Search

The Infant Mental Health Journal is committed to ending systemic racism and promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion in academic publishing. IMHJ unequivocally denounces all forms of racism and white supremacy, including systemic racism in academic publishing. We commit to investigating and working to terminate the ways in which systemic racism has become normalized in academic publishing, including examining our practices and processes at IMHJ. We invite you to join us in intentional, anti-racist work through your scholarship. As part of this effort, IMHJ has updated the author guidelines to include new information regarding how authors can express the ways in which they are engaging with intention in diverse, anti-racist research. These guidelines are available under the author guidelines section on the IMHJ website (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970355). As a second immediate response relative to promoting diverse, equitable, and inclusive research, IMHJ is releasing the following Call to Action, focusing on centering Blackness in infant and early childhood mental health research. This call is designed as a first step in our efforts, and IMHJ looks forward to coming initiatives aimed at disrupting systemic racism in infant and early childhood mental health research for the many scholars studying and working with diverse populations marginalized by racism and systemic inequities.La Revista de Salud Mental Infantil está comprometida a terminar el racismo sistémico y promover la diversidad, la equidad y la inclusividad en las publicaciones académicas. La Revista IMHJ censura categóricamente toda forma de racismo y supremacía de la raza blanca, incluyendo el racismo sistémico en publicaciones académicas. Estamos comprometidos a investigar y trabajar para erradicar los medios por los cuales el racismo sistémico se ha convertido en la norma en las publicaciones académicas, incluyendo el examinar nuestras prácticas y procesos dentro de la Revista IMHJ. Les invitamos a que se nos unan en nuestro esfuerzo intencional, antirracista, por medio de sus investigaciones profesionales. Como parte de este esfuerzo, la Revista IMHJ ha actualizado los parámetros para los autores para incluir nueva información acerca de cómo los autores pueden expresar de qué maneras están trabajando con intención en investigaciones diversas, antirracistas. Estos parámetros se encuentran disponibles bajo la sección de parámetros de autor en la página electrónica de la Revista IMHJ (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970355). Como una segunda respuesta inmediata en relación con el fomento de la investigación diversa, igualitaria e incluyente, la Revista IMHJ presenta esta Llamada a la Acción, la cual se enfoca en centralizar la Negritud en la investigación de salud mental en infantes y la temprana niñez. Esta llamada está diseñada como un primer paso en nuestros esfuerzos y la Revista IMHJ anticipa próximas iniciativas dedicadas a poner fin al racismo sistémico en la investigación sobre salud mental en infantes y la temprana niñez para los muchos investigadores profesionales que estudian y trabajan con grupos diversos de población marginalizados por el racismo y las desigualdades sistémicas.Le Infant Mental Health Journal s'engage à mettre fin au racisme endémique et à promouvoir la diversité, l’équité, et l'inclusion dans les publications