Author: "Cordeiro Da Silva, A." / Topic: humans - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Physical Activity and Multimorbidity Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis

Author: Felipe Mendes Delpino, Ana Paula Maciel de Lima, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Bruno Pereira Nunes, Eduardo Lucia Caputo, and Renata Moraes Bielemann
Subjects: Male, Health (social science), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Multimorbidity, Independent Living, Exercise, Aged
Abstract: Objective This study evaluated the relationship between physical activity (PA) and multimorbidity in community-dwelling older adults. Data Source A systematic review and meta-analysis in the following databases: Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Web of Science, Scopus, and AgeLine. Study inclusion and Exclusion Criteria It included observational studies investigating the association between physical activity and multimorbidity, with older adults, published until May 2021. Studies with institutionalized individuals or that assessed specific diseases were excluded. Data Extraction Two reviewers independently extracted the studies based on previous inclusion and exclusion criteria, started by selecting titles, followed by abstracts and full-text reading. Data Synthesis Meta-analysis results were reported as Odds Ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval using R language. The Newcastle Ottawa scale was used to assess the quality of the studies. Results Fifteen studies were included in the systematic review, from which 12 reported an inverse association between physical activity and multimorbidity. In the meta-analysis, from over 77 000 older adults, there was an inverse association between physical activity and multimorbidity [OR: .81; 95% CI: .73-.89]. We found significant results only for men in the analysis by sex. Conclusions Low levels of physical activity were associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity in older adults. It is expected that public policies will be conducted aimed at the practice of physical activity among older adults.
Published: 2022

2. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and children's mental health at age 22 years: Results of a birth cohort study

Author: Mariana Lima Corrêa, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Bernardo L. Horta, Helen Gonçalves, Fernando Barros, and Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
Subjects: Adult, Male, Smoking, Mothers, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Mental Health, Pregnancy, Humans, Birth Cohort, Female, Child
Abstract: Early exposures such as maternal smoking can be associated mental disorders. We aimed to analyze the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), and depression in the 1993 birth cohort (Pelotas, Brazil).Data on maternal smoking were collected in the perinatal study, while information on GAD and depression was collected at age 22 years using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). Information on maternal mental health, the mediator, was collected at the 11-year follow-up. Simple and multiple logistic regressions were used to assess the association between exposure, outcomes, and analysis of negative controls.3,781 participants presented complete data. The incidence of GAD was 10.4%, depression 2.9%, and smoking during pregnancy 32.6%. The children of mothers who smoked had a 45% higher chance of developing GAD at age 22 years (OR 1.45; 95%CI 1.18; 1.80) and 75% higher chance of depression (OR 1.75; 95%CI 1.18; 2.59). Also, the higher the number of cigarettes smoked. the higher was the chance for the development of GAD. Paternal smoking was not associated with the outcomes. The mother's mental health accounted for 18.2% of the association between maternal smoking and GAD, and for 13.4% for maternal smoking and depression.Data for smoking during pregnancy were collected through a self-report. Residual confusion due to important variables cannot be ruled out.MSDP was associated with the mental health of children in early adulthood. However, a small part of the effect found was mediated by the mother's mental health.
Published: 2022

3. Access to dental care for patients with inherited bleeding and hemoglobin disorders

Author: Carolina Mendes Frusca do Monte, Leandro Tavares da Silva, Victor Cordeiro da Silva, Gabriela Silva Almeida, Claudia Santos Lorenzato, José Vitor Nogara Borges Menezes, Fabian Calixto Fraiz, and Cassius Carvalho Torres‐Pereira
Subjects: Hemoglobins, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Dental Care, General Dentistry, Aged
Abstract: To identify the main barriers to dental care access for patients with inherited bleeding (IBD) and hemoglobin disorders (HbD).Patients with IBD and HbD were invited to participate in this study between August 2019 and March 2020. Data were collected through a questionnaire consisting of socioeconomic and demographic items and questions about access to dental services and history of dental treatment. Univariate and multiple Poisson regression model was used to determine associations between professional refusal of dental care and other co-variables (p .05).The participants (29.1%) have already had professional refusal of dental care and participants with IBD (53.2%) did not feel confident with their local dentist due to their bleeding tendency. Most (64.6%) felt apprehensive about visiting the local dentist and high prevalence of refusal to provide dental care was associated with age (prevalence ratio [PR] = 1.021; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.010-1.032). Individuals with low bleeding risk were less likely to be denied dental care by a professional compared to those with high bleeding risk (PR = 0.536; 95%CI = 0.291-0.990).Professional refusal of dental care was high among patients with IBD, particularly older adults and with an increased risk of bleeding.
Published: 2022

4. Ultra-processed food and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies

Author: Felipe Mendes Delpino, Lílian Munhoz Figueiredo, Renata Moraes Bielemann, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Francine Silva dos Santos, Gicele Costa Mintem, Thaynã Ramos Flores, Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio, and Bruno Pereira Nunes
Subjects: Risk, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Epidemiology, Fast Foods, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, General Medicine, ESTUDOS LONGITUDINAIS, Diet
Abstract: Background The consumption of some food groups is associated with the risk of diabetes. However, there is no evidence from meta-analysis which evaluates the consumption of ultra-processed products in the risk of diabetes. This study aimed to review the literature assessing longitudinally the association between consumption of ultra-processed food and the risk of type 2 diabetes and to quantify this risk through a meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis with records from PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Scielo, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science. We included longitudinal studies assessing ultra-processed foods and the risk of type 2 diabetes. The review process was conducted independently by two reviewers. The Newcastle Ottawa scale assessed the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effect of moderate and high consumption of ultra-processed food on the risk of diabetes. Results In total 2272 records were screened, of which 18 studies, including almost 1.1 million individuals, were included in this review and 72% showed a positive association between ultra-processed foods and the risk of diabetes. According to the studies included in the meta-analysis, compared with non-consumption, moderate intake of ultra-processed food increased the risk of diabetes by 12% [relative risk (RR): 1.12; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06–1.17, I2 = 24%], whereas high intake increased risk by 31% (RR: 1.31; 95% CI: 1.21–1.42, I2 = 60%). Conclusions The consumption of ultra-processed foods increased the risk for type 2 diabetes as dose-response effect, with moderate to high credibility of evidence.
Published: 2021

5. Atividade física em coortes de nascimento de três cidades brasileiras (Ribeirão Preto, Pelotas e São Luís): estudo transversal

Author: Susana Cararo Confortin, Paulo Ricardo Higassiaraguti Rocha, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Ana Maria Baptista Menezes, Bernardo Lessa Horta, Helen Gonçalves, Heloisa Bettiol, Marco Antonio Barbieri, Maria da Conceição Pereira Saraiva, Maria Teresa Seabra Soares de Britto e Alves, Rosângela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Viviane Cunha Cardoso, Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva, and Antônio Augusto Moura da Silva
Subjects: Adult, Male, Questionnaires, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Physical activity, Atividade física, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Estudos de coortes, General Medicine, Descriptive epidemiology, Cohort Studies, Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Acelerometria, Accelerometry, Humans, Cohort studies, Epidemiologia descritiva, Birth Cohort, Cities, Exercise, Questionário, Brazil
Abstract: Objective: To describe the prevalence of physical activity among subjects from birth cohorts of three cities located in different regions of Brazil according to sociodemographic characteristics and sex, comparing the relationships within and between cohorts. Methods: Cross-sectional study involving 12,724 adolescents and young adults who participated in five birth cohorts: Ribeirão Preto [1978/79 (37/39 years old in 2016) and 1994 (22 years in 2016)]; Pelotas [1982 (30 years in 2012) and 1993 (22 years in 2015)], and São Luís [1997/98 (18/19 years in 2016)]. Leisure-time physical activity was evaluated with questionnaires (insufficiently active
Published: 2022

6. Associations between Device-measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in the Transition to Early Adulthood

Author: Ana Maria Menezes, Helen Gonçalves, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Ulf Ekelund, Inácio Crochemore-Silva, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Wendy J. Brown, and Gregore I. Mielke
Subjects: Blood Glucose, Male, Change over time, Adolescent, Physical activity, Blood Pressure, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Fitness Trackers, Young Adult, Accelerometry, Early adulthood, Body Fat Distribution, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Prospective Studies, Exercise, Triglycerides, Lipoprotein cholesterol, business.industry, Cholesterol, HDL, Triaxial accelerometer, Confidence interval, Cross-Sectional Studies, Blood pressure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Female, Sedentary Behavior, Birth cohort, business, human activities, Demography
Abstract: Purposes: The aims of this study were to investigate the cross-sectional and prospective associations between accelerometer-measured physical activity and cardiometabolic health in the transition to adulthood. Methods: Data from the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort were analyzed (n = 2280). Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) (measured using a triaxial accelerometer) and cardiometabolic health (total fat mass, blood glucose, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and mean resting blood pressure) were examined at age 18 and 22 yr. Results: Overall, inverse dose–response associations between MVPA and cardiometabolic health at age 18 and 22 yr were observed in cross-sectional analyses of data from men and women. Prospective analyses showed that, in general, MVPA declined, and cardiometabolic health worsened in this 4-yr period in both men and women. Cardiometabolic health at age 22 yr reflected both MVPA at age 18 yr (β, −0.007; 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.014 to 0.000) and changes in MVPA from 18 to 22 yr (β, −0.030; 95% CI, −0.043 to −0.016) in men, but only changes in MVPA in women (β, −0.035; 95% CI, −0.058 to −0.011). In analyses of change over time, men who improved MVPA by 20 to 30 min·d−1 showed significant improvements in cardiometabolic health over 4 yr. The magnitude of association was slightly stronger for MVPA in 10-min bouts than for MVPA accumulated in bouts of 1 min, especially in women. Conclusions: Moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity is an important predictor of cardiometabolic health in early adulthood. Strategies to prevent declines in MVPA at this life stage are required to prevent deteriorating cardiometabolic health profiles. Associations between Device-measured Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Health in the Transition to Early Adulthood
Published: 2021

7. Omega-3 supplementation and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Lílian Munhoz Figueiredo, Denise Petrucci Gigante, Gicele Costa Mintem, Taiciane Gonçalves da Silva, Felipe Mendes Delpino, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, and Renata Moraes Bielemann
Subjects: Blood Glucose, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, Bioinformatics, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Insulin resistance, Diabetes mellitus, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, Diabetes Mellitus, medicine, Humans, Glycated Hemoglobin, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, medicine.disease, 040401 food science, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, chemistry, Meta-analysis, Dietary Supplements, Glycated hemoglobin, Insulin Resistance, business, Food Science
Abstract: This study aimed to review the literature on studies that evaluated the effects of omega-3 supplementation on parameters of diabetes in humans. An online search was conducted in the following databases: Pubmed, LILACS, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. It included experimental studies that investigated the effects of omega-3 supplementation for diabetes treatment or prevention and its relationship with fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin. Observational, non-human studies and non-randomized clinical trials were excluded. The Cochrane scale assessed the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of omega-3 on fasting blood glucose, insulin resistance, and glycated hemoglobin. Thirty studies were included in the review. Almost 70% (n = 20) demonstrated at least one significant effect of the omega-3 supplementation related to diabetes. In the meta-analysis, there was a significant effect on the reduction of fasting blood glucose [SMD: -0.48; CI95%: -0.76, -0.19
Published: 2021

8. Global, regional, and national trends and patterns in physical activity research since 1950: a systematic review

Author: Selina Khoo, Maria Catalina del Portillo, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Andrea Ramirez Varela, Alice Mannocci, Ding Ding, Eugen Resendiz, Deborah Salvo, Michael Pratt, Cauane Blumenberg, Shana Ginar da Silva, Kar Hau Chong, Pedro C. Hallal, Gloria Isabel Niño Cruz, Rafaela Costa Martins, Marcelo Cozzensa da Silva, and Luciana Zaranza Monteiro
Subjects: Male, Aging, and promotion of well-being, Databases, Factual, Epidemiology, Health Behavior, Medicine (miscellaneous), Distribution (economics), Review, Cardiovascular, Global Health, Medical and Health Sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, Socioeconomics, lcsh:RC620-627, Cancer, Public health, Nutrition and Dietetics, Surveillance, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Middle Aged, Europe, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Geography, Research Design, Population Surveillance, Income, Female, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Scopus, Physical activity, Behavioural sciences, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Motor Activity, Basic Behavioral and Social Science, Education, Databases, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, Behavioral and Social Science, medicine, Humans, Developing Countries, Exercise, Poverty, Productivity, Factual, Metabolic and endocrine, Publishing, Equity (economics), business.industry, Prevention, Developed Countries, Research, Correction, lcsh:RA1-1270, 030229 sport sciences, Prevention of disease and conditions, Good Health and Well Being, Socioeconomic Factors, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Self Report, Sedentary Behavior, business
Abstract: Background National, regional and global scientific production and research capacity for physical activity - PA may contribute to improving public health PA policies and programs. There is an uneven distribution of research productivity by region and country income group, where countries with the highest burden of non-communicable diseases attributable to physical inactivity having low research productivity. A first step towards improving global research capacity is to objectively quantify patterns, trends, and gaps in PA research. This study describes national, regional and global trends and patterns of PA research from 1950 to 2019. Methods A systematic review using searches in PubMed, SCOPUS and ISI Web of Knowledge databases was conducted in August 2017 and updated between January and May 2020. The review was registered at the PROSPERO database number CRD42017070153. PA publications per 100,000 inhabitants per country was the main variable of interest. Descriptive and time-trend analyses were conducted in STATA version 16.0. Results The search retrieved 555,468 articles of which 75,756 were duplicates, leaving 479,712 eligible articles. After reviewing inclusion and exclusion criteria, 23,860 were eligible for data extraction. Eighty-one percent of countries (n = 176) had at least one PA publication. The overall worldwide publication rate in the PA field was 0.46 articles per 100,000 inhabitants. Europe had the highest rate (1.44 articles per 100,000 inhabitants) and South East Asia had the lowest (0.04 articles per 100,000 inhabitants). A more than a 50-fold difference in publications per 100,000 inhabitants was identified between high and low-income countries. The least productive and poorest regions have rates resembling previous decades of the most productive and the richest. Conclusion This study showed an increasing number of publications over the last 60 years with a growing number of disciplines and research methods over time. However, striking inequities were revealed and the knowledge gap across geographic regions and by country income groups was substantial over time. The need for regular global surveillance of PA research, particularly in countries with the largest data gaps is clear. A focus on the public health impact and global equity of research will be an important contribution to making the world more active.
Published: 2021

9. Sensory and motor responses after photobiomodulation associated with physiotherapy in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury: clinical, randomized trial

Author: Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Paulo Roberto da Costa Palácio, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva, Andréa Oliver Gomes, Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves, Lucas Andreo, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Lara Jansiski Motta, Fernanda Cordeiro da Silva, and Tamiris Silva
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Sensation, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Sensory system, Dermatology, Motor Activity, law.invention, Young Adult, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Quality of life, law, Statistical significance, medicine, Humans, In patient, Low-Level Light Therapy, Spinal cord injury, Physical Therapy Modalities, Spinal Cord Injuries, Motor skill, Rehabilitation, business.industry, fungi, Recovery of Function, 030206 dentistry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Quality of Life, Physical therapy, Female, Surgery, business, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Complete or incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) results in permanent neurological deficits due to the interruption of nerve impulses, causing the loss of motor and sensory function, which leads to a reduction in quality of life. The focus of rehabilitation for such individuals is to improve quality of life and promote functional recovery. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has proved to be promising complementary treatment in cases of SCI. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of PBM combined with physiotherapy on sensory-motor responses below the level of the injury and quality of life in individuals with SCI. Thirty participants were randomized for allocation to the PBM group (active PBM + physiotherapy) or sham group (sham PBM + physiotherapy). Physiotherapy was administered three times a week. Sensitivity and motor skills were evaluated using the ASIA impairment scale. Quality of life was assessed using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The data were analyzed with the level of significance set to 5%. Improvements in sensitivity and an increase in the perception of muscle contraction were found in the active PBM group 30 days after treatment compared with the sham group. The results of the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire revealed a significant difference in general quality of life favoring the active PBM group over the sham group after treatment. Physiotherapy combined with PBM leads to better sensory-motor recovery in patients with SCI as well as a better perception of health and quality of life. Trial registration identifier: NCT 03031223
Published: 2020

10. Antileishmanial Drugs Modulate IL-12 Expression and Inflammasome Activation in Primary Human Cells

Author: Jérôme Estaquier, Sonia André, Jane MacDougall, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Mireille Laforge, Sarah Pemberton, Yasmina Fortier, Vasco Rodrigues, Biosynthèse des Signaux Peptidiques [IBPS] (IBPS-BIOSIPE), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Parasite Disease Group, Universidade do Porto-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC)-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Toxicité environnementale, cibles thérapeutiques, signalisation cellulaire (T3S - UMR_S 1124), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade do Porto, and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)
Subjects: CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Inflammasomes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], T cell, Immunology, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Pharmacology, Monocytes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Cytotoxic T cell, Secretion, Leishmaniasis, Cells, Cultured, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cell Proliferation, Leishmania, Miltefosine, Antiparasitic Agents, Chemistry, Inflammasome, Interleukin-12, Interleukin-10, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Interleukin 12, Cytokines, Signal Transduction, 030215 immunology, Pentamidine, medicine.drug
Abstract: Leishmaniases are neglected tropical diseases. The treatment of leishmaniasis relies exclusively on chemotherapy including amphotericin B (AmB), miltefosine (hexadecylphosphocholine), and pentamidine. Besides the fact that these molecules are harmful for patients, little is known about the impact of such antileishmanial drugs on primary human cells in relation to immune function. The present study demonstrates that all antileishmanial drugs inhibit CD4 and CD8 T cell proliferation at the doses that are not related to increased cell death. Our results highlight that antileishmanial drugs have an impact on monocytes by altering the expression of IL-12 induced by LPS, whereas only AmB induced IL-10 secretion; both cytokines are essential in regulating Th1 cell–mediated immunity. Interestingly, IL-12 and anti–IL-10 Abs improved T cell proliferation inhibited by AmB. Furthermore, our results show that in contrast to hexadecylphosphocholine and pentamidine, AmB induced gene expression of the inflammasome pathway. Thus, AmB induced IL-1β and IL-18 secretions, which are reduced by specific inhibitors of caspase activation (Q-VD) and NLRP3 activation (MCC950). Our results reveal previously underestimated effects of antileishmanial drugs on primary human cells.
Published: 2020

