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1. Stroke Care Trends During COVID-19 Pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran. From the CASCADE Initiative: Statistical Analysis Plan and Preliminary Results

Author: Ghoreishi, Abdoreza, Arsang-Jang, Shahram, Sabaa-Ayoun, Ziad, Yassi, Nawaf, Sylaja, PN, Akbari, Yama, Divani, Afshin A, Biller, Jose, Phan, Thanh, Steinwender, Sandy, Silver, Brian, Zand, Ramin, Bin Basri, Hamidon, Iqbal, Omer M, Ranta, Annemarei, Ruland, Sean, Macri, Elizabeth, Ma, Henry, Nguyen, Thanh N, Abootalebi, Shahram, Gupta, Animesh, Alet, Matias, Lattanzi, Simona, Desai, Masoom, Gagliardi, Rubens J, Girotra, Tarun, Inoue, Manabu, Yoshimoto, Takeshi, Isaac, Cristian Flavo, Mayer, Stephan A, Morovatdar, Negar, Nilanont, Yongchai, Nobleza, Christa O'Hana S, Saber, Hamidreza, Kamenova, Saltanat, Kondybayeva, Aida, Krupinski, Jerzy, Siegler, James E, Stranges, Saverio, Torbey, Michel T, Yorio, Diana, Zurrú, María Cristina, Rubinos, Clio Aracelli, Shahripour, Reza Bavarsad, Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin, Di Napoli, Mario, and Azarpazhooh, M Reza
Subjects: Stroke, Brain Disorders, Neurosciences, Patient Safety, Health and social care services research, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, Good Health and Well Being, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Bayes Theorem, Brain Ischemia, COVID-19, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Intracranial Hemorrhages, Iran, Length of Stay, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Recovery of Function, Thrombolytic Therapy, Time Factors, Time-to-Treatment, Treatment Outcome, Epidemiology, Outcome, Mortality, Disability, Stroke care, Clinical Sciences, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical sciences
Abstract: BackgroundThe emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted global healthcare systems and this may affect stroke care and outcomes. This study examines the changes in stroke epidemiology and care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Zanjan Province, Iran.MethodsThis study is part of the CASCADE international initiative. From February 18, 2019, to July 18, 2020, we followed ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke hospitalization rates and outcomes in Valiasr Hospital, Zanjan, Iran. We used a Bayesian hierarchical model and an interrupted time series analysis (ITS) to identify changes in stroke hospitalization rate, baseline stroke severity [measured by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS)], disability [measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS)], presentation time (last seen normal to hospital presentation), thrombolytic therapy rate, median door-to-needle time, length of hospital stay, and in-hospital mortality. We compared in-hospital mortality between study periods using Cox-regression model.ResultsDuring the study period, 1,026 stroke patients were hospitalized. Stroke hospitalization rates per 100,000 population decreased from 68.09 before the pandemic to 44.50 during the pandemic, with a significant decline in both Bayesian [Beta: -1.034; Standard Error (SE): 0.22, 95% CrI: -1.48, -0.59] and ITS analysis (estimate: -1.03, SE = 0.24, p
Published: 2020

2. Call to Action: SARS-CoV-2 and CerebrovAscular DisordErs (CASCADE).

Author: Abootalebi, Shahram, Aertker, Benjamin M, Andalibi, Mohammad Sobhan, Asdaghi, Negar, Aykac, Ozlem, Azarpazhooh, M Reza, Bahit, M Cecilia, Barlinn, Kristian, Basri, Hamidon, Shahripour, Reza Bavarsad, Bersano, Anna, Biller, Jose, Borhani-Haghighi, Afshin, Brown, Robert D, Campbell, Bruce Cv, Cruz-Flores, Salvador, De Silva, Deidre Anne, Di Napoli, Mario, Divani, Afshin A, Edgell, Randall C, Fifi, Johanna T, Ghoreishi, Abdoreza, Hirano, Teruyuki, Hong, Keun-Sik, Hsu, Chung Y, Huang, Josephine F, Inoue, Manabu, Jagolino, Amanda L, Kapral, Moira, Kee, Hoo Fan, Keser, Zafer, Khatri, Rakesh, Koga, Masatoshi, Krupinski, Jerzy, Liebeskind, David S, Liu, Liping, Ma, Henry, Maud, Alberto, McCullough, Louise D, Meyer, Dawn Matherne, Mifsud, Victoria, Morovatdar, Negar, Nilanont, Yongchai, Oxley, Thomas J, Özdemir, Atilla Özcan, Pandian, Jeyaraj, Pantoni, Leonardo, Papamitsakis, Nikolaos IH, Parry-Jones, Adrian, Phan, Thanh, Rodriguez, Gustavo, Romano, Jose G, Sabaa-Ayoun, Ziad, Saber, Hamidreza, Sasannezhad, Payam, Saver, Jeffrey L, Scharf, Eugene, Shuaib, Ashfaq, Silver, Brian, Singhal, Shaloo, Smith, Craig J, Stranges, Saverio, Sylaja, PN, Torbey, Michel, Toyoda, Kazunori, Tsivgoulis, Georgios, Wasay, Mohammad, Yassi, Nawaf, Yoshimoto, Takeshi, Zamani, Babak, and Zand, Ramin
Subjects: Humans, Pneumonia, Viral, Coronavirus Infections, Treatment Outcome, Hospitalization, Registries, Incidence, Hospital Mortality, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, Prospective Studies, Comorbidity, Time Factors, Stroke, Healthcare Disparities, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Pandemics, Interrupted Time Series Analysis, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Betacoronavirus, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Health policy, Mortality, National crisis, Pandemic, Pneumonia, Viral, Practice Patterns, Physicians', Physicians, Neurology & Neurosurgery, Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences
Abstract: Background and purposeThe novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), now named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), may change the risk of stroke through an enhanced systemic inflammatory response, hypercoagulable state, and endothelial damage in the cerebrovascular system. Moreover, due to the current pandemic, some countries have prioritized health resources towards COVID-19 management, making it more challenging to appropriately care for other potentially disabling and fatal diseases such as stroke. The aim of this study is to identify and describe changes in stroke epidemiological trends before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsThis is an international, multicenter, hospital-based study on stroke incidence and outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic. We will describe patterns in stroke management, stroke hospitalization rate, and stroke severity, subtype (ischemic/hemorrhagic), and outcomes (including in-hospital mortality) in 2020 during COVID-19 pandemic, comparing them with the corresponding data from 2018 and 2019, and subsequently 2021. We will also use an interrupted time series (ITS) analysis to assess the change in stroke hospitalization rates before, during, and after COVID-19, in each participating center.ConclusionThe proposed study will potentially enable us to better understand the changes in stroke care protocols, differential hospitalization rate, and severity of stroke, as it pertains to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ultimately, this will help guide clinical-based policies surrounding COVID-19 and other similar global pandemics to ensure that management of cerebrovascular comorbidity is appropriately prioritized during the global crisis. It will also guide public health guidelines for at-risk populations to reduce risks of complications from such comorbidities.
Published: 2020

