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Study Objective To investigate the relationship between previous ipsilateral salpingectomy and interstitial pregnancy, and report on our experience of laparoscopic cornuostomy for interstitial pregnancy. Design A single-center, retrospective review. Setting A university-based hospital. Patients Patients who had a previous ipsilateral salpingectomy diagnosed with interstitial pregnancy and treated from July 2010 to September 2018. Interventions Laparoscopy or laparotomy as treatment for interstitial pregnancy following ipsilateral salpingectomy. Measurement and Main Results 414 cases of interstitial pregnancy were identified of which 46 (11.1%) were following ipsilateral salpingectomy; 20 of the 46 patients (43.5%) were pregnant by in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Ipsilateral salpingectomy was the result of ectopic pregnancy in 40 patients, hydrosalpinx in 5 patients, and torsion of ovarian tumor in 1 patient. The laparoscopic approach was used to treat 78.3% of patients with history of previous salpingectomy. Patients who underwent previous ipsilateral salpingectomy by laparoscopy had a shorter interval from salpingectomy to interstitial pregnancy (24 months vs. 60 months, p=.038) compared with patients who had ipsilateral salpingectomy managed by laparotomy. Laparoscopic cornuostomy was carried out in 38 cases (82.6%); 12 had fetal cardiac activity, 15 had ruptured, and 16 used prophylactic methotrexate (MTX) intraoperatively. Median size of the ectopic mass was 2.5 cm (1.0–5.0 cm). At the time of laparoscopic cornuostomy, more cases of interstitial pregnancies with intact ectopic mass cases were administered prophylactic MTX (81.3% vs. 45.5%, p =.043). Only 1 patient with a ruptured ectopic mass, high preoperative human chorionic gonadotropin levels, and not administered prophylactic MTX experienced persistent ectopic pregnancy (PEP) . Conclusions Patients with history of ipsilateral salpingectomy should be cautioned regarding the possibility of interstitial pregnancy. Laparoscopic cornuostomy appears to be an appropriate treatment for interstitial pregnancy in patients wishing to preserve fertility, and the use of concomitant prophylactic MTX may reduce the risk of PEP, especially in patients with ruptured masses and high human gonadotropin levels.

A host of studies have revealed that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critically involved in the development and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer. LncRNA TUBA4B is recently identified to be a critical mediator in non-small cell lung cancer. However, the clinical roles and biological functions of lncRNA TUBA4B in epithelial ovarian cancer have yet to be fully clarified. The present study was conducted to explore the expression of lncRNA TUBA4B in human epithelial ovarian cancer tissues and potential roles of lncRNA TUBA4B in ovarian cancer cells. The matched epithelial ovarian cancer specimens and adjacent normal tissues were employed to detect the expression of lncRNA TUBA4B. The prognostic value of lncRNA TUBA4B for tumor progression and survival rate was investigated. The effects of lncRNA TUBA4B on ovarian cancer cell proliferation and migration were also explored. The expression of lncRNA TUBA4B was significantly decreased in epithelial ovarian cancer tissue specimens. The low lncRNA TUBA4B level was closely related with pathological grade, FIGO stage and lymph node metastases, and serum CA125 level. Enforced expression of lncRNA TUBA4B obviously reduced the proliferation of SKOV3 cells, and attenuated the activation of ERK and Akt signaling pathways. Our data demonstrate for the first time that lower lncRNA TUBA4B may be a novel independent prognostic biomarker for overall survival of epithelial ovarian cancer. Overexpression of lncRNA TUBA4B inhibits the proliferation of ovarian cancer cells. LncRNA TUBA4B may be an important target for therapeutic intervention in ovarian cancer.