académiques. L'IMHJ dénonce sans équivoque toutes les formes de racisme et de suprématie de la race blanche, y compris le racisme systémique dans les publications académiques. Nous nous engageons à déterminer comment le racisme systémique s'est normalisé dans les publications académiques et nous nous engageons à travailler à éradiquer cette normalisation ainsi qu’à examiner et à disséquer les pratiques et les processus de l'IMHJ. Nous vous invitons à nous rejoindre dans ce travail intentionnel, délibéré et anti-raciste à travers vos recherches. Dans cette optique l'IMHJ a mis à jour les directives pour les auteurs afin d'inclure plus d'informations sur la manière dont les auteurs peuvent exprimer les façons dont ils s'engagent délibérément dans des recherches diverses et anti-racistes. Ces directives sont disponibles dans la section « directives pour auteurs » dans le site de IMHJ (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970355). De plus, en tant que deuxième réaction immédiate liée à la promotion de recherches diverses, équitables et inclusives, l'IMHJ rend publique l'Appel à l'Action suivant, mettant l'accent sur la nécessité de centrer la condition noire dans les recherches sur la santé mentale du nourrisson et de la petite enfance. Cet appel est le premier pas de nos efforts et l'IMHJ attend avec intérêt les initiatives à venir se donnant pour but de contrecarrer le racisme systémique dans les recherches sur la santé mentale du nourrisson et de la petite enfance pour les nombreux chercheurs étudiant et travaillant avec des populations diverses marginalisées par le racisme et les inéquités systémiques.Aufruf zum Handeln: Schwarzsein in den Mittelpunkt rücken und den strukturellen Rassismus in der Forschung zur psychischen Gesundheit von Kindern und in der akademischen Publizistik durchbrechen Das Infant Mental Health Journal setzt sich für das Ende von strukturellem Rassismus und für die Förderung von Vielfalt, Gleichberechtigung und Inklusion im akademischen Publikationswesen ein. Das IMHJ prangert unmissverständlich alle Formen von Rassismus und weißer Vorherrschaft an, einschließlich des strukturellen Rassismus im akademischen Verlagswesen. Wir verpflichten uns, die Art und Weise, in der struktureller Rassismus im akademischen Verlagswesen normalisiert wurde, zu untersuchen und daran zu arbeiten, ihn zu beenden. Dies schließt die Überprüfung unserer Praktiken und Prozesse beim IMHJ ein. Wir laden Sie ein, sich uns mit ihrer Forschung bei der bewussten, antirassistischen Arbeit anzuschließen. Als Teil dieser Bemühungen hat das IMHJ die Autor:innenrichtlinien aktualisiert. Es wurden neue Informationen darüber aufgenommen, wie Autor:innen zum Ausdruck bringen können, wie sie sich explizit für eine vielfältige, antirassistische Forschung einsetzen. Diese Richtlinien sind auf der IMHJ-Website unter dem Abschnitt Autor:innenrichtlinien zu finden (https://emea01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url = https%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley. com%2Fjournal%2F10970355data = 04%7C01%7C%7C04fcb2ce91b44348abfe08d9958a88dd%7C84df9e7fe9f640afb435aaaaaaaaaaaa%7C1%7C0%7C637705244491301364%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000sdata = kPRKcHYbAwvFHz1JT4QOX4igY7VelpdZoRcynlhJI4w%3Dreserved = 0). Als zweite unmittelbare Reaktion bzgl. der Förderung einer vielfältigen, gerechten und inklusiven Forschung veröffentlicht