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1. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Biochemical Markers

Author

O'Toole, D., Grossman, A., Gross, D., Fave, G. D., Barkmanova, J., O'Connor, J., Pape, U. F., Plöckinger, U., Åkerström, G., Annibale, B., Arnold, R., Bajetta, E., Chen, Y. J., Costa, F., Couvelard, A., Davar, J., Herder, W. D., Eriksson, B., Falconi, M., Ferone, D., Gustafsson, B., Hyrdel, R., Ivan, D., Kaltsas, G., Kianmanesh, R., Klöppel, G., Knigge, U. P., Komminoth, P., Kos Kudla, B., Kwekkeboom, D., Lebtahi, R., Lewington, V., Mcnicol, A. M., Mitry, E., Nilsson, O., Öberg, K., Papotti, M., Pavel, M., Perren, A., Platania, M., Rindi, G., Ruszniewski, P., Salazar, R., Scarpa, Aldo, Scheidhauer, K., Scoazec, J. Y., Sundin, A., Szpak, W., Taal, B., Vitek, P., Vullierme, M. P., and Wiedenmann, B.

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Diagnostic accuracy, insulinoma, Neuroendocrine tumors, Bioinformatics, secretin, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, immune system diseases, cancer diagnosis, conference paper, Biochemical markers, biology, Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, Chromogranin A, Fasting, Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, Diabetes and Metabolism, Neuroendocrine Tumors, priority journal, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, diagnostic accuracy, 5 hydroxyindoleacetic acid, neuroendocrine tumor, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Neuroendocrine tumor test, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Standard of care, MEDLINE, 610 Medicine & health, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Patient information, Internal medicine, gastrin, medicine, Humans, biochemistry, human, Insulinoma, Gastrinoma, gastrinoma, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, practice guideline, biochemical marker, chromogranin A, hypoglycemia, patient information, medicine.disease, body regions, biology.protein, 570 Life sciences, Biomarkers, business
Abstract

Biomarkers have been the mainstay in the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) over the last few decades. In the beginning, secretory products from a variety of subtypes of NETs were regarded as biomarkers to follow during diagnosis and treatment: serotonin for small intestinal (SI) NETs, and gastrin and insulin for pancreatic NETs. However, it became evident that a large number of NETs were so-called nonfunctioning tumors without secreting substances that caused hormone-related symptoms. Therefore, it was necessary to develop so-called “general tumor markers.” The most important ones so far have been chromogranin A and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). Chromogranin A is the most important general biomarker for most NETs with a sensitivity and specificity somewhere between 60 and 90%. NSE has been a relevant biomarker for patients with high-grade tumors, particularly lung and gastrointestinal tract tumors. Serotonin and the breakdown product urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U-5-HIAA) is still an important marker for diagnosing and follow-up of SI NETs. Recently, 5-HIAA in plasma has been analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and fluorometric detection and has shown good agreement with U-5-HIAA analysis. In the future, we will see new tests including circulating tumor cells, circulating DNA and mRNA. Recently, a NET test has been developed analyzing gene transcripts in circulating blood. Preliminary data indicate high sensitivity and specificity for NETs. However, its precise role has to be validated in prospective randomized controlled trials which are ongoing right now.

Published
2017
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2. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Radiological Examinations