Nomograms are widely used as predictive tools to predict oncological outcomes intuitively and precisely. The aim of our study was to develop a nomogram for predicting overall survival (OS) of patients with early stage cervical cancer.In this retrospective study, the clinical, pathological, and hematological data and prognosis of 795 cervical cancer patients were investigated. We identified and incorporated independent significant prognostic factors for OS to develop a nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability were measured by concordance index.By univariable analysis and subsequent multivariable analysis, we identified body mass index, albumin, platelet, leukocyte, tumor differentiation, and the status of the pelvic lymph node (PLN) (all P0.05) as independent prognostic factors. The concordance index of the nomogram integrating these 6 variables was 0.74. The calibration curves for probability of 3- and 5-year OS also demonstrated ideal agreement between nomogram prediction and actual observation.We developed a novel nomogram that can provide prediction of OS for patients with early stage cervical cancer individually. Furthermore, studies are required to validate whether it can be applied to other cohorts.

Decreased nitrous oxide (NO) levels are crucial factors in severe preeclampsia (sPE), and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of NO synthetase. Steroid hormones are closely related to the vascular endothelium. This study determined the levels of and correlations between ADMA, estradiol (E2), and progesterone (Pg) in sPE to investigate the roles of these factors in this disease.Sixty-two sPE patients (sPE group) were divided into the sPE1 subgroup (28(+1)-32(+0) weeks of pregnancy), the sPE2 subgroup (32(+1)-36(+0) weeks), and the sPE3 subgroup (36(+1)-40(+0) weeks) and 75 normal pregnant women (NC group) were divided into the NC1 subgroup (28(+1)-32(+0) weeks of gestation), the NC2 subgroup (32(+1)-36(+0) weeks), and the NC3 subgroup (36(+1)-40(+0) weeks). Serum and placental ADMA levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum E2 and Pg concentrations were determined by the chemilumineseent immunoassay (CLIA).ADMA concentrations in both the placenta and the maternal serum were significantly higher in the sPE group (p0.05). Higher ADMA contents were observed in the placenta relative to the maternal serum (p0.05). Serum E2 levels were significantly lower in the sPE group (p0.05). For Pg, the only significant difference was observed between the sPE1 and NC1 subgroups (p0.05). The Pg/E2 ratios in the sPE groups were significantly higher, with a significant high positive correlation between Pg/E2 ratios and serum ADMA levels.Increased serum levels of ADMA in sPE may result from increased secretion from the placenta, and the increased Pg/E2 ratio may play a role in the development of sPE by aggravating ADMA.

Inflammation contributes to development and progression in a variety of cancers, including cervical cancer. We developed a novel cervical cancer systemic inflammation score (CCSIS) based on the preoperative platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and serum albumin levels. A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 795 patients with operable cervical cancer was then conducted to investigate the prognostic value of CCSIS and its association with the patients' clinicopathological features, overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). CCSIS was predictive of OS and DFS. High CCSIS was correlated with more advanced FIGO stages, poor tumor differentiation, and the presence of PLN and LVSI. Both albumin levels and the PLR were independent prognostic indicators for operable cervical cancer. The use of the CCSIS could improve risk stratification and traditional clinicopathological analysis in cervical cancer.

To explore the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in cervical cancer and analyze its correlation with microvascular density (MVD), nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kB p65) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF).Immunohistochemical MaxVision method was adopted to detect the expression level of AEG-1, NF-kB p65 and VEGF in 45 samples of invading cervical cancer and 12 samples of cervicitis from The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. Tumor microvascular endothelial marker CD34 combined with Weidner was used to determine the MVD in cervical cancer tissue. The positive expression and staining conditions of AEG-1, NF-kB p65 and VEGF in cervical cancer tissues were observed under a light microscope. Correlations between expression of AEG-1 protein and those of NF-Kb p65 and VEGF, as well as MVD, were analyzed using Pearson correlation.The expression levels of AEG-1 were 0.186±0.043 in cervical cancer and 0.051±0.002 in chronic cervicitis (p0.01). Moreover, expression of AEG-1 was related to vascular invasion and lymphatic metastasis of cervical cancer (p0.01), but not with age of the patients, differentiation degree, tumour size, pathological type and parametrial infiltration (p0.05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression of AEG-1 was linked with NF-kB p65 (r=0.501, p=0.000), VEGF (r=0.718, p=0.000) as well as MVD in cervical cancer tissue (r=0.815, p=0.000).AEG-1 is highly expressed in cervical cancer and promotes angiogenesis, which might be related to the fact that AEG-1 activating the signal pathway of NF-kB could up-regulate the level of VEGF expression.