3. Characteristics and outcomes of an international cohort of 600 000 hospitalized patients with COVID-19

Author: Kartsonaki, Christiana, Baillie, J Kenneth, Barrio, Noelia García, Baruch, Joaquín, Beane, Abigail, Blumberg, Lucille, Bozza, Fernando, Broadley, Tessa, Burrell, Aidan, Carson, Gail, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Dagens, Andrew, Dankwa, Emmanuelle A, Donnelly, Christl A, Dunning, Jake, Elotmani, Loubna, Escher, Martina, Farshait, Nataly, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Gonçalves, Bronner P, Hall, Matthew, Hashmi, Madiha, Sim Lim Heng, Benedict, Ho, Antonia, Jassat, Waasila, Pedrera Jiménez, Miguel, Laouenan, Cedric, Lissauer, Samantha, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Mentré, France, Merson, Laura, Morton, Ben, Munblit, Daniel, Nekliudov, Nikita A, Nichol, Alistair D, Singh Oinam, Budha Charan, Ong, David, Panda, Prasan Kumar, Petrovic, Michele, Pritchard, Mark G, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Ramos, Grazielle Viana, Roger, Claire, Sandulescu, Oana, Semple, Malcolm G, Sharma, Pratima, Sigfrid, Louise, Somers, Emily C, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Taccone, Fabio, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath, Wei, Jia, Wils, Evert-Jan, Ci Wong, Xin, Horby, Peter, Rojek, Amanda, Olliaro, Piero L, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group: Ali Abbas, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Lara Absil, Subhash Acharya, Andrew Acker, Elisabeth Adam, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Shakeel Ahmed, Kate Ainscough, Eka Airlangga, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Eman Al Qasim, Razi Alalqam, Angela Alberti, Tala Al-Dabbous, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Cynthia Alegre, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Huda Alfoudri, Imran Ali, Adam Ali, Naseem Ali Shah, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jeffrey Aliudin, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Aneela Altaf, João Alves, Rita Alves, João Melo Alves, Maria Amaral, Nur Amira, Phoebe Ampaw, Roberto Andini, Claire Andréjak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Angel Asensio, Muhammad Ashraf, Namra Asif, Mohammad Asim, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Anika Atique, A M Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Nadia Baig, J Kevin Baird, Erica Bak, Agamemnon Bakakos, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Valeria Balan, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, Wendy S Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Helena Barrasa, Audrey Barrelet, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Mustehan Bashir, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, Denise Battaglini, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, Denisse Bazan Dow, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Husna Begum, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Dehbia Benkerrou, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan-Erik Berdal, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Giulia Bertoli, Lorenzo Bertolino, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Claudia Bianco, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Moirangthem Bikram Singh, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, François Bissuel, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, Jonathan Bitton, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer, Catherine Blier, Frank Bloos, Mathieu Blot, Filomena Boccia, Laetitia Bodenes, Alice Bogaarts, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, François Bompart, Aurelius Bonfasius, Diogo Borges, Raphaël Borie, Hans Martin Bosse, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Dounia Bouhmani, Damien Bouhour, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Anne-Sophie Boureau, John Bourke, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Jason Bouziotis, Bianca Boxma, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Maria Boylan, Axelle Braconnier, Cynthia Braga, Timo Brandenburger, Filipa Brás Monteiro, Luca Brazzi, Patrick Breen, Dorothy Breen, Kathy Brickell, Shaunagh Browne, Alex Browne, Nicolas Brozzi, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Nina Buchtele, Christian Buesaquillo, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Danilo Buonsenso, Erlina Burhan, Ingrid G Bustos, Denis Butnaru, André Cabie, Susana Cabral, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Mia Callahan, Kate Calligy, Jose Andres Calvache, João Camões, Valentine Campana, Paul Campbell, Josie Campisi, Cecilia Canepa, Mireia Cantero, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Sheila Cárcel, Chiara Simona Cardellino, Sofia Cardoso, Filipe Cardoso, Filipa Cardoso, Nelson Cardoso, Simone Carelli, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Gayle Carney, Inês Carqueja, Marie-Christine Carret, François Martin Carrier, Ida Carroll, Maire-Laure Casanova, Mariana Cascão, Siobhan Casey, José Casimiro, Bailey Cassandra, Silvia Castañeda, Nidyanara Castanheira, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, Henry Castrillón, Ivo Castro, Ana Catarino, François-Xavier Catherine, Paolo Cattaneo, Roberta Cavalin, Giulio Giovanni Cavalli, Alexandros Cavayas, Adrian Ceccato, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Adrienne Chan, Meera Chand, Christelle Chantalat Auger, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Julie Chas, Allegra Chatterjee, Mobin Chaudry, Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez, Anjellica Chen, Yih-Sharng Chen, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Antoine Cheret, Thibault Chiarabini, Julian Chica, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Leong Chin Tho, Catherine Chirouze, Davide Chiumello, Sung-Min Cho, Bernard Cholley, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Ting Soo Chow, Yock Ping Chow, Hiu Jian Chua, Jonathan Chua, Jose Pedro Cidade, José Miguel Cisneros Herreros, Anna Ciullo, Jennifer Clarke, Emma Clarke, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Sara Clohisey, Perren J Cobb, Cassidy Codan, Caitriona Cody, Alexandra Coelho, Megan Coles, Gwenhaël Colin, Michael Collins, Sebastiano Maria Colombo, Pamela Combs, Marie Connor, Anne Conrad, Sofía Contreras, Elaine Conway, Graham S Cooke, Mary Copland, Hugues Cordel, Amanda Corley, Sabine Cornelis, Alexander Daniel Cornet, Arianne Joy Corpuz, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Emma Costigan, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Rachel Cregan, Charles Crepy D'Orleans, Cosimo Cristella, Sabine Croonen, Gloria Crowl, Jonathan Crump, Claudina Cruz, Juan Luis Cruz Berm, Jaime Cruz Rojo, Marc Csete, Ailbhe Cullen, Matthew Cummings, Gerard Curley, Elodie Curlier, Colleen Curran, Paula Custodio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlene Da Silveira, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Darren Dahly, Heidi Dalton, Jo Dalton, Seamus Daly, Nick Daneman, Corinne Daniel, Jorge Dantas, Frédérick D'Aragon, Menno de Jong, Gillian de Loughry, Diego de Mendoza, Etienne De Montmollin, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Rosanna De Rosa, Cristina De Rose, Thushan de Silva, Peter de Vries, Jillian Deacon, David Dean, Alexa Debard, Marie-Pierre Debray, Nathalie DeCastro, William Dechert, Lauren Deconninck, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Eric Delaveuve, Karen Delavigne, Nathalie M Delfos, Ionna Deligiannis, Andrea Dell'Amore, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Corine Delsing, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Pieter Depuydt, Mehul Desai, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Santi Dewayanti, Pathik Dhanger, Alpha Diallo, Sylvain Diamantis, André Dias, Juan Jose Diaz, Priscila Diaz, Rodrigo Diaz, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Wim Dieperink, Jérôme Dimet, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Yael Dishon, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B Docherty, Helen Doherty, Arjen M Dondorp, Andy Dong, Maria Donnelly, Sean Donohue, Yoann Donohue, Chloe Donohue, Peter Doran, Céline Dorival, Eric D'Ortenzio, James Joshua Douglas, Renee Douma, Nathalie Dournon, Triona Downer, Joanne Downey, Mark Downing, Tom Drake, Aoife Driscoll, Murray Dryden, Claudio Duarte Fonseca, Vincent Dubee, François Dubos, Alexandre Ducancelle, Toni Duculan, Susanne Dudman, Abhijit Duggal, Paul Dunand, Mathilde Duplaix, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Lucian Durham, Bertrand Dussol, Juliette Duthoit, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Sim Choon Ean, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos, Siobhan Egan, Carla Eira, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Brigitte Elharrar, Jacobien Ellerbroek, Philippine Eloy, Tarek Elshazly, Iqbal Elyazar, Isabelle Enderle, Tomoyuki Endo, Chan Chee Eng, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Mariano Esperatti, Hélène Esperou, Marina Esposito-Farese, João Estevão, Manuel Etienne, Nadia Ettalhaoui, Anna Greti Everding, Mirjam Evers, Marc Fabre, Isabelle Fabre, Amna Faheem, Arabella Fahy, Cameron J Fairfield, Zul Fakar, Komal Fareed, Pedro Faria, Ahmed Farooq, Hanan Fateena, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, Mohamed Fayed, Niamh Feely, Laura Feeney, Jorge Fernandes, Marília Andreia Fernandes, Susana Fernandes, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Joana Ferrão, Mário Ferraz, Sílvia Ferreira, Isabel Ferreira, Benigno Ferreira, Ricard Ferrer-Roca, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello, William Finlayson, Juan Fiorda, Thomas Flament, Clara Flateau, Tom Fletcher, Letizia Lucia Florio, Deirdre Flynn, Claire Foley, Jean Foley, Victor Fomin, Tatiana Fonseca, Patricia Fontela, Simon Forsyth, Denise Foster, Giuseppe Foti, Erwan Fourn, Robert A Fowler, Marianne Fraher, Diego Franch-Llasat, John F Fraser, Christophe Fraser, Marcela Vieira Freire, Ana Freitas Ribeiro, Caren Friedrich, Ricardo Fritz, Stéphanie Fry, Nora Fuentes, Masahiro Fukuda, G Argin, Valérie Gaborieau, Rostane Gaci, Massimo Gagliardi, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Sérgio Gaião, Linda Gail Skeie, Phil Gallagher, Carrol Gamble, Yasmin Gani, Arthur Garan, Rebekha Garcia, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Navya Garimella, Denis Garot, Valérie Garrait, Basanta Gauli, Nathalie Gault, Aisling Gavin, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Alexandre Gaymard, Johannes Gebauer, Eva Geraud, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Nuno Germano, Praveen Kumar Ghisulal, Jade Ghosn, Marco Giani, Jess Gibson, Tristan Gigante, Morgane Gilg, Elaine Gilroy, Guillermo Giordano, Michelle Girvan, Valérie Gissot, Daniel Glikman, Petr Glybochko, Eric Gnall, Geraldine Goco, François Goehringer, Siri Goepel, Jin Yi Goh, Jonathan Golob, Rui Gomes, Kyle Gomez, Joan Gómez-Junyent, Marie Gominet, Alicia Gonzalez, Patricia Gordon, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Cécile Goujard, Tiphaine Goulenok, Margarite Grable, Jeronimo Graf, Edward Wilson Grandin, Pascal Granier, Giacomo Grasselli, Christopher A Green, Courtney Greene, William Greenhalf, Segolène Greffe, Domenico Luca Grieco, Matthew Griffee, Fiona Griffiths, Ioana Grigoras, Albert Groenendijk, Anja Grosse Lordemann, Heidi Gruner, Yusing Gu, Jérémie Guedj, Martin Guego, Dewi Guellec, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Daniela Guerreiro, Romain Guery, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Maisa Guimarães de Castro, Thomas Guimard, Marieke Haalboom, Daniel Haber, Hannah Habraken, Ali Hachemi, Amy Hackmann, Nadir Hadri, Fakhir Haidri, Sheeba Hakak, Adam Hall, Sophie Halpin, Jawad Hameed, Ansley Hamer, Raph L Hamers, Rebecca Hamidfar, Terese Hammond, Lim Yuen Han, Rashan Haniffa, Kok Wei Hao, Hayley Hardwick, Ewen M Harrison, Janet Harrison, Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison, Alan Hartman, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan, Junaid Hashmi, Muhammad Hayat, Ailbhe Hayes, Leanne Hays, Jan Heerman, Lars Heggelund, Ross Hendry, Martina Hennessy, Aquiles Henriquez-Trujillo, Maxime Hentzien, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Andrew Hershey, Liv Hesstvedt, Astarini Hidayah, Eibhilin Higgins, Dawn Higgins, Rupert Higgins, Rita Hinchion, Samuel Hinton, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Haider Hirkani, Hikombo Hitoto, Yi Bin Ho, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Wei Han Hoh, Oscar Hoiting, Rebecca Holt, Jan Cato Holter, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Koji Hoshino, Ikram Houas, Catherine L Hough, Stuart Houltham, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Stella Huo, Abby Hurd, Iqbal Hussain, Samreen Ijaz, Hajnal-Gabriela Illes, Patrick Imbert, Mohammad Imran, Rana Imran Sikander, Aftab Imtiaz, Hugo Inácio, Carmen Infante Dominguez, Yun Sii Ing, Elias Iosifidis, Mariachiara Ippolito, Sarah Isgett, Tiago Isidoro, Nadiah Ismail, Margaux Isnard, Junji Itai, Daniel Ivulich, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Julien Jabot, Clare Jackson, Nina Jamieson, Victoria Janes, Pierre Jaquet, Coline Jaud-Fischer, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, Jeffrey Javidfar, Denise Jaworsky, Florence Jego, Anilawati Mat Jelani, Synne Jenum, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ong Yiaw Joe, Ruth N Jorge García, Cédric Joseph, Mark Joseph, Swosti Joshi, Mercé Jourdain, Philippe Jouvet, Hanna Jung, Anna Jung, Dafsah Juzar, Ouifiya Kafif, Florentia Kaguelidou, Neerusha Kaisbain, Thavamany Kaleesvran, Sabina Kali, Alina Kalicinska, Smaragdi Kalomoiri, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin, Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin, Nadiah Kamarudin, Paul Kambiya, Kavita Kamineni, Darshana Hewa Kandamby, Chris Kandel, Kong Yeow Kang, Darakhshan Kanwal, Pratap Karpayah, Todd Karsies, Daisuke Kasugai, Anant Kataria, Kevin Katz, Aasmine Kaur, Christy Kay, Hannah Keane, Seán Keating, Pulak Kedia, Claire Kelly, Yvelynne Kelly, Andrea Kelly, Niamh Kelly, Aoife Kelly, Sadie Kelly, Maeve Kelsey, Ryan Kennedy, Kalynn Kennon, Maeve Kernan, Younes Kerroumi, Sharma Keshav, Imrana Khalid, Osama Khalid, Antoine Khalil, Coralie Khan, Irfan Khan, Quratul Ain Khan, Sushil Khanal, Abid Khatak, Amin Khawaja, Krish Kherajani, Michelle E Kho, Saye Khoo, Ryan Khoo, Denisa Khoo, Nasir Khoso, Khor How Kiat, Yuri Kida, Peter Kiiza, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Jae Burm Kim, Antoine Kimmoun, Detlef Kindgen-Milles, Alexander King, Nobuya Kitamura, Paul Klenerman, Rob Klont, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen R Knight, Robin Kobbe, Chamira Kodippily, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, Sabin Koirala, Mamoru Komatsu, Caroline Kosgei, Arsène Kpangon, Karolina Krawczyk, Vinothini Krishnan, Sudhir Krishnan, Oksana Kruglova, Deepali Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Dinesh Kuriakose, Ethan Kurtzman, Demetrios Kutsogiannis, Galyna Kutsyna, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, John G Laffey, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Sanjay Lakhey, Antonio Lalueza, Marc Lambert, François Lamontagne, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Eka Yudha Lantang, Marina Lanza, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Lariviere, Stéphane Lasry, Sakshi Lath, Naveed Latif, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Andy Law, Teresa Lawrence, Cassie Lawrence, Minh Le, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Paul Le Turnier, Ema Leal, Marta Leal Santos, Todd C Lee, James Lee, Jennifer Lee, Heng Gee Lee, Biing Horng Lee, Yi Lin Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Gary Leeming, Laurent Lefebvre, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefevre, Sylvie LeGac, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, François Lellouche, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Gretchen Lemmink, Ha Sha Lene, Jenny Lennon, Rafael León, Marc Leone, Michela Leone, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Amy Lester-Grant, Bruno Levy, Yves Levy, Claire Levy-Marchal, Katarzyna Lewandowska, Erwan L'Her, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Janet Liang, Ali Liaquat, Geoffrey Liegeon, Wei Shen Lim, Kah Chuan Lim, Chantre Lima, Lim Lina, Bruno Lina, Andreas Lind, Maja Katherine Lingad, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Keibun Liu, Marine Livrozet, Patricia Lizotte, Antonio Loforte, Navy Lolong, Leong Chee Loon, Diogo Lopes, Dalia Lopez-Colon, Jose W Lopez-Revilla, Anthony L Loschner, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Silvia Lourenco, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Lee Lee Low, Marije Lowik, Jia Shyi Loy, Jean Christophe Lucet, Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo, Carlos M Luna, Olguta Lungu, Liem Luong, Nestor Luque, Dominique Luton, Nilar Lwin, Ruth Lyons, Olavi Maasikas, Oryane Mabiala, Moïse Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Hashmi Madiha, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, Rafael Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Ana Raquel Maia, Lars S Maier, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Nadia Malik, Paddy Mallon, Fernando Maltez, Denis Malvy, Victoria Manda, Laurent Mandelbrot, Frank Manetta, Julie Mankikian, Edmund Manning, Aldric Manuel, Ceila Maria Sant Ana Malaque, Flávio Marino, Daniel Marino, Samuel Markowicz, Charbel Maroun Eid, Ana Marques, Catherine Marquis, Brian Marsh, Laura Marsh, Megan Marshal, John Marshall, Celina Turchi Martelli, Dori-Ann Martin, Emily Martin, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Martin Martinot, Alejandro Martin-Quiros, João Martins, Ana Martins, Nuno Martins, Caroline Martins Rego, Gennaro Martucci, Olga Martynenko, Eva Miranda Marwali, Marsilla Marzukie, David Maslove, Sabina Mason, Sobia Masood, Basri Mat Nor, Moshe Matan, Meghena Mathew, Daniel Mathieu, Mathieu Mattei, Romans Matulevics, Laurence Maulin, Michael Maxwell, Javier Maynar, Thierry Mazzoni, Natalie Mc Evoy, Lisa Mc Sweeney, Colin McArthur, Anne McCarthy, Aine McCarthy, Colin McCloskey, Rachael McConnochie, Sherry McDermott, Sarah E McDonald, Aine McElroy, Samuel McElwee, Victoria McEneany, Allison McGeer, Chris McKay, Johnny McKeown, Kenneth A McLean, Paul McNally, Bairbre McNicholas, Elaine McPartlan, Edel Meaney, Cécile Mear-Passard, Maggie Mechlin, Maqsood Meher, Omar Mehkri, Ferruccio Mele, Luis Melo, Kashif Memon, Joao Joao Mendes, Ogechukwu Menkiti, Kusum Menon, Alexander J Mentzer, Emmanuelle Mercier, Noémie Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Blake Mergler, António Mesquita, Roberta Meta, Osama Metwally, Agnès Meybeck, Dan Meyer, Alison M Meynert, Vanina Meysonnier, Amina Meziane, Mehdi Mezidi, Céline Michelanglei, Isabelle Michelet, Efstathia Mihelis, Vladislav Mihnovit, Hugo Miranda-Maldonado, Nor Arisah Misnan, Tahira Jamal Mohamed, Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed, Asma Moin, David Molina, Elena Molinos, Brenda Molloy, Mary Mone, Agostinho Monteiro, Claudia Montes, Giorgia Montrucchio, Shona C Moore, Sarah Moore, Lina Morales Cely, Lucia Moro, Catherine Motherway, Ana Motos, Hugo Mouquet, Clara Mouton Perrot, Julien Moyet, Caroline Mudara, Aisha Kalsoom Mufti, Ng Yong Muh, Dzawani Muhamad, Jimmy Mullaert, Fredrik Müller, Karl Erik Müller, Syed Muneeb, Nadeem Munir, Laveena Munshi, Aisling Murphy, Lorna Murphy, Marlène Murris, Srinivas Murthy, Himed Musaab, Himasha Muvindi, Gugapriyaa Muyandy, Dimitra Melia Myrodia, Farah Nadia Mohd-Hanafiah, Dave Nagpal, Alex Nagrebetsky, Mangala Narasimhan, Nageswaran Narayanan, Rashid Nasim Khan, Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland, Nadège Neant, Holger Neb, Erni Nelwan, Raul Neto, Emily Neumann, Pauline Yeung Ng, Wing Yiu Ng, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Orna Ni Choileain, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Stephanie Nonas, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, Marion Noret, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, Lisa Norman, Alessandra Notari, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Karolina Nowicka, Adam Nowinski, Saad Nseir, Jose I Nunez, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih, Dwi Utomo Nusantara, Elsa Nyamankolly, Fionnuala O Brien, Annmarie O Callaghan, Annmarie O'Callaghan, Giovanna Occhipinti, Derbrenn OConnor, Max O'Donnell, Tawnya Ogston, Takayuki Ogura, Tak-Hyuk Oh, Sophie O'Halloran, Katie O'Hearn, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Agnieszka Oldakowska, João Oliveira, Larissa Oliveira, Jee Yan Ong, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Anne Opavsky, Peter Openshaw, Saijad Orakzai, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro, Jamel Ortoleva, Javier Osatnik, Linda O'Shea, Miriam O'Sullivan, Siti Zubaidah Othman, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, Eric Oziol, Maïder Pagadoy, Justine Pages, Mario Palacios, Amanda Palacios, Massimo Palmarini, Giovanna Panarello, Hem Paneru, Lai Hui Pang, Mauro Panigada, Nathalie Pansu, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Rachael Parke, Melissa Parker, Briseida Parra, Taha Pasha, Jérémie Pasquier, Bruno Pastene, Fabian Patauner, Drashti Patel, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Luís Patrão, Patricia Patricio, Juliette Patrier, Lisa Patterson, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, Mical Paul, Christelle Paul, Jorge Paulos, William A Paxton, Jean-François Payen, Kalaiarasu Peariasamy, Giles J Peek, Florent Peelman, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Vincent Peigne, Mare Pejkovska, Paolo Pelosi, Ithan D Peltan, Rui Pereira, Daniel Perez, Luis Periel, Thomas Perpoint, Antonio Pesenti, Vincent Pestre, Lenka Petrou, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Scott Pharand, Michael Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Carola Pierobon, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Raquel Pinto, Catarina Pires, Isabelle Pironneau, Lionel Piroth, Ayodhia Pitaloka, Riinu Pius, Laurent Plantier, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Maria Pokorska-Spiewak, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Jolanta Popielska, Diego Bastos Porto, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F Postma, Pedro Povoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sofia Prapa, Sébastien Preau, Christian Prebensen, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, Lucia Proença, Sravya Pudota, Oriane Puéchal, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Mathew Pulicken, Gregory Purcell, Luisa Quesada, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Maia Rabaa, Christian Rabaud, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Gabrielle Ragazzo, Mutia Rahardjani, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Arsalan Rahutullah, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Pratheema Ramachandran, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Asim Rana, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Ritika Ranjan, Christophe Rapp, Aasiyah Rashan, Thalha Rashan, Ghulam Rasheed, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Tharmini Ravi, Ali Raza, Andre Real, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Attaur Rehman, Liadain Reid, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Reis, Jordi Rello, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Remy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Luis Felipe Reyes, Tiago Reyes, Maria Ines Ribeiro, Antonia Ricchiuto, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Jordi Riera, Ana L Rios, Asgar Rishu, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, Nicholas Rizer, Chiara Robba, André Roberto, Stephanie Roberts, David L Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Ferran Roche-Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Bernhard Roessler, Pierre-Marie Roger, Emmanuel Roilides, Juliette Romaru, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Nurul Hidayah Mohammad Roslan, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Stella Rousset, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Clark D Russell, Maria Ryan, Maeve Ryan, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Sairah Sadaf, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Maximilien Saint-Gilles, Pranya Sakiyalak, Nawal Salahuddin, Leonardo Salazar, Jodat Saleem, Gabriele Sales, Stéphane Sallaberry, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Hélène Salvator, Olivier Sanchez, Angel Sanchez-Miralles, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Gyan Sandhu, Zulfiqar Sandhu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Marlene Santos, Shirley Sarfo-Mensah, Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, Iam Claire E Sarmiento, Benjamine Sarton, Ankana Satya, Sree Satyapriya, Rumaisah Satyawati, Egle Saviciute, Parthena Savvidou, Yen Tsen Saw, Justin Schaffer, Tjard Schermer, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Stephan Schroll, Michael Schwameis, Gary Schwartz, Brendan Scicluna, Janet T Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sedillot, Tamara Seitz, Jaganathan Selvanayagam, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Caroline Semaille, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Mohammad Shamsah, Anuraj Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Catherine A Shaw, Victoria Shaw, Ashraf Sheharyar, Rohan Shetty, Rajesh Mohan Shetty, Haixia Shi, Nisreen Shiban, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Nobuaki Shime, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Pramesh Sundar Shrestha, Shubha Kalyan Shrestha, Hoi Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Atif Siddiqui, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Rogério Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Wai Ching Sin, Dario Sinatti, Punam Singh, Budha Charan Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Agnès Sommet, Rima Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Michael Sonntagbauer, Azlan Mat Soom, Alberto Sotto, Edouard Soum, Marta Sousa, Ana Chora Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B P Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, David Stuart, Ami Stuart, Decy Subekti, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y Suen, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Suwarti Suwarti, Andrey Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Ewa Talarek, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Renaud Tamisier, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Taku Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Huda Taqdees, Arshad Taqi, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Richard S Tedder, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofia Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Pleun Terpstra, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Anand Thakur, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, Emma C Thomson, David Thomson, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Ryan S Thwaites, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Margarida Torres, Antoni Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Michael Towers, Tony Trapani, Théo Treoux, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C W Turtle, Anders Tveita, Pawel Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, P G Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Timothy M Uyeki, Cristinava Vajdovics, Piero Valentini, Luís Val-Flores, Amélie Valran, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld Van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Frank van Someren Greve, Ilonka van Veen, Hugo Van Willigen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Pooja Varghese, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, James Vickers, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Joy Ann Villanueva, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Gayatri Vishwanathan, Benoit Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, T Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Suzette Willems, Virginie Williams, Calvin Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Natalie Wright, Gan Ee Xian, Lim Saio Xian, Kuan Pei Xuan, Ioannis Xynogalas, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki 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Munblit, Daniel, Nekliudov, Nikita A, Nichol, Alistair D, Singh Oinam, Budha Charan, Ong, David, Panda, Prasan Kumar, Petrovic, Michele, Pritchard, Mark G, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Ramos, Grazielle Viana, Roger, Claire, Sandulescu, Oana, Semple, Malcolm G, Sharma, Pratima, Sigfrid, Louise, Somers, Emily C, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Taccone, Fabio, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath, Wei, Jia, Wils, Evert-Jan, Ci Wong, Xin, Horby, Peter, Rojek, Amanda, Olliaro, Piero L, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group: Ali Abbas, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Lara Absil, Subhash Acharya, Andrew Acker, Elisabeth Adam, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Shakeel Ahmed, Kate Ainscough, Eka Airlangga, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Eman Al Qasim, Razi Alalqam, Angela Alberti, Tala Al-Dabbous, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Cynthia Alegre, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Huda Alfoudri, Imran Ali, Adam Ali, Naseem Ali Shah, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jeffrey Aliudin, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Aneela Altaf, João Alves, Rita Alves, João Melo Alves, Maria Amaral, Nur Amira, Phoebe Ampaw, Roberto Andini, Claire Andréjak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Angel Asensio, Muhammad Ashraf, Namra Asif, Mohammad Asim, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Anika Atique, A M Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Nadia Baig, J Kevin Baird, Erica Bak, Agamemnon Bakakos, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Valeria Balan, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, Wendy S Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Helena Barrasa, Audrey Barrelet, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Mustehan Bashir, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, Denise Battaglini, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, Denisse Bazan Dow, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Husna Begum, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Dehbia Benkerrou, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan-Erik Berdal, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Giulia Bertoli, Lorenzo Bertolino, Simon Bessis, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Claudia Bianco, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Moirangthem Bikram Singh, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, François Bissuel, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, Jonathan Bitton, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer, Catherine Blier, Frank Bloos, Mathieu Blot, Filomena Boccia, Laetitia Bodenes, Alice Bogaarts, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, François Bompart, Aurelius Bonfasius, Diogo Borges, Raphaël Borie, Hans Martin Bosse, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Dounia Bouhmani, Damien Bouhour, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Anne-Sophie Boureau, John Bourke, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Jason Bouziotis, Bianca Boxma, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Maria Boylan, Axelle Braconnier, Cynthia Braga, Timo Brandenburger, Filipa Brás Monteiro, Luca Brazzi, Patrick Breen, Dorothy Breen, Patrick Breen, Kathy Brickell, Shaunagh Browne, Alex Browne, Nicolas Brozzi, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Nina Buchtele, Christian Buesaquillo, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Danilo Buonsenso, Erlina Burhan, Ingrid G Bustos, Denis Butnaru, André Cabie, Susana Cabral, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Mia Callahan, Kate Calligy, Jose Andres Calvache, João Camões, Valentine Campana, Paul Campbell, Josie Campisi, Cecilia Canepa, Mireia Cantero, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Sheila Cárcel, Chiara Simona Cardellino, Sofia Cardoso, Filipe Cardoso, Filipa Cardoso, Nelson Cardoso, Simone Carelli, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Gayle Carney, Inês Carqueja, Marie-Christine Carret, François Martin Carrier, Ida Carroll, Maire-Laure Casanova, Mariana Cascão, Siobhan Casey, José Casimiro, Bailey Cassandra, Silvia Castañeda, Nidyanara Castanheira, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, Henry Castrillón, Ivo Castro, Ana Catarino, François-Xavier Catherine, Paolo Cattaneo, Roberta Cavalin, Giulio Giovanni Cavalli, Alexandros Cavayas, Adrian Ceccato, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Adrienne Chan, Meera Chand, Christelle Chantalat Auger, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Julie Chas, Allegra Chatterjee, Mobin Chaudry, Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez, Anjellica Chen, Yih-Sharng Chen, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Antoine Cheret, Thibault Chiarabini, Julian Chica, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Leong Chin Tho, Catherine Chirouze, Davide Chiumello, Sung-Min Cho, Bernard Cholley, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Ting Soo Chow, Yock Ping Chow, Hiu Jian Chua, Jonathan Chua, Jose Pedro Cidade, José Miguel Cisneros Herreros, Anna Ciullo, Jennifer Clarke, Emma Clarke, Rolando Claure-Del Granado, Sara Clohisey, Perren J Cobb, Cassidy Codan, Caitriona Cody, Alexandra Coelho, Megan Coles, Gwenhaël Colin, Michael Collins, Sebastiano Maria Colombo, Pamela Combs, Marie Connor, Anne Conrad, Sofía Contreras, Elaine Conway, Graham S Cooke, Mary Copland, Hugues Cordel, Amanda Corley, Sabine Cornelis, Alexander Daniel Cornet, Arianne Joy Corpuz, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Emma Costigan, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Rachel Cregan, Charles Crepy D'Orleans, Cosimo Cristella, Sabine Croonen, Gloria Crowl, Jonathan Crump, Claudina Cruz, Juan Luis Cruz Berm, Jaime Cruz Rojo, Marc Csete, Ailbhe Cullen, Matthew Cummings, Gerard Curley, Elodie Curlier, Colleen Curran, Paula Custodio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlene Da Silveira, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Darren Dahly, Heidi Dalton, Jo Dalton, Seamus Daly, Nick Daneman, Corinne Daniel, Jorge Dantas, Frédérick D'Aragon, Menno de Jong, Gillian de Loughry, Diego de Mendoza, Etienne De Montmollin, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Rosanna De Rosa, Cristina De Rose, Thushan de Silva, Peter de Vries, Jillian Deacon, David Dean, Alexa Debard, Marie-Pierre Debray, Nathalie DeCastro, William Dechert, Lauren Deconninck, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Eric Delaveuve, Karen Delavigne, Nathalie M Delfos, Ionna Deligiannis, Andrea Dell'Amore, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Corine Delsing, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Pieter Depuydt, Mehul Desai, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallées, Santi Dewayanti, Pathik Dhanger, Alpha Diallo, Sylvain Diamantis, André Dias, Juan Jose Diaz, Priscila Diaz, Rodrigo Diaz, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Wim Dieperink, Jérôme Dimet, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Yael Dishon, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B Docherty, Helen Doherty, Arjen M Dondorp, Andy Dong, Maria Donnelly, Sean Donohue, Yoann Donohue, Chloe Donohue, Peter Doran, Céline Dorival, Eric D'Ortenzio, James Joshua Douglas, Renee Douma, Nathalie Dournon, Triona Downer, Joanne Downey, Mark Downing, Tom Drake, Aoife Driscoll, Murray Dryden, Murray Dryden, Claudio Duarte Fonseca, Vincent Dubee, François Dubos, Alexandre Ducancelle, Toni Duculan, Susanne Dudman, Abhijit Duggal, Paul Dunand, Mathilde Duplaix, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Lucian Durham, Bertrand Dussol, Juliette Duthoit, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Sim Choon Ean, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos, Siobhan Egan, Carla Eira, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Brigitte Elharrar, Jacobien Ellerbroek, Philippine Eloy, Tarek Elshazly, Iqbal Elyazar, Isabelle Enderle, Tomoyuki Endo, Chan Chee Eng, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Mariano Esperatti, Hélène Esperou, Marina Esposito-Farese, João Estevão, Manuel Etienne, Nadia Ettalhaoui, Anna Greti Everding, Mirjam Evers, Marc Fabre, Isabelle Fabre, Amna Faheem, Arabella Fahy, Cameron J Fairfield, Zul Fakar, Komal Fareed, Pedro Faria, Ahmed Farooq, Hanan Fateena, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, Mohamed Fayed, Niamh Feely, Laura Feeney, Jorge Fernandes, Marília Andreia Fernandes, Susana Fernandes, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Joana Ferrão, Mário Ferraz, Sílvia Ferreira, Isabel Ferreira, Benigno Ferreira, Ricard Ferrer-Roca, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello, William Finlayson, Juan Fiorda, Thomas Flament, Clara Flateau, Tom Fletcher, Letizia Lucia Florio, Deirdre Flynn, Claire Foley, Jean Foley, Victor Fomin, Tatiana Fonseca, Patricia Fontela, Simon Forsyth, Denise Foster, Giuseppe Foti, Erwan Fourn, Robert A 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Srinivas Murthy, Himed Musaab, Himasha Muvindi, Gugapriyaa Muyandy, Dimitra Melia Myrodia, Farah Nadia Mohd-Hanafiah, Dave Nagpal, Alex Nagrebetsky, Mangala Narasimhan, Nageswaran Narayanan, Rashid Nasim Khan, Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland, Nadège Neant, Holger Neb, Erni Nelwan, Raul Neto, Emily Neumann, Pauline Yeung Ng, Wing Yiu Ng, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Orna Ni Choileain, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Stephanie Nonas, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, Marion Noret, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, Lisa Norman, Alessandra Notari, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Karolina Nowicka, Adam Nowinski, Saad Nseir, Jose I Nunez, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih, Dwi Utomo Nusantara, Elsa Nyamankolly, Fionnuala O Brien, Annmarie O Callaghan, Annmarie O'Callaghan, Giovanna Occhipinti, Derbrenn OConnor, Max O'Donnell, Tawnya Ogston, Takayuki Ogura, Tak-Hyuk Oh, Sophie O'Halloran, Katie O'Hearn, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Agnieszka Oldakowska, João Oliveira, Larissa Oliveira, Jee Yan Ong, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Anne 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Gilles Peytavin, Scott Pharand, Michael Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Carola Pierobon, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Raquel Pinto, Catarina Pires, Isabelle Pironneau, Lionel Piroth, Ayodhia Pitaloka, Riinu Pius, Laurent Plantier, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Maria Pokorska-Spiewak, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Jolanta Popielska, Diego Bastos Porto, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F Postma, Pedro Povoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sofia Prapa, Sébastien Preau, Christian Prebensen, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, Lucia Proença, Sravya Pudota, Oriane Puéchal, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Mathew Pulicken, Gregory Purcell, Luisa Quesada, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Maia Rabaa, Christian Rabaud, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Gabrielle Ragazzo, Mutia Rahardjani, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Arsalan Rahutullah, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Pratheema Ramachandran, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Asim Rana, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Ritika Ranjan, Christophe Rapp, Aasiyah Rashan, Thalha Rashan, Ghulam Rasheed, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Tharmini Ravi, Ali Raza, Andre Real, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Attaur Rehman, Liadain Reid, Liadain Reid, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Reis, Jordi Rello, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Remy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Luis Felipe Reyes, Tiago Reyes, Maria Ines Ribeiro, Antonia Ricchiuto, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Jordi Riera, Ana L Rios, Asgar Rishu, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, Nicholas Rizer, Chiara Robba, André Roberto, Stephanie Roberts, David L Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Ferran Roche-Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Bernhard Roessler, Pierre-Marie Roger, 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Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Stephan Schroll, Michael Schwameis, Gary Schwartz, Brendan Scicluna, Janet T Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sedillot, Tamara Seitz, Jaganathan Selvanayagam, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Caroline Semaille, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Mohammad Shamsah, Anuraj Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Catherine A Shaw, Victoria Shaw, Ashraf Sheharyar, Rohan Shetty, Rajesh Mohan Shetty, Haixia Shi, Nisreen Shiban, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Nobuaki Shime, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Pramesh Sundar Shrestha, Shubha Kalyan Shrestha, Hoi Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Atif Siddiqui, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Rogério Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Wai Ching Sin, Dario Sinatti, Punam Singh, Budha Charan Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Agnès Sommet, Rima Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Michael Sonntagbauer, Azlan Mat Soom, Alberto Sotto, Edouard Soum, Marta Sousa, Ana Chora Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B P Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, David Stuart, Ami Stuart, Decy Subekti, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y Suen, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Suwarti Suwarti, Andrey Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Ewa Talarek, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Renaud Tamisier, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Taku Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Huda Taqdees, Arshad Taqi, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Richard S Tedder, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofia Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Pleun Terpstra, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Anand Thakur, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, Emma C Thomson, David Thomson, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Ryan S Thwaites, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Noémie Tissot, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Margarida Torres, Antoni Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Michael Towers, Tony Trapani, Théo Treoux, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C W Turtle, Anders Tveita, Pawel Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, P G Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Timothy M Uyeki, Cristinava Vajdovics, Piero Valentini, Luís Val-Flores, Amélie Valran, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld Van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Frank van Someren Greve, Ilonka van Veen, Hugo Van Willigen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Pooja Varghese, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, James Vickers, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Joy Ann Villanueva, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Gayatri Vishwanathan, Benoit Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, T Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Suzette Willems, Virginie Williams, Calvin Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Natalie Wright, Gan Ee Xian, Lim Saio Xian, Kuan Pei Xuan, Ioannis Xynogalas, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie Yerkovich, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Saptadi Yuliarto, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Konrad Zawadka, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, Alexander Zoufaly, David Zucman, University of Oxford, Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), This work was made possible by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Wellcome (215091/Z/18/Z, 205228/Z/16/Z, 220757/Z/20/Z), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1209135), UK Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship (MR/V001671/1), the philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford’s COVID-19 Research Response Fund, CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity (OV2170359) and the co-ordination in Canada by Sunnybrook Research Institute, endorsement of the Irish Critical Care—Clinical Trials Group, co-ordination in Ireland by the Irish Critical Care—Clinical Trials Network at University College Dublin and funding by the Health Research Board of Ireland (CTN-2014–12), the Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research (RECOVER) (H2020 project 101003589) and European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (ECRAID) (965313), the COVID clinical management team, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India, the COVID-19 Clinical Management team, Manipal Hospital Whitefield, Bengaluru, India, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, the dedication and hard work of the Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team, support by the Groote Schuur nursing and University of Cape Town registrar bodies co-ordinated by the Division of Critical Care at the University of Cape Town, the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine and the University of Oxford, the dedication and hard work of the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study team, the Research Council of Norway (grant no. 312780) and a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, the Comprehensive Local Research Networks of which PJMO is an NIHR Senior Investigator (NIHR201385), Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 115523 COMBACTE, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007– 2013) and EFPIA companies, in-kind contribution, the French COVID cohort (NCT04262921) is sponsored by INSERM and is funded by the REACTing (REsearch & ACtion emergING infectious diseases) consortium and by a grant of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC n 20–0424), Stiftungsfonds zur Förderung der Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose und anderer Lungenkrankheiten of the City of Vienna (project no. APCOV22BGM), Italian Ministry of Health ‘Fondi Ricerca corrente–L1P6’ to IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore–Don Calabria, Australian Department of Health grant (3273191), Gender Equity Strategic Fund at University of Queensland, Artificial Intelligence for Pandemics (A14PAN) at University of Queensland, the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQUS, CE170100009), the Prince Charles Hospital Foundation, Australia, grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Spain, Brazil, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (scholarship no. 303953/2018–7), the Firland Foundation, Shoreline, Washington, USA, a grant from foundation Bevordering Onderzoek Franciscus, the South Eastern Norway Health Authority and the Research Council of Norway, and preparedness work conducted by the Short PeRiod IncideNce sTudy of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection. Data and Material provision was supported by grants from the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, award CO-CIN-01), the Medical Research Council (MRC, and grant MC_PC_19059) and by the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with PHE (award no. 200907), NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award no. 200927), Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (grant no. C18616/A25153), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (award no. IS-BRC-1215–20013) and NIHR Clinical Research Network providing infrastructure support.
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, MESH: Hospitalization, MESH: Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Risk Factors, Risk Factors, MESH: Child, cohort study, MESH: COVID-19, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Child, Proportional Hazards Models, MESH: Humans, MESH: Middle Aged, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, risk of death, General Medicine, Middle Aged, co-morbidities, symptoms, treatments, MESH: Male, Hospitalization, Intensive Care Units, MESH: Intensive Care Units, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, COVID-19/therapy
Abstract: Background We describe demographic features, treatments and clinical outcomes in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 cohort, one of the world's largest international, standardized data sets concerning hospitalized patients. Methods The data set analysed includes COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January 2020 and January 2022 in 52 countries. We investigated how symptoms on admission, co-morbidities, risk factors and treatments varied by age, sex and other characteristics. We used Cox regression models to investigate associations between demographics, symptoms, co-morbidities and other factors with risk of death, admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results Data were available for 689 572 patients with laboratory-confirmed (91.1%) or clinically diagnosed (8.9%) SARS-CoV-2 infection from 52 countries. Age [adjusted hazard ratio per 10 years 1.49 (95% CI 1.48, 1.49)] and male sex [1.23 (1.21, 1.24)] were associated with a higher risk of death. Rates of admission to an ICU and use of IMV increased with age up to age 60 years then dropped. Symptoms, co-morbidities and treatments varied by age and had varied associations with clinical outcomes. The case-fatality ratio varied by country partly due to differences in the clinical characteristics of recruited patients and was on average 21.5%. Conclusions Age was the strongest determinant of risk of death, with a ∼30-fold difference between the oldest and youngest groups; each of the co-morbidities included was associated with up to an almost 2-fold increase in risk. Smoking and obesity were also associated with a higher risk of death. The size of our international database and the standardized data collection method make this study a comprehensive international description of COVID-19 clinical features. Our findings may inform strategies that involve prioritization of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 who have a higher risk of death.
Published: 2023
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4. Comparing Crystallized Phenol and Surgical Excision Treatments in Pilonidal Sinus Disease

Author: Ali, Gozukucuk, Basri, Cakiroglu, Sefa, Yapici, Ilknur Banli, Cesur, Zerrin, Ozcelik, Hassan Huseyin, Kilic, and Çakıroğlu, Basri
Subjects: Male, Surgical treatment, Phenol, General Medicine, Skin Diseases, Surgical Flaps, Crystallized phenol, Pilonidal Sinus, Treatment Outcome, Recurrence, Pilonidal sinus disease, Humans, Female, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Child
Abstract: Objective: To compare the results of commonly used treatments (Karydakis Flap method and crystallized phenol application) in the treatment of pilonidal sinus. Study Design: Comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Adana Seyhan State Hospital, Adana City Hospital, and Hisar Intercontinental Hospital Pediatric Surgery Clinic, from January 2016 to December 2020. Methodology: Patients who were treated for pilonidal Sinus and treated with surgical repair (karydakis flap method) and crystallized phenol method were included in the study. The efficacy and complications of both treatments were compared. Results: Of the patients, 111 (34.7%) were treated with surgical repair, and 208 (65.3%) with the crystallized phenol method. Of the patients included in the study, 166 (52%) were male and 153 (48%) were female. The mean age was calculated as 15.5 (± 1.4). The mean hospital stay in the surgery group was 1.6 ± 0.4 days. The mean time to return to school was 2.8 ± 1.02 days in the phenol group and 12.3 ± 2.2 days in the Surgery group. Despite the third session of phenol application, recovery could not be achieved in 12 (5.7%) patients. Among those who had surgery, recurrence occurred in 7 (6.3%) patients and they had to be operated once more. Conclusion: Crystallized Phenol application can be applied in uncomplicated cases due to high success, low complication, rapid recovery, early return to daily activities.
Published: 2022
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5. Epidemiology, Management, and Outcomes of Sepsis in ICUs among Countries of Differing National Wealth across Asia

Author: Andrew Li, Lowell Ling, Hanyu Qin, Yaseen M. Arabi, Sheila Nainan Myatra, Moritoki Egi, Je Hyeong Kim, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Do Ngoc Son, Wen-Feng Fang, Bambang Wahyuprajitno, Madiha Hashmi, Mohammad Omar Faruq, Boonsong Patjanasoontorn, Maher Jaffer Al Bahrani, Babu Raja Shrestha, Ujma Shrestha, Khalid Mahmood Khan Nafees, Kyi Kyi Sann, Jose Emmanuel M. Palo, Naranpurev Mendsaikhan, Aidos Konkayev, Khamsay Detleuxay, Yiong Huak Chan, Bin Du, Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia, Younsuck Koh, Charles D. Gomersall, and Jason Phua
Subjects: Adult, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Intensive Care Units, Asia, Sepsis, Humans, Prospective Studies, Hospital Mortality, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Anti-Bacterial Agents
Published: 2022
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6. Predictive value of oxidative, antioxidative, and inflammatory status for left ventricular systolic recovery after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Author: Fatih Aksoy, Hasan Aydin Baş, Ali Bağcı, Hasan Basri Savaş, and Mehmet Özaydın
Subjects: Myocardial Infarction, Stroke Volume, General Medicine, Oxidants, Ventricular Function, Left, Antioxidants, Oxidative Stress, C-Reactive Protein, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, ST elevation myocardial infarction, Humans, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, Ventricular dysfunction
Abstract: SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the association between left ventricular ejection fraction recovery and the total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels. METHODS: A total of 264 ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients were classified into two groups according to baseline and 6-month follow-up left ventricular systolic function: reduced and recovery systolic function. Predictors of the recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction were determined by multivariate regression analyses. RESULTS: Multivariable analysis indicated that oxidative status index, baseline left ventricular ejection fraction and peak creatine-kinase myocardial bundle level, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were independently associated with the decreased of left ventricular ejection fraction at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were detrimental to the recovery of left ventricular ejection fraction in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.
Published: 2022
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7. ISARIC-COVID-19 dataset: A Prospective, Standardized, Global Dataset of Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19