Author

A. Sundin, M. Vullierme, G. Kaltsas, U. Plöckinger, Akerström G, Annibale B, Arnold R, Bajetta E, Barkmanova J, Chen YJ, Costa F, Couvelard A, Davar J, de Herder W, Delle G, Eriksson B, Ferone D, Gross D, Grossman A, Gustafsson B, Hyrdel R, Ivan D, Kianmanesh R, Klöppel G, Knigge UP, Komminoth P, Kos Kudła B, Kwekkeboom D, Lebtahi R, Lewington V, McNicol AM, Mitry E, Nilsson O, Oberg K, O'Connor J, O'Toole D, Pape UF, Papotti M, Pavel M, Perren A, Platania M, Rindi G, Ruszniewski P, Salazar R, Scarpa A, Scheidhauer K, Scoazec JY, Szpak W, Taal B, Vitek P, Wiedenmann B., FALCONI , MASSIMO, A., Sundin, M., Vullierme, G., Kaltsa, U., Plöckinger, Akerström, G, Annibale, B, Arnold, R, Bajetta, E, Barkmanova, J, Chen, Yj, Costa, F, Couvelard, A, Davar, J, de Herder, W, Delle, G, Eriksson, B, Falconi, Massimo, Ferone, D, Gross, D, Grossman, A, Gustafsson, B, Hyrdel, R, Ivan, D, Kianmanesh, R, Klöppel, G, Knigge, Up, Komminoth, P, Kos Kudła, B, Kwekkeboom, D, Lebtahi, R, Lewington, V, Mcnicol, Am, Mitry, E, Nilsson, O, Oberg, K, O'Connor, J, O'Toole, D, Pape, Uf, Papotti, M, Pavel, M, Perren, A, Platania, M, Rindi, G, Ruszniewski, P, Salazar, R, Scarpa, A, Scheidhauer, K, Scoazec, Jy, Szpak, W, Taal, B, Vitek, P, and Wiedenmann, B.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, radiodiagnosis, diagnostic imaging, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, multidetector computed tomography, Diagnostic accuracy, Neuroendocrine tumors, cancer diagnosis, computer assisted tomography, conference paper, diagnostic accuracy, echography, human, medical documentation, medical society, neuroendocrine tumor, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, patient information, practice guideline, priority journal, radiation dose, sensitivity and specificity, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, X ray computed, Internal medicine, Multidetector computed tomography, medicine, Humans, Ultrasonography, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, General surgery, Radiation dose, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Medical documents, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Radiological weapon, Radiology, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, business
Abstract

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : Radiological Examinations

Published
2008
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3. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors:Echocardiography

Author

Plöckinger, U., Gustafsson, B., Ivan, D., Szpak, W., Davar, J., Åkerstrom, G., Annibale, B., Arnold, R., Bajetta, E., Barkmanova, J., Chen, Y. J., Costa, F., Couvelard, A., Herder, W. D., Fave, G. D., Eriksson, B., Falconi, M., Ferone, D., Gross, D., Grossman, A., Hyrdel, R., Kaltsas, G., Kianmanesh, R., Klöppel, G., Knigge, U. P., Komminoth, P., Kos Kudla, B., Kwekkeboom, D., Lebtahi, R., Lewington, V., Mcnicol, A. M., Mitry, E., Nilsson, O., Öberg, K., O'Connor, J., O'Toole, D., Pape, U. F., Papotti, M., Pavel, M., Perren, A., Platania, M., Rindi, G., Ruszniewski, P., Salazar, R., Scarpa, Aldo, Scheidhauer, K., Scoazec, J. Y., Sundin, A., Taal, B., Vitek, P., Vullierme, M. P., and Wiedenmann, B.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Carcinoid tumors, MEDLINE, Carcinoid Heart Disease, carcinoid syndrome, Diagnostic accuracy, Disease, Neuroendocrine tumors, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, cancer diagnosis, Internal medicine, Humans, echocardiography, Medicine, human, medical society, conference paper, medical documentation, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, practice guideline, Medical practice, diagnostic accuracy, medical practice, neuroendocrine tumor, patient information, priority journal, medicine.disease, Medical documents, Neuroendocrine Tumors, business, Carcinoid syndrome
Abstract

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : echocardiography.

Published
2009
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4. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Towards a Standardized Approach to the Diagnosis of Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and Their Prognostic Stratification