A 46-year-old woman with Cushing's syndrome secondary to ectopic adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion caused by primary ovarian mature teratoma with carcinoid components was presented in our case. The patient manifested sustained hypercortisolemia without circadian rhythm and a lack of suppression of either low-dose dexamethasone suppression test (LDDST) or high-dose dexamethasone suppression test (HDDST). There was no evidence of a pituitary mass or secretion of other hormones. After careful clinical evaluation, no other tumor masses were found. Resection of the ovarian tumors led to sharp reduction of serum ACTH and cortisol concentrations. Immunohistochemistry showed positivity in CgA, Syn, CK, NSE. To the best of our knowledge, there are rare reports of an ACTH-secreting carcinoid components located in an ovarian mature teratoma, and bilateral ovarian mature teratoma makes it rarer.

Piperlongumine (PL), a natural alkaloid fromPiper longum L., possesses the highly selective and effective anticancer property. However, the effect of PL on ovarian cancer cells is still unknown. In this study, we firstly demonstrate that PL selectively inhibited cell growth of human ovarian cancer cells. Furthermore, PL notably induced cell apoptosis, G2/M phase arrest, and accumulation of the intracellular reactive oxidative species (ROS) in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pretreatment with antioxidant N-acety-L-cysteine could totally reverse the PL-induced ROS accumulation and cell apoptosis. In addition, low dose of PL/cisplatin or paclitaxel combination therapies had a synergistic antigrowth effect on human ovarian cancer cells. Collectively, our study provides new therapeutic potential of PL on human ovarian cancer.

The objective of this study was to explore the clinical significance of survivin expression in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) and the effect of survivin small hairpin RNA (shRNA) on survivin expression, apoptosis, and chemosensitivity in the human ovarian cancer cell line OVCAR3.A retrospective review of 90 consecutive EOC patients with a median follow-up time of 51 months was conducted. Survivin expression was examined by immunohistochemistry. OVCAR3 cells were transfected in vitro with survivin shRNA. Survivin mRNA expression levels were detected using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Flow cytometry was applied to determine survivin protein expression levels and cell apoptotic rates. The MTT method was used to examine the effects of survivin shRNA on chemosensitivity in OVCAR3 cells.Positive cytoplasmic expression of survivin was associated with advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, nonmucinous type, high grade, and recurrence. Positive survivin expression was also associated with platinum resistance (r = 0.306, P = 0.003). Statistical results indicated that FIGO stage (hazard rate = 1.649, P = 0.047) and cytoplasmic expression of survivin (hazard rate = 1.734, P = 0.010) were independent prognostic factors. Survivin mRNA and protein levels were lower in OVCAR3S (ovarian cancer cells transfected with a survivin recombinant vector) cells at 24 hours after transfection as compared with controls. The flow cytometric analysis revealed that survivin shRNA induced accumulation of cells in the G0/Gl phase, with a decrease in G2/M phase cells following 24 hours of culture as compared with a nontransfected group (P0.01). Furthermore, survivin shRNA increased the sensitivity of OVCAR3 cells to paclitaxel 15-fold (P0.05), whereas it had no significant effect on cisplatin (P0.05).In addition to FIGO stage, cytoplasmic survivin protein expression is an independent molecular marker for predicting EOC prognosis. Sequence-specific shRNA targeting survivin can effectively suppress survivin expression, enhance apoptosis, and increase the sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel but not to cisplatin.