das IMHJ den folgenden Aufruf zum Handeln, der Schwarzsein in den Mittelpunkt der Forschung zur psychischen Gesundheit von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern rücken will. Dieser Aufruf soll ein erster Schritt in unseren Bemühungen sein. Das IMHJ freut sich auf kommende Initiativen, die darauf abzielen, den strukturellen Rassismus in der Forschung zur psychischen Gesundheit von Säuglingen und Kleinkindern für die vielen Wissenschaftler:innen zu durchbrechen, die mit verschiedenen Bevölkerungsgruppen arbeiten, die durch Rassismus und strukturelle Ungleichheiten marginalisiert werden.行動喚起:乳幼児精神保健研究及び学術出版において、Blacknessを中心に置き、制度的人種差別を止める 乳幼児精神保健ジャーナル(IMHJ)は、学術出版において、制度的人種差別を終わりにし、多様性・公平性・包括性を促進することに全力を注ぐ。IMHJ は明確に、学術出版における制度的人種差別を含めた、あらゆる形態の人種差別と白人至上主義を非難する。我々は、IMHJでの実践と過程を調査することを含め、制度的人種差別が学術出版において常態となることを終結させるために、調査し取り組むことに全力を注ぐ。是非、あなた方も研究を通じて、意図的で反人種差別の取り組みに参加してほしい。この取り組みの一環として、IMHJは著者が意図をもって、多様性と反人種差別の研究に取り組んでいることを表現できる仕方に関する新しい情報を含めるために著者ガイドラインを更新した。これらのガイドラインは、IMHJのホームページ(https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970355)**f__;44Gu6JGX6ICF44Ks44Kk44OJ44Op44Kk44Oz44Gu44K7!!HXCxUKc!ht5w9WS1VrQQFy9SI4HWUAtrMwPyYhW_DVUgwdRcA6WwVEqIKIONvSQ97ePUYa1R$ クションの下から入手できる。多様性、公平かつ包括的な研究の促進に関連する２番目の即時対応として、IMHJは、乳幼児精神保健の研究においてBlacknessを中心に置くことに焦点を当て、後述の行動喚起を公表している。この喚起は、我々の取り組みの第一歩としてデザインされている。そしてIMHJは、人種差別と制度的不平等によって阻害された多様な人々と共に研究し活動している多くの研究者にとって、乳幼児精神保健研究における制度的人種差別を止めることを目的とした新機軸となることを期待する。.摘 要:《婴儿心理健康杂志》致力于结束系统性种族主义, 促进学术出版的多样性、公平性和包容性。IMHJ明确谴责所有形式的种族主义和白人至上主义, 包括学术出版中的系统性种族主义。我们致力于调查并努力终止学术出版中系统性种族主义的常态化, 包括审查我们在IMHJ的做法和流程。我们邀请您通过学术研究加入我们有意识的反种族主义工作。作为这项工作的一部分, IMHJ更新了作者指南, 纳入了有关作者如何表达他们主动参与各种反种族主义研究的新信息。这些指南可在IMHJ网站的作者指南部分找到 (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970355 )。作为促进多样性、公平性和包容性研究的第二个直接回应, IMHJ发布以下行动呼吁:重点关注婴幼儿心理健康研究中“以黑人为中心”的问题。这一呼吁是我们努力的第一步, 对于那些与因种族主义和系统性不平等而被边缘化的不同人群学习工作共事的学者来说, IMHJ期待着未来推出更多旨在消除婴幼儿心理健康研究中系统性种族主义的举措。.دعوة للعمل: تسليط الضوء على قضايا السود ووقفالعنصرية المنهجية في أبحاث الصحة النفسية للرضع والنشر الأكاديمي الملخص جريدة الصحة النفسية للأمهات والرضع ملتزمة بإنهاء العنصرية النظامية وتعزيز التنوع والمساواه والشمول في النشر الأكاديمي.وتدين الجريدة بشكل قاطع جميع أشكال العنصرية واستعلاء البيض ، بما في ذلك العنصرية الممنهجة في النشر الأكاديمي. نلتزم بالتحقيق والعمل على إنهاء الطرق التي أصبحت بها العنصرية الممنهجة من الأمور البديهية في النشر الأكاديمي ، بما في ذلك فحص ممارساتنا وعملياتنا في الجريدة. ندعوكم للانضمام إلينا في العمل الذي يستهدف مناهضة العنصرية من خلال أعمالكم البحثية. كجزء من هذا الجهد ، قامت الجريدة بتحديث إرشادات المؤلفين لتشمل معلومات جديدة تتعلق بكيفية تعبير المؤلفين عن الطرق التي يستطيعون بها أن يساهموا في بحث متنوع مناهض للعنصرية. تتوفر هذه الإرشادات ضمن قسم إرشادات المؤلف على موقع الجريدة على الانترنت. (https://urldefense.com/v3/__https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10970355__;!!HXCxUKc!hyF7qF-DmF3dFfiOpsPozODIYhPA-gI6zgEstSsNmHtjzYL7TjBEIwLMRX6bxSGA$) وكاستجابة فورية ثانية فيما يتعلق بترويج البحوث المتنوعة والعادلة والشاملة ، تطلق جريدة الصحة النفسية للأطفال والرضع هذه الدعوة للعمل ، مع التوجه لتسليط الضوء على قضايا السود في أبحاث الصحة النفسية للرضع والأطفال في مرحلة الطفولة المبكرة. تم تصميم هذه الدعوة كخطوة أولى في جهودنا ، وتتطلع الجريدة إلى المبادرات القادمة التي تهدف إلى تعطيل العنصرية المنهجية في أبحاث الصحة النفسية للرضع والأطفال في مرحلة الطفولة المبكرة للعديد من الباحثين الذين يدرسون ويعملون مع مجموعات سكانية متنوعة مهمشة بسبب العنصرية وعدم المساواة المنهجية.