11. Characterization of adolescent sexual practices

Author: Nathalia Santarato, Nayara Gonçalves Barbosa, Anderson Lima Cordeiro da Silva, Juliana Cristina dos Santos Monteiro, and Flávia Azevedo Gomes-Sponholz
Subjects: Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Substance-Related Disorders, Sexual Behavior, Humans, Female, Brazil
Abstract: to characterize adolescents' sexual practices and their association with sociodemographic variables, sources of information and behavioral habits.a descriptive, observational, cross-sectional study conducted with 85 adolescents from public elementary and high schools in a city in the state of São Paulo. Data were collected through a structured, self-administered and anonymous questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using the χ2 test and Fisher's test.21.2% had started their sexual life through oral sex, with a predominance of females (94.4%), self-reported brown color (55.0%). The practice of vaginal sex was reported in 31.8%, with a mean age of initiation at 14.5 years. The female sex was predominant (77.0%), with a self-reported brown color (40.0%). The practice of anal sex was detected in 7.1%, with a mean age of 14.4 years, prevalent in females (83.3%), with a self-reported black color (50.0%). There was an association of alcohol, drugs and tobacco use with sexual practices (p0.05).a diversity of sexual practices associated with substance use was detected, emphasizing the importance of the nurse's role in planning and carrying out health education interventions with adolescents and families.(1) Analysis of the sequence and time of initiation of sexual practices, demonstrating the diversity of sexual activities performed by adolescents. (2) Family context and low openness to dialogue and its correlation with the initiation of adolescent sexual practices. (3) Behavioral habits: association of alcohol, tobacco and drug consumption by adolescents with sexual activities.caracterizar as práticas sexuais dos adolescentes e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, fontes de informações e hábitos comportamentais.estudo descritivo observacional, transversal, conduzido com 85 adolescentes de escolas públicas de ensino fundamental e médio de um município do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário estruturado, autoaplicável e anônimo. A análise estatística realizada foi o teste do χ2 e teste de Fisher.a iniciação da vida sexual foi de 21,2% através do sexo oral, com predominância o sexo feminino (94,4%), cor autorreferida parda (55,0%). A prática do sexo vaginal foi relatada em 31,8%, com idade média de iniciação aos 14,5 anos. O sexo feminino foi predominante (77,0%), com cor autorreferida parda (40,0%). A prática de sexo anal foi detectada em 7,1%, com média de idade aos 14,4 anos, prevalente no sexo feminino (83,3%), com cor autorreferida preta (50,0%). Ocorreu a associação entre o uso de álcool, drogas e tabaco com as práticas sexuais (p0,05).detectou-se uma diversidade de práticas sexuais, associadas ao uso de substâncias, enfatizando a importância do papel do enfermeiro no planejamento e realização de intervenções de educação em saúde com os adolescentes e famílias.(1) Análise da sequência e tempo de iniciação de práticas sexuais, demonstrando a diversidade de atividades sexuais realizadas por adolescentes. (2) Contexto familiar e baixa abertura para o diálogo e sua correlação com a iniciação das práticas sexuais dos adolescentes. (3) Hábitos comportamentais: associação do consumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas por adolescentes com atividades sexuais.caracterizar las relaciones sexuales de los adolescentes y su relación con las variables sociodemográficas, fuentes de información y hábitos de comportamiento.estudio descriptivo, observacional y transversal, realizado con 85 adolescentes de escuelas primarias y secundarias públicas de un municipio del estado de São Paulo. Los datos fueron recolectados a través de un cuestionario estructurado, autoadministrado y anónimo. El análisis estadístico se realizó mediante la prueba de χ2 y la prueba de Fisher.el 21,2 % inició su vida sexual a través del sexo oral, con predominio del sexo femenino (94,4 %), y siendo autodeclarados pardos (55,0 %). Las relaciones sexuales con penetración vaginal fueron reportada en 31,8% y con una edad media de inicio de 14,5 años. Predominó el sexo femenino (77,0%) y siendo autodeclaradas pardas (40,0%). La práctica de sexo anal se detectó en el 7,1%, con una edad media de 14,4 años, prevaleciendo el sexo femenino (83,3%) y siendo autodeclarados negros (50,0%). Hubo correspondencia entre el uso de alcohol, drogas y tabaco con las relaciones sexuales (p0,05).se detectó una diversidad de relaciones sexuales asociadas al uso de sustancias psicoactivas, destacando la importancia del papel del enfermero en la planificación y realización de reuniones conjuntas sobre educación sanitaria con adolescentes y familias.
Published: 2022

12. Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight

Author: Maryam Sharafkhah, Emanuel Zitt, Majid Ezzati, Luxia Zhang, Young-Ho Khang, Ellina Rakhimova, Kairit Mikkel, Tiina Vlasoff, Eruke E. Egbagbe, Sidsel Graff-Iversen, Ilona Nenko, Magdalena Klimek, Mathilde Savy, Sanjib Kumar Sharma, Alfonso Siani, Luís Lopes, Vanina Bongard, Gregor Jurak, Jacqueline F. Price, Christina-Paulina Lambrinou, Maria Lc Iurilli, Rainford J. Wilks, Bontha V. Babu, Fereidoun Azizi, Harunobu Nakamura, Marialaura Bonaccio, Angela Döring, Zhenyu Zhang, Naser Ahmadi, Jolanta Słowikowska-Hilczer, Ana Paula Carlos Cândido, Clive Osmond, Thirunavukkarasu Sathish, Robert J. Adams, Themistoklis Tzotzas, Reina Engle-Stone, Atul Trivedi, Shoichiro Tsugane, Niels Møller, Jorge Bezerra, Dénes Molnár, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd Yusoff, Badreya Al-Lahou, J. Jaime Miranda, Bahram Mohajer, Sigmund A. Anderssen, Lital Keinan Boker, Eero Kajantie, Martin Gulliford, Maties Torrent, Sumit Bharadwaj, Toshiharu Ninomiya, Zbigniew Gaciong, Nayu Ikeda, Li Juan Wu, Adrian Richter, Licia Iacoviello, Marc J. Gunter, Wenbin Wei, Norsyamlina Che Abdul Rahim, Eman Aly, Ambady Ramachandran, Nils Lehmann, Soile E. Puhakka, Giovanni Veronesi, Hongsheng Bi, Eiji Oda, Jia Li Duan, Per Tynelius, José María Huerta, Janne Schurmann Tolstrup, Rodrigo M. Carrillo-Larco, Rosangela Fernandes Lucena Batista, Victoria E Soto-Rojas, Hanno Ulmer, Shukri F. Mohamed, Anthony Kafatos, Suyeon Park, Mohsen Ibrahim, Hamed Pouraram, Bin Zhou, May Soe Aung, Lars Bo Andersen, Erfan Ghasemi, René Charles Sylva, Himanshu K. Chaturvedi, Luc Dauchet, Ahmad Ali Zainuddin, Angela Chetrit, Dan Zhu, Valérie Deschamps, Ko Ko Zaw, Peter Vollenweider, Tomas Vega, Yves Martin-Prével, Mahfuzar Rahman, Dorja Vočanec, Roman Topor-Madry, Vinay Nangia, Herculina S. Kruger, Asher Fawwad, Emily Sonestedt, Elena Pahomova, Aleksander Giwercman, Elżbieta Dziankowska-Zaborszczyk, Cecilia Björkelund, Tatjana Hejgaard, Maria Puiu, Maria Benedetta Donati, Andrew Wong, Carlos P. Boissonnet, Santosh K. Bhargava, Patrick Kolsteren, Dermot O'Reilly, Bahareh Kheiri, Wolfgang Kratzer, Susanne R. de Rooij, H. Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita, Günther Fink, José R. Banegas, Michele Monroy-Valle, Drude Molbo, Mahmudur Rahman, Hynek Pikhart, Rafael N. Pichardo, Massimo Salvetti, Hui Cai, Sarah Filippi, Georg Posch, Hung-Kwan So, Yonghua Hu, Katsuyasu Kouda, Joana Carvalho, Gailute Bernotiene, Hannu Uusitalo, Thein Thein Htay, Felix Kaducu, Maigeng Zhou, Lars Ängquist, Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran, Charles Lunogelo, Michel Joffres, Sabina Zambon, Ronald D. 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Magliano, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Konstantinos Gkiouras, Paola Nardone, Alberto Barceló, Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen, Francesco Gianfagna, Stefania Maggi, Mohammad Hossein Somi, Behrooz Hamzeh, Miquel Porta, Vesna Jureša, Alexander D. Deev, David Faeh, Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz, Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi, Ian Hambleton, Stefan Savin, Andre Pascal Kengne, R. Krishna Kumar, Kurt Widhalm, Marco M Ferrario, Parisa Amiri, Anjani Kumar Jha, Thamara Hubler Figueiró, Jana Kratenova, Claudia M. Hormiga, Maria Tsigga, Zivka Dika, Indrapal I. Meshram, Ei Ei K. Nang, Ian Rouse, Rusidah Selamat, Paul Korrovits, Grethe S. Tell, Julie Taylor, Anabela Mota-Pinto, Paolo Vineis, Kotsedi D Monyeki, Khuong Quynh Long, Frank J Rühli, Shelly R. McFarlane, Sara Santos Sanz, Edyta Łuszczki, Maria G. Stathopoulou, Tara Coppinger, Karin De Ridder, Lucie Viet, Anna Bugge, Mehdi Yaseri, Safiah Md Yusof, Sandra C. 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Liu , J Jaime Miranda , Olfa Saidi , Sylvain Sebert , Maroje Sorić , Gregor Starc , Edward W Gregg , Leandra Abarca-Gómez , Ziad A Abdeen , Shynar Abdrakhmanova , Suhaila Abdul Ghaffar , Hanan F Abdul Rahim , Niveen M Abu-Rmeileh , Jamila Abubakar Garba , Benjamin Acosta-Cazares , Robert J Adams , Wichai Aekplakorn , Kaosar Afsana , Shoaib Afzal , Imelda A Agdeppa , Javad Aghazadeh-Attari , Carlos A Aguilar-Salinas , Charles Agyemang , Mohamad Hasnan Ahmad , Noor Ani Ahmad , Ali Ahmadi , Naser Ahmadi , Soheir H Ahmed , Wolfgang Ahrens , Gulmira Aitmurzaeva , Kamel Ajlouni , Hazzaa M Al-Hazzaa , Badreya Al-Lahou , Rajaa Al-Raddadi , Monira Alarouj , Fadia AlBuhairan , Shahla AlDhukair , Mohamed M Ali , Abdullah Alkandari , Ala'a Alkerwi , Kristine Allin , Mar Alvarez-Pedrerol , Eman Aly , Deepak N Amarapurkar , Parisa Amiri , Norbert Amougou , Philippe Amouyel , Lars Bo Andersen , Sigmund A Anderssen , Lars Ängquist , Ranjit Mohan Anjana , Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam , Hajer Aounallah-Skhiri , Joana Araújo , Inger Ariansen , Tahir Aris , Raphael E Arku , Nimmathota Arlappa , Krishna K Aryal , Thor Aspelund , Felix K Assah , Maria Cecília F Assunção , May Soe Aung , Juha Auvinen , Mária Avdicová , Shina Avi , Ana Azevedo , Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad , Fereidoun Azizi , Mehrdad Azmin , Bontha V Babu , Maja Bæksgaard Jørgensen , Azli Baharudin , Suhad Bahijri , Jennifer L Baker , Nagalla Balakrishna , Mohamed Bamoshmoosh , Maciej Banach , Piotr Bandosz , José R Banegas , Joanna Baran , Barbagallo CM, Alberto Barceló , Amina Barkat , Aluisio Jd Barros , Mauro Virgílio Gomes Barros , Abdul Basit , Joao Luiz D Bastos , Iqbal Bata , Anwar M Batieha , Rosangela L Batista , Zhamilya Battakova , Assembekov Batyrbek , Louise A Baur , Robert Beaglehole , Silvia Bel-Serrat , Antonisamy Belavendra , Habiba Ben Romdhane , Judith Benedics , Mikhail Benet , Ingunn Holden Bergh , Salim Berkinbayev , Antonio Bernabe-Ortiz , Gailute Bernotiene , Heloísa Bettiol , Jorge Bezerra , Aroor Bhagyalaxmi , Sumit Bharadwaj , Santosh K Bhargava , Zulfiqar A Bhutta , Hongsheng Bi , Yufang Bi , Daniel Bia , Elysée Claude Bika Lele, Mukharram M Bikbov , Bihungum Bista , Dusko J Bjelica , Peter Bjerregaard , Espen Bjertness , Marius B Bjertness , Cecilia Björkelund , Katia V Bloch , Anneke Blokstra , Simona Bo , Martin Bobak , Lynne M Boddy , Bernhard O Boehm , Heiner Boeing , Jose G Boggia , Elena Bogova , Carlos P Boissonnet , Stig E Bojesen , Marialaura Bonaccio , Vanina Bongard , Alice Bonilla-Vargas , Matthias Bopp , Herman Borghs , Lien Braeckevelt , Lutgart Braeckman , Marjolijn Ce Bragt , Imperia Brajkovich , Francesco Branca , Juergen Breckenkamp , João Breda , Hermann Brenner , Lizzy M Brewster , Garry R Brian , Lacramioara Brinduse , Sinead Brophy , Graziella Bruno , H Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita , Anna Bugge , Marta Buoncristiano , Genc Burazeri , Con Burns , Antonio Cabrera de León , Joseph Cacciottolo , Hui Cai , Tilema Cama , Christine Cameron , José Camolas , 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Cottel , Chris Cowell , Cora L Craig , Amelia C Crampin , Ana B Crujeiras , Semánová Csilla , Alexandra M Cucu , Liufu Cui , Felipe V Cureau , Ewelina Czenczek-Lewandowska , Graziella D'Arrigo , Eleonora d'Orsi , Liliana Dacica , María Ángeles Dal Re Saavedra , Jean Dallongeville , Camilla T Damsgaard , Rachel Dankner , Thomas M Dantoft , Parasmani Dasgupta , Saeed Dastgiri , Luc Dauchet , Kairat Davletov , Guy De Backer , Dirk De Bacquer , Giovanni de Gaetano , Stefaan De Henauw , Paula Duarte de Oliveira , David De Ridder , Karin De Ridder , Susanne R de Rooij , Delphine De Smedt , Mohan Deepa , Alexander D Deev , Vincent Jr DeGennaro , Abbas Dehghan , Hélène Delisle , Francis Delpeuch , Stefaan Demarest , Elaine Dennison , Katarzyna Dereń , Valérie Deschamps , Meghnath Dhimal , Augusto F Di Castelnuovo , Juvenal Soares Dias-da-Costa , María Elena Díaz-Sánchez , Alejandro Diaz , Zivka Dika , Shirin Djalalinia , Visnja Djordjic , Ha Tp Do , Annette J Dobson , Maria Benedetta Donati , 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, Daniel Fernández-Bergés , Daniel Ferrante , Thomas Ferrao , Marika Ferrari , Marco M Ferrario , Catterina Ferreccio , Eldridge Ferrer , Jean Ferrieres , Thamara Hubler Figueiró , Anna Fijalkowska , Günther Fink , Krista Fischer , Leng Huat Foo , Maria Forsner , Heba M Fouad , Damian K Francis , Maria do Carmo Franco , Ruth Frikke-Schmidt , Guillermo Frontera , Flavio D Fuchs , Sandra C Fuchs , Isti I Fujiati , Yuki Fujita , Matsuda Fumihiko , Takuro Furusawa , Zbigniew Gaciong , Mihai Gafencu , Andrzej Galbarczyk , Henrike Galenkamp , Daniela Galeone , Myriam Galfo , Fabio Galvano , Jingli Gao , Manoli Garcia-de-la-Hera , Marta García-Solano , Dickman Gareta , Sarah P Garnett , Jean-Michel Gaspoz , Magda Gasull , Adroaldo Cesar Araujo Gaya , Anelise Reis Gaya , Andrea Gazzinelli , Ulrike Gehring , Harald Geiger , Johanna M Geleijnse , Ali Ghanbari , Erfan Ghasemi , Oana-Florentina Gheorghe-Fronea , Simona Giampaoli , Francesco Gianfagna , Tiffany K Gill , Jonathan Giovannelli , Glen 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, Zhanna Kalmatayeva , Ofra Kalter-Leibovici , Yves Kameli , Freja B Kampmann , Kodanda R Kanala , Srinivasan Kannan , Efthymios Kapantais , Argyro Karakosta , Line L Kårhus , Khem B Karki , Marzieh Katibeh , Joanne Katz , Peter T Katzmarzyk , Jussi Kauhanen , Prabhdeep Kaur , Maryam Kavousi , Gyulli M Kazakbaeva , Ulrich Keil , Lital Keinan Boker , Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi , Roya Kelishadi , Cecily Kelleher , Han Cg Kemper , Andre P Kengne , Maryam Keramati , Alina Kerimkulova , Mathilde Kersting , Timothy Key , Yousef Saleh Khader , Davood Khalili , Kay-Tee Khaw , Bahareh Kheiri , Motahareh Kheradmand , Alireza Khosravi , Ilse Msl Khouw , Ursula Kiechl-Kohlendorfer , Stefan Kiechl , Japhet Killewo , Dong Wook Kim , Hyeon Chang Kim , Jeongseon Kim , Jenny M Kindblom , Heidi Klakk , Magdalena Klimek , Jeannette Klimont , Jurate Klumbiene , Michael Knoflach , Bhawesh Koirala , Elin Kolle , Patrick Kolsteren , Jürgen König , Raija Korpelainen , Paul Korrovits , Magdalena Korzycka , 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Morteza Shamshirgaran , Coimbatore Subramaniam Shanthirani , Maryam Sharafkhah , Sanjib K Sharma , Jonathan E Shaw , Amaneh Shayanrad , Ali Akbar Shayesteh , Lela Shengelia , Zumin Shi , Kenji Shibuya , Hana Shimizu-Furusawa , Dong Wook Shin , Majid Shirani , Rahman Shiri , Namuna Shrestha , Khairil Si-Ramlee , Alfonso Siani , Rosalynn Siantar , Abla M Sibai , Antonio M Silva , Diego Augusto Santos Silva , Mary Simon , Judith Simons , Leon A Simons , Agneta Sjöberg , Michael Sjöström , Gry Skodje , Jolanta Slowikowska-Hilczer , Przemyslaw Slusarczyk , Liam Smeeth , Hung-Kwan So , Fernanda Cunha Soares , Grzegorz Sobek , Eugène Sobngwi , Morten Sodemann , Stefan Söderberg , Moesijanti Ye Soekatri , Agustinus Soemantri , Reecha Sofat , Vincenzo Solfrizzi , Mohammad Hossein Somi , Emily Sonestedt , Yi Song , Thorkild Ia Sørensen , Elin P Sørgjerd , Charles Sossa Jérome , Victoria E Soto-Rojas , Aïcha Soumaré , Slavica Sovic , Bente Sparboe-Nilsen , Karen Sparrenberger , Angela Spinelli , Igor Spiroski , Jan A Staessen , Hanspeter Stamm , Maria G Stathopoulou , Kaspar Staub , Bill Stavreski , Jostein Steene-Johannessen , Peter Stehle , Aryeh D Stein , George S Stergiou , Jochanan Stessman , Ranko Stevanovic , Jutta Stieber , Doris Stöckl , Tanja Stocks , Jakub Stokwiszewski , Ekaterina Stoyanova , Gareth Stratton , Karien Stronks , Maria Wany Strufaldi , Lela Sturua , Ramón Suárez-Medina , Machi Suka , Chien-An Sun , Johan Sundström , Yn-Tz Sung , Jordi Sunyer , Paibul Suriyawongpaisal , Boyd A Swinburn , Rody G Sy , Holly E Syddall , René Charles Sylva , Moyses Szklo , Lucjan Szponar , E Shyong Tai , Mari-Liis Tammesoo , Abdonas Tamosiunas , Eng Joo Tan , Xun Tang , Maya Tanrygulyyeva , Frank Tanser , Yong Tao , Mohammed Rasoul Tarawneh , Jakob Tarp , Carolina B Tarqui-Mamani , Radka Taxová Braunerová , Anne Taylor , Julie Taylor , Félicité Tchibindat , William R Tebar , Grethe S Tell , Tania Tello , Yih Chung Tham , K R Thankappan , Holger Theobald , Xenophon Theodoridis , Lutgarde Thijs , Nihal Thomas , Betina H Thuesen , Lubica Tichá , Erik J Timmermans , Anne Tjonneland , Hanna K Tolonen , Janne S Tolstrup , Murat Topbas , Roman Topór-Madry , Liv Elin Torheim , María José Tormo , Michael J Tornaritis , Maties Torrent , Laura Torres-Collado , Stefania Toselli , Giota Touloumi , Pierre Traissac , Thi Tuyet-Hanh Tran , Dimitrios Trichopoulos , Antonia Trichopoulou , Oanh Th Trinh , Atul Trivedi , Lechaba Tshepo , Maria Tsigga , Shoichiro Tsugane , Azaliia M Tuliakova , Marshall K Tulloch-Reid , Fikru Tullu , Tomi-Pekka Tuomainen , Jaakko Tuomilehto , Maria L Turley , Gilad Twig , Per Tynelius , Themistoklis Tzotzas , Christophe Tzourio , Peter Ueda , Eunice Ugel , Flora Am Ukoli , Hanno Ulmer , Belgin Unal , Zhamyila Usupova , Hannu Mt Uusitalo , Nalan Uysal , Justina Vaitkeviciute , Gonzalo Valdivia , Susana Vale , Damaskini Valvi , Rob M van Dam , Johan Van der Heyden , Yvonne T van der Schouw , Koen Van Herck , Hoang Van Minh , Natasja M 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Weghuber , Wenbin Wei , Aneta Weres , Bo Werner , Peter H Whincup , Kurt Widhalm , Indah S Widyahening , Andrzej Wiecek , Rainford J Wilks , Johann Willeit , Peter Willeit , Julianne Williams , Tom Wilsgaard , Bogdan Wojtyniak , Roy A Wong-McClure , Andrew Wong , Jyh Eiin Wong , Tien Yin Wong , Jean Woo , Mark Woodward , Frederick C Wu , Jianfeng Wu , Li Juan Wu , Shouling Wu , Haiquan Xu , Liang Xu , Nor Azwany Yaacob , Uruwan Yamborisut , Weili Yan , Ling Yang , Xiaoguang Yang , Yang Yang , Nazan Yardim , Mehdi Yaseri , Tabara Yasuharu , Xingwang Ye , Panayiotis K Yiallouros , Moein Yoosefi , Akihiro Yoshihara , Qi Sheng You , San-Lin You , Novie O Younger-Coleman , Safiah Md Yusof , Ahmad Faudzi Yusoff , Luciana Zaccagni , Vassilis Zafiropulos , Ahmad A Zainuddin , Seyed Rasoul Zakavi , Farhad Zamani , Sabina Zambon , Antonis Zampelas , Hana Zamrazilová , Maria Elisa Zapata , Abdul Hamid Zargar , Ko Ko Zaw , Tomasz Zdrojewski , Kristyna Zejglicova , Tajana Zeljkovic Vrkic , Yi Zeng 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Lundqvist, Robert, Lunet, Nuno, Lunogelo, Charle, Lustigová, Michala, Łuszczki, Edyta, Ma, Guansheng, Ma, Jun, Ma, Xu, Machado-Coelho, George LL, Machado-Rodrigues, Aristides M, Macieira, Luisa M, Madar, Ahmed A, Maggi, Stefania, Magliano, Dianna J, Magnacca, Sara, Magriplis, Emmanuella, Mahasampath, Gowri, Maire, Bernard, Majer, Marjeta, Makdisse, Marcia, Mäki, Päivi, Malekzadeh, Fatemeh, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rahul, Rao, Kodavanti Mallikharjuna, Malyutina, Sofia K, Maniego, Lynell V, Manios, Yanni, Mann, Jim I, Mansour-Ghanaei, Fariborz, Manzato, Enzo, Margozzini, Paula, Markaki, Anastasia, Markey, Oonagh, Ioannidou, Eliza Markidou, Marques-Vidal, Pedro, Marques, Larissa Pruner, Marrugat, Jaume, Martin-Prevel, Yve, Martin, Rosemarie, Martorell, Reynaldo, Martos, Eva, Maruszczak, Katharina, Marventano, Stefano, Mascarenhas, Luis P, Masoodi, Shariq R, Mathiesen, Ellisiv B, Mathur, Prashant, Matijasevich, Alicia, Matsha, Tandi E, Mavrogianni, Christina, Mazur, Artur, Mbanya, Jean Claude N, McFarlane, Shelly R, McGarvey, Stephen T, McKee, Martin, McLachlan, Stela, McLean, Rachael M, McLean, Scott B, McNulty, Breige A, Benchekor, Sounnia Mediene, Medzioniene, Jurate, Mehdipour, Parinaz, Mehlig, Kirsten, Mehrparvar, Amir Houshang, Meirhaeghe, Aline, Meisfjord, Jørgen, Meisinger, Christa, Menezes, Ana Maria B, Menon, Geetha R, Mensink, Gert BM, Menzano, Maria Teresa, Mereke, Alibek, Meshram, Indrapal I, Metspalu, Andre, Meyer, Haakon E, Mi, Jie, Michaelsen, Kim F, Michels, Nathalie, Mikkel, Kairit, Milkowska, Karolina, Miller, Jody C, Minderico, Cláudia S, Mini, GK, Miquel, Juan Francisco, Mirjalili, Mohammad Reza, Mirkopoulou, Daphne, Mirrakhimov, Erkin, Mišigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Mistretta, Antonio, Mocanu, Veronica, Modesti, Pietro A, Moghaddam, Sahar Saeedi, Mohajer, Bahram, Mohamed, Mostafa K, Mohamed, Shukri F, Mohammad, Kazem, Mohammadi, Zahra, Mohammadifard, Noushin, Mohammadpourhodki, Reza, Mohan, Viswanathan, Mohanna, Salim, Yusoff, Muhammad Fadhli Mohd, Mohebbi, Iraj, Mohebi, Farnam, Moitry, Marie, Molbo, Drude, Møllehave, Line T, Møller, Niels C, Molnár, Déne, Momenan, Amirabba, Mondo, Charles K, Monroy-Valle, Michele, Monterrubio-Flores, Eric, Monyeki, Kotsedi Daniel K, Moon, Jin Soo, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moreira, Leila B, Morejon, Alain, Moreno, Luis A, Morgan, Karen, Morin, Suzanne N, Mortensen, Erik Lykke, Moschonis, George, Mossakowska, Malgorzata, Mostafa, Aya, Mota-Pinto, Anabela, Mota, Jorge, Motlagh, Mohammad Esmaeel, Motta, Jorge, Moura-dos-Santos, Marcos André, Mridha, Malay K, Msyamboza, Kelias P, Mu, Thet Thet, Muc, Magdalena, Mugoša, Boban, Muiesan, Maria L, Mukhtorova, Parvina, Müller-Nurasyid, Martina, Murphy, Neil, Mursu, Jaakko, Murtagh, Elaine M, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Milanovic, Sanja Music, Musil, Vera, Mustafa, Norlaila, Nabipour, Iraj, Naderimagham, Shohreh, Nagel, Gabriele, Naidu, Balkish M, Najafi, Farid, Nakamura, Harunobu, Námešná, Jana, Ei K Nang, Ei, Nangia, Vinay B, Nankap, Martin, Narake, Sameer, Nardone, Paola, Nauck, Matthia, Neal, William A, Nejatizadeh, Azim, Nekkantti, Chandini, Nelis, Keiu, Nelis, Lii, Nenko, Ilona, Neovius, Martin, Nervi, Flavio, Nguyen, Chung T, Nguyen, Nguyen D, Nguyen, Quang Ngoc, Nieto-Martínez, Ramfis E, Nikitin, Yury P, Ning, Guang, Ninomiya, Toshiharu, Nishtar, Sania, Noale, Marianna, Noboa, Oscar A, Nogueira, Helena, Norat, Teresa, Nordendahl, Maria, Nordestgaard, Børge G, Noto, Davide, Nowak-Szczepanska, Natalia, Al Nsour, Mohannad, Nuhoglu, Irfan, Nurk, Eha, O'Neill, Terence W, O'Reilly, Dermot, Obreja, Galina, Ochimana, Caleb, Ochoa-Avilés, Angélica M, Oda, Eiji, Oh, Kyungwon, Ohara, Kumiko, Ohlsson, Clae, Ohtsuka, Ryutaro, Olafsson, Örn, Olinto, Maria Teresa A, Oliveira, Isabel O, Omar, Mohd Azahadi, Onat, Altan, Ong, Sok King, Ono, Lariane M, Ordunez, Pedro, Ornelas, Rui, Ortiz, Ana P, Ortiz, Pedro J, Osler, Merete, Osmond, Clive, Ostojic, Sergej M, Ostovar, Afshin, Otero, Johanna A, Overvad, Kim, Owusu-Dabo, Elli, Paccaud, Fred Michel, Padez, Cristina, Pagkalos, Ioanni, Pahomova, Elena, de Paiva, Karina Mary, Pajak, Andrzej, Palli, Domenico, Palloni, Alberto, Palmieri, Luigi, Pan, Wen-Harn, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandey, Arvind, Panza, Francesco, Papandreou, Dimitrio, Park, Soon-Woo, Park, Suyeon, Parnell, Winsome R, Parsaeian, Mahboubeh, Pascanu, Ionela M, Pasquet, Patrick, Patel, Nikhil D, Pecin, Ivan, Pednekar, Mangesh S, Peer, Nasheeta, Pei, Gao, Peixoto, Sergio Viana, Peltonen, Markku, Pereira, Alexandre C, Peres, Marco A, Pérez-Farinós, Napoleón, Pérez, Cynthia M, Peterkova, Valentina, Peters, Annette, Petersmann, Astrid, Petkeviciene, Janina, Petrauskiene, Ausra, Pettenuzzo, Emanuela, Peykari, Niloofar, Pham, Son Thai, Pichardo, Rafael N, Pierannunzio, Daniela, Pigeot, Iri, Pikhart, Hynek, Pilav, Aida, Pilotto, Lorenza, Pistelli, Francesco, Pitakaka, Freda, Piwonska, Aleksandra, Pizarro, Andreia N, Plans-Rubió, Pedro, Poh, Bee Koon, Pohlabeln, Hermann, Pop, Raluca M, Popovic, Stevo R, Porta, Miquel, Posch, Georg, Poudyal, Anil, Poulimeneas, Dimitrio, Pouraram, Hamed, Pourfarzi, Farhad, Pourshams, Akram, Poustchi, Hossein, Pradeepa, Rajendra, Price, Alison J, Price, Jacqueline F, Providencia, Rui, Puder, Jardena J, Pudule, Iveta, Puhakka, Soile E, Puiu, Maria, Punab, Margu, Qasrawi, Radwan F, Qorbani, Mostafa, Bao, Tran Quoc, Radic, Ivana, Radisauskas, Ricarda, Rahimikazerooni, Salar, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Mahmudur, Raitakari, Olli, Raj, Manu, Rakhimova, Ellina, Rakhmatulloev, Sherali, Rakovac, Ivo, Rao, Sudha Ramachandra, Ramachandran, Ambady, Ramke, Jacqueline, Ramos, Elisabete, Ramos, Rafel, Rampal, Lekhraj, Rampal, Sanjay, Rarra, Vayia, Rascon-Pacheco, Ramon A, Rasmussen, Mette, Rech, Cassiano Ricardo, Redon, Josep, Reganit, Paul Ferdinand M, Regecová, Valéria, Revilla, Lui, Rezaianzadeh, Abba, Ribas-Barba, Lourde, Ribeiro, Robespierre, Riboli, Elio, Richter, Adrian, Rigo, Fernando, Rinaldo, Natascia, de Wit, Tobias F Rinke, Rito, Ana, Ritti-Dias, Raphael M, Rivera, Juan A, Robitaille, Cynthia, Roccaldo, Romana, Rodrigues, Daniela, Rodríguez-Artalejo, Fernando, del Cristo Rodriguez-Perez, María, Rodríguez-Villamizar, Laura A, Roggenbuck, Ulla, Rojas-Martinez, Rosalba, Rojroongwasinkul, Nipa, Romaguera, Dora, Romeo, Elisabetta L, Rosario, Rafaela V, Rosengren, Annika, Rouse, Ian, Roy, Joel GR, Rubinstein, Adolfo, Rühli, Frank J, Ruidavets, Jean-Bernard, Ruiz-Betancourt, Blanca Sandra, Ruiz-Castell, Maria, Moreno, Emma Ruiz, Rusakova, Iuliia A, Jonsson, Kenisha Russell, Russo, Paola, Rust, Petra, Rutkowski, Marcin, Sabanayagam, Charumathi, Sacchini, Elena, Sachdev, Harshpal S, Sadjadi, Alireza, Safarpour, Ali Reza, Safiri, Saeid, Saki, Nader, Salanave, Benoit, Martinez, Eduardo Salazar, Salmerón, Diego, Salomaa, Veikko, Salonen, Jukka T, Salvetti, Massimo, Samoutian, Margarita, Sánchez-Abanto, Jose, Sandjaja, null, Sans, Susana, Marina, Loreto Santa, Santos, Diana A, Santos, Ina S, Santos, Lèlita C, Santos, Maria Paula, Santos, Osvaldo, Santos, Rute, Sanz, Sara Santo, Saramies, Jouko L, Sardinha, Luis B, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sathish, Thirunavukkarasu, Saum, Kai-Uwe, Savva, Savva, Savy, Mathilde, Sawada, Norie, Sbaraini, Mariana, Scazufca, Marcia, Schaan, Beatriz D, Rosario, Angelika Schaffrath, Schargrodsky, Herman, Schienkiewitz, Anja, Schipf, Sabine, Schmidt, Carsten O, Schmidt, Ida Maria, Schnohr, Peter, Schöttker, Ben, Schramm, Sara, Schramm, Stine, Schröder, Helmut, Schultsz, Constance, Schutte, Aletta E, Sein, Aye Aye, Selamat, Rusidah, Sember, Vedrana, Sen, Abhijit, Senbanjo, Idowu O, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Sequera, Victor, Serra-Majem, Lui, Servais, Jennifer, Ševcíková, Ludmila, Shalnova, Svetlana A, Shamah-Levy, Teresa, Shamshirgaran, Morteza, Shanthirani, Coimbatore Subramaniam, Sharafkhah, Maryam, Sharma, Sanjib K, Shaw, Jonathan E, Shayanrad, Amaneh, Shayesteh, Ali Akbar, Shengelia, Lela, Shi, Zumin, Shibuya, Kenji, Shimizu-Furusawa, Hana, Shin, Dong Wook, Shirani, Majid, Shiri, Rahman, Shrestha, Namuna, Si-Ramlee, Khairil, Siani, Alfonso, Siantar, Rosalynn, Sibai, Abla M, Silva, Antonio M, Silva, Diego Augusto Santo, Simon, Mary, Simons, Judith, Simons, Leon A, Sjöberg, Agneta, Sjöström, Michael, Skodje, Gry, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, Slusarczyk, Przemyslaw, Smeeth, Liam, So, Hung-Kwan, Soares, Fernanda Cunha, Sobek, Grzegorz, Sobngwi, Eugène, Sodemann, Morten, Söderberg, Stefan, Soekatri, Moesijanti YE, Soemantri, Agustinu, Sofat, Reecha, Solfrizzi, Vincenzo, Somi, Mohammad Hossein, Sonestedt, Emily, Song, Yi, Sørensen, Thorkild IA, Sørgjerd, Elin P, Jérome, Charles Sossa, Soto-Rojas, Victoria E, Soumaré, Aïcha, Sovic, Slavica, Sparboe-Nilsen, Bente, Sparrenberger, Karen, Spinelli, Angela, Spiroski, Igor, Staessen, Jan A, Stamm, Hanspeter, Stathopoulou, Maria G, Staub, Kaspar, Stavreski, Bill, Steene-Johannessen, Jostein, Stehle, Peter, Stein, Aryeh D, Stergiou, George S, Stessman, Jochanan, Stevanovic, Ranko, Stieber, Jutta, Stöckl, Dori, Stocks, Tanja, Stokwiszewski, Jakub, Stoyanova, Ekaterina, Stratton, Gareth, Stronks, Karien, Strufaldi, Maria Wany, Sturua, Lela, Suárez-Medina, Ramón, Suka, Machi, Sun, Chien-An, Sundström, Johan, Sung, Yn-Tz, Sunyer, Jordi, Suriyawongpaisal, Paibul, Swinburn, Boyd A, Sy, Rody G, Syddall, Holly E, Sylva, René Charle, Szklo, Moyse, Szponar, Lucjan, Tai, E Shyong, Tammesoo, Mari-Lii, Tamosiunas, Abdona, Tan, Eng Joo, Tang, Xun, Tanrygulyyeva, Maya, Tanser, Frank, Tao, Yong, Tarawneh, Mohammed Rasoul, Tarp, Jakob, Tarqui-Mamani, Carolina B, Braunerová, Radka Taxová, Taylor, Anne, Taylor, Julie, Tchibindat, Félicité, Tebar, William R, Tell, Grethe S, Tello, Tania, Tham, Yih Chung, Thankappan, KR, Theobald, Holger, Theodoridis, Xenophon, Thijs, Lutgarde, Thomas, Nihal, Thuesen, Betina H, Tichá, Lubica, Timmermans, Erik J, Tjonneland, Anne, Tolonen, Hanna K, Tolstrup, Janne S, Topbas, Murat, Topór-Madry, Roman, Torheim, Liv Elin, Tormo, María José, Tornaritis, Michael J, Torrent, Matie, Torres-Collado, Laura, Toselli, Stefania, Touloumi, Giota, Traissac, Pierre, Tran, Thi Tuyet-Hanh, Trichopoulos, Dimitrio, Trichopoulou, Antonia, Trinh, Oanh TH, Trivedi, Atul, Tshepo, Lechaba, Tsigga, Maria, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Tuliakova, Azaliia M, Tulloch-Reid, Marshall K, Tullu, Fikru, Tuomainen, Tomi-Pekka, Tuomilehto, Jaakko, Turley, Maria L, Twig, Gilad, Tynelius, Per, Tzotzas, Themistokli, Tzourio, Christophe, Ueda, Peter, Ugel, Eunice, Ukoli, Flora AM, Ulmer, Hanno, Unal, Belgin, Usupova, Zhamyila, Uusitalo, Hannu MT, Uysal, Nalan, Vaitkeviciute, Justina, Valdivia, Gonzalo, Vale, Susana, Valvi, Damaskini, van Dam, Rob M, Van der Heyden, Johan, van der Schouw, Yvonne T, Van Herck, Koen, Van Minh, Hoang, Van Schoor, Natasja M, van Valkengoed, Irene GM, Vanderschueren, Dirk, Vanuzzo, Diego, Varbo, Anette, Varela-Moreiras, Gregorio, Varona-Pérez, Patricia, Vasan, Senthil K, Vega, Toma, Veidebaum, Tooma, Velasquez-Melendez, Gustavo, Velika, Biruta, Veronesi, Giovanni, Verschuren, WM Monique, Victora, Cesar G, Viegi, Giovanni, Viet, Lucie, Villalpando, Salvador, Vineis, Paolo, Vioque, Jesu, Virtanen, Jyrki K, Visser, Marjolein, Visvikis-Siest, Sophie, Viswanathan, Bharathi, Vladulescu, Mihaela, Vlasoff, Tiina, Vocanec, Dorja, Vollenweider, Peter, Völzke, Henry, Voutilainen, Ari, Voutilainen, Sari, Vrijheid, Martine, Vrijkotte, Tanja GM, Wade, Alisha N, Wagner, Aline, Waldhör, Thoma, Walton, Janette, Wambiya, Elvis OA, Bebakar, Wan Mohamad Wan, Mohamud, Wan Nazaimoon Wan, de Souza Wanderley Júnior, Rildo, Wang, Ming-Dong, Wang, Ningli, Wang, Qian, Wang, Xiangjun, Wang, Ya Xing, Wang, Ying-Wei, Wannamethee, S Goya, Wareham, Nichola, Weber, Adelheid, Wedderkopp, Niel, Weerasekera, Deepa, Weghuber, Daniel, Wei, Wenbin, Weres, Aneta, Werner, Bo, Whincup, Peter H, Widhalm, Kurt, Widyahening, Indah S, Wiecek, Andrzej, Wilks, Rainford J, Willeit, Johann, Willeit, Peter, Williams, Julianne, Wilsgaard, Tom, Wojtyniak, Bogdan, Wong-McClure, Roy A, Wong, Andrew, Wong, Jyh Eiin, Wong, Tien Yin, Woo, Jean, Woodward, Mark, Wu, Frederick C, Wu, Jianfeng, Wu, Li Juan, Wu, Shouling, Xu, Haiquan, Xu, Liang, Yaacob, Nor Azwany, Yamborisut, Uruwan, Yan, Weili, Yang, Ling, Yang, Xiaoguang, Yang, Yang, Yardim, Nazan, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yasuharu, Tabara, Ye, Xingwang, Yiallouros, Panayiotis K, Yoosefi, Moein, Yoshihara, Akihiro, You, Qi Sheng, You, San-Lin, Younger-Coleman, Novie O, Md Yusof, Safiah, Yusoff, Ahmad Faudzi, Zaccagni, Luciana, Zafiropulos, Vassili, Zainuddin, Ahmad A, Zakavi, Seyed Rasoul, Zamani, Farhad, Zambon, Sabina, Zampelas, Antoni, Zamrazilová, Hana, Zapata, Maria Elisa, Zargar, Abdul Hamid, Ko Zaw, Ko, Zdrojewski, Tomasz, Zejglicova, Kristyna, Vrkic, Tajana Zeljkovic, Zeng, Yi, Zhang, Luxia, Zhang, Zhen-Yu, Zhao, Dong, Zhao, Ming-Hui, Zhao, Wenhua, Zhen, Shiqi, Zheng, Wei, Zheng, Yingfeng, Zholdin, Bekbolat, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Dan, Zins, Marie, Zitt, Emanuel, Zocalo, Yanina, Cisneros, Julio Zuñiga, Zuziak, Monika, Ezzati, Majid, Filippi, Sarah, Cohortes épidémiologiques en population (CONSTANCES), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Population -- Health aspects, Leanness, Baixo peso/Underweight, none, Double burden, alipainoisuus, tulotaso, global health, systematic analysis, Sedentary behaviors, RC1200, Prospective associations, 0302 clinical medicine, underweight, nälänhätä, Biology (General), skin and connective tissue diseases, Children, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Body mass index, Human Nutrition & Health, education.field_of_study, Humane Voeding & Gezondheid, ylipaino, General Medicine, kansainvälinen vertailu, 3. Good health, World health, Medicine, A100 Pre-clinical Medicine, Population distribution, medicine.medical_specialty, QH301-705.5, Science, Socio-culturale, Nursing, Social sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 03 medical and health sciences, Thinness, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, BMI, epidemiology, obesity, None, Humans, Obesidade/Obesity, SDG 2 - Zero Hunger, education, VLAG, US adults, Omvårdnad, body mass index, malnutrition, obesity, underweight, nutritional and metabolic diseases, medicine.disease, terveellisyys, Obesity, Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Risk Factors, General Biochemistry, WIAS, lihavuus, RA, Demography, N.A, double burden, Settore MED/09 - Medicina Interna, alueelliset erot, Nutrition and Disease, Animal Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Medizin, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 0601 Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Change distribution of body mass index, RA0421, Voeding en Ziekte, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Global health, Índice de massa corporal/Body Mass Index, 030212 general & internal medicine, Underweight, painoindeksi, 2. Zero hunger, General Neuroscience, aliravitsemus, elintarvikkeet, health, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Diervoeding, 3142 Public health care science, environmental and occupational health, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.03 [https], Chinese adults, pooled analysis, medicine.symptom, Diet quality, B120 Physiology, Research Article, trends, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#1.06.03 [https], prevalence, Population, Mothers, Genetics and Molecular Biology, 3121 Internal medicine, medicine, Life Science, ddc:610, 3125 Otorhinolaryngology, ophthalmology, kehonkoostumus, Nutrition, Australian adults, General Immunology and Microbiology, purl.org/pe-repo/ocde/ford#3.01.04 [https], Ciências sociais, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Malnutrition, Epidemiology and Global Health, sense organs, Estilos de Vida e Impacto na Saúde
Abstract: From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions., Wellcome Trust, Medical Research Council, peer-reviewed
Published: 2021