Objective To determine the efficacy of serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and cancer antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) for diagnosis of mature cystic teratoma (MCT) with torsion. Methods A retrospective medical record review was conducted of data for women who had undergone surgery for ovarian MCT at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, China, between January 1, 2008, and January 1, 2015. Patients with torsion and a control group who underwent surgery on the same days were identified. Clinical characteristics and the serum levels of CA125, CA19-9, and the NLR were assessed. Results The serum levels of CA125, CA19-9, and the NLR were higher in the torsion group (n=68) than in the control group (n=120; P≤0.001 for all). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated that the area under the curve for the combined use of CA125, CA19-9, and NLR was 0.978 (95% confidence interval 0.954–1.000; P

Ovarian cancer is recognized as one of the worst gynecologic malignancies associated with rapid metastasis and poor overall survival rate. The identified valuable molecular biomarkers criticize importance of timely diagnosis for ovarian cancer. Salusin-β levels are dramatically increased in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. However, the roles of salusin-β in ovarian cancer have yet to be fully elucidated. A total of 57 paired ovarian cancer specimens and matched adjacent normal tissues were used to measure the salusin-β levels. The prognostic value of salusin-β for tumor progression and survival rate was investigated. The effects of salusin-β on ovarian cancer cell proliferation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were also explored. The expression of salusin-β was significantly increased in ovarian cancer tissue specimens compared with matched normal adjacent tissue (P

Background Increased platelet has been identified as an independent and unfavorable prognostic indicator in various cancers including cervical cancer. In our study, the prognostic value of preoperative platelet count combining with FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) stage in patients with operable cervical cancer was investigated. Methods A large cohort study including 800 operable cervical cancer patients was conducted from May 2005 to December 2012. Cancer-related biomarkers such as platelet count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, RDW was evaluated together with FIGO staging system in stage IA1–IIA2 cervical cancer patients. The prediction validity of platelet together with FIGO stage was then evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and the areas under the curve (AUCs) were compared by Z test. Results Univariate cox proportional hazard analysis demonstrated that hematocrit, platelet count, hemoglobin, FIGO stage, tumor differentiation, PLN (pelvic lymph node metastasis), LVSI (vascular lymph node invasion) were associated with overall survival (OS) and disease free survival (DFS), instead of RDW (red cell distribution width), age and histological subtype. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that preoperative platelet and FIGO stage were independent predictors for OS and DFS in cervical cancer. Furthermore, significant improvements were found after the combination of platelet count and FIGO stage in predicting OS and DFS for cervical cancer patients ( P = 0.0128 and P = 0.0385, respectively). Conclusions Combination of platelet count and FIGO stage improved the prediction performance of FIGO staging and provide additional risk stratification for operable cervical cancer patients.

To evaluate the surgical, oncological outcome and prognostic factors of laparoscopic radical hysterectomy (LRH) and pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with stage IB1 cervical cancer.Patients with IB1 cervical cancer undergoing LRH at the First People's Hospital of Foshan between January 2000 and March 2010 were enrolled in this study. Follow-up data were available.A total of 148 patients were identified. One case converted to laparotomy. Median number of resected pelvic lymph nodes was 23. Median blood loss was 250 mL and median operative time was 257 minutes. Intraoperative and postoperative complications occurred in 5.4% and 6.75% patients, respectively. Other medical problems included 47 cases (31.75%) of bladder dysfunction. Twenty-seven patients (18.24%) had microscopic nodal metastasis. A total of 37 patients received adjuvant therapy. After a median follow-up of 28 months, 21 patients had a recurrence. The overall 5-year survival rate is 82%. Univariate analysis showed the factors affecting the survival rate were nonsquamous histologic type, high grade, deep cervical stromal invasion, lymphovascular space invasion, and lymph node metastasis (P = 0.016, P = 0.045, P = 0.021, P = 0.038, and P =0.001). The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis indicated only lymph node metastasis (odds ratio = 6.293, P0.001) was an independent poor prognostic factor.Laparoscopic radical hysterectomy can be a safe alternative to abdominal RH for patients with IB1 cervical cancer. Lymph node metastasis was an independent poor prognostic factor.