Author

Klöppel, G., Couvelard, A., Perren, A., Komminoth, P., Mcnicol, A., Nilsson, O., Scarpa, Aldo, Scoazec, J., Wiedenmann, B., Papotti, M., Rindi, G., Plöckinger, U., Akerström, G, Annibale, B, Arnold, R, Bajetta, E, Barkmanova, J, Chen, Yj, Costa, F, Davar, J, de Herder, W, Delle Fave, G, Eriksson, B, Falconi, Massimo, Ferone, D, Gross, D, Grossman, A, Gustafsson, B, Hyrdel, R, Ivan, D, Kaltsas, G, Kianmanesh, R, Knigge, Up, Kos Kudła, B, Kwekkeboom, D, Lebtahi, R, Lewington, V, Mitry, E, Oberg, K, O'Connor, J, O'Toole, D, Pape, Uf, Pavel, M, Perren, A, Platania, M, Rindi, G, Ruszniewski, P, Salazar, R, Scheidhauer, K, Sundin, A, Szpak, W, Taal, B, Vitek, P, Vullierme, M. P., G., Klöppel, A., Couvelard, A., Perren, P., Komminoth, A., Mcnicol, O., Nilsson, A., Scarpa, J., Scoazec, B., Wiedenmann, M., Papotti, G., Rindi, U., Plöckinger, Akerström, G, Annibale, B, Arnold, R, Bajetta, E, Barkmanova, J, Chen, Yj, Costa, F, Davar, J, de Herder, W, Delle Fave, G, Eriksson, B, Falconi, Massimo, Ferone, D, Gross, D, Grossman, A, Gustafsson, B, Hyrdel, R, Ivan, D, Kaltsas, G, Kianmanesh, R, Knigge, Up, Kos Kudła, B, Kwekkeboom, D, Lebtahi, R, Lewington, V, Mitry, E, Oberg, K, O'Connor, J, O'Toole, D, Pape, Uf, Pavel, M, Perren, A, Platania, M, Rindi, G, Ruszniewski, P, Salazar, R, Scheidhauer, K, Sundin, A, Szpak, W, Taal, B, Vitek, P, and Vullierme, M. P.

Subjects
Oncology, Lymphatic metastasis, medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, 610 Medicine & health, Adenocarcinoma, Neuroendocrine tumors, Prognostic stratification, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Stomach Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Neoplasm Staging, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Standardized approach, Disease classification, Biological Markers, Lymphatic Metastasis, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Prognosis, medicine.disease, ddc, Cancer registry, 570 Life sciences, biology, Neoplasm staging, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : towards a standardized approach to the diagnosis of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors and their prognostic stratification

Published
2009
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5. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: chemotherapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors

Author

B. Eriksson, B. Annibale, E. Bajetta, E. Mitry, M. Pavel, M. Platania, R. Salazar, U. Plöckinger, Akerström G, Arnold R, Barkmanova J, Chen YJ, Costa F, Couvelard A, Davar J, de Herder W, Delle Fave G, Ferone D, Gross D, Grossman A, Gustafsson B, Hyrdel R, Ivan D, Kaltsas G, Kianmanesh R, Klöppel G, Knigge UP, Komminoth P, Kos Kudła B, Kwekkeboom D, Lebtahi R, Lewington V, McNicol AM, Nilsson O, Oberg K, OConnor J, OToole D, Pape UF, Papotti M, Perren A, Rindi G, Ruszniewski P, Scarpa A, Scheidhauer K, Scoazec JY, Sundin A, Szpak W, Taal B, Vitek P, Vullierme MP, Wiedenmann B., FALCONI , MASSIMO, B., Eriksson, B., Annibale, E., Bajetta, E., Mitry, M., Pavel, M., Platania, R., Salazar, U., Plöckinger, Akerström, G, Arnold, R, Barkmanova, J, Chen, Yj, Costa, F, Couvelard, A, Davar, J, de Herder, W, Delle Fave, G, Falconi, Massimo, Ferone, D, Gross, D, Grossman, A, Gustafsson, B, Hyrdel, R, Ivan, D, Kaltsas, G, Kianmanesh, R, Klöppel, G, Knigge, Up, Komminoth, P, Kos Kudła, B, Kwekkeboom, D, Lebtahi, R, Lewington, V, Mcnicol, Am, Nilsson, O, Oberg, K, Oconnor, J, Otoole, D, Pape, Uf, Papotti, M, Perren, A, Rindi, G, Ruszniewski, P, Scarpa, A, Scheidhauer, K, Scoazec, Jy, Sundin, A, Szpak, W, Taal, B, Vitek, P, Vullierme, Mp, and Wiedenmann, B.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, medicine.medical_treatment, Dacarbazine, Antineoplastic Agents, Neuroendocrine tumors, Capecitabine, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, Medicine, Humans, In patient, Chemotherapy, Temozolomide, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Imatinib, medicine.disease, Oxaliplatin, Neuroendocrine Tumors, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors : Chemotherapy in Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors

Published
2009

6. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy with Radiolabeled Somatostatin Analogs