13. An Integrative Sialomic Analysis Reveals Molecules From

Author: Yanna Reis, Praça, Paula Beatriz, Santiago, Sébastien, Charneau, Samuel Coelho, Mandacaru, Izabela Marques Dourado, Bastos, Kaio Luís da Silva, Bentes, Sofia Marcelino Martins, Silva, Waldeyr Mendes Cordeiro, da Silva, Ionizete Garcia, da Silva, Marcelo Valle, de Sousa, Célia Maria de Almeida, Soares, José Marcos Chaves, Ribeiro, Jaime Martins, Santana, and Carla Nunes, de Araújo
Subjects: sialoproteome, salivary glands, salivary molecules, sialome, sialotranscriptome, Insect Vectors, Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, blood-feeding, Animals, Humans, triatomine, Triatoma, Triatominae, Chromatography, Liquid, Original Research
Abstract: Triatomines have evolved salivary glands that produce versatile molecules with various biological functions, including those leading their interactions with vertebrate hosts’ hemostatic and immunological systems. Here, using high-throughput transcriptomics and proteomics, we report the first sialome study on the synanthropic triatomine Triatoma sordida. As a result, 57,645,372 reads were assembled into 26,670 coding sequences (CDS). From these, a total of 16,683 were successfully annotated. The sialotranscriptomic profile shows Lipocalin as the most abundant protein family within putative secreted transcripts. Trialysins and Kazal-type protease inhibitors have high transcript levels followed by ubiquitous protein families and enzyme classes. Interestingly, abundant trialysin and Kazal-type members are highlighted in this triatomine sialotranscriptome. Furthermore, we identified 132 proteins in T. sordida salivary gland soluble extract through LC-MS/MS spectrometry. Lipocalins, Hemiptera specific families, CRISP/Antigen-5 and Kazal-type protein inhibitors proteins were identified. Our study provides a comprehensive description of the transcript and protein compositions of the salivary glands of T. sordida. It significantly enhances the information in the Triatominae sialome databanks reported so far, improving the understanding of the vector’s biology, the hematophagous behaviour, and the Triatominae subfamily’s evolution.
Published: 2021

14. Identification of a 2,4-diaminopyrimidine scaffold targeting Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1 from the LIBRA compound library screening campaign

Author: Sine Mandrup Bertozzi, Anabela Cordeiro da Silva, Andrea Pinto, Federica Prati, Giovanni Piersanti, Gesa Witt, Paola Conti, Marinella Roberti, Maria Laura Bolognesi, Pasquale Linciano, Gregorio Cullia, Chiara Borsari, Maria Paola Costi, Luca Goldoni, Daniele Piomelli, Maria Kuzikov, Stefania Ferrari, Bernhard Ellinger, Vincenzo Rizzo, Enzo Brambilla, Andrea Cavalli, Michele Retini, Tiziano Bandiera, Sheraz Gul, Nuno Santarém, Matteo Santucci, Francesca Bartoccini, Fabio Bertozzi, Publica, Linciano P., Cullia G., Borsari C., Santucci M., Ferrari S., Witt G., Gul S., Kuzikov M., Ellinger B., Santarem N., Cordeiro da Silva A., Conti P., Bolognesi M.L., Roberti M., Prati F., Bartoccini F., Retini M., Piersanti G., Cavalli A., Goldoni L., Bertozzi S.M., Bertozzi F., Brambilla E., Rizzo V., Piomelli D., Pinto A., Bandiera T., and Costi M.P.
Subjects: High-Throughput Screening Assay, Models, Molecular, Macrophage, 01 natural sciences, Antineoplastic Agent, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Discovery, Pteridine reductase 1, Enzyme Inhibitor, Leishmania major, Enzyme Inhibitors, Anti-parasitic drug discovery, High throughput screening, LIBRA compound library, 0303 health sciences, Molecular Structure, biology, Drug Synergism, General Medicine, Biochemistry, Oxidoreductase, Oxidoreductases, Human, Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic, High-throughput screening, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Biopterin, Antineoplastic Agents, Trypanosoma brucei, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, A549 Cell, Cell Proliferation, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 010405 organic chemistry, Macrophages, Organic Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, High-Throughput Screening Assays, 0104 chemical sciences, Pyrimidines, Methotrexate, Diaminopyrimidine, Pyrimidine, chemistry, Folic acid, A549 Cells
Abstract: The LIBRA compound library is a collection of 522 non-commercial molecules contributed by various Italian academic laboratories. These compounds have been designed and synthesized during different medicinal chemistry programs and are hosted by the Italian Institute of Technology. We report the screening of the LIBRA compound library against Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major pteridine reductase 1, TbPTR1 and LmPTR1. Nine compounds were active against parasitic PTR1 and were selected for cell-based parasite screening, as single agents and in combination with methotrexate (MTX). The most interesting TbPTR1 inhibitor identified was 4-(benzyloxy)pyrimidine-2,6-diamine (LIB_66). Subsequently, six new LIB_66 derivatives were synthesized to explore its Structure-Activity-Relationship (SAR) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADMET) properties. The results indicate that PTR1 has a preference to bind inhibitors, which resemble its biopterin/folic acid substrates, such as the 2,4-diaminopyrimidine derivatives.
Published: 2020

15. Design, Synthesis and Antiparasitic Evaluation of Click Phospholipids

Author: Irini Fragiadaki, Theodora Calogeropoulou, Sheraz Gul, Chiara Borsari, Wanderley de Souza, Bernhard Ellinger, Paloma Tejera Nevado, Nuno Santarém, Pantelis Afroudakis, Julia Hachenberg, Marina Roussaki, Anabela Cordeiro da Silva, Emile Santos Barrias, Maria Kuzikov, George E. Magoulas, Kalliopi Georgikopoulou, Kyriakos C. Prousis, Theano Fotopoulou, Eugenia Bifeld, Joachim Clos, Effie Scoulica, Maria Paola Costi, and Publica
Subjects: ether phospholipids, Pharmaceutical Science, Organic chemistry, Antiparasitic activity, Analytical Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, QD241-441, Drug Discovery, Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania infantum, Leishmaniasis, Phospholipids, Leishmania, 0303 health sciences, Antiparasitic Agents, biology, antiparasitic activity, Biochemistry, Chemistry (miscellaneous), Molecular Medicine, Leishmania donovani, medicine.drug, Antiparasitic, medicine.drug_class, Trypanosoma cruzi, 030231 tropical medicine, Phospholipid, Article, Ether phospholipids, Heterocyclic rings, Chagas Disease, Click Chemistry, Humans, Macrophages, Structure-Activity Relationship, Drug Design, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, heterocyclic rings, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Amastigote, 030304 developmental biology, Miltefosine, biology.organism_classification, chemistry
Abstract: A library of seventeen novel ether phospholipid analogues, containing 5-membered heterocyclic rings (1,2,3-triazolyl, isoxazolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazolyl and 1,2,4-oxadiazolyl) in the lipid portion were designed and synthesized aiming to identify optimised miltefosine analogues. The compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antiparasitic activity against Leishmania infantum and Leishmania donovani intracellular amastigotes, against Trypanosoma brucei brucei and against different developmental stages of Trypanosoma cruzi. The nature of the substituents of the heterocyclic ring (tail) and the oligomethylene spacer between the head group and the heterocyclic ring was found to affect the activity and toxicity of these compounds leading to a significantly improved understanding of their structure–activity relationships. The early ADMET profile of the new derivatives did not reveal major liabilities for the potent compounds. The 1,2,3-triazole derivative 27 substituted by a decyl tail, an undecyl spacer and a choline head group exhibited broad spectrum antiparasitic activity. It possessed low micromolar activity against the intracellular amastigotes of two L. infantum strains and T. cruzi Y strain epimastigotes, intracellular amastigotes and trypomastigotes, while its cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) against THP-1 macrophages ranged between 50 and 100 μM. Altogether, our work paves the way for the development of improved ether phospholipid derivatives to control neglected tropical diseases.
Published: 2021

16. Prevalence and associated factors of supine sleep position in 3-month-old infants: findings from the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort

Author: Marlos Rodrigues Domingues, Fernando C. Barros, Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi, Mariângela Freitas da Silveira, Paula Duarte de Oliveira, Nelson A. Neumann, and Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: Adult, Counseling, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Supine position, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Prevalence, Supine Position, Humans, Medicine, Longitudinal Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Advanced maternal age, Risk factor, education, Health Education, Socioeconomic status, Public health, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Racial Groups, 1. No poverty, lcsh:RJ1-570, Infant, lcsh:Pediatrics, 3. Good health, Prone position, Socioeconomic Factors, Infant Care, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Infant sleep position, Sudden infant death, Cohort studies, Female, Sleep, business, Brazil, Research Article, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract: Background Non-supine infant sleep position is an important modifiable risk factor for sudden unexpected death in infancy. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of supine sleep position and associated factors among 3-month-old infants from a birth cohort in the city of Pelotas, southern Brazil. Methods The present study evaluated longitudinal data from the 2015 Pelotas Birth Cohort. Study outcome was supine infant sleep position, defined as the appropriate position, among 3-month-old children. Demographic, socioeconomic, behavioral, and health characteristics collected at birth and at the 3-month follow-up were investigated as possible associated factors. The prevalence of each associated factor was investigated, and crude and hierarchical adjusted analyses were performed using Poisson regression. Results Among the 4108 infants assessed in this study, 2274 (55.4%) slept in supine position at 3 months and only 66 (1.6%) in prone position. Maternal white skin color, higher family income and maternal schooling, advanced maternal age, maternal cohabiting with a partner, receiving counseling from health care professionals and non-bed-sharing were associated with higher prevalence of infants sleeping in supine position at 3 months. All these variables remained associated in our hierarchical adjusted analyses except maternal cohabitation with a partner. Participants with white mothers were more likely to sleep in supine position (PR: 1.23; 95%CI: 0.75–0.89) compared to participants with black mothers. Those belonging to the richest quintile were more likely to sleep in supine position (PR: 1.49; 95%CI: 1.35–1.65) compared to those who belong to the poorest. Mothers aged 31–36 years were more likely to choose supine sleep position (PR: 1.65; 95%CI: 1.42–1.92) compared to mothers younger than 19 years. Conclusions The findings of the present study showed the influence of maternal age, socioeconomic status, and counseling on infant sleep habits as predictors of choice of infant sleep position in a Brazilian population. It is recommended to implement informative campaigns and public policies to at-risk population and to improve recommendations from health care professionals.
Published: 2019

17. Social determinants of health and maxillofacial injuries in children and adolescents victims of violence: A novel <scp>GIS</scp> ‐based modelling application

Author: Catarina Ribeiro Barros de Alencar, Lorena Marques da Nóbrega, Ricardo Alves de Olinda, Sérgio d'Avila, Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino, and José Régis Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Social Determinants of Health, Poison control, Violence, Suicide prevention, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Environmental health, Injury prevention, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Social determinants of health, Child, General Dentistry, business.industry, Public health, Human factors and ergonomics, 030206 dentistry, Physical abuse, Geographic Information Systems, Maxillofacial Injuries, business, Brazil
Abstract: BACKGROUND Physical violence against children and adolescents comprises a serious public health problem and often results in oral and maxillofacial traumas. Social determinants may favour the occurrence of these events, but few studies have critically evaluated the interaction between social and geographical risk factors. AIMS To investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial traumas resulting from violence against children and adolescents through geostatistical techniques. METHODS This study was an ecological analysis of cases of trauma caused by violence against Brazilian children and adolescents using aggregated data from victims attended at a Center of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Dentistry between January 2012 and December 2015. Data were analysed through modelling based on geographic information system (GIS). RESULTS Two distinct patterns of longitudinal trajectory of oral and maxillofacial trauma related to violence against children and adolescents were identified (TP1 and TP2, P
Published: 2019

18. Towards chemical validation of Leishmania infantum ribose 5-phosphate isomerase as a drug target

Author: Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Louise L. Major, Mónica Sá, Paola Ciapetti, Jane MacDougall, Terry K. Smith, Fabrice Ciesielski, Joana Tavares, Nuno Santarém, Nathalie Trouche, Emily A. Dickie, Iain K. Pemberton, Céline Ronin, European Commission, University of St Andrews. Arctic Research Centre, University of St Andrews. School of Biology, and University of St Andrews. Biomedical Sciences Research Complex
Subjects: RM, Inhibitor, European community, Anti parasitic, Protein crystal structure, 030231 tropical medicine, Drug target, NDAS, 03 medical and health sciences, Ribose 5-phosphate isomerase, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Political science, parasitic diseases, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), QD, Amino Acid Sequence, Leishmania infantum, Mechanisms of Action: Physiological Effects, Leishmaniasis, Neglected tropical diseases, 030304 developmental biology, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, biology, QR Microbiology, biology.organism_classification, QD Chemistry, Virology, Anti-parasitic, RM Therapeutics. Pharmacology, QR, Infectious Diseases, Ribose-5-phosphate isomerase, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Screening, Ribosemonophosphates, Thermal shift
Abstract: Funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreements No. 602773 (Project KINDRED) was received for all partners in this work. This work also received funds from FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior through the Research Unit No. 4293 and project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-031013 (PTDC/SAUPAR/31013/2017 to NS); Individual funding from FCT through SFRH/BD/133485/2017 (to MS) and CEECIND/02362/2017 (to JT). Neglected tropical diseases caused by kinetoplastid parasites (Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp.) place a significant health and economic burden on developing nations worldwide. Current therapies are largely out-dated, inadequate and facing mounting drug resistance from the causative parasites. Thus, there is an urgent need for drug discovery and development. Target-led drug discovery approaches have focused on the identification of parasite enzymes catalysing essential biochemical processes, which significantly differ from equivalent proteins found in humans, thereby providing potentially exploitable therapeutic windows. One such target is ribose 5-phosphate isomerase B (RpiB), an enzyme involved in the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway, which catalyses the inter-conversion of D-ribose 5-phosphate and D-ribulose 5-phosphate. Although protozoan RpiB has been the focus of numerous targeted studies, compounds capable of selectively inhibiting this parasite enzyme have not been identified. Here, we present the results of a fragment library screening against Leishmania infantum RpiB, performed using thermal shift analysis. Hit fragments were shown to be effective inhibitors of LiRpiB in activity assays, and several were capable of selectively inhibiting parasite growth in vitro. These results support the identification of LiRpiB as a validated therapeutic target. The X-ray crystal structure of apo LiRpiB was also solved, permitting docking studies to assess how hit fragments might interact with LiRpiB to inhibit its activity. Overall, this work will guide structure-based development of LiRpiB inhibitors as anti-leishmanial agents. Postprint
Published: 2021