The objective of this study was to determine the better method of myomectomy by comparing laparoscopic and open myomectomy for patients with fibroids with regard to operative parameters and outcomes. A systematic review was performed on published studies identified by the databases PubMed, EMBASE, the China Biological Medicine Datadase (CBMdisc), Ovid and the Cochrane Library, as well as cross-references. Randomized controlled trials on laparoscopic versus open myomectomy were assessed on operative parameters and outcomes. Six studies and 576 patients were studied. Analysis was performed using the statistical software Review Manager Version 4.2. The data available show that laparoscopic myomectomy was associated with less hemoglobin drop, reduced operative blood loss, more patients fully recuperated at day 15, diminished postoperative pain, and fewer overall complications but longer operation time. However, major complications, pregnancy and recurrence were comparable in the two groups. The data show that if performed by suitably specialized surgeons in selected patients, laparoscopic myomectomy is a better choice than open surgery.

Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in cancer initiation and development by functioning either as oncogenes or as tumor suppressors. The role of microRNA-449a (miR-449a) in endometrial cancer remains unclear. We examined the levels of miR-449a and miR-449b in benign endometrium, type I and type II endometrial cancer tissues by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. To further investigate the roles of miR-449a in regulating the behavior of endometrial cancer cells, we overexpressed miR-449a in the endometrial cancer cell line HEC-1B, which had low endogenous miR-449a expression. We analyzed the effects of miR-449a overexpression on CDC25 expression, proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of HEC-1B cells. We found that miR-449a and miR-449b levels were markedly reduced in type II endometrial cancer tissues but not in type I endometrial cancer tissues compared with normal endometrium. Overexpression of miR-449a significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion and clonogenic survival of HEC-1B cells. MiR-449a overexpression also induced apoptosis in HEC-1B cells. In addition, real-time RT-PCR and western blot analysis showed that CDC25A expression was suppressed by miR-449a overexpression. Our results suggest that miR-449a may act as a tumor suppressor by targeting CDC25A in endometrial cancer.

To explore the in vitro inhibitive effect and underlying mechanisms of Brucea Javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) on human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 infected cells.The HPV16 E61E7 immortalized human ectocervical Ect1/E6E7 cell line and the CaSki cell line were selected as the in vitro models of premalignant cervical lesion and cervical cancer respectively. After treated with BJOE at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 40 microg/mL) at the operation time points (24, 48, and 72 h), the effects of BJOE on proliferative activities were measured by MTT assay. The morphologic changes of cell apoptosis stained with Hochest 33,258 were observed by fluorescence microscope. The effect on the cell apoptosis rate was analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/PI double-labeled flow cytometry. The mRNA expressions of HPV16 E6 and E7 were determined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. The protein expressions of HPV16 E6, E7 oncogene, and specifically interacted p53, Rb antioncogene were stained by immunocytochemical staining (Elivison two-step procedure).(1) The proliferative activities of the Ect1/E6E7 cell and the CaSki cell treated with BJOE at different concentrations (5, 10, 20, and 40 p g/mL) at the operation time points (24, 48, and 72 h) were obviously inhibited, showing dose- and time-dependent manners (P0.05). (2) Typical changes of apoptosis were observed in both HPV 16 positive cell lines after treated with BJOE. The cell apoptosis rates increased markedly after being cultured with BJOE at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 microg/mL) for 48 h (P0.05). (3) After treated with BJOE at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 microg/mL) for 48 h, the HPV16 E6 and E7 mRNA relative expressions in both HPV 16 positive cell lines decreased significantly (P0.05). (4) After treated with BJOE at different concentrations (5, 10, and 20 microg/ mL), the expressions of HPV16 E6, E7, and mutant p53 protein decreased gradually (P0.05), while the Rb protein expression increased gradually (P0.05).BJOE showed obvious in vitro inhibitory effects on HPV type 16 infected cells. Its underlying mechanisms might be possibly associated with down-regulating expressions of HPV16 E6 and E7 oncogenes.

Overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in cancer cells results in multidrug resistance (MDR), which is one of the major obstacles in the treatment of cancer patients. None of the strategies to overcome MDR has been successfully applied in the clinic until now. Plenty of evidence shows that some triterpenoids function as reversal agents of MDR for anticancer drug resistance treatment. Here, we review the latest findings of reversing cancer MDR with triterpenoids. Findings are summarized showing that triterpenoids are MDR modulators and potential chemosensitizers. Finally, we contemplate future prospects of modulating MDR in the clinic.