Maternal oxytocin is connected to aspects of parenting including sensitivity, warmth, positive affect, and affectionate touch. Oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) polymorphisms are associated with circulating oxytocin levels, altered brain activity, and parenting behaviors. This study aimed to replicate prior work on OXTR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) rs1042778 and rs53576 in relation to maternal sensitivity, explore associations with other aspects of parenting (i.e., negative parenting), evaluate observational and self-report measures of parenting in relation to OXTR SNPs, and examine whether childhood trauma exposure moderates the relation between OXTR SNPs and parenting. Mothers (N = 100) were observed during 2 teaching interaction tasks with their 7-month-old infant, completed questionnaire and interview measures related to parenting and trauma history, and provided saliva specimens to derive OXTR genotypes. Mothers with OXTR rs1042778 TT genotypes demonstrated lower behavioral sensitivity, lower engagement, higher intrusiveness, and more frequent frightened/frightening behavior than mothers with TG or GG genotypes. Genotype interacted with childhood trauma history such that mothers who had experienced childhood trauma were more likely to demonstrate frightened/frightening behavior if they had the TT genotype on rs1042778 relative to the TG or GG genotype; however, small cell sizes for this interaction suggest replication is warranted. Contrary to expectations, mothers with the TT genotype on rs1042778 self-reported that they had less impaired bonding than mothers with TG or GG genotypes. Results are discussed with respect to prior work with oxytocin in lower versus higher risk samples, and the potential role of mothers' self-awareness in explaining discrepancies between results from observational versus self-report measures of parenting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Fathers have a distinct and unique effect on child development, but little is known about fathering beyond White or majority White families. The current study includes African American/Black biological fathers (N = 88) and their two-year-old children. Fathers reported low incomes and high rates of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Parenting behaviors were observed in high-stress and low-stress triadic contexts. In the high-stress condition, we assessed paternal responses to children's bids after the family was reunited following a separation paradigm. In the low-stress condition, we assessed parenting behaviors during a teaching task. Fathers' social baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) was obtained as an index of parasympathetic arousal. RSA moderated the association between PTSD and fathers' responsiveness (F = 6.90, p = .00, R2 = .30), with no association between PTSD and responsiveness demonstrated among fathers with the highest levels of RSA relative to the sample (effect = .04, p = .00; CI [0.02, 0.06]). RSA did not moderate the association between paternal depression and parenting behaviors (p > .05). Furthermore, responsiveness was only significantly associated with low-stress paternal teaching behaviors for fathers with lower RSA (F = 4.34, p = .01, R2 = .21; effect = -.19, p = .00; CI [0.06, 0.32]). Findings demonstrate significant relationships among RSA, PTSD, and parenting for African American/Black men in contexts of economic adversity.

Parenting differs in purpose and strategy according to cultural background (Brooks-Gunn & Markman, 2005; Iruka, LaForett, & Odom, 2012). The current study tests a unique latent factor score, Adaptive Parenting, that represents culturally-relevant, positive parenting behaviors: maternal coping with stress through reframing, maternal scaffolding of toddlers' learning during a low-stress task, and maternal commands during a high-stress task. Participants were Black mothers (N = 119; Mage = 27.78) and their 24- to 30-month-old toddlers. Families were part of a broader study examining family resilience among urban, low-income young children and their families. Results demonstrate that the proposed variables align on a single factor and positively predict toddlers' emotion regulation. Findings are discussed in the context of Black culturally-specific parenting processes.