19. Telediagnosis of oral lesions using smartphone photography

Author: Juliana Lucena Schussel, Celso Augusto Lemos, Victor Cordeiro da Silva, Vinicius Coelho Carrard, Cassius Carvalho Torres-Pereira, Luiz Alcino Monteiro Gueiros, Nicole Nichele Perdoncini, Bruna Basso Fonseca, and José Miguel Amenábar
Subjects: Telemedicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Biopsy, Photography, Gold standard (test), Cohen's kappa, Otorhinolaryngology, medicine, Humans, Observational study, Medical physics, Smartphone, Medical diagnosis, business, General Dentistry, Oral medicine, Referral and Consultation, Kappa
Abstract: OBJECTIVE The objective of this observational study was to evaluate telediagnosis of oral lesions using smartphone photography. MATERIALS AND METHODS Individuals with visible oral lesions composed a convenience sample. The lesions were photographed using a smartphone camera and emailed along with clinical information to three evaluators, who formulated up to two diagnostic hypotheses for each case. A total of 235 photographs from 113 clinical cases were obtained. The evaluators answered questions regarding referral decisions, requests for additional tests, diagnostic difficulties, and image quality. The diagnostic hypotheses were compared to the gold standard by means of percent agreement and kappa coefficient. Consensual face-to-face diagnoses of three specialists-when only a clinical diagnosis was necessary-or histopathological results-when a biopsy was necessary-were considered the gold standard. RESULTS The telediagnosis was similar to the gold standard in 76% of the cases, and kappa coefficients showed almost perfect agreement (k = 0.817-0.903). The evaluators considered that referrals could have been avoided on an average of 35,4% of the cases. CONCLUSION Diagnosis of oral lesions using images taken with a smartphone showed almost perfect agreement and diagnostic accuracy comparable to face-to-face diagnosis.
Published: 2021

20. Benzodiazepines utilization in Brazilian older adults: a population-based study

Author: Marina de Borba Oliveira, Freire, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro, Da Silva, Andréa Dâmaso, Bertoldi, Andréia Turmina, Fontanella, Sotero Serrate, Mengue, Luiz Roberto, Ramos, Noemia Urruth Leão, Tavares, Tatiane da Silva Dal, Pizzol, Paulo Sérgio Dourado, Arrais, Mareni Rocha, Farias, Vera Lucia, Luiza, Maria Auxiliadora, Oliveira, and Ana Maria Baptista, Menezes
Subjects: Male, Benzodiazepines, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Prevalence, Humans, Female, Brazil, Aged
Abstract: To evaluate the utilization of benzodiazepines (BZD) in Brazilian older adults, based on the Pesquisa Nacional de Acesso, Utilização e Promoção do Uso Racional de Medicamentos (PNAUM - National Survey of Access, Use and Promotion of Rational Use of Medicines).The PNAUM is a cross-sectional study conducted between 2013 and 2014, representing the Brazilian urban population. In the present study, we included 60 years or older (n = 9,019) individuals. We calculated the prevalence of BZD utilization in the 15 days prior to survey data collection according to independent variables, using a hierarchical Poisson regression model. A semistructured interview performed empirical data collection (household interview).The prevalence of BZD utilization in the older adults was 9.3% (95%CI: 8.3-10.4). After adjustments, BZD utilization was associated with female sex (PR = 1.88; 95%CI: 1.52-2.32), depression (PR = 5.31; 95%CI: 4.41-6, 38), multimorbidity (PR = 1.44; 95%CI: 1.20-1.73), emergency room visit or hospitalization in the last 12 months (PR = 1.42; 95%CI: 1.18-1.70 ), polypharmacy (PR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.01-1.57) and poor or very poor self-rated health (PR = 4.16; 95%CI: 2.10-8.22). Utilization was lower in the North region (PR = 0.18; 95%CI: 0.13-0.27) and in individuals who reported abusive alcohol consumption in the last month (PR = 0.42; 95%CI: 0.19-0.94).Despite contraindications, results showed a high prevalence of BZD utilization in older adults, particularly in those with depression, and wide regional and sex differences.
Published: 2021

21. Covid-19 Dynamic Monitoring and Real-Time Spatio-Temporal Forecasting

Author: Cecilia Cordeiro da Silva, Clarisse Lins de Lima, Ana Clara Gomes da Silva, Eduardo Luiz Silva, Gabriel Souza Marques, Lucas Job Brito de Araújo, Luiz Antônio Albuquerque Júnior, Samuel Barbosa Jatobá de Souza, Maíra Araújo de Santana, Juliana Carneiro Gomes, Valter Augusto de Freitas Barbosa, Anwar Musah, Patty Kostkova, Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos, and Abel Guilhermino da Silva Filho
Subjects: digital epidemiology, Support Vector Machine, Distribution (economics), Context (language use), 02 engineering and technology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Spatio-Temporal Analysis, Statistics, Linear regression, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Linear model, COVID-19, lcsh:RA1-1270, Covid-19 pandemics forecasting, Regression, Random forest, Support vector machine, Thematic map, Geography, Epidemiological Monitoring, Linear Models, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, spatio-temporal forecasting, Public Health, Neural Networks, Computer, business, Brazil, Forecasting
Abstract: Background: Periodically, humanity is often faced with new and emerging viruses that can be a significant global threat. It has already been over a century post—the Spanish Flu pandemic, and we are witnessing a new type of coronavirus, the SARS-CoV-2, which is responsible for Covid-19. It emerged from the city of Wuhan (China) in December 2019, and within a few months, the virus propagated itself globally now resulting more than 50 million cases with over 1 million deaths. The high infection rates coupled with dynamic population movement demands for tools, especially within a Brazilian context, that will support health managers to develop policies for controlling and combating the new virus.Methods: In this work, we propose a tool for real-time spatio-temporal analysis using a machine learning approach. The COVID-SGIS system brings together routinely collected health data on Covid-19 distributed across public health systems in Brazil, as well as taking to under consideration the geographic and time-dependent features of Covid-19 so as to make spatio-temporal predictions. The data are sub-divided by federative unit and municipality. In our case study, we made spatio-temporal predictions of the distribution of cases and deaths in Brazil and in each federative unit. Four regression methods were investigated: linear regression, support vector machines (polynomial kernels and RBF), multilayer perceptrons, and random forests. We use the percentage RMSE and the correlation coefficient as quality metrics.Results: For qualitative evaluation, we made spatio-temporal predictions for the period from 25 to 27 May 2020. Considering qualitatively and quantitatively the case of the State of Pernambuco and Brazil as a whole, linear regression presented the best prediction results (thematic maps with good data distribution, correlation coefficient >0.99 and RMSE (%) Conclusion: Spatio-temporal analysis provided a broader assessment of those in the regions where the accumulated confirmed cases of Covid-19 were concentrated. It was possible to differentiate in the thematic maps the regions with the highest concentration of cases from the regions with low concentration and regions in the transition range. This approach is fundamental to support health managers and epidemiologists to elaborate policies and plans to control the Covid-19 pandemics.
Published: 2021

22. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intelligence quotient in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Bernardo L. Horta, Pedro San Martin Soares, Ana Maria Menezes, and Mariana Lima Corrêa
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Offspring, Maternal smoking, Intelligence, Toxicology, Fetal Development, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, medicine, Tobacco Smoking, Humans, Child, 030304 developmental biology, Intelligence Tests, 0303 health sciences, Intelligence quotient, Obstetrics, business.industry, General Neuroscience, medicine.disease, Random effects model, Confidence interval, Standard error, Meta-analysis, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Exposure to tobacco during pregnancy may disrupt fetal brain development and impact offspring cognitive development. Aims To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis on maternal smoking during pregnancy and intelligence quotient (IQ) in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood. Methods We searched PubMed, Lilacs, PsycINFO, and Web of Science. Original articles evaluating tobacco use/exposure during pregnancy and the offspring’s IQ as the outcome. The review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (number CRD 42,019,116,257). For the meta-analysis, we included studies with information on the regression coefficient and its confidence interval (CI) or standard error. Random effects model was used for pooling the estimates. Results 25 studies were included in the review, and of these 14 met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The overall pooled estimate showed that subjects who were exposed to maternal smoking during pregnancy presented lower IQ scores, compared to those not exposed to maternal smoking (β -1.30; 95 % CI ―1.74, ―0.86; I2 = 87.8 %); IQ scores were also lower in crude (β -5.46; 95 % CI -7.31, -3.60; I²: 79.0 %) and adjusted pooled estimates (β =―0.45; 95 % CI ―0.76, ―0.13; I2 = 80.4 %), for the group exposed to maternal smoking. In the stratified analysis, an inverse association was also observed in studies with large sample size (n≥1000 participants) (β=―0.49; 95 % CI ―0.96, ―0.02), among those performed with adolescents (β=―1.16; 95 % CI ―2.18, ―0.14), and among those adjusted for maternal education (β=―0.57; 95 % CI ―1.05, ―0.08). Conclusions Our findings suggest that exposure to tobacco during pregnancy may have negative effects on IQ. However, the findings of this meta-analysis should be interpreted with caution.
Published: 2020

23. Effects of omega-3 supplementation on body weight and body fat mass: A systematic review

Author: Felipe Mendes Delpino, Lílian Munhoz Figueiredo, and Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Physiology, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Decreased body weight, Health benefits, Body weight, Fat mass, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight loss, Fatty Acids, Omega-3, medicine, Humans, Child, 030109 nutrition & dietetics, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Body Weight, Fish oil, Adipose Tissue, Dietary Supplements, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Summary Background Omega-3 is a supplement that promotes several health benefits. The evidence on omega-3 in weight loss or body fat mass is inconclusive. This study aimed to review the literature on studies that evaluated the effect of omega-3 supplementation and changes in weight and/or body fat mass in humans. Methods A systematic review, following the recommendations of PRISMA, in the databases Pubmed, Lilacs, and Scielo. Only experimental studies in humans that evaluated the effects of supplementation with omega-3 on weight loss and/or body fat mass were included. Results In total, 20 studies were selected, of which 11 found no effect, and the other nine find some benefits. Two studies found a reduction in individuals' body fat, and a third found these results in women and a fourth only in men. In children and adolescents, one study found a difference in weight loss between groups. Four studies reported decreased body weight in women, and in men, only one found this result. Conclusion To date, there is no consistency in the literature that omega-3 has benefits in weight loss or body fat mass in humans. Due to the studies' heterogeneity and inconsistency in the results, further studies on the subject are necessary.
Published: 2020

24. COVID-SGIS: A Smart Tool for Dynamic Monitoring and Temporal Forecasting of Covid-19

Author: Lucas Job Brito de Araújo, Patty Kostkova, Wellington Pinheiro dos Santos, Cecilia Cordeiro da Silva, Gabriel Souza Marques, Valter Augusto de Freitas Barbosa, Abel Guilhermino da Silva Filho, Luiz Antônio Albuquerque Júnior, Juliana Carneiro Gomes, Eduardo Luiz Silva, Samuel Barbosa Jatobá de Souza, Maíra Araújo de Santana, Clarisse Lins de Lima, Anwar Musah, and Ana Clara Gomes da Silva
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Relation (database), Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Espirito santo, media_common.quotation_subject, intelligent forecasting systems, dynamic forecasting systems, Population, Worst-case scenario, Notification system, infectious diseases, Unit (housing), 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Dynamic monitoring, Statistics, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Autoregressive integrated moving average, education, Pandemics, media_common, Original Research, education.field_of_study, Covid-19 forecasting, 030503 health policy & services, Public health, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, COVID-19, Prediction interval, lcsh:RA1-1270, Search Engine, Geography, SARS-CoV-2 spread forecast, Service (economics), Population Surveillance, Public Health, 0305 other medical science, Coronavirus Infections, Brazil, Forecasting
Abstract: ObjectiveThe new kind of coronavirus SARS-Cov2 spread to countries in all continents in the World. The coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) causes fever, cough, sore throat, and in severe cases shortness of breath and death. To evaluate strategies, it is necessary to forecast the number of cases and deaths, in order to aid the stakeholders in the process of making decisions against the disease. We propose a system for real-time forecast of the cumulative cases of Covid-19 in Brazil.Study DesignMonitoring of all Brazilian cities using oficial information from the National Notification System, from March to May 2020, concentrated on Brazil.io databases. Training and evaluation of ARIMA and other machine learning algorithms for temporal forecasting using correlation indexes (Pearson’s, Spearman’s, and Kendall’s) and RMSE(%). Validation from the relative errors of the following six days.MethodsOur developed software, COVID-SGIS, captures information from the 26 states and the Distrito Federal at the Brazil.io database. From these data, ARIMA models are created for the accumulation of confirmed cases and death cases by Covid-19. Finally, six-day forecasts graphs are available for Brazil and for each of its federative units, separately, with a 95% CI. In addition to these predictions, the worst and best scenarios are also presented.ResultsARIMA models were generated for Brazil and its 27 federative units. The states of Bahia, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Amapá, Rondônia every day of the predictions were in the projection interval. The same happened to the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná and Santa Catarina. In Brazil, the percentage error between the predicted values and the actual values varied between 2.56% and 6.50%. For the days when the forecasts outside the prediction interval, the percentage errors in relation to the worst case scenario were below 5%. The states of Bahia, Maranhão, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte, Amapá, and Rondônia every day of the predictions were in the projection interval. The same happened to the states of Espírito Santo, Minas Gerais, Paraná and Santa Catarina.ConclusionThe proposed method for dynamic forecasting may be used to guide social policies and plan direct interventions in a robust, flexible and fast way. Since it is based on information from multiple databases, it can be adapted to the different realities, becoming an important tool to guide the course of politics and action against Covid-19 pandemic worldwide.
Published: 2020

25. Maternal smoking during pregnancy and intelligence quotient of offspring aged 18 and 30 years: Evidence from two birth cohorts in southern Brazil

Author: Mariana Lima Corrêa, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, Bernardo L. Horta, Helen Gonçalves, Luciana Anselmi, Fernando Barros, and Ana Maria Baptista Menezes
Subjects: Male, Pregnancy, Epidemiology, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Intelligence, Smoking, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Birth Weight, Humans, Birth Cohort, Female, Child, Brazil
Abstract: Maternal smoking during pregnancy causes several harmful effects, including deficits in the intelligence quotient (IQ), a measure associated with academic achievements and higher socioeconomic position. We aimed to measure the association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring's IQ in two birth cohorts from Pelotas, Brazil. Data from the 1982 and 1993 birth cohorts were analyzed. Smoking during pregnancy was ascertained at the perinatal follow-up, and IQ was measured at 30 years (1982) and 18 years (1993). Simple and multiple linear regressions were used for crude and adjusted analysis. Mediation analysis was performed using birth weight and breastfeeding as possible mediators. Data analysis was conducted in 2020. There were 3611 and 4050 participants from the 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively. After adjustment for potential confounders, the inverse association between smoking during pregnancy and children's IQ remained significant in both cohorts. Offspring of mothers who smoked during pregnancy had an average of 1.32 less IQ points (95%CI: -2.23, -0.242) in the 1982 cohort, and an average of 1.66 less IQ points (95%CI: -2.42, -0.90) in the 1993 cohort. Neither cohort showed association with paternal smoking (negative controls) after adjustment. Breastfeeding's mediated effects accounted for 26.2% and 23.9% of the association in the 1982 and 1993 cohorts, respectively, while birth weight's accounted for 6.8% and 30.1%, respectively; indirect effects were not significant. The inverse association between maternal smoking and IQ and the lack of association with paternal smoking reinforces our findings of a negative association between exposure and outcome.
Published: 2022

26. Accelerating Drug Discovery Efforts for Trypanosomatidic Infections Using an Integrated Transnational Academic Drug Discovery Platform

Author: Flavio Di Pisa, Elisa Uliassi, Lucio H. Freitas-Junior, Maria Laura Bolognesi, Antonio Quotadamo, Maria Paola Costi, Claudia Danielli Pereira Bertolacini, Joachim Clos, Joanna Panecka-Hofman, Chiara Borsari, María Jesús Corral, G. Landi, Maria Kuzikov, Deepa Karunakaran, Pasquale Linciano, Wolfgang Müller, Birte Behrens, Kyriakos C. Prousis, Carolina B. Moraes, Lucia Dello Iacono, Markus Wolf, Oliver Keminer, Cecilia Pozzi, Rebecca C. Wade, Bruno dos Santos Pascoalino, José María Alunda, Stefania Ferrari, Martina Fenske, Alberto Venturelli, Sheraz Gul, Jeanette Reinshagen, Nuno Santarém, Matteo Santucci, Jennifer Leu, Stephen Wrigley, Ina Pöhner, Bethlehem Kebede, Theodora Calogeropoulou, Bernhard Ellinger, Stefano Mangani, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Gesa Witt, Carolina B. Moraes, Gesa Witt, Maria Kuzikov, Bernhard Ellinger, Theodora Calogeropoulou, Kyriakos C. Prousis, Stefano Mangani, Flavio Di Pisa, Giacomo Landi, Lucia Dello Iacono, Cecilia Pozzi, Lucio H. Freitas-Junior, Bruno dos Santos Pascoalino, Claudia P. Bertolacini, Birte Behrens, Oliver Keminer, Jennifer Leu, Markus Wolf, Jeanette Reinshagen, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Nuno Santarem, Alberto Venturelli, Stephen Wrigley, Deepa Karunakaran, Bethlehem Kebede, Ina Pöhner, Wolfgang Müller, Joanna Panecka-Hofman, Rebecca C. Wade, Martina Fenske, Joachim Clos, José María Alunda, María Jesús Corral, Elisa Uliassi, Maria Laura Bolognesi, Pasquale Linciano, Antonio Quotadamo, Stefania Ferrari, Matteo Santucci, Chiara Borsari, Maria Paola Costi, Sheraz Gul, and Publica
Subjects: Chagas disease, cell-based assays, Antiparasitic, medicine.drug_class, cell-based assay, Computational biology, liquid handling, Trypanosoma brucei, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Article, Analytical Chemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Structure-Activity Relationship, Trypanosomiasis, anti-infective drugs, Drug Discovery, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, compound repositories, enzyme assays or enzyme kinetics, Biotechnology, Molecular Medicine, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Biological Products, Natural product, biology, Drug discovery, Leishmaniasis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Trypanocidal Agents, anti-infective drug, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, chemistry, compound repositorie, Neglected tropical diseases, enzyme assays or enzyme kinetic
Abstract: According to the World Health Organization, more than 1 billion people are at risk of or are affected by neglected tropical diseases. Examples of such diseases include trypanosomiasis, which causes sleeping sickness; leishmaniasis; and Chagas disease, all of which are prevalent in Africa, South America, and India. Our aim within the New Medicines for Trypanosomatidic Infections project was to use (1) synthetic and natural product libraries, (2) screening, and (3) a preclinical absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion-toxicity (ADME-Tox) profiling platform to identify compounds that can enter the trypanosomatidic drug discovery value chain. The synthetic compound libraries originated from multiple scaffolds with known antiparasitic activity and natural products from the Hypha Discovery MycoDiverse natural products library. Our focus was first to employ target-based screening to identify inhibitors of the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei pteridine reductase 1 ( TbPTR1) and second to use a Trypanosoma brucei phenotypic assay that made use of the T. brucei brucei parasite to identify compounds that inhibited cell growth and caused death. Some of the compounds underwent structure-activity relationship expansion and, when appropriate, were evaluated in a preclinical ADME-Tox assay panel. This preclinical platform has led to the identification of lead-like compounds as well as validated hits in the trypanosomatidic drug discovery value chain.
Published: 2019

27. Intracellular adenosine released from THP-1 differentiated human macrophages is involved in an autocrine control of Leishmania parasitic burden, mediated by adenosine A

Author: Dany, Silva, Diana, Moreira, Anabela, Cordeiro-da-Silva, Clara, Quintas, Jorge, Gonçalves, and Paula, Fresco
Subjects: Adenosine, Receptor, Adenosine A2A, THP-1 Cells, Macrophages, Nitric Oxide, Receptor, Adenosine A2B, Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists, Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1, Autocrine Communication, NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester, Body Burden, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Equilibrative-Nucleoside Transporter 2, Leishmania infantum, Nitric Oxide Synthase
Abstract: Leishmania infected macrophages have conditions to produce adenosine. Despite its known immunosuppressive effects, no studies have yet established whether adenosine alter Leishmania parasitic burden upon macrophage infection. This work aimed at investigating whether endogenous adenosine exerts an autocrine modulation of macrophage response towards Leishmania infection, identifying its origin and potential pharmacological targets for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), using THP-1 differentiated macrophages. Adenosine deaminase treatment of infected THP-1 cells reduced the parasitic burden (29.1 ± 2.2%, P 0.05). Adenosine A
Published: 2020