To study the proteomics of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott total protein on human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells.SKOV3 cells were in vitro cultured. The growth inhibition of SKOV3 cells in the logarithmic phase with different concentrations of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 mg/mL) at different time points (24, 48, 72, and 96 h) was analyzed by CCK-8 colorimetry. The total protein was extracted after adding 0.296 mg/mL Pinellia pedatisecta Schott protein for 48 h. The protein with differential expressions was screened out using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS).The protein of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott (at 0.10 - 0.50 mg/mL) could significantly inhibit the growth of SKOV3 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner (P0.05, P0.01). After analyzed by 2-DE and MALDI-TOF-MS, 43 differential protein dots were successfully identified (21 up-regulated and 22 down-regulated), including alpha-enolase 1, eukaryotic initiation factor 3alpha, cyclophilin B, and so on.Protein of Pinellia pedatisecta Schott could significantly inhibit the growth of SKOV3 cells, and lead to the proteomics changes of SKOV3 cell strain. They might be correlated with its anti-tumor mechanisms.

There is no clear consensus on the advantages of laparoscopically assisted surgery (LAS) versus open surgery (OS) for endometrial cancer. The present study compared LAS versus OS for patients with endometrial cancer with regard to operative parameters and outcomes. A search of the PubMed, EMBASE, the China Biological Medicine Datadase (CBMdisc), Ovid, and the Cochrane Library identified four studies that met the inclusion criteria for data extraction. Estimates of effectiveness were performed using fixed- and random effects models. The effect was calculated as an odds ratio (OR) or weighted mean difference (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Level of significance was set at P< 0.05. Outcomes of 331 patients were studied. When randomized controlled trials were analyzed, OR for LAS was 0.34 (95% CI: 0.13, 0.89; P= 0.03) for postoperative complications and 0.14 (95% CI: 0.05, 0.39; P= 0.0002) for incidence of transfusion; and WMD for LAS was 263.58 mL (95% CI: 467.71, 59.45 mL; P= 0.01) for blood loss, 38.09 min (95% CI: 10.50, 65.68 min; P= 0.007) for operation time, and 3.35 days (95% CI: 3.84, 2.86 days; P< 0.00001) for hospital stay. There was no difference in patients in terms of recurrence and survival. The present study has shown that LAS was associated with fewer postoperative complications, lower incidence of transfusion, less blood loss, longer operation time, and shorter hospital stay. What's more, no significant difference was found in terms of recurrence and survival. When performed by suitably specialized surgeons in selected patients, it appears to be a better choice than OS.

To investigate the role and significance of FHIT genes depletion, p53 overexpression and HPV16/18 infection in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical carcinoma (CC).Tumor samples taken from 52 cases of CIN and 69 cases of CC were processed by immunohistochemistry (SP) to determine the expression of FHIT genes and p53 protein, by in situ hybridization to detect HPV16/18 infection, and were compared with those in 18 cases of normal cervical tissues as control.(1) The FHIT expression was positive in normal cervical tissue with no depletion occurred, and was 30.8% in CIN. It was significantly higher in CIN III and carcinoma groups than that in normal and CIN I/II groups (P0.01). The depleted expression of FHIT in infiltrating cervical carcinoma group was 66.7% (46/69), significantly higher than that in normal and CIN groups (P0.01). Along with the decreasing of cell differentiation, the negative rate of FHIT raised. (2) The positive expression of p53 in CC group was 56.5% (39/69) and the HPV16/18 was 84.1% (58/69), both higher than that in CIN and normal groups (P0.05). (3) In CIN and CC groups, the positive rate of p53 in cases with positive or negative FHIT expression was similar (P0.05). (4) There is a negative correlation between FHIT and p53 expression. The rate of HPV16/18 infection in the depleted expression of FHIT group was significantly higher than that in FIHT normal expression group (P0.01).(1) The FHIT-depletion is related with cervical carcinogenesis. It may be used as a marker to serve mass screening of CIN-high risk subjects and diagnostic indicator for early cervical carcinoma. (2) Depleted expression of FHIT is frequently associated with p53 over-expression in CIN and CC subjects, but there is no direct correlation between them. (3) HPV16/18 infection may probably be the common cause leading to altered FHIT and p53 expression.