Author: Abbas, Ali, Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann, Abdulkadir, Nurul Najmee, Abe, Ryuzo, Abel, Laurent, Absil, Lara, Jabal, Kamal Abu, Zayyad, Hiba Abu, Acharya, Subhash, Acker, Andrew, Adachi, Shingo, Adam, Elisabeth, Adriano, Enrico, Adrião, Diana, Ageel, Saleh Al, Ahmed, Shakeel, Aiello, Marina, Ainscough, Kate, Airlangga, Eka, Aisa, Tharwat, Hssain, Ali Ait, Tamlihat, Younes Ait, Akimoto, Takako, Akmal, Ernita, Qasim, Eman Al, Al-dabbous, Tala, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Alalqam, Razi, Alberti, Angela, Alegesan, Senthilkumar, Alegre, Cynthia, Alessi, Marta, Alex, Beatrice, Alexandre, Kévin, Alfoudri, Huda, Ali, Adam, Ali, Imran, Shah, Naseem Ali, Sheikh, Naseem Ali, Alidjnou, Kazali Enagnon, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Alkhafajee, Qabas, Allavena, Clotilde, Allou, Nathalie, Altaf, Aneela, Alves, João, Alves, João Melo, Alves, Rita, Amaral, Maria, Amira, Nur, Ammerlaan, Heidi, Ampaw, Phoebe, Andini, Roberto, Andrejak, Claire, Angheben, Andrea, Angoulvant, François, Ansart, Séverine, Anthonidass, Sivanesen, Antonelli, Massimo, de Brito, Carlos Alexandre Antunes, Anwar, Kazi Rubayet, Apriyana, Ardiyan, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Arancibia, Francisco, Araujo, Carolline, Arcadipane, Antonio, Archambault, Patrick, Arenz, Lukas, Arlet, Jean-Benoît, Arnold-Day, Christel, Aroca, Ana, Arora, Lovkesh, Arora, Rakesh, Artaud-Macari, Elise, Aryal, Diptesh, Asaki, Motohiro, Asensio, Angel, Ashley, Elizabeth, Ashraf, Muhammad, Asif, Namra, Asim, Mohammad, Assie, Jean Baptiste, Asyraf, Amirul, Atique, Anika, Attanyake, A. M. Udara Lakshan, Auchabie, Johann, Aumaitre, Hugues, Auvet, Adrien, Axelsen, Eyvind W., Azemar, Laurène, Azoulay, Cecile, Bach, Benjamin, Bachelet, Delphine, Badr, Claudine, Bævre-Jensen, Roar, Baig, Nadia, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Baird, J Kevin, Bak, Erica, Bakakos, Agamemnon, Bakar, Nazreen Abu, Bal, Andriy, Balakrishnan, Mohanaprasanth, Balan, Valeria, Bani-Sadr, Firouzé, Barbalho, Renata, Barbosa, Nicholas Yuri, Barclay, Wendy S., Barnett, Saef Umar, Barnikel, Michaela, Barrasa, Helena, Barrelet, Audrey, Barrigoto, Cleide, Bartoli, Marie, Bartone, Cheryl, Baruch, Joaquín, Bashir, Mustehan, Basmaci, Romain, Basri, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin, Battaglini, Denise, Bauer, Jules, Rincon, Diego Fernando Bautista, Dow, Denisse Bazan, Beane, Abigail, Bedossa, Alexandra, Bee, Ker Hong, Begum, Husna, Behilill, Sylvie, Beiruti, Karine, Beishuizen, Albertus, Beljantsev, Aleksandr, Bellemare, David, Beltrame, Anna, Beltrão, Beatriz Amorim, Beluze, Marine, Benech, Nicolas, Benjiman, Lionel Eric, Benkerrou, Dehbia, Bennett, Suzanne, Bento, Luís, Berdal, Jan-Erik, Bergeaud, Delphine, Bergin, Hazel, Sobrino, José Luis Bernal, Bertoli, Giulia, Bertolino, Lorenzo, Bessis, Simon, Betz, Adam, Bevilcaqua, Sybille, Bezulier, Karine, Bhatt, Amar, Bhavsar, Krishna, Bianchi, Isabella, Bianco, Claudia, Bidin, Farah Nadiah, Singh, Moirangthem Bikram, Bin Humaid, Felwa, Bin Kamarudin, Mohd Nazlin, Bissuel, François, Biston, Patrick, Bitker, Laurent, Bitton, Jonathan, Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo, Blier, Catherine, Bloos, Frank, Blot, Mathieu, Blumberg, Lucille, Boccia, Filomena, Bodenes, Laetitia, Bogaarts, Alice, Bogaert, Debby, Boivin, Anne-Hélène, Bolze, Pierre-Adrien, Bompart, François, Bonelli, Patrizia, Bonfasius, Aurelius, Borges, Diogo, Borie, Raphaël, Bosse, Hans Martin, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Bouadma, Lila, Bouchaud, Olivier, Bouchez, Sabelline, Bouhmani, Dounia, Bouhour, Damien, Bouiller, Kévin, Bouillet, Laurence, Bouisse, Camile, Bounphiengsy, Thipsavanh, Bountthasavong, Latsaniphone, Boureau, Anne-Sophie, Bourke, John, Bouscambert, Maude, Bousquet, Aurore, Bouziotis, Jason, Boxma, Bianca, Boyer-Besseyre, Marielle, Boylan, Maria, Bozza, Fernando Augusto, Braconnier, Axelle, Braga, Cynthia, Brandenburger, Timo, Monteiro, Filipa Brás, Brazzi, Luca, Breen, Dorothy, Breen, Patrick, Brickell, Kathy, Browne, Alex, Browne, Shaunagh, Brozzi, Nicolas, Brunvoll, Sonja Hjellegjerde, Brusse-Keizer, Marjolein, Buchtele, Nina, Buesaquillo, Christian, Bugaeva, Polina, Buisson, Marielle, Buonsenso, Danilo, Burhan, Erlina, Burrell, Aidan, Bustos, Ingrid G., Butnaru, Denis, Cabie, André, Cabral, Susana, Caceres, Eder, Cadoz, Cyril, Callahan, Mia, Calligy, Kate, Calvache, Jose Andres, Caminiti, Caterina, Camões, João, Campana, Valentine, Campbell, Paul, Campisi, Josie, Canepa, Cecilia, Cantero, Mireia, Caraux-Paz, Pauline, Cárcel, Sheila, Cardellino, Chiara Simona, Cardoso, Filipa, Cardoso, Filipe, Cardoso, Nelson, Cardoso, Sofia, Carelli, Simone, Carlacci, Francesca, Carlier, Nicolas, Carmoi, Thierry, Carney, Gayle, Carqueja, Inês, Carret, Marie-Christine, Carrier, François Martin, Carroll, Ida, Carson, Gail, Carvalho, Leonor, Casanova, Maire-Laure, Cascão, Mariana, Casey, Siobhan, Casimiro, José, Cassandra, Bailey, Castañeda, Silvia, Castanheira, Nidyanara, Castor-Alexandre, Guylaine, Castrillón, Henry, Castro, Ivo, Catarino, Ana, Catherine, François-Xavier, Cattaneo, Paolo, Cavalin, Roberta, Cavalli, Giulio Giovanni, Cavayas, Alexandros, Ceccato, Adrian, Cervantes-Gonzalez, Minerva, Chair, Anissa, Chakveatze, Catherine, Chan, Adrienne, Chand, Meera, Auger, Christelle Chantalat, Chapplain, Jean-Marc, Chas, Julie, Chatterjee, Allegra, Chaudry, Mobin, Iñiguez, Jonathan Samuel Chávez, Chen, Anjellica, Chen, Yih-Sharng, Cheng, Matthew Pellan, Cheret, Antoine, Chetta, Alfredo Antonio, Chiarabini, Thibault, Chica, Julian, Chidambaram, Suresh Kumar, Tho, Leong Chin, Chirouze, Catherine, Chiumello, Davide, Cho, Hwa Jin, Cho, Sung-Min, Cholley, Bernard, Chommanam, Danoy, Chopin, Marie-Charlotte, Chow, Ting Soo, Chow, Yock Ping, Christy, Nathaniel, Chua, Hiu Jian, Chua, Jonathan, Cidade, Jose Pedro, Herreros, José Miguel Cisneros, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Ciullo, Anna, Clarke, Emma, Clarke, Jennifer, Granado, Rolando Claure-Del, Clohisey, Sara, Cobb, Perren J., Codan, Cassidy, Cody, Caitriona, Coelho, Alexandra, Coles, Megan, Colin, Gwenhaël, Collins, Michael, Colombo, Sebastiano Maria, Combs, Pamela, Connor, Marie, Conrad, Anne, Contreras, Sofía, Conway, Elaine, Cooke, Graham S., Copland, Mary, Cordel, Hugues, Corley, Amanda, Cornelis, Sabine, Cornet, Alexander Daniel, Corpuz, Arianne Joy, Cortegiani, Andrea, Corvaisier, Grégory, Costigan, Emma, Couffignal, Camille, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, Courtois, Roxane, Cousse, Stéphanie, Cregan, Rachel, D’Orleans, Charles Crepy, Croonen, Sabine, Crowl, Gloria, Crump, Jonathan, Cruz, Claudina, Berm, Juan Luis Cruz, Rojo, Jaime Cruz, Csete, Marc, Cucino, Alberto, Cullen, Ailbhe, Cummings, Matthew, Curley, Ger, Curley, Gerard, Curlier, Elodie, Curran, Colleen, Custodio, Paula, D’Amico, Federico, D’Aragon, Frédérick, D’Ortenzio, Eric, da Silva Filipe, Ana, Da Silveira, Charlene, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Dagens, Andrew, Dahl, John Arne, Dahly, Darren, Dalton, Heidi, Dalton, Jo, Daly, Seamus, Daneman, Nick, Daniel, Corinne, Dankwa, Emmanuelle A, Dantas, Jorge, de Boer, Mark, de Loughry, Gillian, de Mendoza, Diego, De Montmollin, Etienne, de Oliveira França, Rafael Freitas, Oliveira, Ana Isabel de Pinho, De Rosa, Rosanna, De Rose, Cristina, de Silva, Thushan, de Vries, Peter, Deacon, Jillian, Dean, David, Debard, Alexa, DeBenedictis, Bianca, Debray, Marie-Pierre, DeCastro, Nathalie, Dechert, William, Deconninck, Lauren, Decours, Romain, Defous, Eve, Delacroix, Isabelle, Delaveuve, Eric, Delavigne, Karen, Delfos, Nathalie M., Deligiannis, Ionna, Dell’Amore, Andrea, Delmas, Christelle, Delobel, Pierre, Delsing, Corine, Demonchy, Elisa, Denis, Emmanuelle, Deplanque, Dominique, Depuydt, Pieter, Desai, Mehul, Descamps, Diane, Desvallées, Mathilde, Dewayanti, Santi, Dhanger, Pathik, Diallo, Alpha, Diamantis, Sylvain, Dias, André, Dias, Andrea, Diaz, Juan Jose, Diaz, Priscila, Diaz, Rodrigo, Didier, Kévin, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Dieperink, Wim, Dimet, Jérôme, Dinot, Vincent, Diop, Fara, Diouf, Alphonsine, Dishon, Yael, Djossou, Félix, Docherty, Annemarie B., Doherty, Helen, Dondorp, Arjen M, Dong, Andy, Donnelly, Christl A., Donnelly, Maria, Donohue, Chloe, Donohue, Sean, Donohue, Yoann, Doran, Peter, Dorival, Céline, Douangdala, Phouvieng, Douglas, James Joshua, Douma, Renee, Dournon, Nathalie, Downer, Triona, Downey, Joanne, Downing, Mark, Drake, Tom, Driscoll, Aoife, Dror, Amiel A., Dryden, Murray, Fonseca, Claudio Duarte, Dubee, Vincent, Dubos, François, Dubot-Pérès, Audrey, Ducancelle, Alexandre, Duculan, Toni, Dudman, Susanne, Duggal, Abhijit, Dunand, Paul, Dunning, Jake, Duplaix, Mathilde, Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele, Durham III, Lucian, Dussol, Bertrand, Duthoit, Juliette, Duval, Xavier, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Margarita, Ean, Sim Choon, Echeverria-Villalobos, Marco, Economopoulos, Giorgio, Edelstein, Michael, Egan, Siobhan, Eggesbø, Linn Margrete, Eira, Carla, El Sanharawi, Mohammed, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Elharrar, Brigitte, Ellerbroek, Jacobien, Ellingjord-Dale, Merete, Eloy, Philippine, Elshazly, Tarek, Elyazar, Iqbal, Enderle, Isabelle, Endo, Tomoyuki, Eng, Chan Chee, Engelmann, Ilka, Enouf, Vincent, Epaulard, Olivier, Escher, Martina, Esperatti, Mariano, Esperou, Hélène, Esposito-Farese, Marina, Estevão, João, Etienne, Manuel, Ettalhaoui, Nadia, Everding, Anna Greti, Evers, Mirjam, Fabre, Isabelle, Fabre, Marc, Faheem, Amna, Fahy, Arabella, Fairfield, Cameron J., Fakar, Zul, Fareed, Komal, Faria, Pedro, Farooq, Ahmed, Fateena, Hanan, Fatoni, Arie Zainul, Faure, Karine, Favory, Raphaël, Fayed, Mohamed, Feely, Niamh, Feeney, Laura, Fernandes, Jorge, Fernandes, Marília Andreia, Fernandes, Susana, Ferrand, François-Xavier, Devouge, Eglantine Ferrand, Ferrão, Joana, Ferrari, Carlo, Ferraz, Mário, Ferreira, Benigno, Ferreira, Isabel, Ferreira, Sílvia, Ferrer-Roca, Ricard, Ferriere, Nicolas, Ficko, Céline, Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia, Finlayson, William, Fiorda, Juan, Flament, Thomas, Flateau, Clara, Fletcher, Tom, Florio, Letizia Lucia, Flynn, Brigid, Flynn, Deirdre, Fogliazza, Federica, Foley, Claire, Foley, Jean, Fomin, Victor, Fonseca, Tatiana, Fontela, Patricia, Forsyth, Simon, Foster, Denise, Foti, Giuseppe, Fourn, Erwan, Fowler, Robert A., Fraher, Marianne, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Fraser, Christophe, Fraser, John F, Freire, Marcela Vieira, Ribeiro, Ana Freitas, French, Craig, Friedrich, Caren, Fritz, Ricardo, Fry, Stéphanie, Fuentes, Nora, Fukuda, Masahiro, Argin, G, Gaborieau, Valérie, Gaci, Rostane, Gagliardi, Massimo, Gagnard, Jean-Charles, Gagné, Nathalie, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Gaião, Sérgio, Skeie, Linda Gail, Gallagher, Phil, Curto, Elena Gallego, Gamble, Carrol, Gani, Yasmin, Garan, Arthur, Garcia, Rebekha, Barrio, Noelia García, Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Garcia-Gallo, Esteban, Garimella, Navya, Garofalo, Federica, Garot, Denis, Garrait, Valérie, Gauli, Basanta, Gault, Nathalie, Gavin, Aisling, Gavrylov, Anatoliy, Gaymard, Alexandre, Gebauer, Johannes, Geraud, Eva, Morlaes, Louis Gerbaud, Germano, Nuno, Ghisulal, Praveen Kumar, Ghosn, Jade, Giani, Marco, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gibson, Jess, Gigante, Tristan, Gilg, Morgane, Gilroy, Elaine, Giordano, Guillermo, Girvan, Michelle, Gissot, Valérie, Gitaka, Jesse, Giwangkancana, Gezy, Glikman, Daniel, Glybochko, Petr, Gnall, Eric, Goco, Geraldine, Goehringer, François, Goepel, Siri, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Goh, Jin Yi, Golob, Jonathan, Gomes, Rui, Gomez, Kyle, Gómez-Junyent, Joan, Gominet, Marie, Gonçalves, Bronner P., Gonzalez, Alicia, Gordon, Patricia, Gorelik, Yanay, Gorenne, Isabelle, Goubert, Laure, Goujard, Cécile, Goulenok, Tiphaine, Grable, Margarite, Graf, Jeronimo, Grandin, Edward Wilson, Granier, Pascal, Grasselli, Giacomo, Grazioli, Lorenzo, Green, Christopher A., Greene, Courtney, Greenhalf, William, Greffe, Segolène, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Griffee, Matthew, Griffiths, Fiona, Grigoras, Ioana, Groenendijk, Albert, Lordemann, Anja Grosse, Gruner, Heidi, Gu, Yusing, Guarracino, Fabio, Guedj, Jérémie, Guego, Martin, Guellec, Dewi, Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, Guerreiro, Daniela, Guery, Romain, Guillaumot, Anne, Guilleminault, Laurent, de Castro, Maisa Guimarães, Guimard, Thomas, Haalboom, Marieke, Haber, Daniel, Habraken, Hannah, Hachemi, Ali, Hackmann, Amy, Hadri, Nadir, Haidri, Fakhir, Hakak, Sheeba, Hall, Adam, Hall, Matthew, Halpin, Sophie, Hameed, Jawad, Hamer, Ansley, Hamers, Raph L., Hamidfar, Rebecca, Hammarström, Bato, Hammond, Terese, Han, Lim Yuen, Haniffa, Rashan, Hao, Kok Wei, Hardwick, Hayley, Harrison, Ewen M., Harrison, Janet, Harrison, Samuel Bernard Ekow, Hartman, Alan, Hasan, Mohd Shahnaz, Hashmi, Junaid, Hashmi, Madiha, Hayes, Ailbhe, Hays, Leanne, Heerman, Jan, Heggelund, Lars, Hendry, Ross, Hennessy, Martina, Henriquez-Trujillo, Aquiles, Hentzien, Maxime, Hernandez-Montfort, Jaime, Herr, Daniel, Hershey, Andrew, Hesstvedt, Liv, Hidayah, Astarini, Higgins, Dawn, Higgins, Eibhilin, Hinchion, Rita, Hinton, Samuel, Hiraiwa, Hiroaki, Hirkani, Haider, Hitoto, Hikombo, Ho, Antonia, Ho, Yi Bin, Hoctin, Alexandre, Hoffmann, Isabelle, Hoh, Wei Han, Hoiting, Oscar, Holt, Rebecca, Holter, Jan Cato, Horby, Peter, Horcajada, Juan Pablo, Hoshino, Koji, Hoshino, Kota, Houas, Ikram, Hough, Catherine L., Houltham, Stuart, Hsu, Jimmy Ming-Yang, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Huo, Stella, Hussain, Iqbal, Ijaz, Samreen, Illes, Hajnal-Gabriela, Imbert, Patrick, Imran, Mohammad, Sikander, Rana Imran, Imtiaz, Aftab, Inácio, Hugo, Dominguez, Carmen Infante, Ing, Yun Sii, Iosifidis, Elias, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Isgett, Sarah, Isidoro, Tiago, Ismail, Nadiah, Isnard, Margaux, Istre, Mette Stausland, Itai, Junji, Ito, Asami, Ivulich, Daniel, Jaafar, Danielle, Jaafoura, Salma, Jabot, Julien, Jackson, Clare, Jamieson, Nina, Jaquet, Pierre, Jassat, Waasila, Jaud-Fischer, Coline, Jaureguiberry, Stéphane, Javidfar, Jeffrey, Jaworsky, Denise, Jego, Florence, Jelani, Anilawati Mat, Jenum, Synne, Jimbo-Sotomayor, Ruth, Joe, Ong Yiaw, García, Ruth N. Jorge, Jørgensen, Silje Bakken, Joseph, Cédric, Joseph, Mark, Joshi, Swosti, Jourdain, Mercé, Jouvet, Philippe, June, Jennifer, Jung, Anna, Jung, Hanna, Juzar, Dafsah, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kaisbain, Neerusha, Kaleesvran, Thavamany, Kali, Sabina, Kalicinska, Alina, Kalleberg, Karl Trygve, Kalomoiri, Smaragdi, Kamaluddin, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi, Kamaruddin, Zul Amali Che, Kamarudin, Nadiah, Kamineni, Kavita, Kandamby, Darshana Hewa, Kandel, Chris, Kang, Kong Yeow, Kanwal, Darakhshan, Kanyawati, Dyah, Karpayah, Pratap, Karsies, Todd, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Kasugai, Daisuke, Kataria, Anant, Katz, Kevin, Kaur, Aasmine, Kawasaki, Tatsuya, Kay, Christy, Keane, Hannah, Keating, Seán, Kedia, Pulak, Kelly, Andrea, Kelly, Aoife, Kelly, Claire, Kelly, Niamh, Kelly, Sadie, Kelly, Yvelynne, Kelsey, Maeve, Kennedy, Ryan, Kennon, Kalynn, Keomany, Sommay, Kernan, Maeve, Kerroumi, Younes, Keshav, Sharma, Kestelyn, Evelyne, Khalid, Imrana, Khalid, Osama, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Coralie, Khan, Irfan, Khan, Quratul Ain, Khanal, Sushil, Khatak, Abid, Khawaja, Amin, Kherajani, Krish, Kho, Michelle E., Khoo, Denisa, Khoo, Ryan, Khoo, Saye, Khoso, Nasir, Kiat, Khor How, Kida, Yuri, Kihuga, Harrison, Kiiza, Peter, Granerud, Beathe Kiland, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Kim, Jae Burm, Kimmoun, Antoine, Kindgen-Milles, Detlef, King, Alexander, Kitamura, Nobuya, Kjetland, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland, Klenerman, Paul, Klont, Rob, Bekken, Gry Kloumann, Knight, Stephen R, Kobbe, Robin, Kodippily, Chamira, Vasconcelos, Malte Kohns, Koirala, Sabin, Komatsu, Mamoru, Korten, Volkan, Kosgei, Caroline, Kpangon, Arsène, Krawczyk, Karolina, Krishnan, Sudhir, Krishnan, Vinothini, Kruglova, Oksana, Kumar, Deepali, Kumar, Ganesh, Kumar, Mukesh, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kuriakose, Dinesh, Kurtzman, Ethan, Kusumastuti, Neurinda Permata, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios, Kutsyna, Galyna, Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos, L’Her, Erwan, Lachatre, Marie, Lacoste, Marie, Laffey, John G., Lagrange, Marie, Laine, Fabrice, Lairez, Olivier, Lakhey, Sanjay, Lalueza, Antonio, Lambert, Marc, Lamontagne, François, Langelot-Richard, Marie, Langlois, Vincent, Lantang, Eka Yudha, Lanza, Marina, Laouénan, Cédric, Laribi, Samira, Lariviere, Delphine, Lasry, Stéphane, Lath, Sakshi, Latif, Naveed, Launay, Odile, Laureillard, Didier, Lavie-Badie, Yoan, Law, Andrew, Law, Andy, Lawrence, Cassie, Lawrence, Teresa, Le, Minh, Le Bihan, Clément, Le Bris, Cyril, Le Falher, Georges, Le Fevre, Lucie, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Maréchal, Marion, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Moal, Gwenaël, Le Moing, Vincent, Le Nagard, Hervé, Le Turnier, Paul, Leal, Ema, Santos, Marta Leal, Lee, Biing Horng, Lee, Heng Gee, Lee, James, Lee, Su Hwan, Lee, Todd C., Lee, Yi Lin, Leeming, Gary, Lefebvre, Bénédicte, Lefebvre, Laurent, Lefevre, Benjamin, LeGac, Sylvie, Lelievre, Jean-Daniel, Lellouche, François, Lemaignen, Adrien, Lemee, Véronique, Lemeur, Anthony, Lemmink, Gretchen, Lene, Ha Sha, Lennon, Jenny, León, Rafael, Leone, Marc, Leone, Michela, Lepiller, Quentin, Lescure, François-Xavier, Lesens, Olivier, Lesouhaitier, Mathieu, Lester-Grant, Amy, Letizia, Andrew, Levy, Bruno, Levy, Yves, Levy-Marchal, Claire, Lewandowska, Katarzyna, Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Liang, Janet, Liaquat, Ali, Liegeon, Geoffrey, Lim, Kah Chuan, Lim, Wei Shen, Lima, Chantre, Lina, Bruno, Lina, Lim, Lind, Andreas, Lingad, Maja Katherine, Lingas, Guillaume, Lion-Daolio, Sylvie, Lissauer, Samantha, Liu, Keibun, Livrozet, Marine, Lizotte, Patricia, Loforte, Antonio, Lolong, Navy, Loon, Leong Chee, Lopes, Diogo, Lopez-Colon, Dalia, Loschner, Anthony L., Loubet, Paul, Loufti, Bouchra, Louis, Guillame, Lourenco, Silvia, Lovelace-Macon, Lara, Low, Lee Lee, Lowik, Marije, Loy, Jia Shyi, Lucet, Jean Christophe, Bermejo, Carlos Lumbreras, Luna, Carlos M., Lungu, Olguta, Luong, Liem, Luque, Nestor, Luton, Dominique, Lwin, Nilar, Lyons, Ruth, Maasikas, Olavi, Mabiala, Oryane, MacDonald, Sarah, Machado, Moïse, Macheda, Gabriel, Sanchez, Juan Macias, Madhok, Jai, Madiha, Hashmi, de la Calle, Guillermo Maestro, Magara, Jacob, Maglietta, Giuseppe, Mahieu, Rafael, Mahy, Sophie, Maia, Ana Raquel, Maier, Lars S., Maillet, Mylène, Maitre, Thomas, Majori, Maria, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Malik, Nadia, Mallon, Paddy, Maltez, Fernando, Malvy, Denis, Mammi, Patrizia, Manda, Victoria, Mandei, Jose M., Mandelbrot, Laurent, Manetta, Frank, Mankikian, Julie, Manning, Edmund, Manuel, Aldric, Malaque, Ceila Maria Sant’Ana, Marino, Daniel, Marino, Flávio, Markowicz, Samuel, Eid, Charbel Maroun, Marques, Ana, Marquis, Catherine, Marsh, Brian, Marsh, Laura, Marshal, Megan, Marshall, John, Martelli, Celina Turchi, Martin, Dori-Ann, Martin, Emily, Martin-Blondel, Guillaume, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Martin-Quiros, Alejandro, Martinelli, Alessandra, Martinot, Martin, Martins, Ana, Martins, João, Martins, Nuno, Rego, Caroline Martins, Martucci, Gennaro, Martynenko, Olga, Marwali, Eva Miranda, Marzukie, Marsilla, Jimenez, Juan Fernado Masa, Maslove, David, Mason, Phillip, 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Narasimhan, Mangala, Narayanan, Nageswaran, Khan, Rashid Nasim, Nazerali-Maitland, Alasdair, Neant, Nadège, Neb, Holger, Necsoi, Coca, Nekliudov, Nikita A., Nelwan, Erni, Neto, Raul, Neumann, Emily, Neves, Bernardo, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Ng, Wing Yiu, Nghi, Anthony, Ngure, Jane, Nguyen, Duc, Choileain, Orna Ni, Leathlobhair, Niamh Ni, Nichol, Alistair, Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Nonas, Stephanie, Noordin, Nurul Amani Mohd, Noret, Marion, Norharizam, Nurul Faten Izzati, Norman, Lisa, Notari, Alessandra, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Nowicka, Karolina, Nowinski, Adam, Nseir, Saad, Nunez, Jose I., Nurnaningsih, Nurnaningsih, Nusantara, Dwi Utomo, Nyamankolly, Elsa, Nygaard, Anders Benteson, Brien, Fionnuala O., Callaghan, Annmarie O., O’Callaghan, Annmarie, O’Donnell, Max, O’Halloran, Sophie, O’Hearn, Katie, O’Neil, Conar, O’Shea, Linda, O’Sullivan, Miriam, Occhipinti, Giovanna, OConnor, Derbrenn, Ogston, Tawnya, Ogura, Takayuki, Oh, Tak-Hyuk, Ohshimo, Shinichiro, Oldakowska, Agnieszka, Oliveira, João, Oliveira, Larissa, Olliaro, Piero L., Ong, David S. 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Dilanthi, Proença, Lucia, Pudota, Sravya, Puéchal, Oriane, Semedi, Bambang Pujo, Pulicken, Mathew, Puntoni, Matteo, Purcell, Gregory, Quesada, Luisa, Quinones-Cardona, Vilmaris, González, Víctor Quirós, Quist-Paulsen, Else, Quraishi, Mohammed, Rabaa, Maia, Rabaud, Christian, Rabindrarajan, Ebenezer, Rafael, Aldo, Rafiq, Marie, Ragazzo, Gabrielle, Rahardjani, Mutia, Ab Rahman, Ahmad Kashfi Haji, Rahman, Rozanah Abd, Rahutullah, Arsalan, Rainieri, Fernando, Rajahram, Giri Shan, Ramachandran, Pratheema, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Ramanathan, Kollengode, Ramli, Ahmad Afiq, Rammaert, Blandine, Ramos, Grazielle Viana, Rampello, Anais, Rana, Asim, Rangappa, Rajavardhan, Ranjan, Ritika, Ranza, Elena, Rapp, Christophe, Rashan, Aasiyah, Rashan, Thalha, Rasheed, Ghulam, Rasmin, Menaldi, Rätsep, Indrek, Rau, Cornelius, Rausa, Francesco, Ravi, Tharmini, Raza, Ali, Real, Andre, Rebaudet, Stanislas, Redl, Sarah, Reeve, Brenda, Rehman, Attaur, Reid, Liadain, Reikvam, Dag Henrik, Reis, Renato, Rello, Jordi, Remppis, Jonathan, Remy, Martine, Ren, Hongru, Renk, Hanna, Resseguier, Anne-Sophie, Revest, Matthieu, Rewa, Oleksa, Reyes, Luis Felipe, Reyes, Tiago, Ribeiro, Maria Ines, Ricchiuto, Antonia, Richardson, David, Richardson, Denise, Richier, Laurent, Ridzuan, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad, Riera, Jordi, Rios, Ana L., Rishu, Asgar, Rispal, Patrick, Risso, Karine, Nuñez, Maria Angelica Rivera, Rizer, Nicholas, Robba, Chiara, Roberto, André, Roberts, Stephanie, Robertson, David L., Robineau, Olivier, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Rodari, Paola, Rodeia, Simão, Abreu, Julia Rodriguez, Roessler, Bernhard, Roger, Claire, Roger, Pierre-Marie, Roilides, Emmanuel, Rojek, Amanda, Romaru, Juliette, Roncon-Albuquerque Jr, Roberto, Roriz, Mélanie, Rosa-Calatrava, Manuel, Rose, Michael, Rosenberger, Dorothea, Roslan, Nurul Hidayah Mohammad, Rossanese, Andrea, Rossetti, Matteo, Rossi, Sandra, Rossignol, Bénédicte, Rossignol, Patrick, Rousset, Stella, Roy, Carine, Roze, Benoît, Rusmawatiningtyas, Desy, Russell, Clark D., Ryan, Maeve, Ryan, Maria, Ryckaert, Mazankowski Heart Institute, Ryckaert, Steffi, Holten, Aleksander Rygh, Saba, Isabela, Sacchelli, Luca, Sadaf, Sairah, Sadat, Musharaf, Sahraei, Valla, Saidani, Nadia, Saint-Gilles, Maximilien, Sakiyalak, Pranya, Salahuddin, Nawal, Salazar, Leonardo, Saleem, Jodat, Saleh, Nazal, Sales, Gabriele, Sallaberry, Stéphane, Gandonniere, Charlotte Salmon, Salvator, Hélène, Sanchez, Olivier, Choez, Xavier Sánchez, de Oliveira, Kizy Sanchez, Sanchez-Miralles, Angel, Sancho-Shimizu, Vanessa, Sandhu, Gyan, Sandhu, Zulfiqar, Sandrine, Pierre-François, Sandulescu, Oana, Santos, Marlene, Sarfo-Mensah, Shirley, Banheiro, Bruno Sarmento, Sarmiento, Iam Claire E., Sarton, Benjamine, Satya, Ankana, Satyapriya, Sree, Satyawati, Rumaisah, Saviciute, Egle, Savvidou, Parthena, Saw, Yen Tsen, Schaffer, Justin, Schermer, Tjard, Scherpereel, Arnaud, Schneider, Marion, Schroll, Stephan, Schwameis, Michael, Schwartz, Gary, Scott, Janet T., Scott-Brown, James, Sedillot, Nicholas, Seitz, Tamara, Selvanayagam, Jaganathan, Selvarajoo, Mageswari, Semaille, Caroline, Semple, Malcolm G., Senian, Rasidah Bt, Senneville, Eric, Sepulveda, Claudia, Sequeira, Filipa, Sequeira, Tânia, Neto, Ary Serpa, Balazote, Pablo Serrano, Shadowitz, Ellen, Shahidan, Syamin Asyraf, Shamsah, Mohammad, Shankar, Anuraj, Sharjeel, Shaikh, Sharma, Pratima, Shaw, Catherine A., Shaw, Victoria, Sheharyar, Ashraf, Shetty, Dr. Rajesh Mohan, Shetty, Rohan, Shi, Haixia, Shiban, Nisreen, Shiekh, Mohiuddin, Shiga, Takuya, Shime, Nobuaki, Shimizu, Hiroaki, Shimizu, Keiki, Shimizu, Naoki, Shrapnel, Sally, Shrestha, Pramesh Sundar, Shrestha, Shubha Kalyan, Shum, Hoi Ping, Mohammed, Nassima Si, Siang, Ng Yong, Sibiude, Jeanne, Sibounheuang, Bountoy, Siddiqui, Atif, Sigfrid, Louise, Sillaots, Piret, Silva, Catarina, Silva, Maria Joao, Silva, Rogério, Heng, Benedict Sim Lim, Sin, Wai Ching, Sinatti, Dario, Singh, Budha Charan, Singh, Punam, Sitompul, Pompini Agustina, Sivam, Karisha, Skogen, Vegard, Smith, Sue, Smood, Benjamin, Smyth, Coilin, Smyth, Michelle, Snacken, Morgane, So, Dominic, Soh, Tze Vee, Solberg, Lene Bergendal, Solomon, Joshua, Solomon, Tom, Somers, Emily, Sommet, Agnès, Song, Myung Jin, Song, Rima, Song, Tae, Chia, Jack Song, Sonntagbauer, Michael, Soom, Azlan Mat, Søraas, Arne, Søraas, Camilla Lund, Sotto, Alberto, Soum, Edouard, Sousa, Ana Chora, Sousa, Marta, Uva, Maria Sousa, Souza-Dantas, Vicente, Sperry, Alexandra, Spinuzza, Elisabetta, Darshana, B. P. Sanka Ruwan Sri, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stabler, Sarah, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Steinsvik, Trude, Stienstra, Ymkje, Stiksrud, Birgitte, Stolz, Eva, Stone, Amy, Streinu-Cercel, Adrian, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Strudwick, Samantha, Stuart, Ami, Stuart, David, Subekti, Decy, Suen, Gabriel, Suen, Jacky Y., Sultana, Asfia, Summers, Charlotte, Supic, Dubravka, Suppiah, Deepashankari, Surovcová, Magdalena, Suwarti, Suwarti, Svistunov, Andrey A., Syahrin, Sarah, Syrigos, Konstantinos, Sztajnbok, Jaques, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Tabrizi, Shirin, Taccone, Fabio S., Tagherset, Lysa, Taib, Shahdattul Mawarni, Talarek, Ewa, Taleb, Sara, Talsma, Jelmer, Tamisier, Renaud, Tampubolon, Maria Lawrensia, Tan, Kim Keat, Tan, Le Van, Tan, Yan Chyi, Tanaka, Clarice, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Tanaka, Taku, Taniguchi, Hayato, Taqdees, Huda, Taqi, Arshad, Tardivon, Coralie, Tattevin, Pierre, Taufik, M Azhari, Tawfik, Hassan, Tedder, Richard S., Tee, Tze Yuan, Teixeira, João, Tejada, Sofia, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Teoh, Sze Kye, Teotonio, Vanessa, Téoulé, François, Terpstra, Pleun, Terrier, Olivier, Terzi, Nicolas, Tessier-Grenier, Hubert, Tey, Adrian, Thabit, Alif Adlan Mohd, Thakur, Anand, Tham, Zhang Duan, Thangavelu, Suvintheran, Thibault, Vincent, Thiberville, Simon-Djamel, Thill, Benoît, Thirumanickam, Jananee, Thompson, Shaun, Thomson, David, Thomson, Emma C., Thurai, Surain Raaj Thanga, Thuy, Duong Bich, Thwaites, Ryan S., Ticinesi, Andrea, Tierney, Paul, Tieroshyn, Vadim, Timashev, Peter S., Timsit, Jean-François, Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi, Tissot, Noémie, Toh, Jordan Zhien Yang, Toki, Maria, Tonby, Kristian, Tonnii, Sia Loong, Torres, Antoni, Torres, Margarida, Santos-Olmo, Rosario Maria Torres, Torres-Zevallos, Hernando, Towers, Michael, Trapani, Tony, Treoux, Théo, Trieu, Huynh Trung, Tromeur, Cécile, Trontzas, Ioannis, Trouillon, Tiffany, Truong, Jeanne, Tual, Christelle, Tubiana, Sarah, Tuite, Helen, Turmel, Jean-Marie, Turtle, Lance C. W., Tveita, Anders, Twardowski, Pawel, Uchiyama, Makoto, Udayanga, P G Ishara, Udy, Andrew, Ullrich, Roman, Uribe, Alberto, Usman, Asad, Uyeki, Timothy M., Vajdovics, Cristinava, Val-Flores, Luís, Valentini, Piero, Valle, Ana Luiza, Valran, Amélie, Valzano, Ilaria, Van de Velde, Stijn, van den Berge, Marcel, Van der Feltz, Machteld, van der Palen, Job, van der Valk, Paul, Van Der Vekens, Nicky, Van der Voort, Peter, Van Der Werf, Sylvie, van Dyk, Marlice, van Gulik, Laura, Van Hattem, Jarne, van Netten, Carolien, Van Twillert, Gitte, van Veen, Ilonka, Vanel, Noémie, Vanoverschelde, Henk, Varghese, Pooja, Varrone, Michael, Vasudayan, Shoban Raj, Vauchy, Charline, Veeran, Shaminee, Veislinger, Aurélie, Vencken, Sebastian, Ventura, Sara, Verbon, Annelies, Vickers, James, Vidal, José Ernesto, Vieira, César, Vijayan, Deepak, Villanueva, Joy Ann, Villar, Judit, Villeneuve, Pierre-Marc, Villoldo, Andrea, Van Vinh Chau, Nguyen, Vishwanathan, Gayatri, Visseaux, Benoit, Visser, Hannah, Vitiello, Chiara, Vongsouvath, Manivanh, Vonkeman, Harald, Vuotto, Fanny, Wahab, Noor Hidayu, Wahab, Suhaila Abdul, Wahid, Nadirah Abdul, Wainstein, Marina, Shukeri, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd, Wang, Chih-Hsien, Webb, Steve, Wei, Jia, Weil, Katharina, Wen, Tan Pei, Wesselius, Sanne, West, T. Eoin, Wham, Murray, Whelan, Bryan, White, Nicole, Wicky, Paul Henri, Wiedemann, Aurélie, Wijaya, Surya Otto, Wille, Keith, Willems, Suzette, Williams, Virginie, Wils, Evert-Jan, Wong, Calvin, Wong, Teck Fung, Wong, Xin Ci, Wong, Yew Sing, Wright, Natalie, Xian, Gan Ee, Xian, Lim Saio, Xuan, Kuan Pei, Xynogalas, Ioannis, Yacoub, Sophie, Yakop, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd, Yamazaki, Masaki, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Hing, Nicholas Yee Liang, Yelnik, Cécile, Yeoh, Chian Hui, Yerkovich, Stephanie, Yiaye, Touxiong, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Yonis, Hodane, Yousif, Obada, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Zaaqoq, Akram, Zabbe, Marion, Zacharowski, Kai, Zahid, Masliza, Zahran, Maram, Zaidan, Nor Zaila Binti, Zambon, Maria, Zambrano, Miguel, Zanella, Alberto, Zawadka, Konrad, Zaynah, Nurul, Zayyad, Hiba, Zoufaly, Alexander, Zucman, David, Fryer, Daniel Vidali, Duque, Sara, Fuentes, Yuli V., Baruch, Joaquin, Beane, Abi, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of La Sabana = Universitad de la Sabana, University of Queensland [Brisbane], University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Oxford, The investigators acknowledge: This work is part of the Grand Challenges ICODA pilot initiative, delivered by Health Data Research UK and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Minderoo Foundation. The philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford’s COVID-19 Research Response Fund, UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome [215091/Z/18/Z and 220757/Z/20/Z], the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135], the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, award CO-CIN-01), the Medical Research Council (MRC, grant MC_PC_19059), the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE)(award 200907), NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award 200927), Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (grant C18616/A25153), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (award IS-BRC-1215-20013), NIHR Clinical Research Network (infrastructure support), CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity OV2170359 and was coordinated out of Sunnybrook Research Institute, the endorsement of the Irish Critical Care- Clinical Trials Group, co-ordinated in Ireland by the Irish Critical Care- Clinical Trials Network at University College Dublin and funded by the Health Research Board of Ireland [CTN-2014-12], Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research (RECOVER) [H2020 project 101003589], European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (ECRAID) [965313], COVID clinical management team, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India, Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, the dedication and hard work of the Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team, the Groote Schuur nursing and University of Cape Town registrar bodies coordinated by the Division of Critical Care at the University of Cape Town, Wellcome Trust fellowship [205228/Z/16/Z], the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the University of Oxford, the dedication and hard work of the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study team, the Research Council of Norway grant no 312780, a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 115523 COMBACTE, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) and EFPIA companies, in-kind contribution, preparedness work conducted by the Short Period Incidence Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection, Stiftungsfonds zur Förderung der Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose und anderer Lungenkrankheiten of the City of Vienna, Project Number: APCOV22BGM, Italian Ministry of Health 'Fondi Ricerca corrente–L1P6' to IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore–Don Calabria, Australian Department of Health grant (3273191), Gender Equity Strategic Fund at University of Queensland, Artificial Intelligence for Pandemics (A14PAN) at University of Queensland, the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQUS, CE170100009), the Prince Charles Hospital Foundation, Australia, UK Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship MR/V001671/1, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Spain, Brazil, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Scholarship number 303953/2018-7, Firland Foundation, Shoreline, Washington, USA, the French COVID cohort (NCT04262921) is sponsored by INSERM and is funding by the REACTing (REsearch & ACtion emergING infectious diseases) consortium and by a grant of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC n°20-0424). This work uses Data/Material provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support #DataSavesLives. The Data/materials used for this research were obtained from ISARIC4C. ISARIC4C Investigators collated the COVID-19 Clinical Information Network (CO-CIN) data., European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Minderoo Foundation, Commonwealth Foundation, Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research (UK), Medical Research Council (UK), University of Liverpool, Imperial College London, Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Health Research Board (Ireland), European Commission, All India Institute of Medical Science, University of Cape Town, Research Council of Norway, Innovative Medicines Initiative, Governo Italiano, University of Queensland, Australian Research Council, Prince Charles Hospital Foundation, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (France), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Brasil), Garcia-Gallo, Esteban, Merson, Laura, Kennon, Kalynn, Kelly, Sadie, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Fryer, Daniel Vidali, Shrapnel, Sally, Lee, Jame, Duque, Sara, Fuentes, Yuli V, Balan, Valeria, Smith, Sue, Wei, Jia, Gonçalves, Bronner P, Russell, Clark D, Sigfrid, Louise, Dagens, Andrew, Olliaro, Piero L, Baruch, Joaquin, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Dunning, Jake, Rojek, Amanda, Rashan, Aasiyah, Beane, Abi, Murthy, Sriniva, Reyes, Luis Felipe, ISARIC Clinical Characterization Group: Ali Abbas, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Lara Absil, Kamal Abu Jabal, Hiba Abu Zayyad, Subhash Acharya, Andrew Acker, Shingo Adachi, Elisabeth Adam, Enrico Adriano, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Shakeel Ahmed, Marina Aiello, Kate Ainscough, Eka Airlangga, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Eman Al Qasim, Tala Al-Dabbous, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Razi Alalqam, Angela Alberti, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Cynthia Alegre, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Huda Alfoudri, Adam Ali, Imran Ali, Naseem Ali Shah, Naseem Ali Sheikh, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jeffrey Aliudin, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Aneela Altaf, João Alves, João Melo Alves, Rita Alves, Maria Amaral, Nur Amira, Heidi Ammerlaan, Phoebe Ampaw, Roberto Andini, Claire Andrejak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Kazi Rubayet Anwar, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Ana Aroca, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Motohiro Asaki, Angel Asensio, Elizabeth Ashley, Muhammad Ashraf, Namra Asif, Mohammad Asim, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Anika Atique, A M Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Eyvind W Axelsen, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Roar 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Christy Kay, Hannah Keane, Seán Keating, Pulak Kedia, Andrea Kelly, Aoife Kelly, Claire Kelly, Niamh Kelly, Sadie Kelly, Yvelynne Kelly, Maeve Kelsey, Ryan Kennedy, Kalynn Kennon, Sommay Keomany, Maeve Kernan, Younes Kerroumi, Sharma Keshav, Evelyne Kestelyn, Imrana Khalid, Osama Khalid, Antoine Khalil, Coralie Khan, Irfan Khan, Quratul Ain Khan, Sushil Khanal, Abid Khatak, Amin Khawaja, Krish Kherajani, Michelle E Kho, Denisa Khoo, Ryan Khoo, Saye Khoo, Nasir Khoso, Khor How Kiat, Yuri Kida, Harrison Kihuga, Peter Kiiza, Beathe Kiland Granerud, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Jae Burm Kim, Antoine Kimmoun, Detlef Kindgen-Milles, Alexander King, Nobuya Kitamura, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland Kjetland, Paul Klenerman, Rob Klont, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen R Knight, Robin Kobbe, Chamira Kodippily, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, Sabin Koirala, Mamoru Komatsu, Volkan Korten, Caroline Kosgei, Arsène Kpangon, Karolina Krawczyk, Sudhir Krishnan, Vinothini Krishnan, Oksana Kruglova, Deepali Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Pavan Kumar Vecham, Dinesh Kuriakose, Ethan Kurtzman, Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti, Demetrios Kutsogiannis, Galyna Kutsyna, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis, Erwan L'Her, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, John G Laffey, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Sanjay Lakhey, Antonio Lalueza, Marc Lambert, François Lamontagne, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Eka Yudha Lantang, Marina Lanza, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Lariviere, Stéphane Lasry, Sakshi Lath, Naveed Latif, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Andrew Law, Andy Law, Cassie Lawrence, Teresa Lawrence, Minh Le, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Paul Le Turnier, Ema Leal, Marta Leal Santos, Biing Horng Lee, Heng Gee Lee, James Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Todd C Lee, Yi Lin Lee, Gary Leeming, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Laurent Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefevre, Sylvie LeGac, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, François Lellouche, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Gretchen Lemmink, Ha Sha Lene, Jenny Lennon, Rafael León, Marc Leone, Michela Leone, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Amy Lester-Grant, Andrew Letizia, Bruno Levy, Yves Levy, Claire Levy-Marchal, Katarzyna Lewandowska, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Janet Liang, Ali Liaquat, Geoffrey Liegeon, Kah Chuan Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Chantre Lima, Bruno Lina, Lim Lina, Andreas Lind, Maja Katherine Lingad, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Samantha Lissauer, Keibun Liu, Marine Livrozet, Patricia Lizotte, Antonio Loforte, Navy Lolong, Leong Chee Loon, Diogo Lopes, Dalia Lopez-Colon, Anthony L Loschner, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Silvia Lourenco, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Lee Lee Low, Marije Lowik, Jia Shyi Loy, Jean Christophe Lucet, Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo, Carlos M Luna, Olguta Lungu, Liem Luong, Nestor Luque, Dominique Luton, Nilar Lwin, Ruth Lyons, Olavi Maasikas, Oryane Mabiala, Sarah MacDonald, Moïse Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Juan Macias Sanchez, Jai Madhok, Hashmi Madiha, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, Jacob Magara, Giuseppe Maglietta, Rafael Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Ana Raquel Maia, Lars S Maier, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Maria Majori, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Nadia Malik, Paddy Mallon, Fernando Maltez, Denis Malvy, Patrizia Mammi, Victoria Manda, Jose M Mandei, Laurent Mandelbrot, Frank Manetta, Julie Mankikian, Edmund Manning, Aldric Manuel, Ceila Maria Sant'Ana Malaque, Daniel Marino, Flávio Marino, Samuel Markowicz, Charbel Maroun Eid, Ana Marques, Catherine Marquis, Brian Marsh, Laura Marsh, Megan Marshal, John Marshall, Celina Turchi Martelli, Dori-Ann Martin, Emily Martin, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Alejandro Martin-Quiros, Alessandra Martinelli, Martin Martinot, Ana Martins, João Martins, Nuno Martins, Caroline Martins Rego, Gennaro Martucci, Olga Martynenko, Eva Miranda Marwali, Marsilla Marzukie, Juan Fernado Masa Jimenez, David Maslove, Phillip Mason, Sabina Mason, Sobia Masood, Basri Mat Nor, Moshe Matan, Henrique Mateus Fernandes, Meghena Mathew, Daniel Mathieu, Mathieu Mattei, Romans Matulevics, Laurence Maulin, Michael Maxwell, Javier Maynar, Mayfong Mayxay, Thierry Mazzoni, Natalie Mc Evoy, Lisa Mc Sweeney, Colin McArthur, Aine McCarthy, Anne McCarthy, Colin McCloskey, Rachael McConnochie, Sherry McDermott, Sarah E McDonald, Aine McElroy, Samuel McElwee, Victoria McEneany, Allison McGeer, Chris McKay, Johnny McKeown, Kenneth A McLean, Paul McNally, Bairbre McNicholas, Elaine McPartlan, Edel Meaney, Cécile Mear-Passard, Maggie Mechlin, Maqsood Meher, Omar Mehkri, Ferruccio Mele, Luis Melo, Kashif Memon, Joao Mendes, Ogechukwu Menkiti, Kusum Menon, France Mentré, Alexander J Mentzer, Emmanuelle Mercier, Noémie Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Blake Mergler, Laura Merson, Tiziana Meschi, António Mesquita, Roberta Meta, Osama 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Luis Periel, Thomas Perpoint, Antonio Pesenti, Vincent Pestre, Lenka Petrou, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Michele Petrovic, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Scott Pharand, Ooyanong Phonemixay, Michael Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Carola Pierobon, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Raquel Pinto, Catarina Pires, Isabelle Pironneau, Lionel Piroth, Roberta Pisi, Ayodhia Pitaloka, Riinu Pius, Simone Piva, Laurent Plantier, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Maria Pokorska-Spiewak, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Jolanta Popielska, Diego Bastos Porto, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F Postma, Pedro Povoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sofia Prapa, Viladeth Praphasiri, Sébastien Preau, Christian Prebensen, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Mark G Pritchard, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, Lucia Proença, Sravya Pudota, Oriane Puéchal, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Mathew Pulicken, Matteo Puntoni, Gregory Purcell, Luisa Quesada, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Maia Rabaa, Christian Rabaud, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Gabrielle Ragazzo, Mutia Rahardjani, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Arsalan Rahutullah, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Pratheema Ramachandran, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, Kollengode Ramanathan, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Grazielle Viana Ramos, Anais Rampello, Asim Rana, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Ritika Ranjan, Elena Ranza, Christophe Rapp, Aasiyah Rashan, Thalha Rashan, Ghulam Rasheed, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Francesco Rausa, Tharmini Ravi, Ali Raza, Andre Real, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Attaur Rehman, Liadain Reid, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Reis, Jordi Rello, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Remy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Luis Felipe Reyes, Tiago Reyes, Maria Ines Ribeiro, Antonia Ricchiuto, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Jordi Riera, Ana L Rios, Asgar Rishu, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, Nicholas Rizer, Chiara Robba, André Roberto, Stephanie Roberts, David L Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Ferran Roche-Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Julia Rodriguez Abreu, Bernhard Roessler, Claire Roger, Pierre-Marie Roger, Emmanuel Roilides, Amanda Rojek, Juliette Romaru, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque Jr, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Nurul Hidayah Mohammad Roslan, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Sandra Rossi, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Stella Rousset, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Clark D Russell, Maeve Ryan, Maria Ryan, Mazankowski Heart Institute Ryckaert, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Luca Sacchelli, Sairah Sadaf, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Nadia Saidani, Maximilien Saint-Gilles, Pranya Sakiyalak, Nawal 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Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Pratima Sharma, Catherine A Shaw, Victoria Shaw, Ashraf Sheharyar, Dr Rajesh Mohan Shetty, Rohan Shetty, Haixia Shi, Nisreen Shiban, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Takuya Shiga, Nobuaki Shime, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Naoki Shimizu, Sally Shrapnel, Pramesh Sundar Shrestha, Shubha Kalyan Shrestha, Hoi Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Bountoy Sibounheuang, Atif Siddiqui, Louise Sigfrid, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Rogério Silva, Benedict Sim Lim Heng, Wai Ching Sin, Dario Sinatti, Budha Charan Singh, Punam Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Lene Bergendal Solberg, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Emily Somers, Agnès Sommet, Myung Jin Song, Rima Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Michael Sonntagbauer, Azlan Mat Soom, Arne Søraas, Camilla Lund Søraas, Alberto Sotto, Edouard Soum, Ana Chora Sousa, Marta Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B P Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Samantha Strudwick, Ami Stuart, David Stuart, Decy Subekti, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y Suen, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Suwarti Suwarti, Andrey A Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Fabio S Taccone, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Ewa Talarek, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Renaud Tamisier, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Le Van Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Clarice Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Taku Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Huda Taqdees, Arshad Taqi, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Richard S Tedder, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofia Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Pleun Terpstra, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Anand Thakur, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, David Thomson, Emma C Thomson, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Duong Bich Thuy, Ryan S Thwaites, Andrea Ticinesi, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Noémie Tissot, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Antoni Torres, Margarida Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Michael Towers, Tony Trapani, Théo Treoux, Huynh Trung Trieu, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C W Turtle, Anders Tveita, Pawel Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, P G Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Timothy M Uyeki, Cristinava Vajdovics, Luís Val-Flores, Piero Valentini, Ana Luiza Valle, Amélie Valran, Ilaria Valzano, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld Van der Feltz, Job van der Palen, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Marlice van Dyk, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Carolien van Netten, Gitte Van Twillert, Ilonka van Veen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Pooja Varghese, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, James Vickers, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Joy Ann Villanueva, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Gayatri Vishwanathan, Benoit Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Manivanh Vongsouvath, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steve Webb, Jia Wei, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, T Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Suzette Willems, Virginie Williams, Evert-Jan Wils, Calvin Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Xin Ci Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Natalie Wright, Gan Ee Xian, Lim Saio Xian, Kuan Pei Xuan, Ioannis Xynogalas, Sophie Yacoub, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie Yerkovich, Touxiong Yiaye, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Saptadi Yuliarto, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Konrad Zawadka, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, Alexander Zoufaly, David Zucman, Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele, Critical care, Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Emergency medicine (CAPE), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Garcia-Gallo E., Merson L., Kennon K., Kelly S., Citarella B. W. , Fryer D. V. , Shrapnel S., Lee J., Duque S., Fuentes Y. V. , et al., and Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
Subjects: Eğitim, Social Sciences and Humanities, Information Security and Reliability, Social Sciences (SOC), Sosyal Bilimler ve Beşeri Bilimler, Epidemiology, EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH, Temel Bilimler (SCI), BİLGİSAYAR BİLİMİ, BİLGİ SİSTEMLERİ, MATHEMATICS, Sociology, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Prospective Studies, COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS, STATISTICS & PROBABILITY, Matematik, Bilgisayar Bilimi Uygulamaları, Computer Sciences, Bilgi Güvenliği ve Güvenilirliği, EĞİTİM VE EĞİTİM ARAŞTIRMASI, BİLGİ BİLİMİ VE KÜTÜPHANE BİLİMİ, Bilgi sistemi, Computer Science Applications, Kütüphane ve Bilgi Bilimleri, Hospitalization, Natural Sciences (SCI), Physical Sciences, Engineering and Technology, Sosyal Bilimler (SOC), Bilgisayar Bilimi, Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty, Information Systems, Human, Statistics and Probability, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, SOCIAL SCIENCES, GENERAL, Library and Information Sciences, Education, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Library Sciences, INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE, İstatistik ve Olasılık, Sosyal ve Beşeri Bilimler, Bilgisayar Bilimleri, Social Sciences & Humanities, Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG), Sosyoloji, Pandemic, İSTATİSTİK & OLASILIK, Mühendislik, Bilişim ve Teknoloji (ENG), İstatistik, Olasılık ve Belirsizlik, Sosyal Bilimler Genel, COMPUTER SCIENCE, Prospective Studie, Fizik Bilimleri, Viral infection, Mühendislik ve Teknoloji, Kütüphanecilik
Abstract: The International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection Consortium (ISARIC) COVID-19 dataset is one of the largest international databases of prospectively collected clinical data on people hospitalized with COVID-19. This dataset was compiled during the COVID-19 pandemic by a network of hospitals that collect data using the ISARIC-World Health Organization Clinical Characterization Protocol and data tools. The database includes data from more than 705,000 patients, collected in more than 60 countries and 1,500 centres worldwide. Patient data are available from acute hospital admissions with COVID-19 and outpatient follow-ups. The data include signs and symptoms, pre-existing comorbidities, vital signs, chronic and acute treatments, complications, dates of hospitalization and discharge, mortality, viral strains, vaccination status, and other data. Here, we present the dataset characteristics, explain its architecture and how to gain access, and provide tools to facilitate its use., This work is part of the Grand Challenges ICODA pilot initiative, delivered by Health Data Research UK and funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the Minderoo Foundation. The philanthropic support of the donors to the University of Oxford’s COVID-19 Research Response Fund; UK Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office and Wellcome [215091/Z/18/Z and 220757/Z/20/Z]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135]; the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; award CO-CIN-01); the Medical Research Council (MRC; grant MC_PC_19059); the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE)(award 200907); NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (award 200927); Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (grant C18616/A25153); NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (award IS-BRC-1215-20013); NIHR Clinical Research Network (infrastructure support); CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity OV2170359 and was coordinated out of Sunnybrook Research Institute; the endorsement of the Irish Critical Care- Clinical Trials Group, co-ordinated in Ireland by the Irish Critical Care- Clinical Trials Network at University College Dublin and funded by the Health Research Board of Ireland [CTN-2014-12]; Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research (RECOVER) [H2020 project 101003589]; European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (ECRAID) [965313]; COVID clinical management team, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India; Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; the dedication and hard work of the Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team; the Groote Schuur nursing and University of Cape Town registrar bodies coordinated by the Division of Critical Care at the University of Cape Town; Wellcome Trust fellowship [205228/Z/16/Z]; the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine; the University of Oxford; the dedication and hard work of the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study team; the Research Council of Norway grant no 312780; a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner; Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking under Grant Agreement No. 115523 COMBACTE, resources of which are composed of financial contribution from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) and EFPIA companies, in-kind contribution; preparedness work conducted by the Short Period Incidence Study of Severe Acute Respiratory Infection; Stiftungsfonds zur Förderung der Bekämpfung der Tuberkulose und anderer Lungenkrankheiten of the City of Vienna, Project Number: APCOV22BGM; Italian Ministry of Health “Fondi Ricerca corrente–L1P6” to IRCCS Ospedale Sacro Cuore–Don Calabria; Australian Department of Health grant (3273191); Gender Equity Strategic Fund at University of Queensland; Artificial Intelligence for Pandemics (A14PAN) at University of Queensland; the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems (EQUS, CE170100009); the Prince Charles Hospital Foundation, Australia; UK Medical Research Council Clinical Research Training Fellowship MR/V001671/1; Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia, Spain; Brazil, National Council for Scientific and Technological Development Scholarship number 303953/2018-7; Firland Foundation, Shoreline, Washington, USA; the French COVID cohort (NCT04262921) is sponsored by INSERM and is funding by the REACTing (REsearch & ACtion emergING infectious diseases) consortium and by a grant of the French Ministry of Health (PHRC n°20-0424).
Published: 2022
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8. Knowledge, attitude and practice of schoolteachers towards students with epilepsy in Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia

Author: Rehana Basri, Mubarak Alruwaili, Raed Alruwaili, Kholoud Alrashed, Afaf Alshammari, Samar Alshammari, Gharam Alruwaili, Hajar Alruwail, and Faisal Alrashed
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Cross-Sectional Studies, Epilepsy, Seizures, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rehabilitation, Saudi Arabia, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Female, Child, Students
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is a common disorder in which brain activity becomes abnormal that causes recurrent seizures or periods of jerky movement of the whole body. Immediately after a seizure, people are often transiently confused, weak and unable to communicate. OBJECTIVE: This study assesses the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of school teachers towards an epileptic child. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted among primary and secondary school teachers from different schools in Sakaka, Domat Al-Jandal, Al-Qurayyat, Tabarjal Northern region of Aljouf, Saudi Arabia. They were assessed on their KAP toward students with epilepsy using a self-administrated questionnaire. RESULTS: 306 respondents participated and completed the questionnaire. The practice was poor among the teachers. Practice scores were significantly different among the male and female teachers. Teachers would do the following to the seizing child: 159 (52%) would pull the child’s tongue out (p-value 0.012), 66 (21.6%) would put a spoon in the mouth (p-value 0.055), 43 (14.1%) would remove any tight clothes (p-value 0.009) and 244 (79.7 %) would take the child to the hospital (p-value 0.029). There were significant differences among senior teachers and those with longer years of teaching experience: 83.6% of teachers with > 20 years of teaching experience think that the student with epilepsy has no need of a special classroom (P = 0.053), 89.6% of those with > 20 years of teaching experience said that they did not move the child during seizure in comparison with less years of teaching experience (p = 0.048), in which 97% of those with experience > 20 years said that they would ensure normal breathing (p = 0.015). CONCLUSION: The majority of Aljouf schoolteachers were adequately knowledgeable about students with epilepsy, but they need more information about the correct way of practice towards the student with epilepsy.
Published: 2022
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9. Role of anticoagulation in lowering the mortality in hospitalized covid-19 patients