Author

Kwekkeboom, D. J., Krenning, E. P., Lebtahi, R., Komminoth, P., Kos-Kudla, B., De Herder, W. W., Plockinger, U., Akerstrom, G., Annibale, B., Arnold, R., Bajetta, E., Barkmanova, J., Chen, Y. -J., Costa, F., Couvelard, A., Davar, J., Delle Fave, G., Eriksson, B., Falconi, M., Ferone, D., Gross, D., Grossman, A., Gustafsson, B., Hyrdel, R., Ivan, D., Kaltsas, G., Kianmanesh, R., Kloppel, G., Knigge, U. -P., Lewington, V., Mcnicol, A. M., Mitry, E., Nilsson, O., Oberg, K., O'Connor, J., O'Toole, D., Pape, U. -F., Papotti, M., Pavel, M., Perren, A., Platania, M., Rindi, G., Ruszniewski, P., Salazar, R., Scarpa, A., Scheidhauer, K., Scoazec, J. -Y., Sundin, A., Szpak, W., Taal, B., Vitek, P., Vullierme, M. -P., Wiedenmann, B., Radiology & Nuclear Medicine, and Internal Medicine

Subjects
Peptide receptor, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Treatment outcome, 1 4 7 10 tetraacetic acid, Neuroendocrine tumors, Endocrinology, Receptors, comparative study, conference paper, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, 1 4 7 10 tetraazacyclododecane, GEPNET, Carcinoids, clinical trial, yttrium 90, peptide, unclassified drug, drug dose comparison, Somatostatin, priority journal, neuroendocrine tumor, medicine.medical_specialty, Receptors, Peptide, Radiolabeled somatostatin analogues, lutetium 177, octreother, octreotide[3 tyrosine], pentetreotide in 111, radioisotope, somatostatin derivative, cancer radiotherapy, drug dose escalation, human, multiple cycle treatment, practice guideline, treatment duration, treatment outcome, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Radioisotopes, Radiotherapy, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Guideline, Neuroendocrine Tumors, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Cancer Radiotherapy, Radionuclide therapy, business
Abstract

The purpose of this guideline is to assist physicians caring for patients with neuroendocrine tumors in considering eligibility criteria for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), and in defining the minimum requirements for PRRT. This guideline also makes recommendations on what minimal patient, tumor, and treatment outcome characteristics should be reported for PRRT in order to make comparisons between studies possible. It is not this guideline's aim to give specific recommendations on the use of specific radiolabeled somatostatin analogs for PRRT because different analogs are being used, and their availability depends on national law and local permissions. Copyright (C) 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

Published
2009

7. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: pre- and perioperative therapy in patients with neuroendocrine tumors

Author

Akerström, G., Falconi, M., Kianmanesh, R., Ruszniewski, P., Plöckinger, U., Annibale, B., Arnold, R., Bajetta, E., Barkmanova, J., Chen, Y. J., Costa, F., Couvelard, A., Davar, J., Herder, W. D., Fave, G. D., Eriksson, B., Ferone, D., Gross, D., Grossman, A., Gustafsson, B., Hyrdel, R., Ivan, D., Kaltsas, G., Klöppel, G., Knigge, U. P., Komminoth, P., Kos Kudla, B., Kwekkeboom, D., Lebtahi, R., Lewington, V., Mcnicol, A. M., Mitry, E., Nilsson, O., Öberg, K., O'Connor, J., O'Toole, D., Pape, U. F., Papotti, M., Pavel, M., Perren, A., Platania, M., Rindi, G., Salazar, R., Scarpa, Aldo, Scheidhauer, K., Scoazec, J. Y., Sundin, A., Szpak, W., Taal, B., Vitek, P., Vullierme, M. P., Wiedenmann, B., G., Akerström, Falconi, Massimo, R., Kianmanesh, P., Ruszniewski, U., Plöckinger, and Mallorca Consensus Conference, Participants

Subjects
glucagonoma, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, perioperative period, carcinoid syndrome, Haemophilus infection, somatostatin derivative, anesthesia, insulinoma, Small, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Endocrinology, Stomach Neoplasms, cancer diagnosis, Intestinal Neoplasms, Intestine, Small, Preoperative Care, Humans, electrolyte disturbance, Intestine, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Pancreas, Pancreatic Neoplasms, Postoperative Care, Stomach, human, conference paper, vipoma, gastrinoma, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, practice guideline, diazoxide, Pneumococcus vaccine, preoperative evaluation, hypoglycemia, priority journal, octreotide, neuroendocrine tumor, preoperative care
Published
2009