The COVID-19 crisis can be defined as a collective trauma, which contributes to an upheaval of community connection and functioning. The current pandemic has also illuminated disparities in mental health supports. In this commentary, we highlight one community organization, located in metro Detroit, that has responded to the trauma by bolstering resources and supports for residents, many of whom are ethnoracial minorities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Routines in the family are a potential source of resilience for at-risk children and support children's emerging emotion regulation. Meanwhile, inadequate sleep has been linked with deficits in cognitive processes to attend to environmental stimuli and with poor emotion regulation for children. The detrimental effects of poor sleep are potentially worse in low-income children. The aim of the current study was to examine the moderating role of sleep in the association between family routines and emotion regulation in toddlers in poverty. We analyzed data of 130 toddlers (24-31 months; 58% boys) from low-income, primarily African American families. Mothers completed questionnaires about child routines (Child Routines Questionnaire; CRQ; Wittig, 2005).To measure emotion regulation, toddlers completed an observed behavioral task meant to elicit frustration (Lab-TAB-Locomotor Version; Goldsmith & Rothbart, 1991). As hypothesized, adequate sleep (> 11 hr) fully moderated the association between routines and observed emotion regulation. There was no effect of routines on emotion regulation for toddlers with inadequate amounts of sleep. Analyses controlled for toddler respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) as well as maternal emotion dysregulation (the Emotional Dysregulation Scale; EDS; Westen, Muderrisoglu, Fowler, Shedler, & Koren, 1997). These results emphasize the importance of sufficient sleep in at-risk toddlers. Furthermore, the results suggest that the effectiveness of family interventions focusing on family health to increase toddler emotion regulation could be improved by incorporating sleep interventions/routines. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Background The postpartum period represents a major transition in the lives of many women, a time when women are at increased risk for the emergence of psychopathology including depression and PTSD. The current study aimed to better understand the unique contributions of clinically significant postpartum depression, PTSD, and comorbid PTSD/depression on mother–infant bonding and observed maternal parenting behaviors (i.e., behavioral sensitivity, negative affect, positive affect) at 6 months postpartum. Methods Mothers ( n =164; oversampled for history of childhood maltreatment given parent study's focus on perinatal mental health in women with trauma histories) and infants participated in 6-month home visit during which dyads engaged in interactional tasks varying in level of difficulties. Mothers also reported on their childhood abuse histories, current depression/PTSD symptoms, and bonding with the infant using standardized and validated instruments. Results Mothers with clinically significant depression had the most parenting impairment (self-report and observed). Mothers with clinically significant PTSD alone (due to interpersonal trauma that occurred predominately in childhood) showed similar interactive behaviors to those who were healthy controls or trauma-exposed but resilient (i.e., no postpartum psychopathology). Childhood maltreatment in the absence of postpartum psychopathology did not infer parenting risk. Limitations Findings are limited by (1) small cell sizes per clinical group, limiting power, (2) sample size and sample demographics prohibited examination of third variables that might also impact parenting (e.g., income, education), (3) self-report of symptoms rather than use of psychiatric interviews. Conclusions Findings show that in the context of child abuse history and/or current PTSD, clinically significant maternal depression was the most salient factor during infancy that was associated with parenting impairment at this level of analysis.