Author: Muhammad, Aamir Waheed, Khalid, Rashid, Tawfik, Rajab, Ahmad, Rajab, Adnan H, Adnan, Harris, Fayyaz, Ahmad A, Ibad, Rabia, Basri, Yahya, Khan, Habib I, Alhabib, and Abdelnaser, Elzouki
Subjects: SARS-CoV-2, Thromboembolism, Anticoagulants, Humans, Venous Thromboembolism, General Medicine, Blood Coagulation, COVID-19 Drug Treatment
Abstract: To reducing the risk of venous thromboembolic (VTE) events and subsequent mortality in covid-19 patients is still a matter of research. This systematic review and meta-analysis serve the purpose of comparing the mortality associated with the intensity of anticoagulation in patients admitted with covid-19.A total of 7120 patients were recruited in 11 studies comparing using prophylactic anticoagulants against therapeutic anticoagulants.Our study showed that using prophylactic anticoagulants was associated with a 42% reduction in mortality compared to therapeutic anticoagulants (OR 0.58 (95% CI:0.676-0.499),Our meta-analysis favors using prophylactic anticoagulation in covid-19 patients reduces all-cause mortality in comparison to therapeutic anticoagulation however the impact on mortality when compared with no anticoagulation was not significant.PROSPERO Number: CRD42021257320.
Published: 2022
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10. IRF6 rs2235371 as a risk factor for non-syndromic cleft palate only among the Deutero-Malay race in Indonesia and its effect on the IRF6 mRNA expression level

Author: Saskia Nasroen, Ani Maskoen, Hardisiswo Soedjana, Dany Hilmanto, and Basri A. Gani
Subjects: Cleft Palate, Indonesia, Risk Factors, Cleft Lip, Interferon Regulatory Factors, Malaysia, Humans, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, RNA, Messenger, General Medicine, General Dentistry
Abstract: During the early embryological development of the face, complex orofacial failure results in a non-syndromic cleft lip and palate (NS CLP). The interferon regulatory factor 6 gene (IRF6) rs2235371 is a non-synonymous polymorphism that is one of the strong candidate genes associated with NS CLP.The purpose of this study was to determine IRF6 rs2235371 as a risk factor for NS CLP and its phenotypes, including complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (CUCLP), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP), cleft lip only (CL), and cleft palate only (CP), as well as to examine the effect of the polymorphism on the IRF6 mRNA expression levels among the Deutero-Malay race in Indonesia.This study used a case-control design and enrolled 264 samples, including 158 NS CLP cases (42 NS CUCLP, 34 NS BCLP, 33 NS CL, and 49 NS CP) and 106 control subjects. DNA was extracted from venous blood, and then subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. The odds ratio (OR) was used to determine the risk factor for NS CLP and its phenotypes. The Livak, KruskalWallis and Mann-Whitney U tests were used to determine mRNA expression levels in the oral epithelium, followed by real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR).Among all of the NS CLP cases, in the NS CP phenotype, OR for the A mutant allele and the GA genotype was 2,492 (p = 0.017) and 2,114 (p = 0.048), respectively. The IRF6 mRNA expression level of the GA genotype was higher in the NS CP subjects as compared to the GG genotype (p = 0.031).The IRF6 rs2235371 polymorphism is associated with the NS CP phenotype in DeuteroMalay patients from Indonesia and it affects the IRF6 mRNA expression level.
Published: 2022
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11. PATIENT AND STAFF DOSES FOR VARIOUS INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY AND CARDIOLOGY EXAMINATIONS IN TURKEY

Author: Onur, Erdem, Musa, Ay, Asena, Yalcin, Sadık, Bilgic, Umman, Sanlıdilek, Basri, Amasyalı, Tanzer, Sancak, and Turan, Olgar
Subjects: Radiation, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Cardiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, General Medicine, Radiology, Interventional, Coronary Angiography, Radiation Dosage, Radiography, Interventional
Abstract: This study aims to determine the radiation doses of patients and staff during different interventional radiology and cardiology examinations. Dose measurements for interventional radiology examinations were performed in Ibn-i Sina Hospital of Ankara University using Siemens Artis-Zee medical imaging system. Patient dose measurement was carried out for interventional cardiology examinations in Cardiology Department of TOBB-ETU University, Medical Faculty Hospital using Philips Allura Centron interventional X-ray system. Patient doses were obtained in terms of kerma area product (KAP) and cumulative air kerma (CAK) from KAP meter attached to the angiography system. Performance tests of the angiography system were performed before patient dose measurements. Staff dose measurements were carried out with thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD-100) placed in certain areas on the staff. Patient dose measurements were performed for 15 different interventional radiology examinations on a total of 431 patients and for four different cardiology examinations on a total of 299 patients. Monte Carlo based PCXMC 2.0 program was used to calculate patient effective doses. Lower extremity arteriography was the most common examination with a mean KAP value of 30 Gy cm2 and mean effective dose value of 1.2 mSv for total number of 194 patients. Mean KAP values calculated for coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention, electrophysiological procedures and radiofrequency cardiac ablation examinations were 62.8, 162.8, 16.7 and 70.6 Gy cm2, respectively. Radiologist, nurse and technician effective dose normalised to the unit KAP of patient dose were 0.15, 0.11 and 0.14 μSv Gy−1 cm−2. Similarly, cardiologist, nurse and technician effective dose normalised to the unit KAP of patient dose were 0.22, 0.15 and 0.09 μSv Gy−1 cm−2. Measured KAP and CAK values vary depending on the type and complexity of the examination. The measured staff doses during cardiac examinations were higher when compared with that measured for interventional radiology as expected.
Published: 2022
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12. Value drivers of development stage biopharma companies

Author: Daniel Tobias Michaeli, Hasan Basri Yagmur, Timur Achmadeev, and Thomas Michaeli
Subjects: Biological Products, Health Policy, Economics, Econometrics and Finance (miscellaneous), Costs and Cost Analysis, Humans
Abstract: Objective Scholars previously estimated research and development (R&D) costs of the internal drug development process. However, little is known about the costs and value arising from externally acquired therapeutics. This study identifies and estimates the magnitude of factors associated with Biopharma acquisition value. Methods SDC Thomson Reuter and S&P Capital IQ were screened for majority acquisitions of US and EU Biopharma companies developing new molecular entities for prescription use (SIC code: 2834) from 2005 to 2020. Financial acquisition data were complemented with variables characterizing the target’s product portfolio extracted from clinicaltrials.gov, Drugs@FDA database, US SEC filings, and transaction announcements. A multivariate regression assesses the association of firm value with extracted variables. Results 311 acquisitions of companies developing prescription drugs were identified over the study period. Acquirers paid 37% (p p p = 0.223). Acquisition value positively correlated with the total number of further products, headquarter location in the US, underlying market conditions, and acquirer market capitalization (p Conclusions Internal and external drug development consumes many financial and human resources, yet it is important for entrepreneurs, regulators, and payers to understand their precise magnitude and value drivers. This information permits the design of targeted pricing and industrial policies that incentivize the development of novel drugs in areas with high unmet needs.
Published: 2022
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13. The value of open-source clinical science in pandemic response