8. ENETS Consensus Guidelines for the Standards of Care in Neuroendocrine Tumors: follow-up and documentation

Author

Philippe Ruszniewski, Frederico Costa, Waldemar Szpak, Ola Nilsson, Göran Åkerström, Ashley B. Grossman, Günter Klöppel, Marianne Pavel, Ramon Salazar, Rachida Lebtahi, Babs Taal, Joseph Davar, Reza Kianmanesh, Anne Marie McNicol, Massimo Falconi, David J. Gross, Anne Couvelard, Dik J. Kwekkeboom, Ursula Plöckinger, Dermot O'Toole, Ulrich Frank Pape, Bruno Annibale, Emilio Bajetta, Klemens Scheidhauer, Paul Komminoth, Marie Pierre Vullierme, Yuan Jia Chen, Aldo Scarpa, Diego Ferone, Bjorn I. Gustafsson, D. Ivan, Gregory Kaltsas, Beata Kos-Kudła, Emmanuel Mitry, Jaroslava Barkmanova, Mauro Papotti, Guido Rindi, Kjell Öberg, Barbro Eriksson, Ulrich Knigge, Wouter W. de Herder, Jean-Yves Scoazec, Marco Platania, Aurel Perren, Anders Sundin, Rudolf Arnold, Val Lewington, Rudolf Hyrdel, Bertram Wiedenmann, Gianfranco Delle Fave, Juan Manuel O'Connor, Pavel Vítek, R., Arnold, Y., Chen, F., Costa, Falconi, Massimo, D., Gro, A. B., Grossman, R., Hyrdel, B., Kos Kudła, R., Salazar, U., Plöckinger, Åkerström, G., Annibale, B., Bajetta, E., Barkmanova, J., Couvelard, A., Davar, J., De Herder, W., Delle Fave, G., Eriksson, B., Ferone, D., Gustafsson, B., Ivan, D., Kaltsas, G., and Kianmanesh, R.

Subjects
Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, appendix tumor, hypophysis, Neuroendocrine tumors, insulinoma, Medical Records, Benign tumor, computer assisted tomography, Documentation, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Medical History Taking, Neoplasm Staging, Neuroendocrine Tumors, Endocrinology, benign tumor, cancer diagnosis, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, conference paper, medicine.diagnostic_test, Medical record, genetic screening, priority journal, cancer grading, cancer surgery, neuroendocrine tumor, medicine.medical_specialty, diagnostic imaging, disease classification, parathyroid gland, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, pentetreotide, endoscopic surgery, Internal medicine, tumor marker, cancer staging, echography, follow up, human, liver metastasis, medical documentation, practice guideline, tumor volume, world health organization, medicine, Insulinoma, Tumor marker, Cancer staging, Endocrine and Autonomic Systems, business.industry, Poorly differentiated, medicine.disease, Endoscopy, business, human activities
Abstract

Summary of follow-up recommendations in patients with benign and malignant neuroendocrine tumorsFollow-upyes/no endoscopy US/CT/MRI Octreoscan CgABenign insulinoma noType 1 gastric carcinoid yes yearlyRectal carcinoid no (if completely resected)Appendiceal carcinoid T1 noAppendiceal carcinoid T2 ? (see text)Resectable tumor (uncertain behavior)G1 every 6–12 months yes(gastric carc.)yes every 2 years 2 yes 1 Resectable malignant tumor with/without nodal involvementG1 every 6–12 months yes every 2 years 2 yes 1 G2 every 6 months yes yearly 2 yes 1 G3 every 3 months yes yearly 2 yes 3 Non-resectable malignant tumor with/without nodal involvement and/or liver and other metastasesG1 every 6–12 months yes every 2 years 2 yesG2 every 6 months yes yearly 2 yesG3 every 3 months yes yearly 2 yes 31 Only in the presence of a visible tumor. 2 Recommendations regarding the time frames of Octreoscan should be adjusted to the individual situation. 3 In poorly differentiated tumors and negative CgA NSE may act as a suitable marker.

Published
2016

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