28. Effects of photobiomodulation on interleukin-10 and nitrites in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis – Randomized clinical trial

Author: Kátia De Angelis, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Ariane Viana, Yara Dadalti Fragoso, Maria Fernanda Setúbal Destro Rodrigues, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Alessandro Melo Deana, Tamiris Silva, Sandra Kalil Bussadori, Maria Cristina Chavantes, Luciana Prats Branco, Lucas Andreo, Andréa Oliver Gomes, Anna Carolina Ratto Tempestini Horliana, Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva, Lara Jansiski Motta, and Fernanda Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: Male, Physiology, Gastroenterology, Biochemistry, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, Randomized controlled trial, law, Immune Physiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, Nitrite, Innate Immune System, Multidisciplinary, Neurodegenerative Diseases, Neurochemistry, Arteries, Middle Aged, Pathophysiology, Sports Science, Body Fluids, Interleukin-10, Chemistry, Blood, Neurology, Physical Sciences, Radial Artery, Medicine, Cytokines, Female, Anatomy, Neurochemicals, Lasers, Semiconductor, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Multiple Sclerosis, Science, Immunology, Nitric Oxide, Nitric oxide, Autoimmune Diseases, Young Adult, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Internal medicine, medicine.artery, medicine, Humans, Radial artery, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Low-Level Light Therapy, Exercise, Nitrites, Physical Therapy Modalities, Expanded Disability Status Scale, business.industry, Multiple sclerosis, Chemical Compounds, Biology and Life Sciences, Proteins, Physical Activity, Molecular Development, medicine.disease, Demyelinating Disorders, Clinical trial, chemistry, Physical Fitness, Immune System, Cardiovascular Anatomy, Blood Vessels, Clinical Immunology, Interferons, Clinical Medicine, business, Developmental Biology, Neuroscience
Abstract: Objective Investigate the effects of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the expression of IL-10 and nitrites in individuals with Relapsing-Remitting multiple sclerosis (MS), as these biomarkers play a fundamental role in the physiopathology of the disease. The modulation of IL-10 and nitrites through treatment with PBM may be a novel treatment modality for MS. Methods A randomized, uncontrolled, clinical trial was conducted involving 14 individuals with a diagnosis of Relapsing-Remitting MS and a score of up to 6.0 on the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). The participants were randomized to two groups Group 1 –PBM in the sublingual region; Group 2 –PBM over the radial artery. Irradiation was administered with a wavelength of 808 nm and output power of 100 mW for 360 seconds twice a week, totaling 24 sessions. Peripheral blood was analyzed for the determination of serum levels of IL-10 and nitrites. Results After treatment with PBM, the expression of IL-10 increased in both the sublingual group (pre-treatment: 2.8 ± 1.4 pg/ml; post-treatment: 8.3 ± 2.4 pg/ml) and the radial artery group (pre-treatment: 2.7 pg/ml ± 1.4; post-treatment: 11.7 ± 3.8 pg/ml). In contrast, nitrite levels were not modulated in the sublingual group (pre-treatment: 65 ± 50 nmol/mg protein; post-treatment: 51 ± 42 nmol/mg protein) or the radial artery group (pre-treatment: 51 ± 16 nmol/mg protein; post-treatment: 42 ± 7 nmol/mg protein). Conclusion Treatment with PBM positively modulated the expression of IL-10 but had no effect on nitrite levels. Further studies should be conducted with a larger sample and a control group, as PBM may be a promising complementary treatment for the management of MS. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT03360487.
Published: 2020

29. Engineering a vector-based pan-Leishmania vaccine for humans: proof of principle

Author: Fabiano Oliveira, Tiago D. Serafim, James Oristian, Claudio Meneses, Pedro Cecílio, Jesus G. Valenzuela, Anabela Cordeiro da Silva, and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Parasitic infection, T-Lymphocytes, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Genetic Vectors, Context (language use), Proof of Concept Study, Article, DNA vaccination, Epitopes, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, Leishmaniasis Vaccines, Vaccines, Multidisciplinary, biology, Immunogenicity, Reverse vaccinology, T-Lymphocytes / immunology, Leishmaniasis, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, Epitopes / immunology, Virology, 030104 developmental biology, Visceral leishmaniasis, Vector (epidemiology), Medicine, Parasitology, Genetic Engineering, Leishmaniasis Vaccines / immunology, Epitope Mapping
Abstract: Leishmaniasis is a spectrum of diseases transmitted by sand fly vectors that deposit Leishmania spp. parasites in the host skin during blood feeding. Currently, available treatment options are limited, associated with high toxicity and emerging resistance. Even though a vaccine for human leishmaniasis is considered an achievable goal, to date we still do not have one available, a consequence (amongst other factors) of a lack of pre-clinical to clinical translatability. Pre-exposure to uninfected sand fly bites or immunization with defined sand fly salivary proteins was shown to negatively impact infection. Still, cross-protection reports are rare and dependent on the phylogenetic proximity of the sand fly species, meaning that the applicability of a sand fly saliva-based vaccine will be limited to a defined geography, one parasite species and one form of leishmaniasis. As a proof of principle of a future vector saliva-based pan-Leishmania vaccine, we engineered through a reverse vaccinology approach that maximizes translation to humans, a fusion protein consisting of immunogenic portions of PdSP15 and LJL143, sand fly salivary proteins demonstrated as potential vaccine candidates against cutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis, respectively. The in silico analysis was validated ex vivo, through T cell proliferation experiments, proving that the fusion protein (administered as a DNA vaccine) maintained the immunogenicity of both PdSP15 and LJL143. Additionally, while no significant effect was detected in the context of L. major transmission by P. duboscqi, this DNA vaccine was defined as partially protective, in the context of L. major transmission by L. longipalpis sand flies. Importantly, a high IFN¿ response alone was not enough to confer protection, that mainly correlated with low T cell mediated Leishmania-specific IL-4 and IL-10 responses, and consequently with high pro/anti-inflammatory cytokine ratios. Overall our immunogenicity data suggests that to design a potentially safe vector-based pan-Leishmania vaccine, without geographic restrictions and against all forms of leishmaniasis is an achievable goal. This is why we propose our approach as a proof-of principle, perhaps not only applicable to the anti-Leishmania vector-based vaccines’ field, but also to other branches of knowledge that require the design of multi-epitope T cell vaccines with a higher potential for translation. The research leading to these results has received funding from the project NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This research was also supported in part by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. PC was supported by Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), Portugal, through the individual Grant SFRH/BD/121252/2016. PC was also supported by Fulbright Portugal. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Published: 2020

30. Photobiomodulation improves motor response in patients with spinal cord injury submitted to electromyographic evaluation: randomized clinical trial

Author: Fabiano Politti, Kristianne Porta Santos Fernandes, Andréa Oliver Gomes, Fernanda Cordeiro da Silva, Raquel Agnelli Mesquita-Ferrari, Daniela de Fátima Teixeira da Silva, Paulo Roberto da Costa Palácio, and Sandra Kalil Bussadori
Subjects: Adult, Male, Dermatology, Electromyography, Placebo, Biceps, law.invention, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Isotonic, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Isotonic Contraction, Low-Level Light Therapy, Muscle, Skeletal, Spinal cord injury, Spinal Cord Injuries, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Treatment Outcome, Spinal Cord, Anesthesia, Female, Surgery, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, After treatment
Abstract: Photobiomodulation is a treatment that has been widely used in neurotrauma and neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study, low-level laser therapy was administered to patients with spinal cord injury. Twenty-five individuals were divided into two groups: placebo photobiomodulation plus physiotherapy and active photobiomodulation plus physiotherapy. Electromyographic evaluations were performed before and after 12 sessions of phototherapy as well as 30 days after the end of treatment. In the active phototherapy group, median frequency values of the brachial biceps and femoral quadriceps muscles were higher at rest and during isotonic contraction 30 days after photobiomodulation (p = 0.0258). No significant results were found regarding the rest and isotonic conditions in the pre-photobiomodulation period (p = 0.950) or immediately following photobiomodulation (p = 0.262). The data provide evidence that phototherapy improves motor responses in individuals with spinal cord injury, as demonstrated by differences in the EMG signal before and after treatment. Trial registration: NCT 03031223
Published: 2018

31. Aryl thiosemicarbazones for the treatment of trypanosomatidic infections

Author: Maria Kuzikov, Gesa Witt, Bruno dos Santos Pascoalino, Caio Haddad Franco, Luca Costantino, Rosaria Luciani, Laura M. Alcantara, Nuno Santarém, Sara Macedo, Antonio Quotadamo, Lucio H. Freitas-Junior, Bernhard Ellinger, Carolina B. Moraes, Stefania Ferrari, Maria Paola Costi, Sheraz Gul, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Pasquale Linciano, and Publica
Subjects: Thiosemicarbazones, 0301 basic medicine, Trypanosoma, Stereochemistry, hERG, Antiprotozoal Agents, Trypanosoma brucei, 01 natural sciences, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, Thiadiazoles, Early-toxicity, Leishmania infantum, pan-anti-trypanosomatidic activity, Thiosemicarbazone, Trypanosoma cruzi, Pharmacology, Drug Discovery3003 Pharmaceutical Science, Organic Chemistry, parasitic diseases, Drug Discovery, medicine, Humans, Chagas Disease, Amastigote, Semicarbazone, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, biology, Macrophages, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, Mitochondrial toxicity, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, biology.protein
Abstract: Basing on a library of thiadiazole derivatives showing anti-trypanosomatidic activity, we have considered the thiadiazoles opened forms and reaction intermediates, thiosemicarbazones, as compounds of interest for phenotypic screening against Trypanosoma brucei (Tb), intracellular amastigote form of Leishmania infantum (Li) and Trypanosoma cruzi (Tc). Similar compounds have already shown interesting activity against the same organisms. The compounds were particularly effective against T. brucei and T. cruzi. Among the 28 synthesized compounds, the best one was (E)-2-(4-((3.4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)benzylidene) hydrazinecarbothioamide (A14) yielding a comparable anti-parasitic activity against the three parasitic species (TbEC50 = 2.31 mM, LiEC50 = 6.14 mM, TcEC50 = 1.31 mM) and a Selectivity Index higher than 10 with respect to human macrophages, therefore showing a pan-anti-trypanosomatidic activity. (E)-2-((3'.4'-dimethoxy-[1.1'-biphenyl]-3-yl)methyle ne) hydrazinecarbothioamide (A12) and (E)-2-(4-((3.4-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)benzylidene)hydrazine carbothioamide (A14) were able to potentiate the anti-parasitic activity of methotrexate (MTX) when evaluated in combination against T. brucei, yielding a 6-fold and 4-fold respectively Dose Reduction Index for MTX. The toxicity profile against four human cell lines and a panel of in vitro early-toxicity assays (comprising hERG, Aurora B, five cytochrome P450 isoforms and mitochondrial toxicity) demonstrated the low toxicity for the thosemicarbazones class in comparison with known drugs. The results confirmed thiosemicarbazones as a suitable chemical scaffold with potential for the development of properly decorated new anti-parasitic drugs.
Published: 2018

32. A randomized controlled trial of exercise during pregnancy on maternal and neonatal outcomes: results from the PAMELA study

Author: Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva, Diego G. Bassani, Andréa Dâmaso Bertoldi, Mariângela Freitas da Silveira, Marlos Rodrigues Domingues, Pedro C. Hallal, Carolina de Vargas Nunes Coll, Shana Ginar da Silva, Kelly R. Evenson, and Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: Medicine (miscellaneous), Weight Gain, Maternal-child health, law.invention, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, Pre-Eclampsia, law, Pregnancy, Medicine, Birth Weight, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:RC620-627, 2. Zero hunger, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, Nutrition and Dietetics, Obstetrics, Incidence, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Pregnancy Outcome, Gestational age, Prenatal Care, 3. Good health, Gestational diabetes, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Premature birth, Premature Birth, Female, Brazil, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Birth weight, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Gestational Age, Prenatal care, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Humans, Exercise, Intention-to-treat analysis, business.industry, Physical activity, Research, Infant, Pregnant woman, lcsh:RA1-1270, Intervention studies, medicine.disease, Diabetes, Gestational, Sample Size, Patient Compliance, business
Abstract: Background Women are encouraged to be physically active during pregnancy. Despite available evidence supporting antenatal physical activity to bring health benefits for both the mother and child, the most effective way to prevent some maternal and fetal outcomes is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an exercise intervention to prevent negative maternal and newborn health outcomes. Methods A randomized controlled trial (RCT) nested into the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study was carried-out with 639 healthy pregnant women, 213 in the intervention group (IG) and 426 in the control (CG) group. An exercise-based intervention was conducted three times/week for 16 weeks from 16-20 to 32-36 weeks’ gestation. The main outcomes were preterm birth and pre-eclampsia. Gestational age was calculated based on several parameters, including routine ultrassounds and/or last menstrual period and categorized as = 70% of the recommended exercise sessions. A total of 594 participants (IG:198; CG: 396) were included in the ITT and 479 (IG: 83; CG: 396) were included in the per protocol analyses. There were no significant differences in the incidence of preterm birth and pre-eclampsia between groups in the ITT and per protocol analysis. There were also no differences between the two groups in mean gestational weight gain, gestational diabetes, birth weight, infant length, and head circumference. Conclusions While the RCT did not support the benefits of exercise performed during pregnancy on preeclampsia and preterm birth, the exercise program also did not present adverse impacts on newborn health. Our findings may contribute to promote intervention strategies that motivate health providers to encourage pregnant women to be more physically active. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02148965, registered on 22 May 2014. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-017-0632-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2017

33. Root length and alveolar bone level of impacted canines and adjacent teeth after orthodontic traction: a long-term evaluation

Author: Renata Rodrigues de Almeida-Pedrin, Leopoldino Capelozza Filho, Anderson Capistrano, Aldir Cordeiro da Silva, Ana Cláudia de Castro Ferreira Conti, and Mauricio de Almeida Cardoso
Subjects: Male, Cuspid, Time Factors, Tooth Movement Techniques, medicine.medical_treatment, Tooth eruption, Group ii, Alveolar Bone Loss, Root Resorption, Dentistry, Root resorption, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, stomatognathic system, Root length, Risk Factors, Statistical significance, Alveolar Process, Humans, Medicine, Tooth Root, Child, General Dentistry, Dental alveolus, Retrospective Studies, Orthodontics, Tooth Eruption, Ectopic, Orthodontic Extrusion, Impacted tooth, business.industry, Tooth, Impacted, Cone-beam computed tomography, Reproducibility of Results, Corrective orthodontics, 030206 dentistry, Buccal administration, Traction (orthopedics), lcsh:RK1-715, stomatognathic diseases, Treatment Outcome, lcsh:Dentistry, Original Article, Female, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Objective The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the long-term effects of orthodontic traction on root length and alveolar bone level in impacted canines and adjacent teeth. Material and Methods Sample consisted of 16 patients (nine males and seven females), mean initial age 11 years and 8 months presenting with unilaterally maxillary impacted canines, palatally displaced, treated with the same surgical and orthodontic approach. Teeth from the impacted-canine side were assigned as Group I (GI), and contralateral teeth as control, Group II (GII). The mean age of patients at the end of orthodontic treatment was 14 years and 2 months and the mean post-treatment time was 5 years and 11 months. Both contralateral erupted maxillary canines and adjacent teeth served as control. Root length and alveolar bone level (buccal and palatal) were evaluated on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. The comparison of root length and alveolar bone level changes between groups were assessed by applying paired t-test, at a significance level of 5% (p
Published: 2017

34. [Validation study on self-reported visual impairment among undergraduate students at the Federal University of Pelotas]

Author: Juliana das Chagas Meroni, Tissot, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da, Silva, and Ana Maria Baptista, Menezes
Subjects: Young Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Prevalence, Vision Disorders, Visual Acuity, Humans, Self Report, Students
Abstract: The objectives of the study were to assess the prevalence of self-reported visual impairment among undergraduate students between 18 and 39 years of age at the Federal University of Pelotas, and to validate a question about visual impairment in a subsample of the participants. A cross-sectional study was conducted by asking the question "Do you have any difficulty seeing up close and/or in the distance?" As the gold standard for the validation study, visual acuity (VA) was measured using the Snellen chart. Patients with VA less than 20/40 in either eye were considered to have reduced VA. The prevalence of self-reported visual impairment was 37.3% (95% CI: 35.1-39.6) and VA less than 20/40 in either eye was 6.9% (95% CI: 5.3-8.9). The question revealed sensitivity of 71.4% (95 CI: 57.8-82.7), specificity of 66.9% (95% CI: 63.4-70.2), positive predictive value of 13.8% (95% CI: 10.0-18.3), and negative predictive value of 96.9% (95% CI: 95,1-98.2). The results indicated a high prevalence of self-reported visual impairment among university students. The question showed reasonable sensitivity and specificity and high negative predictive value and may be used for screening for ophthalmological evaluation among young adult university students.Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a prevalência de dificuldade visual autorrelatada entre acadêmicos de 18 a 39 anos de idade da Universidade Federal de Pelotas e realizar a validação de uma pergunta sobre dificuldade visual em uma subamostra dos participantes, com dados coletados entre novembro de 2017 e julho de 2018. Realizou-se um estudo transversal com a pergunta “Você tem alguma dificuldade para enxergar de perto e/ou de longe?”. Como padrão-ouro para o estudo de validação, a acuidade visual (AV) foi medida através da tabela de Snellen. Considera-se AV alterada quando menor que 20/40 em qualquer olho. A prevalência de dificuldade visual autorrelatada foi de 37,3% (IC95%: 35,1-39,6) e a de AV menor que 20/40 em qualquer olho foi 6,9% (IC95%: 5,3-8,9). A pergunta apresentou sensibilidade 71,4% (IC95%: 57,8-82,7), especificidade 66,9% (IC95%: 63,4-70,2), valor preditivo positivo 13,8% (IC95%: 10,0-18,3) e valor preditivo negativo 96,9% (IC95%: 95,1-98,2). Os resultados indicaram alta prevalência de dificuldade visual autorrelatada entre os universitários e pergunta com sensibilidade e especificidade razoáveis e com alto valor preditivo negativo, podendo ser utilizada como triagem para consulta com oftalmologista e em estudos epidemiológicos com jovens adultos universitários.
Published: 2019

35. In Vitro Infections of Macrophage-Like Cell Lines with Leishmania infantum for Drug Screening

Author: Nuno, Santarém, Joana, Tavares, and Anabela, Cordeiro-da-Silva
Subjects: THP-1 Cells, Macrophages, Antiprotozoal Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate, Leishmania infantum, Cell Line
Abstract: The study of in vitro infections is essential to evaluate distinct aspects of Leishmania biology and also invaluable for more meaningful in vitro screening of promising chemical entities. Macrophage-like cells lines from different origins are amenable to Leishmania infection. Cell lines due to their stability and standardization potential are highly valued for their capacity to support reproducible infections and consistent data. In fact, these cells have been a mainstay of leishmaniasis research for more than 40 years. In this context, the human monocytic THP-1 cell line is commonly used as it can be differentiated with phorbol-12myristate-13-acetate (PMA) into macrophages that are susceptible to Leishmania infection. In this section, we will describe generalities concerning the use of cell lines for in vitro Leishmania infection using THP-1 derived macrophages and Leishmania infantum axenic amastigotes expressing luciferase associated to preclinical drug screening as example.
Published: 2019

36. How many days are needed to estimate wrist-worn accelerometry-assessed physical activity during the second trimester in pregnancy?