Author: Ali Abbas, Sheryl Ann Abdukahil, Nurul Najmee Abdulkadir, Ryuzo Abe, Laurent Abel, Lara Absil, Subhash Acharya, Andrew Acker, Shingo Adachi, Elisabeth Adam, Diana Adrião, Saleh Al Ageel, Shakeel Ahmed, Quratul Ain, Kate Ainscough, Tharwat Aisa, Ali Ait Hssain, Younes Ait Tamlihat, Takako Akimoto, Ernita Akmal, Eman Al Qasim, Razi Alalqam, Tanvir Alam, Tala Al-dabbous, Senthilkumar Alegesan, Cynthia Alegre, Marta Alessi, Beatrice Alex, Kévin Alexandre, Abdulrahman Al-Fares, Huda Alfoudri, Imran Ali, Naseem Ali Shah, Kazali Enagnon Alidjnou, Jeffrey Aliudin, Qabas Alkhafajee, Clotilde Allavena, Nathalie Allou, Aneela Altaf, João Alves, João Melo Alves, Rita Alves, Maria Amaral, Nur Amira, Heidi Ammerlaan, Phoebe Ampaw, Roberto Andini, Claire Andrejak, Andrea Angheben, François Angoulvant, Séverine Ansart, Sivanesen Anthonidass, Massimo Antonelli, Carlos Alexandre Antunes de Brito, Kazi Rubayet Anwar, Ardiyan Apriyana, Yaseen Arabi, Irene Aragao, Rajeshwari Arali, Francisco Arancibia, Carolline Araujo, Antonio Arcadipane, Patrick Archambault, Lukas Arenz, Jean-Benoît Arlet, Christel Arnold-Day, Ana Aroca, Lovkesh Arora, Rakesh Arora, Elise Artaud-Macari, Diptesh Aryal, Motohiro Asaki, Angel Asensio, Elizabeth Ashley, Muhammad Ashraf, Sheharyar Ashraf, Mohammad Asim, Jean Baptiste Assie, Amirul Asyraf, Anika Atique, AM Udara Lakshan Attanyake, Johann Auchabie, Hugues Aumaitre, Adrien Auvet, Laurène Azemar, Cecile Azoulay, Benjamin Bach, Delphine Bachelet, Claudine Badr, Nadia Baig, J. Kenneth Baillie, J Kevin Baird, Erica Bak, Agamemnon Bakakos, Nazreen Abu Bakar, Andriy Bal, Mohanaprasanth Balakrishnan, Valeria Balan, Firouzé Bani-Sadr, Renata Barbalho, Nicholas Yuri Barbosa, Wendy S. Barclay, Saef Umar Barnett, Michaela Barnikel, Helena Barrasa, Audrey Barrelet, Cleide Barrigoto, Marie Bartoli, Cheryl Bartone, Joaquín Baruch, Mustehan Bashir, Romain Basmaci, Muhammad Fadhli Hassin Basri, Diego Bastos, Denise Battaglini, Jules Bauer, Diego Fernando Bautista Rincon, Denisse Bazan Dow, Alexandra Bedossa, Ker Hong Bee, Sylvie Behilill, Albertus Beishuizen, Aleksandr Beljantsev, David Bellemare, Anna Beltrame, Beatriz Amorim Beltrão, Marine Beluze, Nicolas Benech, Lionel Eric Benjiman, Dehbia Benkerrou, Suzanne Bennett, Luís Bento, Jan-Erik Berdal, Delphine Bergeaud, Hazel Bergin, José Luis Bernal Sobrino, Giulia Bertoli, Lorenzo Bertolino, Simon Bessis, Adam Betz, Sybille Bevilcaqua, Karine Bezulier, Amar Bhatt, Krishna Bhavsar, Isabella Bianchi, Claudia Bianco, Farah Nadiah Bidin, Moirangthem Bikram Singh, Felwa Bin Humaid, Mohd Nazlin Bin Kamarudin, François Bissuel, Patrick Biston, Laurent Bitker, Pablo Blanco-Schweizer, Catherine Blier, Frank Bloos, Mathieu Blot, Lucille Blumberg, Filomena Boccia, Laetitia Bodenes, Alice Bogaarts, Debby Bogaert, Anne-Hélène Boivin, Pierre-Adrien Bolze, François Bompart, Aurelius Bonfasius, Diogo Borges, Raphaël Borie, Hans Martin Bosse, Elisabeth Botelho-Nevers, Lila Bouadma, Olivier Bouchaud, Sabelline Bouchez, Dounia Bouhmani, Damien Bouhour, Kévin Bouiller, Laurence Bouillet, Camile Bouisse, Anne-Sophie Boureau, John Bourke, Maude Bouscambert, Aurore Bousquet, Jason Bouziotis, Bianca Boxma, Marielle Boyer-Besseyre, Maria Boylan, Fernando Augusto Bozza, Matthew Brack, Axelle Braconnier, Cynthia Braga, Timo Brandenburger, Filipa Brás Monteiro, Luca Brazzi, Dorothy Breen, Patrick Breen, Stephen Brett, Kathy Brickell, Tessa Broadley, Alex Browne, Shaunagh Browne, Nicolas Brozzi, Marjolein Brusse-Keizer, Nina Buchtele, Christian Buesaquillo, Polina Bugaeva, Marielle Buisson, Erlina Burhan, Aidan Burrell, Ingrid G. Bustos, Denis Butnaru, André Cabie, Susana Cabral, Eder Caceres, Cyril Cadoz, Mia Callahan, Kate Calligy, Jose Andres Calvache, João Cam, Valentine Campana, Paul Campbell, Josie Campisi, Cecilia Canepa, Mireia Cantero, Pauline Caraux-Paz, Sheila Cárcel, Chiara Simona Cardellino, Filipa Cardoso, Filipe Cardoso, Nelson Cardoso, Sofia Cardoso, Simone Carelli, Nicolas Carlier, Thierry Carmoi, Gayle Carney, Chloe Carpenter, Inês Carqueja, Marie-Christine Carret, François Martin Carrier, Ida Carroll, Gail Carson, Ed Carton, Maire-Laure Casanova, Mariana Cascão, Siobhan Casey, José Casimiro, Bailey Cassandra, Silvia Castañeda, Nidyanara Castanheira, Guylaine Castor-Alexandre, Henry Castrillón, Ivo Castro, Ana Catarino, François-Xavier Catherine, Paolo Cattaneo, Roberta Cavalin, Giulio Giovanni Cavalli, Alexandros Cavayas, Adrian Ceccato, Minerva Cervantes-Gonzalez, Anissa Chair, Catherine Chakveatze, Adrienne Chan, Meera Chand, Christelle Chantalat Auger, Jean-Marc Chapplain, Julie Chas, Mobin Chaudary, Jonathan Samuel Chávez Iñiguez, Anjellica Chen, Yih-Sharng Chen, Matthew Pellan Cheng, Antoine Cheret, Thibault Chiarabini, Julian Chica, Suresh Kumar Chidambaram, Leong Chin-Tho, Catherine Chirouze, Davide Chiumello, Hwa Jin Cho, Sung-Min Cho, Bernard Cholley, Marie-Charlotte Chopin, Ting Soo Chow, Yock Ping Chow, Hiu Jian Chua, Jonathan Chua, Jose Pedro Cidade, José Miguel Cisneros Herreros, Barbara Wanjiru Citarella, Anna Ciullo, Emma Clarke, Jennifer Clarke, Rolando Claure Del Granado, Sara Clohisey, J. Perren Cobb, Necsoi Coca, Cassidy Codan, Caitriona Cody, Alexandra Coelho, Megan Coles, Gwenhaël Colin, Michael Collins, Sebastiano Maria Colombo, Pamela Combs, Jennifer Connolly, Marie Connor, Anne Conrad, Sofía Contreras, Elaine Conway, Graham S. Cooke, Mary Copland, Hugues Cordel, Amanda Corley, Sarah Cormican, Sabine Cornelis, Alexander Daniel Cornet, Arianne Joy Corpuz, Andrea Cortegiani, Grégory Corvaisier, Emma Costigan, Camille Couffignal, Sandrine Couffin-Cadiergues, Roxane Courtois, Stéphanie Cousse, Rachel Cregan, Charles Crepy D'Orleans, Sabine Croonen, Gloria Crowl, Jonathan Crump, Claudina Cruz, Juan Luis Cruz Berm, Jaime Cruz Rojo, Marc Csete, Alberto Cucino, Ailbhe Cullen, Caroline Cullen, Matthew Cummings, Gerard Curley, Elodie Curlier, Colleen Curran, Paula Custodio, Ana da Silva Filipe, Charlene Da Silveira, Al-Awwab Dabaliz, Andrew Dagens, Darren Dahly, Heidi Dalton, Jo Dalton, Seamus Daly, Federico D'Amico, Nick Daneman, Corinne Daniel, Emmanuelle A Dankwa, Jorge Dantas, Frédérick D’Aragon, Mark de Boer, Gillian de Loughry, Diego de Mendoza, Etienne De Montmollin, Rafael Freitas de Oliveira França, Ana Isabel de Pinho Oliveira, Rosanna De Rosa, Thushan de Silva, Peter de Vries, Jillian Deacon, David Dean, Alexa Debard, Bianca DeBenedictis, Marie-Pierre Debray, Nathalie DeCastro, William Dechert, Lauren Deconninck, Romain Decours, Eve Defous, Isabelle Delacroix, Eric Delaveuve, Karen Delavigne, Nathalie M. Delfos, Ionna Deligiannis, Andrea Dell'Amore, Christelle Delmas, Pierre Delobel, Corine Delsing, Elisa Demonchy, Emmanuelle Denis, Dominique Deplanque, Pieter Depuydt, Mehul Desai, Diane Descamps, Mathilde Desvallée, Santi Dewayanti, Alpha Diallo, Sylvain Diamantis, André Dias, Priscila Diaz, Rodrigo Diaz, Juan Jose Diaz Diaz, Kévin Didier, Jean-Luc Diehl, Wim Dieperink, Jérôme Dimet, Vincent Dinot, Fara Diop, Alphonsine Diouf, Yael Dishon, Devika Dixit, Félix Djossou, Annemarie B. Docherty, Helen Doherty, Arjen M Dondorp, Andy Dong, Christl A. Donnelly, Maria Donnelly, Chloe Donohue, Sean Donohue, Yoann Donohue, Ciara Doran, Peter Doran, Céline Dorival, Eric D'Ortenzio, James Joshua Douglas, Renee Douma, Nathalie Dournon, Triona Downer, Joanne Downey, Mark Downing, Tom Drake, Aoife Driscoll, Murray Dryden, Claudio Duarte Fonseca, Vincent Dubee, François Dubos, Alexandre Ducancelle, Toni Duculan, Susanne Dudman, Abhijit Duggal, Paul Dunand, Jake Dunning, Mathilde Duplaix, Emanuele Durante-Mangoni, Lucian Durham III, Bertrand Dussol, Juliette Duthoit, Xavier Duval, Anne Margarita Dyrhol-Riise, Sim Choon Ean, Marco Echeverria-Villalobos, Siobhan Egan, Carla Eira, Mohammed El Sanharawi, Subbarao Elapavaluru, Brigitte Elharrar, Jacobien Ellerbroek, Philippine Eloy, Tarek Elshazly, Iqbal Elyazar, Isabelle Enderle, Tomoyuki Endo, Chan Chee Eng, Ilka Engelmann, Vincent Enouf, Olivier Epaulard, Martina Escher, Mariano Esperatti, Hélène Esperou, Marina Esposito-Farese, João Estevão, Manuel Etienne, Nadia Ettalhaoui, Anna Greti Everding, Mirjam Evers, Isabelle Fabre, Marc Fabre, Amna Faheem, Arabella Fahy, Cameron J. Fairfield, Zul Fakar, Pedro Faria, Ahmed Farooq, Jeremy J. Farrar, Nataly Farshait, Hanan Fateena, Arie Zainul Fatoni, Karine Faure, Raphaël Favory, Mohamed Fayed, Niamh Feely, Laura Feeney, Jorge Fernandes, Marília Fernandes, Susana Fernandes, François-Xavier Ferrand, Eglantine Ferrand Devouge, Joana Ferrão, Mário Ferraz, Benigno Ferreira, Sílvia Ferreira, Ricard Ferrer-Roca, Nicolas Ferriere, Céline Ficko, Claudia Figueiredo-Mello, Juan Fiorda, Thomas Flament, Clara Flateau, Tom Fletcher, Letizia Lucia Florio, Brigid Flynn, Deirdre Flynn, Claire Foley, Jean Foley, Victor Fomin, Tatiana Fonseca, Patricia Fontela, Simon Forsyth, Denise Foster, Giuseppe Foti, Erwan Fourn, Robert A. Fowler, Dr Marianne Fraher, Diego Franch-Llasat, Christophe Fraser, John F. Fraser, Marcela Vieira Freire, Ana Freitas Ribeiro, Caren Friedrich, Ricardo Fritz, Stéphanie Fry, Nora Fuentes, Masahiro Fukuda, Valérie Gaborieau, Rostane Gaci, Massimo Gagliardi, Jean-Charles Gagnard, Nathalie Gagné, Amandine Gagneux-Brunon, Sérgio Gaião, Linda Gail Skeie, Phil Gallagher, Elena Gallego Curto, Carrol Gamble, Yasmin Gani, Arthur Garan, Rebekha Garcia, Noelia García Barrio, Julia Garcia-Diaz, Esteban Garcia-Gallo, Navya Garimella, Denis Garot, Valérie Garrait, Basanta Gauli, Nathalie Gault, Aisling Gavin, Anatoliy Gavrylov, Alexandre Gaymard, Johannes Gebauer, Eva Geraud, Louis Gerbaud Morlaes, Nuno Germano, praveen kumar ghisulal, Jade Ghosn, Marco Giani, Carlo Giaquinto, Jess Gibson, Tristan Gigante, Morgane Gilg, Elaine Gilroy, Guillermo Giordano, Michelle Girvan, Valérie Gissot, Judy Gitahi, Gezy Giwangkancana, Daniel Glikman, Petr Glybochko, Eric Gnall, Geraldine Goco, François Goehringer, Siri Goepel, Jean-Christophe Goffard, Jin Yi Goh, Jonathan Golob, Rui Gomes, Kyle Gomez, Joan Gómez-Junyent, Marie Gominet, Alicia Gonzalez, Patricia Gordon, Anthony Gordon, Isabelle Gorenne, Laure Goubert, Cécile Goujard, Tiphaine Goulenok, Margarite Grable, Jeronimo Graf, Edward Wilson Grandin, Pascal Granier, Giacomo Grasselli, Lorenzo Grazioli, Christopher A. Green, Courtney Greene, William Greenhalf, Segolène Greffe, Domenico Luca Grieco, Matthew Griffee, Fiona Griffiths, Ioana Grigoras, Albert Groenendijk, Anja Grosse Lordemann, Heidi Gruner, Yusing Gu, Fabio Guarracino, Jérémie Guedj, Martin Guego, Dewi Guellec, Anne-Marie Guerguerian, Daniela Guerreiro, Romain Guery, Anne Guillaumot, Laurent Guilleminault, Maisa Guimarães de Castro, Thomas Guimard, Marieke Haalboom, Daniel Haber, Hannah Habraken, Ali Hachemi, Nadir Hadri, Olena Haidash, Saeeda Haider, Fakhir Haidri, Sheeba Hakak, Adam Hall, Matthew Hall, Sophie Halpin, Ansley Hamer, Raph Hamers, Rebecca Hamidfar, Terese Hammond, Lim Yuen Han, Rashan Haniffa, Kok Wei Hao, Hayley Hardwick, Ewen M. Harrison, Janet Harrison, Samuel Bernard Ekow Harrison, Alan Hartman, Junaid Hashmi, Madiha Hashmi, Muhammad Hayat, Ailbhe Hayes, Leanne Hays, Jan Heerman, Lars Heggelund, Ross Hendry, Martina Hennessy, Aquiles Henriquez, Maxime Hentzien, Fivzia Herekar, Jaime Hernandez-Montfort, Daniel Herr, Andrew Hershey, Liv Hesstvedt, Astarini Hidayah, Dawn Higgins, Eibhilin Higgins, Grainne HigginsOKeeffe, Rita Hinchion, Samuel Hinton, Hiroaki Hiraiwa, Hikombo Hitoto, Antonia Ho, Yi Bin Ho, Alexandre Hoctin, Isabelle Hoffmann, Wei Han Hoh, Oscar Hoiting, Rebecca Holt, Jan Cato Holter, Peter Horby, Juan Pablo Horcajada, Koji Hoshino, Kota Hoshino, Ikram Houas, Catherine L. Hough, Stuart Houltham, Jimmy Ming-Yang Hsu, Jean-Sébastien Hulot, Iqbal Hussain, Samreen Ijaz, Hajnal-Gabriela Illes, Patrick Imbert, Mohammad Imran, Rana Imran Sikander, Hugo Inácio, Carmen Infante Dominguez, Yun Sii Ing, Elias Iosifidis, Mariachiara Ippolito, Sarah Isgett, Palliya Guruge Pramodya Ishani Ishani, Tiago Isidoro, Nadiah Ismail, Margaux Isnard, Junji Itai, Asami Ito, Daniel Ivulich, Danielle Jaafar, Salma Jaafoura, Julien Jabot, Clare Jackson, Nina Jamieson, Pierre Jaquet, Waasila Jassat, Coline Jaud-Fischer, Stéphane Jaureguiberry, Jeffrey Javidfar, Issrah Jawad, Denise Jaworsky, Devachandran Jayakumar, Florence Jego, Anilawati Mat Jelani, Synne Jenum, Ruth Jimbo-Sotomayor, van der Palen Job, Ong Yiaw Joe, Ruth N. Jorge García, Cédric Joseph, Mark Joseph, Swosti Joshi, Mercé Jourdain, Philippe Jouvet, Jennifer June, Anna Jung, Hanna Jung, Dafsah Juzar, Ouifiya Kafif, Florentia Kaguelidou, Neerusha Kaisbain, Thavamany Kaleesvran, Sabina Kali, Alina Kalicinska, Smaragdi Kalomoiri, Saima Kamal, Muhammad Aisar Ayadi Kamaluddin, Zul Amali Che Kamaruddin, Nadiah Kamarudin, Darshana Hewa Kandamby, Chris Kandel, Kong Yeow Kang, Ravi Kant, Darakhshan Kanwal, Dyah Kanyawati, Bipin Karki, Pratap Karpayah, Todd Karsies, Christiana Kartsonaki, Daisuke Kasugai, Anant Kataria, Kevin Katz, Aasmine Kaur, Simreen Kaur Johal, Tatsuya Kawasaki, Christy Kay, Hannah Keane, Seán Keating, Paul Kellam, Andrea Kelly, Aoife Kelly, Claire Kelly, Niamh Kelly, Sadie Kelly, Yvelynne Kelly, Maeve Kelsey, Ryan Kennedy, Kalynn Kennon, Maeve Kernan, Younes Kerroumi, Sharma Keshav, Evelyne Kestelyn, Imrana Khalid, Osama Khalid, Antoine Khalil, Coralie Khan, Irfan Khan, Sushil Khanal, Michelle E Kho, Denisa Khoo, Ryan Khoo, Saye Khoo, Nasir Khoso, Khor How Kiat, Yuri Kida, Peter Kiiza, Anders Benjamin Kildal, Jae Burm Kim, Antoine Kimmoun, Detlef Kindgen-Milles, Alexander King, Nobuya Kitamura, Paul Klenerman, Rob Klont, Gry Kloumann Bekken, Stephen Knight, Robin Kobbe, Chamira Kodippily, Malte Kohns Vasconcelos, Sabin Koirala, Mamoru Komatsu, Volkan Korten, Caroline Kosgei, Arsène Kpangon, Karolina Krawczyk, Sudhir Krishnan, Vinothini Krishnan, Oksana Kruglova, Ashok Kumar, Deepali Kumar, Ganesh Kumar, Mukesh Kumar, Pavan Kumar Vecham, Dinesh Kuriakose, Ethan Kurtzman, Neurinda Permata Kusumastuti, Demetrios Kutsogiannis, Galyna Kutsyna, Konstantinos Kyriakoulis, Marie Lachatre, Marie Lacoste, John G. Laffey, Marie Lagrange, Fabrice Laine, Olivier Lairez, Sanjay Lakhey, Antonio Lalueza, Marc Lambert, François Lamontagne, Marie Langelot-Richard, Vincent Langlois, Eka Yudha Lantang, Marina Lanza, Cédric Laouénan, Samira Laribi, Delphine Lariviere, Stéphane Lasry, Naveed Latif, Odile Launay, Didier Laureillard, Yoan Lavie-Badie, Andy Law, Cassie Lawrence, Teresa Lawrence, Minh Le, Clément Le Bihan, Cyril Le Bris, Georges Le Falher, Lucie Le Fevre, Quentin Le Hingrat, Marion Le Maréchal, Soizic Le Mestre, Gwenaël Le Moal, Vincent Le Moing, Hervé Le Nagard, Paul Le Turnier, Ema Leal, Marta Leal Santos, Biing Horng Lee, Heng Gee Lee, James Lee, Su Hwan Lee, Todd C. Lee, Yi Lin Lee, Gary Leeming, Bénédicte Lefebvre, Laurent Lefebvre, Benjamin Lefevre, Sylvie LeGac, Jean-Daniel Lelievre, François Lellouche, Adrien Lemaignen, Véronique Lemee, Anthony Lemeur, Gretchen Lemmink, Ha Sha Lene, Jenny Lennon, Rafael León, Marc Leone, Michela Leone, Quentin Lepiller, François-Xavier Lescure, Olivier Lesens, Mathieu Lesouhaitier, Amy Lester-Grant, Bruno Levy, Yves Levy, Claire Levy-Marchal, Katarzyna Lewandowska, Erwan L'Her, Gianluigi Li Bassi, Janet Liang, Ali Liaquat, Geoffrey Liegeon, Kah Chuan Lim, Wei Shen Lim, Chantre Lima, Bruno Lina, Lim Lina, Andreas Lind, Guillaume Lingas, Sylvie Lion-Daolio, Samantha Lissauer, Keibun Liu, Marine Livrozet, Patricia Lizotte, Antonio Loforte, Navy Lolong, Leong Chee Loon, Diogo Lopes, Dalia Lopez-Colon, Anthony L. Loschner, Paul Loubet, Bouchra Loufti, Guillame Louis, Silvia Lourenco, Lara Lovelace-Macon, Lee Lee Low, Marije Lowik, Jia Shyi Loy, Jean Christophe Lucet, Carlos Lumbreras Bermejo, Carlos M. Luna, Olguta Lungu, Liem Luong, Nestor Luque, Dominique Luton, Nilar Lwin, Ruth Lyons, Olavi Maasikas, Oryane Mabiala, Samual MacDonald, Sarah MacDonald, Moïse Machado, Gabriel Macheda, Juan Macias Sanchez, Jai Madhok, Guillermo Maestro de la Calle, Rafael Mahieu, Sophie Mahy, Ana Raquel Maia, Lars S. Maier, Mylène Maillet, Thomas Maitre, Maximilian Malfertheiner, Nadia Malik, Paddy Mallon, Fernando Maltez, Denis Malvy, Victoria Manda, Jose M. Mandei, Laurent Mandelbrot, Frank Manetta, Kishore Mangal, Julie Mankikian, Edmund Manning, Aldric Manuel, Ceila Maria Sant`Ana Malaque, Daniel Marino, Flávio Marino, Samuel Markowicz, Charbel Maroun Eid, Ana Marques, Catherine Marquis, Brian Marsh, Laura Marsh, Megan Marshal, John Marshall, Celina Turchi Martelli, Dori-Ann Martin, Emily Martin, Guillaume Martin-Blondel, Alessandra Martinelli, Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Martin Martinot, Alejandro Martin-Quiros, Ana Martins, João Martins, Nuno Martins, Caroline Martins Rego, Gennaro Martucci, Olga Martynenko, Eva Miranda Marwali, Marsilla Marzukie, Juan Fernado Masa Jimenez, David Maslove, Phillip Mason, Sabina Mason, Sobia Masood, Basri Mat Nor, Moshe Matan, Henrique Mateus Fernandes, Meghena Mathew, Daniel Mathieu, Mathieu Mattei, Romans Matulevics, Laurence Maulin, Michael Maxwell, Javier Maynar, Thierry Mazzoni, Lisa Mc Sweeney, Lorraine McAndrew, Colin McArthur, Aine McCarthy, Anne McCarthy, Colin McCloskey, Rachael McConnochie, Sherry McDermott, Sarah E. McDonald, Aine McElroy, Samuel McElwee, Victoria McEneany, Natalie McEvoy, Allison McGeer, Chris McKay, Johnny McKeown, Kenneth A. McLean, Paul McNally, Bairbre McNicholas, Elaine McPartlan, Edel Meaney, Cécile Mear-Passard, Maggie Mechlin, Maqsood Meher, Omar Mehkri, Ferruccio Mele, Luis Melo, Kashif Memon, Joao Joao Mendes, Ogechukwu Menkiti, Kusum Menon, France Mentré, Alexander J. Mentzer, Emmanuelle Mercier, Noémie Mercier, Antoine Merckx, Mayka Mergeay-Fabre, Blake Mergler, Laura Merson, António Mesquita, Osama Metwally, Agnès Meybeck, Dan Meyer, Alison M. Meynert, Vanina Meysonnier, Amina Meziane, Mehdi Mezidi, Giuliano Michelagnoli, Céline Michelanglei, Isabelle Michelet, Efstathia Mihelis, Vladislav Mihnovit, Hugo Miranda-Maldonado, Nor Arisah Misnan, Nik Nur Eliza Mohamed, Tahira Jamal Mohamed, Asma Moin, David Molina, Elena Molinos, Brenda Molloy, Mary Mone, Agostinho Monteiro, Claudia Montes, Giorgia Montrucchio, Sarah Moore, Shona C. Moore, Lina Morales Cely, Lucia Moro, Diego Rolando Morocho Tutillo, Ben Morton, Catherine Motherway, Ana Motos, Hugo Mouquet, Clara Mouton Perrot, Julien Moyet, Caroline Mudara, Aisha Kalsoom Mufti, Ng Yong Muh, Dzawani Muhamad, Jimmy Mullaert, Fredrik Muller, Karl Erik Müller, Daniel Munblit, Syed Muneeb, Nadeem Munir, Laveena Munshi, Aisling Murphy, Lorna Murphy, Marlène Murris, Srinivas Murthy, Himed Musaab, Gugapriyaa Muyandy, Dimitra Melia Myrodia, Namra N, Dave Nagpal, Alex Nagrebetsky, Mangala Narasimhan, Nageswaran Narayanan, Rashid Nasim Khan, Alasdair Nazerali-Maitland, Nadège Neant, Holger Neb, Nikita A Nekliudov, Erni Nelwan, Raul Neto, Emily Neumann, Bernardo Neves, Pauline Yeung Ng, Anthony Nghi, Duc Nguyen, Orna Ni Choileain, Niamh Ni Leathlobhair, Alistair Nichol, Prompak Nitayavardhana, Stephanie Nonas, Nurul Amani Mohd Noordin, Marion Noret, Nurul Faten Izzati Norharizam, Lisa Norman, Alessandra Notari, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Karolina Nowicka, Adam Nowinski, Saad Nseir, Jose I Nunez, Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih, Elsa Nyamankolly, Fionnuala O Brien, Annmarie O'Callaghan, Giovanna Occhipinti, Derbrenn OConnor, Max O'Donnell, Tawnya Ogston, Takayuki Ogura, Tak-Hyuk Oh, Sophie O'Halloran, Katie O'Hearn, Shinichiro Ohshimo, Agnieszka Oldakowska, João Oliveira, Larissa Oliveira, Piero L. Olliaro, Conar O'Neil, David S.Y. Ong, Jee Yan Ong, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Anne Opavsky, Peter Openshaw, Saijad Orakzai, Claudia Milena Orozco-Chamorro, Andrés Orquera, Jamel Ortoleva, Javier Osatnik, Linda O'Shea, Miriam O'Sullivan, Siti Zubaidah Othman, Nadia Ouamara, Rachida Ouissa, Clark Owyang, Eric Oziol, H M Upulee Pabasara, Maïder Pagadoy, Justine Pages, Amanda Palacios, Mario Palacios, Massimo Palmarini, Giovanna Panarello, Prasan Kumar Panda, Hem Paneru, Lai Hui Pang, Mauro Panigada, Nathalie Pansu, Aurélie Papadopoulos, Rachael Parke, Melissa Parker, Briseida Parra, Vieri Parrini, Taha Pasha, Jérémie Pasquier, Bruno Pastene, Fabian Patauner, Junaid Patel, Mohan Dass Pathmanathan, Luís Patrão, Patricia Patricio, Juliette Patrier, Lisa Patterson, Rajyabardhan Pattnaik, Christelle Paul, Mical Paul, Jorge Paulos, William A. Paxton, Jean-François Payen, Kalaiarasu Peariasamy, Miguel Pedrera Jiménez, Giles J. Peek, Florent Peelman, Nathan Peiffer-Smadja, Vincent Peigne, Mare Pejkovska, Paolo Pelosi, Ithan D. Peltan, Rui Pereira, Daniel Perez, Luis Periel, Thomas Perpoint, Antonio Pesenti, Vincent Pestre, Lenka Petrou, Ventzislava Petrov-Sanchez, Frank Olav Pettersen, Gilles Peytavin, Scott Pharand, Michael Piagnerelli, Walter Picard, Olivier Picone, Maria de Piero, Carola Pierobon, Djura Piersma, Carlos Pimentel, Raquel Pinto, Catarina Pires, Isabelle Pironneau, Lionel Piroth, Riinu Pius, Simone Piva, Laurent Plantier, Daniel Plotkin, Hon Shen Png, Julien Poissy, Ryadh Pokeerbux, Maria Pokorska-Spiewak, Sergio Poli, Georgios Pollakis, Diane Ponscarme, Jolanta Popielska, Andra-Maris Post, Douwe F. Postma, Pedro Povoa, Diana Póvoas, Jeff Powis, Sofia Prapa, Sébastien Preau, Christian Prebensen, Jean-Charles Preiser, Anton Prinssen, Mark G. Pritchard, Gamage Dona Dilanthi Priyadarshani, Lucia Proença, Sravya Pudota, Oriane Puéchal, Bambang Pujo Semedi, Mathew Pulicken, Matteo Puntoni, Gregory Purcell, Luisa Quesada, Vilmaris Quinones-Cardona, Víctor Quirós González, Else Quist-Paulsen, Mohammed Quraishi, Maia Rabaa, Christian Rabaud, Ebenezer Rabindrarajan, Aldo Rafael, Marie Rafiq, Gabrielle Ragazzo, Ahmad Kashfi Haji Ab Rahman, Rozanah Abd Rahman, Arsalan Rahutullah, Fernando Rainieri, Giri Shan Rajahram, Nipunie Rajapakse, Azrina Ralib, Nagarajan Ramakrishnan, Kollengode Ramanathan, Ahmad Afiq Ramli, Blandine Rammaert, Grazielle Viana Ramos, Asim Rana, Rajavardhan Rangappa, Ritika Ranjan, Christophe Rapp, Aasiyah Rashan, Thalha Rashan, Ghulam Rasheed, Menaldi Rasmin, Indrek Rätsep, Cornelius Rau, Tharmini Ravi, Ali Raza, Andre Real, Stanislas Rebaudet, Sarah Redl, Brenda Reeve, Ali Rehan, Attaur Rehman, Liadain Reid, Dag Henrik Reikvam, Renato Reis, Jordi Rello, Jonathan Remppis, Martine Remy, Hongru Ren, Hanna Renk, Liliana Resende, Anne-Sophie Resseguier, Matthieu Revest, Oleksa Rewa, Luis Felipe Reyes, Tiago Reyes, Maria Ines Ribeiro, David Richardson, Denise Richardson, Laurent Richier, Siti Nurul Atikah Ahmad Ridzuan, Jordi Riera, Ana L Rios, Asgar Rishu, Patrick Rispal, Karine Risso, Maria Angelica Rivera Nuñez, Nicholas Rizer, Doug Robb, Chiara Robba, André Roberto, Stephanie Roberts, David L. Robertson, Olivier Robineau, Ferran Roche-Campo, Paola Rodari, Simão Rodeia, Julia Rodriguez Abreu, Bernhard Roessler, Claire Roger, Pierre-Marie Roger, Emmanuel Roilides, Amanda Rojek, Juliette Romaru, Roberto Roncon-Albuquerque Jr, Mélanie Roriz, Manuel Rosa-Calatrava, Michael Rose, Dorothea Rosenberger, Andrea Rossanese, Matteo Rossetti, Bénédicte Rossignol, Patrick Rossignol, Stella Rousset, Carine Roy, Benoît Roze, Desy Rusmawatiningtyas, Clark D. Russell, Maeve Ryan, Maria Ryan, Steffi Ryckaert, Aleksander Rygh Holten, Isabela Saba, Sairah Sadaf, Musharaf Sadat, Valla Sahraei, Maximilien Saint-Gilles, Pranya Sakiyalak, Nawal Salahuddin, Leonardo Salazar, Jodat Saleem, Gabriele Sales, Stéphane Sallaberry, Charlotte Salmon Gandonniere, Hélène Salvator, Olivier Sanchez, Xavier Sánchez Choez, Kizy Sanchez de Oliveira, Angel Sanchez-Miralles, Vanessa Sancho-Shimizu, Gyan Sandhu, Zulfiqar Sandhu, Pierre-François Sandrine, Oana Sandulescu, Marlene Santos, Shirley Sarfo-Mensah, Bruno Sarmento Banheiro, Iam Claire E. Sarmiento, Benjamine Sarton, Sree Satyapriya, Rumaisah Satyawati, Egle Saviciute, Raymond Savio, Parthena Savvidou, Yen Tsen Saw, Justin Schaffer, Tjard Schermer, Arnaud Scherpereel, Marion Schneider, Stephan Schroll, Michael Schwameis, Gary Schwartz, Janet T. Scott, James Scott-Brown, Nicholas Sedillot, Tamara Seitz, Jaganathan Selvanayagam, Mageswari Selvarajoo, Caroline Semaille, Malcolm G. Semple, Rasidah Bt Senian, Eric Senneville, Claudia Sepulveda, Filipa Sequeira, Tânia Sequeira, Ary Serpa Neto, Pablo Serrano Balazote, Ellen Shadowitz, Syamin Asyraf Shahidan, Mohd Shahnaz Hasan, Mohammad Shamsah, Anuraj Shankar, Shaikh Sharjeel, Pratima Sharma, Catherine A. Shaw, Victoria Shaw, Haixia Shi, Nisreen Shiban, Mohiuddin Shiekh, Takuya Shiga, Nobuaki Shime, Hiroaki Shimizu, Keiki Shimizu, Naoki Shimizu, Nahoko Shindo, Sally Shrapnel, Hoi Ping Shum, Nassima Si Mohammed, Ng Yong Siang, Jeanne Sibiude, Atif Siddiqui, Louise Sigfrid, Piret Sillaots, Catarina Silva, Maria Joao Silva, Rogério Silva, Benedict Sim Lim Heng, Wai Ching Sin, Budha Charan Singh, Punam Singh, Pompini Agustina Sitompul, Karisha Sivam, Vegard Skogen, Sue Smith, Benjamin Smood, Coilin Smyth, Michelle Smyth, Morgane Snacken, Dominic So, Tze Vee Soh, Monserrat Solis, Joshua Solomon, Tom Solomon, Emily Somers, Agnès Sommet, Myung Jin Song, Rima Song, Tae Song, Jack Song Chia, Michael Sonntagbauer, Azlan Mat Soom, Alberto Sotto, Edouard Soum, Ana Chora Sousa, Marta Sousa, Maria Sousa Uva, Vicente Souza-Dantas, Alexandra Sperry, Elisabetta Spinuzza, B. P. Sanka Ruwan Sri Darshana, Shiranee Sriskandan, Sarah Stabler, Thomas Staudinger, Stephanie-Susanne Stecher, Trude Steinsvik, Ymkje Stienstra, Birgitte Stiksrud, Eva Stolz, Amy Stone, Adrian Streinu-Cercel, Anca Streinu-Cercel, Samantha Strudwick, Ami Stuart, David Stuart, Decy Subekti, Gabriel Suen, Jacky Y. Suen, Prasanth Sukumar, Asfia Sultana, Charlotte Summers, Dubravka Supic, Deepashankari Suppiah, Magdalena Surovcová, Suwarti Suwarti, Andrey A Svistunov, Sarah Syahrin, Konstantinos Syrigos, Jaques Sztajnbok, Konstanty Szuldrzynski, Shirin Tabrizi, Fabio S. Taccone, Lysa Tagherset, Shahdattul Mawarni Taib, Ewa Talarek, Sara Taleb, Jelmer Talsma, Maria Lawrensia Tampubolon, Kim Keat Tan, Le Van Tan, Yan Chyi Tan, Clarice Tanaka, Hiroyuki Tanaka, Taku Tanaka, Hayato Taniguchi, Hussain Tanveer, Huda Taqdees, Arshad Taqi, Coralie Tardivon, Pierre Tattevin, M Azhari Taufik, Hassan Tawfik, Richard S. Tedder, Tze Yuan Tee, João Teixeira, Sofia Tejada, Marie-Capucine Tellier, Sze Kye Teoh, Vanessa Teotonio, François Téoulé, Pleun Terpstra, Olivier Terrier, Nicolas Terzi, Hubert Tessier-Grenier, Adrian Tey, Alif Adlan Mohd Thabit, Zhang Duan Tham, Suvintheran Thangavelu, Vincent Thibault, Simon-Djamel Thiberville, Benoît Thill, Jananee Thirumanickam, Shaun Thompson, David Thomson, Emma C. Thomson, Surain Raaj Thanga Thurai, Duong Bich Thuy, Ryan S. Thwaites, Paul Tierney, Vadim Tieroshyn, Peter S Timashev, Jean-François Timsit, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Noémie Tissot, Jordan Zhien Yang Toh, Maria Toki, Timo Tolppa, Kristian Tonby, Sia Loong Tonnii, Antoni Torres, Margarida Torres, Rosario Maria Torres Santos-Olmo, Hernando Torres-Zevallos, Michael Towers, Tony Trapani, Damien Traynor, Théo Treoux, Huynh Trung Trieu, Swagata Tripathy, Cécile Tromeur, Ioannis Trontzas, Tiffany Trouillon, Jeanne Truong, Christelle Tual, Sarah Tubiana, Helen Tuite, Jean-Marie Turmel, Lance C.W. Turtle, Anders Tveita, Pawel Twardowski, Makoto Uchiyama, PG Ishara Udayanga, Andrew Udy, Roman Ullrich, Zubair Umer, Alberto Uribe, Asad Usman, Cristinava Vajdovics, Luís Val-Flores, Ana Luiza Valle, Amélie Valran, Stijn Van de Velde, Marcel van den Berge, Machteld van der Feltz, Paul van der Valk, Nicky Van Der Vekens, Peter Van der Voort, Sylvie Van Der Werf, Marlice van Dyk, Laura van Gulik, Jarne Van Hattem, Steven van Lelyveld, Carolien van Netten, Gitte Van Twillert, Ilonka van Veen, Noémie Vanel, Henk Vanoverschelde, Pooja Varghese, Michael Varrone, Shoban Raj Vasudayan, Charline Vauchy, Helen Vaughan, Shaminee Veeran, Aurélie Veislinger, Sebastian Vencken, Sara Ventura, Annelies Verbon, José Ernesto Vidal, César Vieira, Deepak Vijayan, Joy Ann Villanueva, Judit Villar, Pierre-Marc Villeneuve, Andrea Villoldo, Nguyen Van Vinh Chau, Benoit Visseaux, Hannah Visser, Chiara Vitiello, Harald Vonkeman, Fanny Vuotto, Noor Hidayu Wahab, Suhaila Abdul Wahab, Nadirah Abdul Wahid, Marina Wainstein, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd Shukeri, Chih-Hsien Wang, Steven Anthony Webb, Jia Wei, Katharina Weil, Tan Pei Wen, Sanne Wesselius, T. Eoin West, Murray Wham, Bryan Whelan, Nicole White, Paul Henri Wicky, Aurélie Wiedemann, Surya Otto Wijaya, Keith Wille, Suzette Willems, Virginie Williams, Evert-Jan Wils, Ng Wing Yiu, Calvin Wong, Teck Fung Wong, Xin Ci Wong, Yew Sing Wong, Gan Ee Xian, Lim Saio Xian, Kuan Pei Xuan, Ioannis Xynogalas, Sophie Yacoub, Siti Rohani Binti Mohd Yakop, Masaki Yamazaki, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Nicholas Yee Liang Hing, Cécile Yelnik, Chian Hui Yeoh, Stephanie Yerkovich, Toshiki Yokoyama, Hodane Yonis, Obada Yousif, Saptadi Yuliarto, Akram Zaaqoq, Marion Zabbe, Kai Zacharowski, Masliza Zahid, Maram Zahran, Nor Zaila Binti Zaidan, Maria Zambon, Miguel Zambrano, Alberto Zanella, Konrad Zawadka, Nurul Zaynah, Hiba Zayyad, Alexander Zoufaly, David Zucman, ESTACA'Lab ( ESTACA'Lab ), École Supérieure des Techniques Aéronautiques et de Construction Automobile (ESTACA), Laboratoire d’Ingénierie Circulation Transport et Éco-gestion des systèmes énergétiques pour les transports (LICIT-Eco7), École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Université Gustave Eiffel, St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller University [New York], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Wichita State University, Indo-French Center for Groundwater Research (IFCGR), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM)-National Geophysical Research Institute [Hyderabad] (NGRI), National Geophysical Research Institute [Hyderabad] (NGRI), Department of Zoology [Rawalpindi, Pakistan], Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University = PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi (AAUR), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Abbas A., Abdukahil S.A., Abdulkadir N.N., Abe R., Abel L., Absil L., Acharya S., Acker A., Adachi S., Adam E., Adriao D., Ageel S.A., Ahmed S., Ain Q., Ainscough K., Aisa T., Ait Hssain A., Ait Tamlihat Y., Akimoto T., Akmal E., Al Qasim E., Alalqam R., Alam T., Al-dabbous T., Alegesan S., Alegre C., Alessi M., Alex B., Alexandre K., Al-Fares A., Alfoudri H., Ali I., Ali Shah N., Alidjnou K.E., Aliudin J., Alkhafajee Q., Allavena C., Allou N., Altaf A., Alves J., Alves J.M., Alves R., Amaral M., Amira N., Ammerlaan H., Ampaw P., Andini R., Andrejak C., Angheben A., Angoulvant F., Ansart S., Anthonidass S., Antonelli M., Antunes de Brito C.A., Anwar K.R., Apriyana A., Arabi Y., Aragao I., Arali R., Arancibia F., Araujo C., Arcadipane A., Archambault P., Arenz L., Arlet J.-B., Arnold-Day C., Aroca A., Arora L., Arora R., Artaud-Macari E., Aryal D., Asaki M., Asensio A., Ashley E., Ashraf M., Ashraf S., Asim M., Assie J.B., Asyraf A., Atique A., Attanyake A.U.L., Auchabie J., Aumaitre H., Auvet A., Azemar L., Azoulay C., Bach B., Bachelet D., Badr C., Baig N., Baillie J.K., Baird J.K., Bak E., Bakakos A., Bakar N.A., Bal A., Balakrishnan M., Balan V., Bani-Sadr F., Barbalho R., Barbosa N.Y., Barclay W.S., Barnett S.U., Barnikel M., Barrasa H., Barrelet A., Barrigoto C., Bartoli M., Bartone C., Baruch J., Bashir M., Basmaci R., Basri M.F.H., Bastos D., Battaglini D., Bauer J., Bautista Rincon D.F., Bazan Dow D., Bedossa A., Bee K.H., Behilill S., Beishuizen A., Beljantsev A., Bellemare D., Beltrame A., Beltrao B.A., Beluze M., Benech N., Benjiman L.E., Benkerrou D., Bennett S., Bento L., Berdal J.-E., Bergeaud D., Bergin H., Bernal Sobrino J.L., Bertoli G., Bertolino L., Bessis S., Betz A., Bevilcaqua S., Bezulier K., Bhatt A., Bhavsar K., Bianchi I., Bianco C., Bidin F.N., Bikram Singh M., Bin Humaid F., Bin Kamarudin M.N., Bissuel F., Biston P., Bitker L., Blanco-Schweizer P., Blier C., Bloos F., Blot M., Blumberg L., Boccia F., Bodenes L., Bogaarts A., Bogaert D., Boivin A.-H., Bolze P.-A., Bompart F., Bonfasius A., Borges D., Borie R., Bosse H.M., Botelho-Nevers E., Bouadma L., Bouchaud O., Bouchez S., Bouhmani D., Bouhour D., Bouiller K., Bouillet L., Bouisse C., Boureau A.-S., Bourke J., Bouscambert M., Bousquet A., Bouziotis J., Boxma B., Boyer-Besseyre M., Boylan M., Bozza F.A., Brack M., Braconnier A., Braga C., Brandenburger T., Bras Monteiro F., Brazzi L., Breen D., Breen P., Brett S., Brickell K., Broadley T., Browne A., Browne S., Brozzi N., Brusse-Keizer M., Buchtele N., Buesaquillo C., Bugaeva P., Buisson M., Burhan E., Burrell A., Bustos I.G., Butnaru D., Cabie A., Cabral S., Caceres E., Cadoz C., Callahan M., Calligy K., Calvache J.A., Cam J., Campana V., Campbell P., Campisi J., Canepa C., Cantero M., Caraux-Paz P., Carcel S., Cardellino C.S., Cardoso F., Cardoso N., Cardoso S., Carelli S., Carlier N., Carmoi T., Carney G., Carpenter C., Carqueja I., Carret M.-C., Carrier F.M., Carroll I., Carson G., Carton E., Casanova M.-L., Cascao M., Casey S., Casimiro J., Cassandra B., Castaneda S., Castanheira N., Castor-Alexandre G., Castrillon H., Castro I., Catarino A., Catherine F.-X., Cattaneo P., Cavalin R., Cavalli G.G., Cavayas A., Ceccato A., Cervantes-Gonzalez M., Chair A., Chakveatze C., Chan A., Chand M., Chantalat Auger C., Chapplain J.-M., Chas J., Chaudary M., Chavez Iniguez J.S., Chen A., Chen Y.-S., Cheng M.P., Cheret A., Chiarabini T., Chica J., Chidambaram S.K., Chin-Tho L., Chirouze C., Chiumello D., Cho H.J., Cho S.-M., Cholley B., Chopin M.-C., Chow T.S., Chow Y.P., Chua H.J., Chua J., Cidade J.P., Cisneros Herreros J.M., Citarella B.W., Ciullo A., Clarke E., Clarke J., Claure Del Granado R., Clohisey S., Cobb J.P., Coca N., Codan C., Cody C., Coelho A., Coles M., Colin G., Collins M., Colombo S.M., Combs P., Connolly J., Connor M., Conrad A., Contreras S., Conway E., Cooke G.S., Copland M., Cordel H., Corley A., Cormican S., Cornelis S., Cornet A.D., Corpuz A.J., Cortegiani A., Corvaisier G., Costigan E., Couffignal C., Couffin-Cadiergues S., Courtois R., Cousse S., Cregan R., Crepy D'Orleans C., Croonen S., Crowl G., Crump J., Cruz C., Cruz Berm J.L., Cruz Rojo J., Csete M., Cucino A., Cullen A., Cullen C., Cummings M., Curley G., Curlier E., Curran C., Custodio P., da Silva Filipe A., Da Silveira C., Dabaliz A.-A., Dagens A., Dahly D., Dalton H., Dalton J., Daly S., D'Amico F., Daneman N., Daniel C., Dankwa E.A., Dantas J., D'Aragon F., de Boer M., de Loughry G., de Mendoza D., De Montmollin E., de Oliveira Franca R.F., de Pinho Oliveira A.I., De Rosa R., de Silva T., de Vries P., Deacon J., Dean D., Debard A., DeBenedictis B., Debray M.-P., DeCastro N., Dechert W., Deconninck L., Decours R., Defous E., Delacroix I., Delaveuve E., Delavigne K., Delfos N.M., Deligiannis I., Dell'Amore A., Delmas C., Delobel P., Delsing C., Demonchy E., Denis E., Deplanque D., Depuydt P., Desai M., Descamps D., Desvallee M., Dewayanti S., Diallo A., Diamantis S., Dias A., Diaz P., Diaz R., Diaz Diaz J.J., Didier K., Diehl J.-L., Dieperink W., Dimet J., Dinot V., Diop F., Diouf A., Dishon Y., Dixit D., Djossou F., Docherty A.B., Doherty H., Dondorp A.M., Dong A., Donnelly C.A., Donnelly M., Donohue C., Donohue S., Donohue Y., Doran C., Doran P., Dorival C., D'Ortenzio E., Douglas J.J., Douma R., Dournon N., Downer T., Downey J., Downing M., Drake T., Driscoll A., Dryden M., Duarte Fonseca C., Dubee V., Dubos F., Ducancelle A., Duculan T., Dudman S., Duggal A., Dunand P., Dunning J., Duplaix M., Durante-Mangoni E., Durham III L., Dussol B., Duthoit J., Duval X., Dyrhol-Riise A.M., Ean S.C., Echeverria-Villalobos M., Egan S., Eira C., El Sanharawi M., Elapavaluru S., Elharrar B., Ellerbroek J., Eloy P., Elshazly T., Elyazar I., Enderle I., Endo T., Eng C.C., Engelmann I., Enouf V., Epaulard O., Escher M., Esperatti M., Esperou H., Esposito-Farese M., Estevao J., Etienne M., Ettalhaoui N., Everding A.G., Evers M., Fabre I., Fabre M., Faheem A., Fahy A., Fairfield C.J., Fakar Z., Faria P., Farooq A., Farrar J.J., Farshait N., Fateena H., Fatoni A.Z., Faure K., Favory R., Fayed M., Feely N., Feeney L., Fernandes J., Fernandes M., Fernandes S., Ferrand F.-X., Ferrand Devouge E., Ferrao J., Ferraz M., Ferreira B., Ferreira S., Ferrer-Roca R., Ferriere N., Ficko C., Figueiredo-Mello C., Fiorda J., Flament T., Flateau C., Fletcher T., Florio L.L., Flynn B., Flynn D., Foley C., Foley J., Fomin V., Fonseca T., Fontela P., Forsyth S., Foster D., Foti G., Fourn E., Fowler R.A., Fraher D.M., Franch-Llasat D., Fraser C., Fraser J.F., Freire M.V., Freitas Ribeiro A., Friedrich C., Fritz R., Fry S., Fuentes N., Fukuda M., Gaborieau V., Gaci R., Gagliardi M., Gagnard J.-C., Gagne N., Gagneux-Brunon A., Gaiao S., Gail Skeie L., Gallagher P., Gallego Curto E., Gamble C., Gani Y., Garan A., Garcia R., Garcia Barrio N., Garcia-Diaz J., Garcia-Gallo E., Garimella N., Garot D., Garrait V., Gauli B., Gault N., Gavin A., Gavrylov A., Gaymard A., Gebauer J., Geraud E., Gerbaud Morlaes L., Germano N., ghisulal P.K., Ghosn J., Giani M., Giaquinto C., Gibson J., Gigante T., Gilg M., Gilroy E., Giordano G., Girvan M., Gissot V., Gitahi J., Giwangkancana G., Glikman D., Glybochko P., Gnall E., Goco G., Goehringer F., Goepel S., Goffard J.-C., Goh J.Y., Golob J., Gomes R., Gomez K., Gomez-Junyent J., Gominet M., Gonzalez A., Gordon P., Gordon A., Gorenne I., Goubert L., Goujard C., Goulenok T., Grable M., Graf J., Grandin E.W., Granier P., Grasselli G., Grazioli L., Green C.A., Greene C., Greenhalf W., Greffe S., Grieco D.L., Griffee M., Griffiths F., Grigoras I., Groenendijk A., Grosse Lordemann A., Gruner H., Gu Y., Guarracino F., Guedj J., Guego M., Guellec D., Guerguerian A.-M., Guerreiro D., Guery R., Guillaumot A., Guilleminault L., Guimaraes de Castro M., Guimard T., Haalboom M., Haber D., Habraken H., Hachemi A., Hadri N., Haidash O., Haider S., Haidri F., Hakak S., Hall A., Hall M., Halpin S., Hamer A., Hamers R., Hamidfar R., Hammond T., Han L.Y., Haniffa R., Hao K.W., Hardwick H., Harrison E.M., Harrison J., Harrison S.B.E., Hartman A., Hashmi J., Hashmi M., Hayat M., Hayes A., Hays L., Heerman J., Heggelund L., Hendry R., Hennessy M., Henriquez A., Hentzien M., Herekar F., Hernandez-Montfort J., Herr D., Hershey A., Hesstvedt L., Hidayah A., Higgins D., Higgins E., HigginsOKeeffe G., Hinchion R., Hinton S., Hiraiwa H., Hitoto H., Ho A., Ho Y.B., Hoctin A., Hoffmann I., Hoh W.H., Hoiting O., Holt R., Holter J.C., Horby P., Horcajada J.P., Hoshino K., Houas I., Hough C.L., Houltham S., Hsu J.M.-Y., Hulot J.-S., Hussain I., Ijaz S., Illes H.-G., Imbert P., Imran M., Imran Sikander R., Inacio H., Infante Dominguez C., Ing Y.S., Iosifidis E., Ippolito M., Isgett S., Ishani P.G.P.I., Isidoro T., Ismail N., Isnard M., Itai J., Ito A., Ivulich D., Jaafar D., Jaafoura S., Jabot J., Jackson C., Jamieson N., Jaquet P., Jassat W., Jaud-Fischer C., Jaureguiberry S., Javidfar J., Jawad I., Jaworsky D., Jayakumar D., Jego F., Jelani A.M., Jenum S., Jimbo-Sotomayor R., Job V.D.P., Joe O.Y., Jorge Garcia R.N., Joseph C., Joseph M., Joshi S., Jourdain M., Jouvet P., June J., Jung A., Jung H., Juzar D., Kafif O., Kaguelidou F., Kaisbain N., Kaleesvran T., Kali S., Kalicinska A., Kalomoiri S., Kamal S., Kamaluddin M.A.A., Kamaruddin Z.A.C., Kamarudin N., Kandamby D.H., Kandel C., Kang K.Y., Kant R., Kanwal D., Kanyawati D., Karki B., Karpayah P., Karsies T., Kartsonaki C., Kasugai D., Kataria A., Katz K., Kaur A., Kaur Johal S., Kawasaki T., Kay C., Keane H., Keating S., Kellam P., Kelly A., Kelly C., Kelly N., Kelly S., Kelly Y., Kelsey M., Kennedy R., Kennon K., Kernan M., Kerroumi Y., Keshav S., Kestelyn E., Khalid I., Khalid O., Khalil A., Khan C., Khan I., Khanal S., Kho M.E., Khoo D., Khoo R., Khoo S., Khoso N., Kiat K.H., Kida Y., Kiiza P., Kildal A.B., Kim J.B., Kimmoun A., Kindgen-Milles D., King A., Kitamura N., Klenerman P., Klont R., Kloumann Bekken G., Knight S., Kobbe R., Kodippily C., Kohns Vasconcelos M., Koirala S., Komatsu M., Korten V., Kosgei C., Kpangon A., Krawczyk K., Krishnan S., Krishnan V., Kruglova O., Kumar A., Kumar D., Kumar G., Kumar M., Kumar Vecham P., Kuriakose D., Kurtzman E., Kusumastuti N.P., Kutsogiannis D., Kutsyna G., Kyriakoulis K., Lachatre M., Lacoste M., Laffey J.G., Lagrange M., Laine F., Lairez O., Lakhey S., Lalueza A., Lambert M., Lamontagne F., Langelot-Richard M., Langlois V., Lantang E.Y., Lanza M., Laouenan C., Laribi S., Lariviere D., Lasry S., Latif N., Launay O., Laureillard D., Lavie-Badie Y., Law A., Lawrence C., Lawrence T., Le M., Le Bihan C., Le Bris C., Le Falher G., Le Fevre L., Le Hingrat Q., Le Marechal M., Le Mestre S., Le Moal G., Le Moing V., Le Nagard H., Le Turnier P., Leal E., Leal Santos M., Lee B.H., Lee H.G., Lee J., Lee S.H., Lee T.C., Lee Y.L., Leeming G., Lefebvre B., Lefebvre L., Lefevre B., LeGac S., Lelievre J.-D., Lellouche F., Lemaignen A., Lemee V., Lemeur A., Lemmink G., Lene H.S., Lennon J., Leon R., Leone M., Lepiller Q., Lescure F.-X., Lesens O., Lesouhaitier M., Lester-Grant A., Levy B., Levy Y., Levy-Marchal C., Lewandowska K., L'Her E., Li Bassi G., Liang J., Liaquat A., Liegeon G., Lim K.C., Lim W.S., Lima C., Lina B., Lina L., Lind A., Lingas G., Lion-Daolio S., Lissauer S., Liu K., Livrozet M., Lizotte P., Loforte A., Lolong N., Loon L.C., Lopes D., Lopez-Colon D., Loschner A.L., Loubet P., Loufti B., Louis G., Lourenco S., Lovelace-Macon L., Low L.L., Lowik M., Loy J.S., Lucet J.C., Lumbreras Bermejo C., Luna C.M., Lungu O., Luong L., Luque N., Luton D., Lwin N., Lyons R., Maasikas O., Mabiala O., MacDonald S., Machado M., Macheda G., Macias Sanchez J., Madhok J., Maestro de la Calle G., Mahieu R., Mahy S., Maia A.R., Maier L.S., Maillet M., Maitre T., Malfertheiner M., Malik N., Mallon P., Maltez F., Malvy D., Manda V., Mandei J.M., Mandelbrot L., Manetta F., Mangal K., Mankikian J., Manning E., Manuel A., Maria Sant`Ana Malaque C., Marino D., Marino F., Markowicz S., Maroun Eid C., Marques A., Marquis C., Marsh B., Marsh L., Marshal M., Marshall J., Martelli C.T., Martin D.-A., Martin E., Martin-Blondel G., Martinelli A., Martin-Loeches I., Martinot M., Martin-Quiros A., Martins A., Martins J., Martins N., Martins Rego C., Martucci G., Martynenko O., Marwali E.M., Marzukie M., Masa Jimenez J.F., Maslove D., Mason P., Mason S., Masood S., Mat Nor B., Matan M., Mateus Fernandes H., Mathew M., Mathieu D., Mattei M., Matulevics R., Maulin L., Maxwell M., Maynar J., Mazzoni T., Mc Sweeney L., McAndrew L., McArthur C., McCarthy A., McCloskey C., McConnochie R., McDermott S., McDonald S.E., McElroy A., McElwee S., McEneany V., McEvoy N., McGeer A., McKay C., McKeown J., McLean K.A., McNally P., McNicholas B., McPartlan E., Meaney E., Mear-Passard C., Mechlin M., Meher M., Mehkri O., Mele F., Melo L., Memon K., Mendes J.J., Menkiti O., Menon K., Mentre F., Mentzer A.J., Mercier E., Mercier N., Merckx A., Mergeay-Fabre M., Mergler B., Merson L., Mesquita A., Metwally O., Meybeck A., Meyer D., Meynert A.M., Meysonnier V., Meziane A., Mezidi M., Michelagnoli G., Michelanglei C., Michelet I., Mihelis E., Mihnovit V., Miranda-Maldonado H., Misnan N.A., Mohamed N.N.E., Mohamed T.J., Moin A., Molina D., Molinos E., Molloy B., Mone M., Monteiro A., Montes C., Montrucchio G., Moore S., Moore S.C., Morales Cely L., Moro L., Morocho Tutillo D.R., Morton B., Motherway C., Motos A., Mouquet H., Mouton Perrot C., Moyet J., Mudara C., Mufti A.K., Muh N.Y., Muhamad D., Mullaert J., Muller F., Muller K.E., Munblit D., Muneeb S., Munir N., Munshi L., Murphy A., Murphy L., Murris M., Murthy S., Musaab H., Muyandy G., Myrodia D.M., N N., Nagpal D., Nagrebetsky A., Narasimhan M., Narayanan N., Nasim Khan R., Nazerali-Maitland A., Neant N., Neb H., Nekliudov N.A., Nelwan E., Neto R., Neumann E., Neves B., Ng P.Y., Nghi A., Nguyen D., Ni Choileain O., Ni Leathlobhair N., Nichol A., Nitayavardhana P., Nonas S., Noordin N.A.M., Noret M., Norharizam N.F.I., Norman L., Notari A., Noursadeghi M., Nowicka K., Nowinski A., Nseir S., Nunez J.I., Nurnaningsih N., Nyamankolly E., O Brien F., O'Callaghan A., Occhipinti G., OConnor D., O'Donnell M., Ogston T., Ogura T., Oh T.-H., O'Halloran S., O'Hearn K., Ohshimo S., Oldakowska A., Oliveira J., Oliveira L., Olliaro P.L., O'Neil C., Ong D.S.Y., Ong J.Y., Oosthuyzen W., Opavsky A., Openshaw P., Orakzai S., Orozco-Chamorro C.M., Orquera A., Ortoleva J., Osatnik J., O'Shea L., O'Sullivan M., Othman S.Z., Ouamara N., Ouissa R., Owyang C., Oziol E., Pabasara H.M.U., Pagadoy M., Pages J., Palacios A., Palacios M., Palmarini M., Panarello G., Panda P.K., Paneru H., Pang L.H., Panigada M., Pansu N., Papadopoulos A., Parke R., Parker M., Parra B., Parrini V., Pasha T., Pasquier J., Pastene B., Patauner F., Patel J., Pathmanathan M.D., Patrao L., Patricio P., Patrier J., Patterson L., Pattnaik R., Paul C., Paul M., Paulos J., Paxton W.A., Payen J.-F., Peariasamy K., Pedrera Jimenez M., Peek G.J., Peelman F., Peiffer-Smadja N., Peigne V., Pejkovska M., Pelosi P., Peltan I.D., Pereira R., Perez D., Periel L., Perpoint T., Pesenti A., Pestre V., Petrou L., Petrov-Sanchez V., Pettersen F.O., Peytavin G., Pharand S., Piagnerelli M., Picard W., Picone O., de Piero M., Pierobon C., Piersma D., Pimentel C., Pinto R., Pires C., Pironneau I., Piroth L., Pius R., Piva S., Plantier L., Plotkin D., Png H.S., Poissy J., Pokeerbux R., Pokorska-Spiewak M., Poli S., Pollakis G., Ponscarme D., Popielska J., Post A.-M., Postma D.F., Povoa P., Povoas D., Powis J., Prapa S., Preau S., Prebensen C., Preiser J.-C., Prinssen A., Pritchard M.G., Priyadarshani G.D.D., Proenca L., Pudota S., Puechal O., Pujo Semedi B., Pulicken M., Puntoni M., Purcell G., Quesada L., Quinones-Cardona V., Quiros Gonzalez V., Quist-Paulsen E., Quraishi M., Rabaa M., Rabaud C., Rabindrarajan E., Rafael A., Rafiq M., Ragazzo G., Rahman A.K.H.A., Rahman R.A., Rahutullah A., Rainieri F., Rajahram G.S., Rajapakse N., Ralib A., Ramakrishnan N., Ramanathan K., Ramli A.A., Rammaert B., Ramos G.V., Rana A., Rangappa R., Ranjan R., Rapp C., Rashan A., Rashan T., Rasheed G., Rasmin M., Ratsep I., Rau C., Ravi T., Raza A., Real A., Rebaudet S., Redl S., Reeve B., Rehan A., Rehman A., Reid L., Reikvam D.H., Reis R., Rello J., Remppis J., Remy M., Ren H., Renk H., Resende L., Resseguier A.-S., Revest M., Rewa O., Reyes L.F., Reyes T., Ribeiro M.I., Richardson D., Richier L., Ridzuan S.N.A.A., Riera J., Rios A.L., Rishu A., Rispal P., Risso K., Rivera Nunez M.A., Rizer N., Robb D., Robba C., Roberto A., Roberts S., Robertson D.L., Robineau O., Roche-Campo F., Rodari P., Rodeia S., Rodriguez Abreu J., Roessler B., Roger C., Roger P.-M., Roilides E., Rojek A., Romaru J., Roncon-Albuquerque Jr R., Roriz M., Rosa-Calatrava M., Rose M., Rosenberger D., Rossanese A., Rossetti M., Rossignol B., Rossignol P., Rousset S., Roy C., Roze B., Rusmawatiningtyas D., Russell C.D., Ryan M., Ryckaert S., Rygh Holten A., Saba I., Sadaf S., Sadat M., Sahraei V., Saint-Gilles M., Sakiyalak P., Salahuddin N., Salazar L., Saleem J., Sales G., Sallaberry S., Salmon Gandonniere C., Salvator H., Sanchez O., Sanchez Choez X., Sanchez de Oliveira K., Sanchez-Miralles A., Sancho-Shimizu V., Sandhu G., Sandhu Z., Sandrine P.-F., Sandulescu O., Santos M., Sarfo-Mensah S., Sarmento Banheiro B., Sarmiento I.C.E., Sarton B., Satyapriya S., Satyawati R., Saviciute E., Savio R., Savvidou P., Saw Y.T., Schaffer J., Schermer T., Scherpereel A., Schneider M., Schroll S., Schwameis M., Schwartz G., Scott J.T., Scott-Brown J., Sedillot N., Seitz T., Selvanayagam J., Selvarajoo M., Semaille C., Semple M.G., Senian R.B., Senneville E., Sepulveda C., Sequeira F., Sequeira T., Serpa Neto A., Serrano Balazote P., Shadowitz E., Shahidan S.A., Shahnaz Hasan M., Shamsah M., Shankar A., Sharjeel S., Sharma P., Shaw C.A., Shaw V., Shi H., Shiban N., Shiekh M., Shiga T., Shime N., Shimizu H., Shimizu K., Shimizu N., Shindo N., Shrapnel S., Shum H.P., Si Mohammed N., Siang N.Y., Sibiude J., Siddiqui A., Sigfrid L., Sillaots P., Silva C., Silva M.J., Silva R., Sim Lim Heng B., Sin W.C., Singh B.C., Singh P., Sitompul P.A., Sivam K., Skogen V., Smith S., Smood B., Smyth C., Smyth M., Snacken M., So D., Soh T.V., Solis M., Solomon J., Solomon T., Somers E., Sommet A., Song M.J., Song R., Song T., Song Chia J., Sonntagbauer M., Soom A.M., Sotto A., Soum E., Sousa A.C., Sousa M., Sousa Uva M., Souza-Dantas V., Sperry A., Spinuzza E., Sri Darshana B.P.S.R., Sriskandan S., Stabler S., Staudinger T., Stecher S.-S., Steinsvik T., Stienstra Y., Stiksrud B., Stolz E., Stone A., Streinu-Cercel A., Strudwick S., Stuart A., Stuart D., Subekti D., Suen G., Suen J.Y., Sukumar P., Sultana A., Summers C., Supic D., Suppiah D., Surovcova M., Suwarti S., Svistunov A.A., Syahrin S., Syrigos K., Sztajnbok J., Szuldrzynski K., Tabrizi S., Taccone F.S., Tagherset L., Taib S.M., Talarek E., Taleb S., Talsma J., Tampubolon M.L., Tan K.K., Tan L.V., Tan Y.C., Tanaka C., Tanaka H., Tanaka T., Taniguchi H., Tanveer H., Taqdees H., Taqi A., Tardivon C., Tattevin P., Taufik M.A., Tawfik H., Tedder R.S., Tee T.Y., Teixeira J., Tejada S., Tellier M.-C., Teoh S.K., Teotonio V., Teoule F., Terpstra P., Terrier O., Terzi N., Tessier-Grenier H., Tey A., Thabit A.A.M., Tham Z.D., Thangavelu S., Thibault V., Thiberville S.-D., Thill B., Thirumanickam J., Thompson S., Thomson D., Thomson E.C., Thurai S.R.T., Thuy D.B., Thwaites R.S., Tierney P., Tieroshyn V., Timashev P.S., Timsit J.-F., Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan B.K., Tissot N., Toh J.Z.Y., Toki M., Tolppa T., Tonby K., Tonnii S.L., Torres A., Torres M., Torres Santos-Olmo R.M., Torres-Zevallos H., Towers M., Trapani T., Traynor D., Treoux T., Trieu H.T., Tripathy S., Tromeur C., Trontzas I., Trouillon T., Truong J., Tual C., Tubiana S., Tuite H., Turmel J.-M., Turtle L.C.W., Tveita A., Twardowski P., Uchiyama M., Udayanga P.I., Udy A., Ullrich R., Umer Z., Uribe A., Usman A., Vajdovics C., Val-Flores L., Valle A.L., Valran A., Van de Velde S., van den Berge M., van der Feltz M., van der Valk P., Van Der Vekens N., Van der Voort P., Van Der Werf S., van Dyk M., van Gulik L., Van Hattem J., van Lelyveld S., van Netten C., Van Twillert G., van Veen I., Vanel N., Vanoverschelde H., Varghese P., Varrone M., Vasudayan S.R., Vauchy C., Vaughan H., Veeran S., Veislinger A., Vencken S., Ventura S., Verbon A., Vidal J.E., Vieira C., Vijayan D., Villanueva J.A., Villar J., Villeneuve P.-M., Villoldo A., Vinh Chau N.V., Visseaux B., Visser H., Vitiello C., Vonkeman H., Vuotto F., Wahab N.H., Wahab S.A., Wahid N.A., Wainstein M., Wan Muhd Shukeri W.F., Wang C.-H., Webb S.A., Wei J., Weil K., Wen T.P., Wesselius S., West T.E., Wham M., Whelan B., White N., Wicky P.H., Wiedemann A., Wijaya S.O., Wille K., Willems S., Williams V., Wils E.-J., Wing Yiu N., Wong C., Wong T.F., Wong X.C., Wong Y.S., Xian G.E., Xian L.S., Xuan K.P., Xynogalas I., Yacoub S., Yakop S.R.B.M., Yamazaki M., Yazdanpanah Y., Yee Liang Hing N., Yelnik C., Yeoh C.H., Yerkovich S., Yokoyama T., Yonis H., Yousif O., Yuliarto S., Zaaqoq A., Zabbe M., Zacharowski K., Zahid M., Zahran M., Zaidan N.Z.B., Zambon M., Zambrano M., Zanella A., Zawadka K., Zaynah N., Zayyad H., Zoufaly A., Zucman D., NIHR, Critical care, Anesthesiology, Peri-operative and Emergency medicine (CAPE), Abbas, A., Abdukahil, S. 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Subjects: Biomedical Research, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Clinical science, Global Health, Corrections, Microbiology, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1108 Medical Microbiology, Pandemic, Economics, Humans, ISARIC Clinical Characterisation Group, Pandemics, COVID-19/epidemiology, Actuarial science, Information Dissemination, SARS-CoV-2, Comment, ISARIC, COVID-19, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Communicable Disease Control/methods, Infectious Diseases, Open source, Communicable Disease Control, Value (mathematics), Human
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021
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14. Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