Isolated superficial inguinal metastases without any extended intra-abdominal spread is a rare event in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Here we report an isolated superficial inguinal metastasis in a patient with primary ovarian cancer. A 54-year-old Chinese patient with primary ovarian cancer, had an isolated painless enlarged right groin swelling (3×2cm) as the only manifestation, preoperative pathology confirmed metastatic adenocarcinoma. Gynecologic examination, transvaginal ultrasonography of the abdominopelvic cavity revealed a 5-cm mixed, right adnexal mass. At exploratory laparotomy, there was little intra-abdominal tumor dissemination but 100 ml of faint yellow peritoneal fluid and a 5-cm right ovarian tumor with intact capsule. Staging operation was performed and postoperative pathology confirmed adenocarcinoma located within right ovarian, with no evidence of involvement of other sites. Then the patient received adjuvant chemotherapy for Stage IVB. Five years later, the patient is currently still alive without evidence of recurrent disease. This case indicate that ovarian carcinoma isn’t a disease localized only within the intra-peritoneal cavity, isolated superficial inguinal lymph node metastasis might occur in rare cases via potential lymphatic and (or) hematogenous route under special conditions. We propose the need to investigate the possible mechanisms, risk factors, metastatic patterns, the biology and natural history of such patients in a large-scale and multicenter analysis. Furthermore, efforts should be made for earlier and differential diagnosis and finally prolong survival time for such patients.

Subjects with genital warts were immunized three times or more with HPV6b VLPs without adjuvant. All immunized subjects had DTH to HPV6b L1 protein. Of 32 subjects, nine had HPV6b specific antibody prior to immunization and 22 acquired antibody with immunization. VLP specific antibody increased following a single immunization in 6 of 8 subjects with low level antibody at recruitment. Complete regression of genital warts was observed in 25 of 33 evaluable subjects over the 20-week observation period. We conclude that immunization with HPV6b L1 VLPs without adjuvant induces immunity to the L1 protein epitopes recognised during natural infection, and may accelerate regression of warts.

Background Patients received electrochemotherapy often associated with unpleasant sensations mainly result from low-frequency electric pulse induced muscle contractions. Increasing the repetition frequency of electric pulse can reduce unpleasant sensations. However, due to the specificity of SPEF, frequency related antitumor efficiency need to be further clarified. The aim of this study was to compare in vitro cytotoxic and in vivo antitumor effect on ovarian cancer cell line SKOV3 by SPEF with different repetition frequencies. Explore potential benefits of using high frequency SPEF in order to be exploitable in electrochemotherapy. Methods For in vitro experiment, SKOV3 cell suspensions were exposed to SPEF with gradient increased frequencies (1, 60, 1 000, 5 000 Hz) and electric field intensity (50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 V/cm) respectively. For in vivo test, SKOV3 subcutaneous implanted tumor in BALB/c nude mice (nu/nu) were exposure to SPEF with gradient increased frequencies (1, 60, 1 000, 5 000 Hz) and fixed electric field intensity (250 V/cm) (7 mice for each frequency and 7 for control). Antitumor efficiency was performed by in vitro cytotoxic assay and in vivo tumor growth inhibition rate, supplemented by histological and TEM observations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by the comparisons of multiple groups. Results SPEF with a given frequency and appropriate electric field intensity could achieve similar cytotoxicity until reached a plateau of maximum cytotoxicity (approx. 100%). SPEF with different frequencies had significant antitumor efficiency in comparison to the control group (P < 0.05). However, there was no difference in tumor responses among test groups (P > 0.05). Histological and TEM observations demonstrated obvious cell damages in response to SPEF exposure. Furthermore, SPEF with 5 kHz could induce apoptosis under TEM observations both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion SPEF with high frequency could also achieve similar antitumor efficiency which can be used to reduce unpleasant sensations in tumor electrical treatment. Our research proposed potential applications of using high frequency SPEF in clinical cancer treatment.