Caregivers play an integral role in promoting children’s emotion regulation, while children’s individual physiology affects how they respond to the caregiving environment. Relatively little is known about how fathering influences toddler emotion regulation, particularly within African American and low-income communities, where risk related to the development of emotion regulation is higher. This study investigated relations among fathering, toddler parasympathetic regulation, and toddler emotion regulation in a sample of 92 families. Fathering was assessed during two interactions: engagement following a stressor during a triadic task and a dyadic play task. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (resting and reactivity) was obtained as an index of toddler parasympathetic arousal. Findings demonstrated an association between fathers’ engagement post-stressor and toddler emotion regulation. Toddler RSA moderated this association: toddlers with elevated levels of resting RSA benefitted from parenting engagement following a stressor. Fathering during play did not relate to toddler emotion regulation. The importance of fathering and physiologic contexts in early regulatory development is discussed.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that toddlers at highest risk for behavioral problems from the most economically vulnerable families will benefit most from maternal talk about emotions. METHODS This study included 89 toddlers and mothers from low-income families. Behavioral problems were rated at 2 time points by masters-level trained Early Head Start home visiting specialists. Maternal emotion talk was coded from a wordless book-sharing task. Coding focused on mothers' emotion bridging, which included labeling emotions, explaining the context of emotions, noting the behavioral cues of emotions, and linking emotions to toddlers' own experiences. Maternal demographic risk reflected a composite score of 5 risk factors. RESULTS A significant 3-way interaction between Time 1 toddler behavior problems, maternal emotion talk, and maternal demographic risk (p = .001) and examination of slope difference tests revealed that when maternal demographic risk was greater, more maternal emotion talk buffered associations between earlier and later behavior problems. Greater demographic risk and lower maternal emotion talk intensified Time 1 behavior problems as a predictor of Time 2 behavior problems. The model explained 54% of the variance in toddlers' Time 2 behavior problems. Analyses controlled for maternal warmth to better examine the unique contributions of emotion bridging to toddlers' behaviors. CONCLUSION Toddlers at highest risk, those with more early behavioral problems from higher demographic-risk families, benefit the most from mothers' emotion talk. Informing parents about the use of emotion talk may be a cost-effective, simple strategy to support at-risk toddlers' social-emotional development and reduce behavioral problems.

Our aim was to examine the rates and predictors of father attendance at nurse home visits in replication sites of the Nurse-Family Partnership (NFP). Early childhood programs can facilitate father involvement in the lives of their children, but program improvements require an understanding of factors that predict father involvement. The sample consisted of 29,109 low-income, first-time mothers who received services from 694 nurses from 80 sites. We conducted mixed-model multiple regression analyses to identify population, implementation, site, and nurse influences on father attendance. Predictors of father attendance included a count of maternal visits (B = 0.12, SE = 0.01, F = 3101.77), frequent contact between parents (B = 0.61, SE = 0.02, F = 708.02), cohabitation (B = 1.41, SE = 0.07, F = 631.51), White maternal race (B = 0.77, SE = 0.06, F = 190.12), and marriage (B = 0.42, SE = 0.08, F = 30.08). Random effects for sites and nurses predicted father-visit participation (2.7 & 6.7% of the variance, respectively), even after controlling for population sociodemographic characteristics. These findings suggest that factors operating at the levels of sites and nurses influence father attendance at home visits, even after controlling for differences in populations served. Further inquiry about these influences on father visit attendance is likely to inform program-improvement efforts.

This study characterized the longitudinal evolution of HPA axis functioning from 7 to 16 months of age and identified individual and environmental factors that shape changes in HPA axis functioning over time. Participants were 167 mother–infant dyads drawn from a larger longitudinal study, recruited based on maternal history of being maltreated during childhood. Salivary cortisol levels were assessed before and after age-appropriate psychosocial stressors when infants were 7 and 16 months old. Maternal observed parenting and maternal reports of infant and environmental characteristics were obtained at 7 months and evaluated as predictors of changes in infant baseline cortisol and reactivity from 7 to 16 months. Results revealed that infants did not show a cortisol response at 7 months, but reactivity to psychosocial stress emerged by 16 months. Individual differences in cortisol baseline and reactivity levels over time were related to infant sex and maternal overcontrolling behaviors, underscoring the malleable and socially informed nature of early HPA axis functioning. Findings can inform prevention and intervention efforts to promote healthy stress regulation during infancy.

The current study tests a novel latent construct reflecting psychological absence and examines its relations with maternal depression, mother–toddler interactions, and toddlers’ social-emotional outcomes in a low-income sample (N = 2,632). Structural equation modeling confirmed a psychological absence construct and revealed that psychological absence, measured at the child’s 36-month birthday-related assessment, is a significant predictor of children’s social-emotional development at 36 months, mediated by mother– child interaction. Results are interpreted within a boundary ambiguity framework.