Author: Maron D. J., Hochman J. S., Reynolds H. R., Bangalore S., O'Brien S. M., Boden W. E., Chaitman B. R., Senior R., Lopez-Sendon J., Alexander K. P., Lopes R. D., Shaw L. J., Berger J. S., Newman J. D., Sidhu M. S., Goodman S. G., Ruzyllo W., Gosselin G., Maggioni A. P., White H. D., Bhargava B., Min J. K., John Mancini G. B., Berman D. S., Picard M. H., Kwong R. Y., Ali Z. A., Mark D. B., Spertus J. A., Krishnan M. N., Elghamaz A., Moorthy N., Hueb W. A., Demkow M., Mavromatis K., Bockeria O., Peteiro J., Miller T. D., Szwed H., Doerr R., Keltai M., Selvanayagam J. B., Gabriel Steg P., Held C., Kohsaka S., Mavromichalis S., Kirby R., Jeffries N. O., Harrell F. E., Rockhold F. W., Broderick S., Bruce Ferguson T., Williams D. O., Harrington R. A., Stone G. W., Rosenberg Y, ISCHEMIA Research Group: Joseph Ricci, A Tello Montoliu, A I Robero Aniorte, Abbey Mulder, Abhay A Laddu, Abhinav Goyal, Abhishek Dubey, Abhishek Goyal, Abigail Knighton, Abraham Oomman, Adam J Jaskowiak, Adam Kolodziej, Adam Witkowski, Adnan Hameed, Adriana Anesini, Afshan Hussain, Agne Juceviciene, Agne Urboniene, Agnes Jakal, Agnieszka Szramowska, Ahmad Khairuddin, Ahmed Abdel-Latif, Ahmed Adel, Ahmed Aljzeeri, Ahmed Kamal, Ahmed Talaat, Aimee Mann, Aira Contreras, Ajit Kumar, V K Kumar, Akemi Furukawa, Akshay Bagai, Akvile Smigelskaite, Alain Furber, Alain Rheault, Alaine Melanie Loehr, Alan Rosen, Albert Varga, Albertina Qelaj, Alberto Barioli, Aldo Russo, Alec Moorman, Alejandro Gisbert, Aleksandra Fratczak, Aleksandras Laucevicius, Alena Kuleshova, Alessandro Sionis, Alexander A Sirker, Alexander M Chernyavskiy, Alexandra Craft, Alexandra Vazquez, Alexandre Ciappina Hueb, Alexandre S Colafranseschi, Alexandre Schaan de Quadros, Alexandre Tognon, Ali Alghamdi, Alice Manica Muller, Aline Nogueira Rabaça, Aline Peixoto Deiro, Alison Hallam, Allegra Stone, Allison Schley, Almudena Castro, Alvaro Rabelo Ales, Amanda Germann, Amanda O'Malley, Amar Uxa, Amarachi Ojajuni, Amarino C Oliveira Jr, Amber B Hull, Ambuj Roy, Amer Zarka, Amir Janmohamed, Ammani Brown, Ammy Malinay, Amparo Martinez Monzonis, Amy J Richards, Amy Iskandrian, Amy Ollinger, Ana D Djordjevic-Dikic, Ana Fernández Martínez, Ana Gomes Almeida, Ana Paula Batista, Ana Rita Francisco, Ana S Mladenovic, Ana Santana, Anam Siddiqui, Anastasia M Kuzmina-Krutetskaya, Andras Vertes, Andre S Sousa, Andre Gabriel, André Schmidt, Andrea M Lundeen, Andrea Bartykowszki, Andrea Lorimer, Andrea Mortara, Andrea Pascual, Andreia Coelho, Andreia Rocha, Andrés García-Rincón, Andrew G Howarth, Andrew J Moriarty, Andrew Docherty, Andrew Starovoytov, Andrew Zurick, Andrzej Łabyk, Andrzej Swiatkowski, Andy Lam, Anelise Kawakami, Angela Hoye, Angela Kim, Angelique Smit, Angelo Nobre, Anil V Shah, Anja 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Gonzalez, Jose Seijas Amigo, Jose Fragata, Josep Maria Padró, Josheph F X McGarvey Jr, Joseph Hannan, Joseph Sacco, Joseph Sweeny, Joseph Wiesel, Josephine D Abraham, Joshua P Loh, Joy Burkhardt, Joyce R White, Joyce Riestenberg-Smith, Judit Sebo, Judith L Meadows, Judith Wright, Judy Mae Foltz, Judy Hung, Judy Otis, Juergen Stumpf, Jui-Peng Tsai, Julia S Dionne, Julia de Aveiro Morata, Julie Bunke, Julie Morrow, Julio César Figal, Jun Fujita, Jun Jiang, Junhua Li, Junqing Yang, Juntima Euathrongchit, Jyotsna Garg, K Manjula Rani, K Preethi, Kaatje Goetschalckx, Kai Eggers, Kamalakar Surineni, Kanae Hirase, T R Kapilamoorthy, Karen Calfas, Karen Gratrix, Karen Hallett, Karen Hultberg, Karen Nugent, Karen Petrosyan, Karen Swan, Karolina Kryczka, Karolina Wojtczak-Soska, Karolina Wojtera, Karsten Lenk, Karthik Ramasamy, Katarzyna Łuczak, Katarzyna Malinowska, Kate Pointon, Kate Robb, Katherine Martin, Kathleen Claes, Kathryn Carruthers, Kathy E Siegel, Katia Drouin, Katie Fowler-Lehman, Kavita Rawat, Kay Rowe, Keiichi Fukuda, Keith A A Fox, Ken Mahaffey, Kendra Unterbrink, Kenneth Giedd, Kerrie Van Loo, Kerry Lee, Kerstin Bonin, Kevin R Bainey, Kevin T Harley, Kevin Anstrom, Kevin Chan, Kevin Croce, Kevin Landolfo, Kevin Marzo, Keyur Patel, Khaled Abdul-Nour, Khaled Alfakih, Khaled Dajani, Khaled Ziada, Khaula Baloch, Khrystyna Kushniriuk, Kian-Keong Poh, Kim F Ireland, Kim Holland, Kimberly Ann Byrne, Kimberly E Halverson, Kimberly Elmore, Kimberly Miller-Cox, Kiran Reddy, Kirsten J Quiles, Kirsty Abercrombie, Klaus Matschke, Konrad Szymczyk, Koo Hui Chan, Kotiboinna Preethi, Kozhaya Sokhon, Krissada Meemuk, Kristian Thygesen, Kristin M Salmi, Kristin Newby, Kristina Wippler, Kristine Arges, Kristine Teoh, Krystal Etherington, Krystyna Łoboz-Grudzień, Krzysztof W Reczuch, Krzysztof Bury, Krzysztof Drzymalski, Krzysztof Kukuła, Kuo-Tzu Sung, Kurt Huber, Ladda Douangvila, Lance Sullenberger, Larissa Miranda Trama, Laszlone Matics, Laura Drew, Laura Flint, Laura Keinaite, Laura Sarti, Laurel Kolakaluri, Lawrence M Phillips, Lawrence Friedman, Lawrence Phillips, Lazar Velicki, Leah Howell, Leandro C Maranan, Leanne Cox, Ledjalem Daba, Lei Zhang, Lekshmi Dharmarajan, Leo Bockeria, Leonardo Pizzol Caetano, Leonardo Bridi, Leonid L Bershtein, Leszek Sokalski, Li Hai Yan, Li Li, Lia Nijmeijer, Lidia Sousa, Lihong Xu, Lihua Zhang, Lili Zhang, Lilia Schiavi, Lilian Mazza Barbosa, Lillian L Khor, Lina Felix-Stern, Linda L Hall, Linda M Hollenweger, Linda Arcand, Linda Davidson-Ray, Linda Schwarz, Lindsey N Sikora, Lingping Chi, Lino Patricio, Liping Zhang, Lisa Chaytor, Lisa Hatch, Lisa McCloy, Lisa Wong, Liselotte Persson, Lixin Jiang, Liz Low, Ljiljana Pupic, Loïc Bière, Lorenzo Monti, Lori Christensen, Lori Pritchard, Loriane Black, Lori-Ann Desimone, Lori-Ann Larmand, Lorraine McGregor, Louise Morby, Louise Thomson, Luc Harvey, Luciana de Pádua Baptista, Lucilla Garcia, Ludivine Eliahou, Ludmila Helmer, Luis F Smidt, Luis Bernanrdes, Luis Guzman, Luiz A Carvalho, Luyang Xiong, Lynette L Teo, Lynn M Neeson, Lynne Winstanley, M Barbara Srichai-Parsia, M Quintana Giner, M Sowjanya Reddy, M Valdés Chávarri, M Grazia Rossi, Maarten Simoons, Maayan Konigstein, Maciej Lesiak, Maciej Olsowka, Mafalda Selas, Magalie Corfias, Magdalena Madero Rovalo, Magdalena Łanocha, Magdalena Miller, Magdalena Misztal-Teodorczyk, Magdalena Rantinella, Magdy Abdelhamid, Magnolia Jimenez, Mahboob Alam, Mahevamma Mylarappa, Mahfouz El Shahawy, Mahmoud Mohamed, Mahmud Al-Bustami, Majo X Joseph, Malgorzata Frach, Małgorzta Celińska-Spodar, Malte Helm, Manas Chacko, Mandy Murphy, Manitha Vinod, Manjula Rani, Manu Dhawan, Manuela Mombelli, Marcel Weber, Marcello Galvani, Marcelo Jamus Rodrigues, Marcia F Dubin, Marcia F Werner Bayer, Marcin Szkopiak, Marco Antonio Monsalve, Marco Bizzaro Santos, Marco Magnoni, Marco Marini, Marco Sicuro, Marco Zenati, Marcos Valério Coimbra Resende, Marek Roik, Margalit Bentzvi, Margaret Gilsenan, Margaret Iraola, Margot C 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Jr, Matthew Budoff, Matthew Jezior, Matthew Luckie, Matthias Friedrich, Mauren P Haeffner, Maximilian Tscharre, Max-Paul Winter, Mayana Almeida, Mayil S Krishnam, Mayuri Patel, Meenakshi Mishra, Megan Manocchia, Meghana Kakade, Melanie J Munro, Melissa D Chaplin, Melissa LeFevre, Mervyn Andiapen, Michael A Gibson, Michael B Rubens, Michael C Turner, Michael D Shapiro, Michael W Lee, Michael Berlowitz, Michael Davidson, Michael Mack, Michael McDaniel, Michael Mumma, Michal Wlodarczyk, Michel G Khouri, Michel S Slama, Michele Rawlins, Michelle M Bonner, Michelle M Seib, Michelle Chang, Michelle Crowder, Michelle Dixon, Michelle Mayon, Michelle McEvoy, Michelle Yee, Miguel M Fernandes, Miguel Nobre Menezes, Miguel Souto Bayarri, Miguel Barrero, Mikhail T Torosoff, Milan R Dobric, Milan Dobric, Milica Nikola Dekleva, Milind Avdhoot Gadkari, Millie Gomez, Min Tun Kyaw, Miriam Brooks, Miroslav Stevo Martinovic, Mitchel B Lustre, Mohammad Tariq Vakani, Mohammad El-Hajjar, Mohammed Al-Amoodi, 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Riezebos, Robert M Donnino, Robert Bojar, Robert Chilton, Robert Guyton, Robert Henderson, Robert Kornberg, Robert Leber, Robert Mao, Robert Stenberg, Roberta P Santos, Roberto René Favaloro, Roberto Amati, Rodolfo G S D Lima, Rodrigo J Cerci, Rogerio Tumelero, Rohit Tandon, Roma Tewari, Romalisa Miranda-Peats, Ron Wald, Ronald A Mastouri, Ronald G Morford, Ronald G Schwartz, Ronald P Pedalino, Rongrong Hu, Ronnell A Hansen, Ronny A Cohen, Rory Hachamovitch, Rosa Homem, Rosa Sandonato, Rosane Laimer, Rosann Gans, Roxanne Yost, Roy Mathew, Rubén Baleón-Espinosa, Ruben Ramos, Rubine Gevorgyan, Rui Ferreira, Rui Jing, Ruth Pérez-Fernández, S K Dwivedi, S Ramakrishnan, Saadat Khan, Sabahat Bokhari, Sabu Thomas, Sadath Lubna, Sajeeda Parveen Khan, Sajeev Chakanalil Govindan, Saket Girotra, Saleem Kassam, Sallie Canada, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Samaa Mohamed, Samantha Ly, Sameh El Kaffas, Samia Massalha, Sampoornima Setty, Samuel Nwosu, Sandeep Seth, Sandeep Singh, Sander R Niehe, Sandra M 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Vincent Setang, C P Vineeth, Virginai Pubull Nuñez, Virginia Fernández-Figares, Vitor Gomes, Viviana Gabriel, Viviane Dos Santos, Viviane Almeida, Vlad A Iliescu, Vladan Mudrenovic, Vladimir Dzavik, Vojislav L Giga, Walter Enrique Mogrovejo, Wan Xian Chan, Wanda C Marfori, Wanda Parker, Warangkana Mekara, Wassim Nona, Wayne Old, Wayne Pennachi, Weerachai Nawarawong, Wei Chen, Wei Su, Weibing Xing, Wei-Ren Lan, Wenda Crawford, Wendy L Stewart, Wendy Drewes, Wenhua Lin, William B Abernethy, William D Salerno, William F Fearon, William Vergoni, William Weintraub, Winnie C Sia, Wlodzimierz J Musial, Xacobe Flores-Ríos, Xavier Garcia-Moll Marimon, Xi Su, Xiang Ma, Xiangqiong Gu, Xiao Wang, Xiaomei Li, Xiaowei Yao, Xin Fu, Xin Su, Xin Zeng, Xinchun Yang, Xiuhong Li, Xuehua Fang, Xutong Wang, Yaming Geng, Yan Yan, Yanek Pépin-Dubois, Yanfu Wang, Yang Wang, Yanmeng Tian, Yaping Huang, Yechen Han, Yesenia Zambrano, Yi-Hsuan Yang, Ying Tung Sia, Yining Yang, Yitong Ma, Yolayfi Peralta, Yongjian Wu, Yu Kunwu, Yu Zhao, Yudong Peng, Yueh-Hung Lin, Yulan Zhao, Yumei Dong, Yunhai Zhao, Yutthaphan Wannasopha, Yvonne Taul, Zakir Sahul, Zalina Kudzoeva, Zbigniew Kalarus, Zeljko Z Markovic, Zhen Huang, Zheng Ji, Zhenyu Liu, Zhou Yue, Zhulin Zhang, Zhuxi Li, Zile Singh Meharwal, Ziliang Bai, Zixiang Yu, Zohra Huda, Zoltan Davidovits
Subjects: Male, Cardiac Catheterization, Computed Tomography Angiography, medicine.medical_treatment, Myocardial Ischemia, Coronary Disease, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Coronary Angiography, ISCHEMIA Research Group, law.invention, Angina, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Cardiovascular Disease, Myocardial Revascularization, 030212 general & internal medicine, Coronary Artery Bypass, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cardiac catheterization, General Medicine, Middle Aged, humanities, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cardiology, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Ischemia, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Geriatric cardiology, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, General & Internal Medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Angina, Unstable, Aged, business.industry, Coronary Artery Bypa, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Bayes Theorem, medicine.disease, Heart failure, Quality of Life, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, whether clinical outcomes are better in those who receive an invasive intervention plus medical therapy than in those who receive medical therapy alone is uncertain. METHODS: We randomly assigned 5179 patients with moderate or severe ischemia to an initial invasive strategy (angiography and revascularization when feasible) and medical therapy or to an initial conservative strategy of medical therapy alone and angiography if medical therapy failed. The primary outcome was a composite of death from cardiovascular causes, myocardial infarction, or hospitalization for unstable angina, heart failure, or resuscitated cardiac arrest. A key secondary outcome was death from cardiovascular causes or myocardial infarction. RESULTS: Over a median of 3.2 years, 318 primary outcome events occurred in the invasive-strategy group and 352 occurred in the conservative-strategy group. At 6 months, the cumulative event rate was 5.3% in the invasive-strategy group and 3.4% in the conservative-strategy group (difference, 1.9 percentage points; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8 to 3.0); at 5 years, the cumulative event rate was 16.4% and 18.2%, respectively (difference, -1.8 percentage points; 95% CI, -4.7 to 1.0). Results were similar with respect to the key secondary outcome. The incidence of the primary outcome was sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction; a secondary analysis yielded more procedural myocardial infarctions of uncertain clinical importance. There were 145 deaths in the invasive-strategy group and 144 deaths in the conservative-strategy group (hazard ratio, 1.05; 95% CI, 0.83 to 1.32). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients with stable coronary disease and moderate or severe ischemia, we did not find evidence that an initial invasive strategy, as compared with an initial conservative strategy, reduced the risk of ischemic cardiovascular events or death from any cause over a median of 3.2 years. The trial findings were sensitive to the definition of myocardial infarction that was used. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute and others; ISCHEMIA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01471522.).
Published: 2020
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15. Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, ventilation management, and outcomes in invasively ventilated intensive care unit patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome: a pooled analysis of four observational studies