Author: Pedro C. Hallal, Kelly R. Evenson, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Márcio de Almeida Mendes, Shana Ginar da Silva, Marlos Rodrigues Domingues, Gloria Isabel Niño Cruz, Ulf Ekelund, and Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva
Subjects: Wrist Joint, Time Factors, Cross-sectional study, Names of the days of the week, Physiology, Maternal Health, Wrist, Accelerometer, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Accelerometry, Medicine and Health Sciences, Public and Occupational Health, 030212 general & internal medicine, Musculoskeletal System, Multidisciplinary, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sports Science, Socioeconomic Aspects of Health, Arms, medicine.anatomical_structure, Physiological Parameters, Research Design, Pregnancy Trimester, Second, Medicine, Engineering and Technology, Female, Analysis of variance, Anatomy, Brazil, Cohort study, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Science, Physical activity, Research and Analysis Methods, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Exercise, business.industry, Body Weight, Reproducibility of Results, Biology and Life Sciences, 030229 sport sciences, Physical Activity, medicine.disease, Health Care, Cross-Sectional Studies, Physical Fitness, Body Limbs, Physical therapy, Women's Health, Electronics, Accelerometers, business, human activities
Abstract: BackgroundObjective methods to measure physical activity (PA) can lead to better cross-cultural comparisons, monitoring temporal PA trends, and measuring the effect of interventions. However, when applying this technology in field-work, the accelerometer data processing is prone to methodological issues. One of the most challenging issues relates to standardizing total wear time to provide reliable data across participants. It is generally accepted that at least 4 complete days of accelerometer wear represent a week for adults. It is not known if this same assumption holds true for pregnant women.AimWe assessed the optimal number of days needed to obtain reliable estimates of overall PA and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) during the 2nd trimester in pregnancy using a raw triaxial wrist-worn accelerometer.MethodsCross-sectional analyses were carried out in the antenatal wave of the 2015 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort Study. Participants wore the wrist ActiGraph wGT3X-BT accelerometer for seven consecutive days. The daily average acceleration, which indicated overall PA, was measured as milli-g (mg), and time spent in MVPA (minutes/day) was analyzed in 5-minute bouts. ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare variability across days of the week. Bland-Altman plots and the Spearman-Brown Prophecy Formula were applied to determine the reliability coefficient associated with one to seven days of measurement.ResultsAmong 2,082 pregnant women who wore the accelerometer for seven complete days, overall and MVPA were lower on Sundays compared to other days of the week. Reliability of > = 0.80 to evaluate overall PA was reached with at least three monitoring days, whereas seven days were needed to estimate reliable measures of MVPA.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that obtaining one week of accelerometry in adults is appropriate for pregnant women, particularly to obtain differences on weekend days and reliably estimate overall PA and MVPA.
Published: 2019

37. Associação entre aleitamento materno, antropometria e composição corporal em mulheres de 30 anos de idade

Author: Elma Izze da Silva Magalhães, Janaína Vieira dos Santos Motta, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Fernando C. Barros, Bernardo L. Horta, Natália Peixoto Lima, and Diego G. Bassani
Subjects: Adult, Multivariate analysis, Waist, Breastfeeding, lcsh:Medicine, Aleitamento Materno, Lactancia Materna, Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, Surveys and Questionnaires, Composição Corporal, Humans, Medicine, Childbirth, Lactation, Mass index, Women, Composición Corporal, Adiposity, 030505 public health, Anthropometry, Lactancia, business.industry, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:R, Confounding, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, Lactação, Mujeres, Mulheres, Breast Feeding, Socioeconomic Factors, Antropometría, Body Composition, Female, Waist Circumference, 0305 other medical science, business, Live birth, Brazil, Antropometria, Demography
Abstract: This study aimed at assessing the association of breastfeeding with maternal body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass index, fat free mass index, android/gynoid fat ratio and bone mineral density. In 1982, the maternity hospitals in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, were daily visited and all live births were identified and examined. These subjects underwent follow-up for several times. At 30 years of age, the participants were interviewed and examined. Parous women provided information on parity and duration of breastfeeding. Multiple linear regression was used in the multivariate analysis, controlling for genomic ancestry, family income, schooling and smoking at 2004-2005. After controlling for confounding factors, breastfeeding was inversely associated with BMI and fat mass index, whereas breastfeeding per live birth was negatively associated with BMI, waist circumference and fat mass index. Women who had had a child in the last 5 years and had breastfed, showed lower BMI (β = -2.12, 95%CI: -4.2; -0.1), waist circumference (β = -4.46, 95%CI: -8.3; -0.6) and fat mass index (β = -1.79, 95%CI: -3.3; -0.3), whereas no association was observed among those whose last childbirth was > 5 years, but the p-value for the tests of interaction were > 0.05. Our findings suggest that breastfeeding is associated with lower BMI and other adiposity measures, mostly in the first years after delivery. Besides that, it has no negative impact on bone mineral density. Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a associação entre aleitamento materno e índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura, índice de massa gorda, índice de massa magra, razão de gordura andróide/ginóide e densidade mineral óssea maternos. Em 1982, as maternidades de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, foram visitadas diariamente e todos os nascidos vivos foram identificados e examinados. Essas pessoas foram seguidas em diversos momentos. Aos 30 anos de idade, as participantes foram entrevistadas e examinadas. As que haviam dado à luz forneceram informação sobre paridade e duração do aleitamento materno. Usamos regressão múltipla linear na análise multivariada, controlando por ancestralidade genômica, renda familiar, escolaridade e tabagismo em 2004-2005. Após controlar por fatores de confundimento, o aleitamento materno estava inversamente associado ao IMC e índice de massa gorda, enquanto o aleitamento materno por nascido vivo estava negativamente associado ao IMC, circunferência da cintura e índice de massa gorda. Mulheres que haviam dado à luz nos últimos 5 anos e que haviam amamentado apresentaram IMC (β = -2,12, IC95%: -4,2; -0,1), circunferência da cintura (β = -4,46, IC95%: -8,3; -0,6) e índice de massa gorda (β = -1,79, IC95%: -3,3; -0,3) mais baixos. Nenhuma associação foi observada entre aquelas cujo último parto havia sido > 5 anos, mas o valor de p dos testes de interação foi > 0,05. Nossos resultados sugerem que o aleitamento materno está associado a valores mais baixos de IMC e de outras medidas de adiposidade, especialmente nos primeiros anos após o parto. Adicionalmente, o aleitamento não tem impacto negativo sobre a densidade mineral óssea. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre lactancia materna, índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura, índice de grasa corporal, índice de masa libre de grasa, proporción de grasa en hombres/mujeres y densidad mineral ósea. En 1982, se visitaron diariamente hospitales maternales en Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, y se identificaron y examinaron todos los nacimientos vivos. A estos últimos se les realizó un seguimiento en varias ocasiones. Se entrevistó y examinó a madres con 30 años de edad. Las mujeres con hijos proporcionaron información en paridad y duración de la lactancia. Se usó una regresión múltiple lineal en el análisis multivariado, controlando la ascendencia genómica, los ingresos por hogar, la escolaridad y ser fumador en 2004-2005. Tras controlar los factores de confusión, la lactancia estuvo inversamente asociada con el IMC y el índice de grasa corporal, mientras que la lactancia en nacimientos vivos estuvo negativamente asociada con el IMC, el perímetro de cintura y el índice de masa corporal. Las mujeres que tuvieron un niño en los últimos 5 años, y habían amamantado alguna vez, tuvieron un menor IMC (β = -2,12, IC95%: -4,2; -0,1), perímetro de cintura (β = -4,46, IC95%: -8,3; -0,6) e índice de grasa corporal (β = -1,79, C95%: -3,3; -0,3), mientras que no se observó ninguna asociación entre quienes tuvieron el último parto en > 5 años, pero el valor de p para las pruebas de interacción fue > 0,05. Nuestros resultados plantean que la lactancia materna está asociada con el IMC y otras medidas de adiposidad, la mayor parte durante los primeros años tras el parto. Asimismo, no tuvo impacto negativo en la densidad mineral ósea.
Published: 2019

38. Discovery of a benzothiophene-flavonol halting miltefosine and antimonial drug resistance in Leishmania parasites through the application of medicinal chemistry, screening and genomics

Author: Chiara Borsari, Maria Kuzikov, Catarina Baptista, Juan J. Torrado, Joachim Clos, Paloma Tejera Nevado, Maria Paola Costi, José María Alunda, Eugenia Bifeld, María Dolores Jiménez-Antón, Julia Eick, Caio Haddad Franco, Dorothea Zander-Dinse, Jeanette Reinshagen, Pasquale Linciano, Annalisa Tait, Nuno Santarém, María Jesús Corral, Gesa Witt, Luca Costantino, Glauco Ponterini, Rosaria Luciani, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Markus Wolf, Leda Severi, Carolina B. Moraes, Ana Isabel Olías-Molero, Sheraz Gul, Bernhard Ellinger, Stefania Ferrari, and Publica
Subjects: Flavonols, Phosphorylcholine, Antiprotozoal Agents, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug Resistance, Thiophenes, Drug resistance, Pharmacology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Pharmacokinetics, In vivo, Cricetinae, parasitic diseases, Drug Discovery, medicine, Animals, Humans, Trypanosoma cruzi, Leishmaniasis, 030304 developmental biology, Leishmania, 0303 health sciences, Miltefosine, biology, 010405 organic chemistry, Chemistry, Drug discovery, Organic Chemistry, Genomics, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, Leishmaniasis Flavonoid-like scaffold Pharmacokinetic studies Drug resistance Genomic studies Fluorescence, Antimonial, Leishmania infantum, medicine.drug
Abstract: Leishmaniasis, a major health problem worldwide, has a limited arsenal of drugs for its control. The appearance of resistance to first- and second-line anti-leishmanial drugs confirms the need to develop new and less toxic drugs that overcome spontaneous resistance. In the present study, we report the design and synthesis of a novel library of 38 flavonol-like compounds and their evaluation in a panel of assays encompassing parasite killing, pharmacokinetics, genomics and ADME-Toxicity resulting in the progression of a compound in the drug discovery value chain. Compound 19, 2-(benzo[b]thiophen-3-yl)-3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one, exhibited a broad-spectrum activity against Leishmania spp. (EC50 1.9 mM for Leishmania infantum, 3.4 mM for L. donovani, 6.7 mM for L. major), Trypanosoma cruzi (EC50 7.5 mM) and T. brucei (EC50 0.8 mM). Focusing on anti-Leishmania activity, compound 19 challenge in vitro did not select for resistance markers in L. donovani, while a Cos-Seq screening for dominant resistance genes identified a gene locus on chromosome 36 that became ineffective at concentrations beyond EC50. Thus, compound 19 is a promising scaffold to tackle drug resistance in Leishmania infection. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies indicated that compound 19 has a long half-life (intravenous (IV): 63.2 h; per os (PO): 46.9 h) with an acceptable ADME-Toxicity profile. When tested in Leishmania infected hamsters, no toxicity and limited efficacy were observed. Low solubility and degradation were investigated spectroscopically as possible causes for the sub-optimal pharmacokinetic properties. Compound 19 resulted a specific compound based on the screening against a protein set, following the intrinsic fluorescence changes.
Published: 2019

39. Profiling of Flavonol Derivatives for the Development of Antitrypanosomatidic Drugs

Author: Paloma Tejera Nevado, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, María Jesús Corral, Gesa Witt, Catarina Baptista, Rebecca C. Wade, G. Landi, José Mª Alunda, Juan J. Torrado, Bernhard Ellinger, Maria Kuzikov, Maria Paola Costi, Julia Eick, Stefano Mangani, Jeanette Reinshagen, Eugenia Bifeld, Nuno Santarém, Sheraz Gul, Manfred Kohler, Stefania Ferrari, Joachim Clos, María Dolores Jiménez-Antón, Lucia Dello Iacono, Birte Behrens, Philip Gribbon, Cecilia Pozzi, Oliver Keminer, Markus Wolf, Luca Costantino, Stefan Henrich, Matteo Trande, Rosaria Luciani, Ina Poehner, Flavio Di Pisa, Annalisa Tait, Federica Pellati, Chiara Borsari, and Publica
Subjects: Models, Molecular, 0301 basic medicine, Flavonols, Stereochemistry, Phenotypic screening, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Trypanosoma brucei, 01 natural sciences, Flavonol Derivatives, Drug Development, Antitrypanosomatidic Drugs, enzyme inhibition, x-ray crystallography, drug delivery, Cell Line, Mice, Structure-Activity Relationship, 03 medical and health sciences, Parasitic Sensitivity Tests, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Structure–activity relationship, EC50, chemistry.chemical_classification, Biological Products, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Molecular Structure, biology, Macrophages, Drug Discovery3003 Pharmaceutical Science, biology.organism_classification, Trypanocidal Agents, In vitro, 0104 chemical sciences, 3. Good health, 010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine, Docking (molecular), Toxicity
Abstract: Flavonoids represent a potential source of new antitrypanosomatidic leads. Starting from a library of natural products, we combined target-based screening on pteridine reductase 1 with phenotypic screening on Trypanosoma brucei for hit identification. Flavonols were identified as hits, and a library of 16 derivatives was synthesized. Twelve compounds showed EC50 values against T. brucei below 10 μM. Four X-ray crystal structures and docking studies explained the observed structure-activity relationships. Compound 2 (3,6-dihydroxy-2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one) was selected for pharmacokinetic studies. Encapsulation of compound 2 in PLGA nanoparticles or cyclodextrins resulted in lower in vitro toxicity when compared to the free compound. Combination studies with methotrexate revealed that compound 13 (3-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one) has the highest synergistic effect at concentration of 1.3 μM, 11.7-fold dose reduction index and no toxicity toward host cells. Our results provide the basis for further chemical modifications aimed at identifying novel antitrypanosomatidic agents showing higher potency toward PTR1 and increased metabolic stability.
Published: 2016

40. Associations of physical activity and sedentary time with body composition in Brazilian young adults

Author: Ulf Ekelund, Emanuella De Lucia Rolfe, Ken K. Ong, Inácio Crochemore Mohnsam da Silva, Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva, Soren Brage, Giovanny Vinícius Araújo de França, Shana Ginar da Silva, Bernardo L. Horta, Natália Peixoto Lima, Lima, Natália Peixoto [0000-0002-7181-3717], Horta, Bernardo Lessa [0000-0001-9843-412X], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Adult, Male, Waist, lcsh:Medicine, Article, Body Mass Index, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Weight management, Medicine, Humans, Mass index, Prospective Studies, Young adult, lcsh:Science, Exercise, 2. Zero hunger, Sedentary time, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, lcsh:R, Circumference, 030104 developmental biology, Cross-Sectional Studies, Body Composition, lcsh:Q, Female, Sedentary Behavior, Waist Circumference, business, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Brazil, Demography
Abstract: The findings of studies on the association between physical activity and adiposity are not consistent, and most are cross-sectional and used only self-reported measures. The aims of this study were to evaluate: 1) independent and combined cross-sectional associations of objectively-measured physical activity and sedentary time with body composition outcomes at 30 years, and 2) prospective associations of changes in self-reported physical activity from 23 to 30 years with the same outcomes in participants from the 1982 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Body mass index, waist circumference, visceral abdominal fat, fat mass index, and android/gynoid fat ratio were the outcomes. 3,206 participants were analysed. In cross-sectional analyses, higher objectively-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with lower body mass index (β = 0.017, 95%CI: −0.026; −0.009), waist circumference (β = −0.043, 95%CI: −0.061; −0.025), visceral abdominal fat (β = −0.006, 95%CI: −0.009; −0.003), and fat mass index (β = −0.015, 95%CI: −0.021; −0.009), independent of sedentary time. Sedentary time was independently associated only with higher fat mass index (β = 0.003, 95%CI: 0.001; 0.005). In longitudinal analyses, using self-reported measure, adiposity was lower among those who were consistently active or who became active. Adiposity was similar among the “became inactive” and “consistently inactive” subjects. Our findings suggest metabolic benefits from engagement in physical activity throughout young adulthood, with stronger associations on concurrent levels.
Published: 2018

41. Social inequalities in mental disorders and substance misuse in young adults:a birth cohort study in Southern Brazil

Author: Tiago N. Munhoz, Luciana Anselmi, Fernando C. Barros, Alicia Matijasevich, Alan Stein, Iná S. Santos, Seena Fazel, Bernardo L. Horta, Luis Augusto Rohde, Rebecca M. Pearson, and Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: Male, Health (social science), Young adulthood, Adulto jovem, Epidemiology, Determinantes sociais da saúde, Life course epidemiology, Suicide, Attempted, Mental disorders, Cohort Studies, Social determinants of health, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Young adult, Alcoolismo, Mental Disorders, Transtornos mentais, 3. Good health, Psychiatry and Mental health, Classe social, Socioeconomic status, Income, Female, Birth cohort, Brazil, Adult, Transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias, Social Psychology, Substance-Related Disorders, Alcohol abuse, Family income, 03 medical and health sciences, Prevalence of mental disorders, Substance misuse disorders, Humans, Social inequality, Poverty, Original Paper, business.industry, Brasil, Health Status Disparities, Retention rate, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, business, Demography
Abstract: Purpose To investigate the association between mental disorders and substance misuse at 30 years of age with gender, socioeconomic position at birth, and family income trajectories. Methods The 1982 Pelotas Birth Cohort was used; all 5914 children born alive at hospital were originally enrolled (99.2% of all city births). In 2012, 3701 subjects were located and interviewed (68% retention rate). Mental disorders and substance misuse were assessed, and their prevalence analysed according to gender, socioeconomic status at birth, and four different income trajectories: always poor, never poor, poor at birth/non-poor at age 30, and non-poor at birth/poor at age 30. Results While women presented higher prevalence of mental disorders, substance misuse was much more frequent among men. Individuals in the lowest income quintile at birth presented 2–5 times more mental disorders and substance misuse than those in the highest quintile. Young adults who were always poor or were not poor at birth but were poor at 30 years of age had a higher prevalence of mental disorders than the other groups. Conclusions The high rates of mental disorders and lifetime suicide attempts in young adults, especially those who were always poor or became poor after childhood, suggest that recent socioeconomic-related stressful situations may have a higher impact on the current mental health than events earlier in life. However, we could not identify at what specific ages socioeconomic changes were more important. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00127-018-1526-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

42. Spatial distribution of maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence: An ecological analysis to identify high-risk areas

Author: Lorena Marques da Nóbrega, Carmen Lúcia Soares Gomes de Medeiros, José Régis Cordeiro da Silva, Sérgio d'Avila, Ricardo Alves de Olinda, and Ítalo de Macedo Bernardino
Subjects: Adult, Male, Urban Population, Poison control, Violence, Occupational safety and health, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Residence Characteristics, Risk Factors, Injury prevention, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cities, General Dentistry, Neighbourhood (mathematics), Socioeconomic status, Statistic, Spatial Analysis, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030206 dentistry, Socioeconomic Factors, Female, Maxillofacial Injuries, business, Brazil, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract: OBJECTIVES To investigate the spatial and spatial-temporal distribution of oral and maxillofacial injuries caused by urban violence, as well as to identify underlying disparities at regional level through a geostatistical approach. METHODS This was a historical ecological cohort study of trauma cases caused by urban violence using aggregate data from victims assisted in a Brazilian medical-forensic service between January 2012 and December 2015. The longitudinal patterns of change observed in each geographic area (neighbourhoods) were evaluated using the finite mixture model (FMM). The spatial autocorrelation of events was investigated using the Getis-Ord Indicator (Gi*) to identify significant hot and cold spatial clusters. With a spatial regression model, it was also found when socioeconomic variables, residential infrastructure and neighbourhood infrastructure were associated with high incidence rates. The significance level was set at P ≤ 0.05. RESULTS The finite mixture model revealed three different patterns of longitudinal trajectory of the incidence of oral and maxillofacial trauma caused by urban violence (TP1 to TP3, P
Published: 2018

43. Infection of hematopoietic stem cells by Leishmania infantum increases erythropoiesis and alters the phenotypic and functional profiles of progeny

Author: Daniel Dias Ribeiro, Olindo Assis Martins-Filho, Raquel Carvalho-Gontijo, Diana Moreira, Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Matheus Fernandes Costa-Silva, Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães, Mariana Resende, Ricardo Silvestre, Cláudia Maria Franco Ribeiro, and Universidade do Minho
Subjects: Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Hematopoietic progeny, Cellular differentiation, Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas], Immunology, Bone Marrow Cells, Stem cells, Host-Parasite Interactions, Stem cells Leishmania Hematopoiesis Hematopoietic progeny Immunophenotyping, Immunophenotyping, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Phagocytosis, medicine, Humans, Erythropoiesis, Leishmania infantum, Progenitor cell, Aged, Leishmania, Science & Technology, biology, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Cell Differentiation, Middle Aged, Hematopoietic Stem Cells, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Hematopoiesis, Haematopoiesis, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica, Cytokines, Female, Bone marrow, Stem cell, 030215 immunology
Abstract: Immunosuppression is a well-established risk factor for Visceral Leishmaniasis. Post-immunosuppression leishmaniasis is characterized by an increase of parasite burden, hematopoietic disorders and unusual clinical manifestations. Although there are many reports on bone marrow findings in VL, less is known about the relationship between parasite dynamics in this organ and the function of either hematopoietic stem cells and progenitor cells themselves. In the present study, we tackle these issues using a new approach of infecting human stem cells derived from bone marrow with L. infantum. Using this strategy, we show that human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) are able to phagocytize L. infantum promastigotes and release modulatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines, mainly TNF-α. Our results demonstrated that L. infantum infection in vitro enhances hematopoiesis, favoring the development of erythrocitic lineage through a mechanism yet unknown. Moreover, we found that L. infantum infection alters the phenotypic profile of the hematopoietic progeny; modifying the surface markers expression of differentiated cells. Thus, our study represents a rare opportunity to monitor the in vitro differentiation of human stem cells experimentally infected by L. infantum to better understand the consequences of the infection on phenotypic and functional profile of the cell progeny., Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) – APQ-000647-13, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) by fellowship awarded to LRVA, OAMF and ATC. RCG received fellowship from CNPq program. DM is supported by a PhD fellowship SFRH/BD/91543/2012, MR is supported by a PhD fellowship SFRH/BD/89871/2012. RS is supported by FCT Investigator 2014 (IF/00021/2014), info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2018

44. Evaluating the Role of Host AMPK in Leishmania Burden

Author: Diana, Moreira, Jérôme, Estaquier, Anabela, Cordeiro-da-Silva, and Ricardo, Silvestre
Subjects: Macrophages, Primary Cell Culture, Enzyme Activators, Cell Separation, AMP-Activated Protein Kinases, Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases, Parasite Load, Host-Parasite Interactions, Enzyme Activation, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Disease Models, Animal, Mice, Sirtuin 1, Animals, Humans, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Leishmania infantum, Phosphorylation, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Cells, Cultured
Abstract: The study of host AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation during Leishmania infection imposes distinct types of techniques to measure protein expression and activation, as well as to quantify, at transcription and translational levels, its downstream targets. The investigation of host AMPK protein modulation during Leishmania infection should primarily be assessed during in vitro infections using as a host murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMos). The infection outcome is assessed measuring the percentage of infected cells in the context of BMMos. To evaluate AMPK activity during infection, the expression of AMPK phosphorylated at Thr172 as well as the transcription and translational levels of its downstream targets are evaluated by quantitative PCR and immunoblotting. The modulation of AMPK activity in vivo is determined specifically in sorted splenic macrophages harboring Leishmania parasites recovered from infected mice using fluorescent-labeled parasites in the infectious inocolum. The modulation of AMPK activity was assessed by AMPK activators and inhibitors and also using AMPK, SIRT1, or LKB1 KO mice models. The infection outcome in BMMos and in vivo was further determined using these two different approaches. To finally understand the metabolic impact of AMPK during infection, in vitro metabolic assays in infected BMMos were measured in the bioenergetic profile using an extracellular flux analyzer.
Published: 2018

45. Cardiorespiratory parameters and glycated hemoglobin of patients with type 2 diabetes after a rehabilitation program

Author: Cândido Ferreira Rodrigues Neto, Karine Ketlem de Souza Braga, Tayná Almeida da Silva, Paulo Evaristo de Andrade, Rodrigo Daminello Raimundo, Laila Maria Silva Moraes, Natália da Silva Freitas Marques, Luiz Carlos de Abreu, Bárbara Vieira dos Santos, José Rener Cordeiro da Silva, Savio Lima dos Santos, Leillane Cristina de Paiva Ferreira, Natanael Guimarães Ribeiro, and Kariny da Silva Uchôa
Subjects: Adult, Blood Glucose, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, type 2 diabetes mellitus, medicine.medical_treatment, Blood Pressure, Walk Test, Type 2 diabetes, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Oxygen Consumption, Randomized controlled trial, Clinical Protocols, law, Study Protocol Clinical Trial, Heart Rate, Surveys and Questionnaires, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Glycemic, Glycated Hemoglobin, Rehabilitation, exercise, business.industry, autonomic nervous system, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Cardiorespiratory fitness, Resistance Training, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Treatment Outcome, chemistry, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Physical therapy, Quality of Life, Female, Glycated hemoglobin, business, Sleep, Research Article
Abstract: Introduction: Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction reflex of the pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus (DM) favors an increase in morbidity and mortality related to cardiovascular events, and for this reason has been one of the most studied clinical entities. Method: An experimental study of a randomized clinical trial type was therefore proposed to analyze the hemodynamic and glycemic response after the practice of a rehabilitation program in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this clinical trial the patients will initially be submitted to an evaluation protocol that consists of assessing blood pressure, heart rate, Borg scale, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation, distance traveled through the 6-minute walk test, quality of life questionnaire, Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire, and still glycated hemoglobin and heart rate variability through the cardiofrequency meter. After careful evaluation of the patients, they will be submitted to a metabolic rehabilitation program composed of aerobic and resisted exercises, performed for 12 weeks, in 3 weekly meetings of 60 minutes each. With such evaluations, it will be possible to construct with evidence that it is possible to work safer metabolic rehabilitation programs in patients with T2DM or other diseases that generate cardiovascular risks, guaranteeing them an improvement in cardiorespiratory fitness, hemodynamic and glycemic variables, allowing improvement of the quality of life. Ethics and Dissemination: The protocol is approved by the host institution's ethics committee under the number 1.616.721. Results will be disseminated via peer-reviewed journal articles and conferences. This clinical trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT3094767.
Published: 2018

46. Inter-machine reliability of the Biodex and Cybex isokinetic dynamometers for knee flexor/extensor isometric, concentric and eccentric tests

Author: Bruno Manfredini Baroni, Marco Aurélio Vaz, Ronei Silveira Pinto, Rodrigo Rodrigues, João Breno de Araujo Ribeiro Alvares, Rodrigo de Azevedo Franke, and Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Knee Joint, Intraclass correlation, Coefficient of variation, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Muscle Strength Dynamometer, Isometric exercise, Concentric, Quadriceps Muscle, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, Eccentric, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Muscle, Skeletal, Mathematics, Orthodontics, Reproducibility, Dynamometer, Reproducibility of Results, Equipment Design, General Medicine, musculoskeletal system, Exercise Test, Physical therapy, Hamstring, Muscle Contraction
Abstract: Objectives To assess the inter-machine reliability of the Biodex System 3 Pro and Cybex Humac Norm Model 770 dynamometers for knee extensor and knee flexor peak torque measurements in isometric, concentric and eccentric tests. Design Randomized/crossover. Setting Exercise Research Laboratory, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Participants 25 healthy male subjects. Main outcome measures Isometric, concentric and eccentric knee extensor and knee flexor peak torques recorded in the same test procedure performed on both isokinetic dynamometers. One-way ANOVA, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM) and coefficient of variation (CV) were used to verify significant differences, relative and absolute reliability between devices. Results No significant differences were found between tests performed on Biodex and Cybex ( p > 0.05). ICC values indicated a high to very high reproducibility for isometric, concentric and eccentric peak torques (0.88–0.92), and moderate to high reliability for agonist-antagonist strength ratios (0.62–0.73). Peak torque did not show great difference between dynamometers for SEM (3.72–11.27 Nm) and CV (5.27–7.77%). Strength ratios presented CV values of 8.57–10.72%. Conclusion Maximal knee extensor and knee flexor tests performed in isometric (60° of knee flexion), concentric and eccentric modes at 60°/s in Biodex and Cybex dynamometers present similar values.
Published: 2015

47. Evidence-Based Clinical Use of Nanoscale Extracellular Vesicles in Nanomedicine

Author: Guillaume van Niel, Carla Oliveira, Roberto Furlan, Ihsan Gursel, Anabela Cordeiro da Silva, Edit I. Buzás, Samir El Andaloussi, Eva Rohde, Alicia Llorente, Hernando A. del Portillo, Graça Raposo, Bernd Giebel, An Hendrix, Maja Kosanović, Lorraine O'Driscoll, Natasa Zarovni, Apolonija Bedina Zavec, Stefano Fais, Bertrand Kaeffer, Giovanni Camussi, Gabriella Pocsfalvi, María Yáñez-Mó, Irina Nazarenko, Tanja Ficko Trček, Marei Sammar, Lawrence Rajendran, Marjo Yliperttula, Antonio Marcilla, Francesc E. Borràs, Marilena E. Lekka, Joana Carvalho, Georg Lipps, Pia Siljander, Veronika Kralj-Iglič, Francesco Cappello, M. Helena Vasconcelos, Mariantonia Logozzi, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Trinity College Dublin, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Universita di Torino, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto (IPATIMUP), Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Porto Medical School, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Oxford [Oxford], Lek Pharmaceuticals d.d., a Sandoz Company, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Ghent University Hospital, Bilkent University [Ankara], University of Ljubljana, Physiologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Nantes (UN), University of Belgrade, University of Ioannina, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (HES-SO), Universitat de València (UV), ORT Braude College, Partenaires INRAE, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Universidade do Porto, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Biologie Cellulaire et Cancer, Institut Curie [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Curie [Paris], Paracelsus Medical University, University of Salzburg, University of Helsinki, Univ Porto IPATIMUP, Inst Mol Pathol & Immunol, P-4200135 Oporto, Portugal, Univ Porto IPATIMUP, Inst Invest & Inovacao Saude i3S, P-4200135 Oporto, Portugal, Hospital Sta Cristina, Exosomics Siena SpA, National Institute of Chemistry, Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Fais, S., O'Driscoll, L., Borras, F., Buzas, E., Camussi, G., Cappello, F., Carvalho, J., Cordeiro Da Silva, A., Del Portillo, H., El Andaloussi, S., Ficko Trček, T., Furlan, R., Hendrix, A., Gursel, I., Kralj-Iglic, V., Kaeffer, B., Kosanovic, M., Lekka, M., Lipps, G., Logozzi, M., Marcilla, A., Sammar, M., Llorente, A., Nazarenko, I., Oliveira, C., Pocsfalvi, G., Rajendran, L., Raposo, G., Rohde, E., Siljander, P., Van Niel, G., Vasconcelos, M., Yáñez-Mó, M., Yliperttula, M., Zarovni, N., Zavec, A., and Giebel, B.
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Medical nanotechnology, Physiology, Medizin, General Physics and Astronomy, xxx xxx, Cell Communication, Exosomes, Regenerative medicine, Theranostic Nanomedicine, Membrane microparticle, Engineering (all), Drug Delivery Systems, Pathophysiological, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Caveolae, Diagnosis, General Materials Science, Lipid raft, Phospholipids, Clinical Trials as Topic, Phospholipid membrane, Vesicle, General Engineering, Science and Technology, Materials Science (all), Physics and Astronomy (all), 3. Good health, Cell biology, Intercellular communications, Clinical trial (topic), Nanomedicine, Drug delivery, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Human, Endosome, Drug delivery system, Nanotechnology, Biology, Program diagnostics, 03 medical and health sciences, Extracellular Vesicles, Animals, Humans, Therapeutic agents, Settore BIO/16 - Anatomia Umana, Animal, Recent researches, Microvesicles, Cell membranes, Exosome, 030104 developmental biology, International cooperation, Membrane microdomains
Abstract: collaboration au projet H2020 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program European Network on Microvesicles and Exosomes in Health and Disease (ME-HAD); International audience; Recent research has demonstrated that all body fluids assessed contain substantial amounts of vesicles that range in size from 30 to 1000 nm and that are surrounded by phospholipid membranes containing different membrane microdomains such as lipid rafts and caveolae. The most prominent representatives of these so-called extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized exosomes (70-150 nm), which are derivatives of the endosomal system, and microvesicles (100-1000 nm), which are produced by outward budding of the plasma membrane. Nanosized EVs are released by almost all cell types and mediate targeted intercellular communication under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Containing cell-type specific signatures, EVs have been proposed as biomarkers in a variety of diseases. Furthermore, according to their physical functions, EVs of selected cell types have been used as therapeutic agents in immune therapy, vaccination trials, regenerative medicine, and drug delivery. Undoubtedly, the rapidly emerging field of basic and applied EV research will significantly influence the biomedicinal landscape in the future. In this Perspective, we, a network of European scientists from clinical, academic, and industry settings collaborating through the H2020 European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program European Network on Microvesicles and.Exosomes in Health and Disease (ME-HAD), demonstrate the high potential of nanosized EVs for both diagnostic and therapeutic (i.e., theranostic) areas of nanomedicine.
Published: 2016

48. Quality of life related to oral health of patients undergoing hemodialysis and associated factors

Author: Jéssica Antoniana, Lira E Silva, Ítalo de Macedo, Bernardino, José Régis Cordeiro, da Silva, Tomas Lucio Marques de Almeida, Lima, Renata de Souza Coelho, Soares, and Sérgio, d'Ávila
Subjects: Male, DMF Index, Decision Trees, Oral Health, Middle Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Renal Dialysis, Surveys and Questionnaires, Quality of Life, Humans, Female, Algorithms, Brazil, Pain Measurement
Abstract: To evaluate quality of life related to oral health (QoLROH) of Brazilians undergoing hemodialysis and to identify associated factors.A cross-sectional study was conducted with 226 patients undergoing hemodialysis at two reference medical centers. Participants answered a sociodemographic questionnaire and the Brazilian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Descriptive and multivariate statistics using Decision Tree Analysis by the Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID) algorithm, as well as Ordinal Logistic Regression analyses were performed.The Decision Tree revealed that the impact on QoLROH could be explained by age (p = 0.002), tooth pain in the last 6 months (p = 0.026), and region of residence (p = 0.025).The results suggest that being older, living in rural areas, and reporting tooth pain in the last 6 months may influence the QoLROH of patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Published: 2017

49. Screen-based sedentary behavior during adolescence and pulmonary function in a birth cohort

Author: Fernando C. Barros, Michael Pratt, Ana M. B. Menezes, Fernando C. Wehrmeister, and Bruna Gonçalves Cordeiro da Silva
Subjects: Male, Vital capacity, Vital Capacity, Medicine (miscellaneous), Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, Adolescents, Pulmonary function testing, 0302 clinical medicine, Forced Expiratory Volume, Respiratory function, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Prospective cohort study, Lung, lcsh:RC620-627, Nutrition and Dietetics, medicine.diagnostic_test, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, lcsh:Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, Female, Television, Brazil, Spirometry, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation, Clinical nutrition, Sitting, 03 medical and health sciences, FEV1/FVC ratio, Sex Factors, medicine, Humans, Exercise, Computers, business.industry, Research, Epidemiologic studies, lcsh:RA1-1270, Lifestyle, Video Games, 030228 respiratory system, Linear Models, Physical therapy, Self Report, Sedentary Behavior, business, Demography
Abstract: Background Adolescents spend many hours in sitting activities as television viewing, video game playing and computer use. The relationship between sedentary behavior and respiratory health remains poorly elucidated. To date there have been no studies evaluating the relationship between sedentary behavior and pulmonary function in young populations. The purpose of this study is to examine the association between the trajectory of screen-based sedentary behavior from 11 to 18 years and pulmonary function at 18 years in a Brazilian birth cohort. Methods Data from a longitudinal prospective study conducted among the participants of the 1993 Pelotas (Brazil) Birth Cohort. Time spent on television, video games, and computers during a weekday was self-reported at ages 11, 15 and 18 years. For each age, sedentary behavior was defined as the sum of time spent on these screen-based activities. To evaluate the sedentary behavior trajectory during adolescence group-based trajectory modeling was used. Outcome variables were three pulmonary function parameters: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and peak expiratory flow (PEF), evaluated by spirometry, at 18 years expressed as z-scores. Crude and adjusted linear regressions, stratified by sex, were performed. Results The three-group trajectory of sedentary behavior was the best fitting model. The trajectory groups were: always high (representing 38.8% of the individuals), always moderate (54.1%), and always low (7.1%). In the adjusted analyses, boys in the always-low group for sedentary behavior had higher FVC at 18 years (β = 0.177; 95% CI:0.027;0.327; p = 0.021) than boys in the always-high group. There were no differences for other pulmonary function parameters in boys. No significant association was found for girls. Conclusion The trajectory of screen-based sedentary behavior throughout adolescence was not consistent associated with pulmonary function at 18 years. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0536-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2017

50. Potential Drug Targets in the Pentose Phosphate Pathway of Trypanosomatids

Author: Terry K. Smith, Nuno Santarém, Joana Faria, Joana Tavares, Anabela Cordeiro-da-Silva, Inês Loureiro, and Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Drug targets, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, Antiprotozoal Agents, Protozoan Proteins, Trypanosoma brucei, Pentose phosphate pathway, Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase, Biochemistry, Pentose Phosphate Pathway, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Drug Discovery, Ribose, parasitic diseases, Humans, Chagas Disease, Trypanosomatids, Leishmaniasis, Pharmacology, biology, Organic Chemistry, Cell redox homeostasis, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Treatment, 030104 developmental biology, Trypanosomiasis, African, chemistry, Erythrose, Nucleic acid, Molecular Medicine
Abstract: The trypanosomatids, Trypanosoma brucei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania spp, are causative agents of important human diseases such African sleeping sickness, Chagas' disease and Leishmaniasis, respectively. The high impact of these diseases on human health and economy worldwide, the unsatisfactory available chemotherapeutic options and the absence of human effective vaccines, strongly justifies the search for new drugs. The pentose phosphate pathway has been proposed to be a viable strategy to defeat several infectious diseases, including those from trypanosomatids, as it includes an oxidative branch, important in the maintenance of cell redox homeostasis, and a non-oxidative branch in which ribose 5-phosphate and erythrose 4-phosphate, precursors of nucleic acids and aromatic amino acids, are produced. This review provides an overview of the available chemotherapeutic options against these diseases and discusses the potential of genetically validated enzymes from the pentose phosphate pathway of trypanosomatids to be explored as potential drug targets. This article is a result of the projects NORTE-01-0145-FEDER-000012, supported by Norte Portugal Regional Operational Programme (NORTE 2020), under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreements No. 602773 (Project KINDRED). JT is an Investigator FCT funded by National funds through FCT and co-funded through European Social Fund within the Human Potential Operating Programme.
Published: 2017

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