Author: Pisani, Luigi, Algera, Anna Geke, Neto, Ary Serpa, Azevedo, Luciano, Pham, Tài, Paulus, Frederique, de Abreu, Marcelo Gama, Pelosi, Paolo, Dondorp, Arjen M, Bellani, Giacomo, Laffey, John G, Schultz, Marcus J, Martinez, Amadeu, Leal, Livia, Jorge Pereira, Antonio, de Oliveira Maia, Marcelo, Neto, Josè Aires, Piras, Claudio, Caser, Eliana Bernadete, Moreira, Cora Lavigne, Braga Gusman, Pablo, Dalcomune, Dyanne Moysés, Ribeiro de Carvalho, Alexandre Guilherme, Gondim, Louise Aline Romão, Castelo Branco Reis, Lívia Mariane, da Cunha Ribeiro, Daniel, de Assis Simões, Leonardo, Campos, Rafaela Siqueira, Fernandez Versiani dos Anjos, José Carlos, Bruzzi Carvalho, Frederico, Alves, Rossine Ambrosio, Nunes, Lilian Batista, Réa-Neto, Álvaro, de Oliveira, Mirella Cristine, Tannous, Luana, Cardoso Gomes, Brenno, Rodriguez, Fernando Borges, Abelha, Priscila, Lugarinho, Marcelo E, Japiassu, Andre, de Melo, Hélder Konrad, Lopes, Elton Afonso, Varaschin, Pedro, de Souza Dantas, Vicente Cés, Freitas Knibel, Marcos, Ponte, Micheli, de Azambuja Rodrigues, Pedro Mendes, Costa Filho, Rubens Carmo, Saddy, Felipe, Wanderley Castellões, Théia Forny, Silva, Suzana Alves, Osorio, Luiz Antonio Gomes, Mannarino, Dora, Espinoza, Rodolfo, Righy, Cassia, Soares, Marcio, Salluh, Jorge, Tanaka, Lilian, Aragão, Daniel, Tavares, Maria Eduarda, Kehdi, Maura Goncalves Pereira, Rezende, Valéria Maria Campos, Carbonell, Roberto Carlos Cruz, Teixeira, Cassiano, de Oliveira, Roselaine Pinheiro, Maccari, Juçara Gasparetto, Castro, Priscylla Souza, Berto, Paula, Schwarz, Patricia, Torelly, André Peretti, Lisboa, Thiago, Moraes, Edison, Dal-Pizzol, Felipe, Tomasi Damiani, Cristiane, Ritter, Cristiane, Ferreira, Juliana Carvalho, Teixeira Costa, Ramon, Caruso, Pedro, Amendola, Cristina Prata, de Oliveira, Amanda Maria R R, Silva, Ulysses V A, Sanches, Luciana Coelho, Almeida, Rosana D S, Azevedo, Luciano Cesar, Park, Marcelo, Schettino, Guilherme, Assunção, Murillo Santucci, Silva, Eliezer, Barboza, Carlos Eduardo, Junior, Antonio Paulo Nassar, Marzocchi Tierno, Paulo Fernando G M, Malbouisson, Luis Marcelo, Oliveira, Lucas, Cristovao, Davi, Neto, Manoel Leitão, Rego, Ênio, Fernandes, Fernanda Eugênia, Romano, Marcelo Luz Pereira, Cavalcanti, Alexandre Biasi, de Souza Barros, Dalton, Suzumura, Érica Aranha, Meira, Karla Loureiro, de Oliveira, Gustavo Affonso, Luciano, Paula Menezes, Pacheco, Evelin Drociunas, Mazza, Bruno Franco, Machado, Flavia Ribeiro, Ferreira, Elaine, dos Santos, Ronaldo Batista, Colombo, Alexandra Siqueira, Nogueira, Antonio Carlos, Fernandes, Juliana Baroni, Nóbrega, Raquel Siqueira, do CS Martins, Barbara, Soriano, Francisco, Morsch, Rafaela Deczka, Nunes, Andre Luiz Baptiston, de Almeida, Juliano Pinheiro, Hajjar, Ludhmila, Moulin, Sílvia, Giannini, Fábio Poianas, Baptiston Nunes, Andre Luiz, Rios, Fernando, Van Haren, Frank, Sottiaux, T, Lora, Fredy S, Azevedo, Luciano C, Depuydt, P, Fan, Eddy, Bugedo, Guillermo, Qiu, Haibo, Gonzalez, Marcos, Silesky, 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Joanna, Persson, Linnea, Schiöler, Fredrik, Kedelv, Hans, Tibblin, Anna Oscarsson, Appelberg, Henrik, Hedlund, Lars, Helleberg, Johan, Eriksson, Karin E, Glietsch, Rita, Larsson, Niklas, Nygren, Ingela, Nunes, Silvia L, Morin, Anna-Karin, Kander, Thomas, Adolfsson, Anne, Zender, Hervé O, Leemann-Refondini, Corinne, Elatrous, Souheil, Bouchoucha, Slaheddine, Chouchene, Imed, Ouanes, Islem, Ben Souissi, Asma, Kamoun, Salma, Demirkiran, Oktay, Aker, Mustafa, Erbabacan, Emre, Ceylan, Ilkay, Girgin, Nermin Kelebek, Ozcelik, Menekse, Ünal, Necmettin, Meco, Basak Ceyda, Akyol, Onat O, Derman, Suleyman S, Kennedy, Barry, Parhar, Ken, Srinivasa, Latha, McAuley, Danny, Steinberg, Jack, Hopkins, Phil, Mellis, Clare, Stansil, Frank, Kakar, Vivek, Hadfield, Dan, Brown, Christine, Vercueil, Andre, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Humphreys, Sally K, Ferguson, Andrew, Mckee, Raymond, Raj, Ashok S, Fawkes, Danielle A, Watt, Philip, Twohey, Linda, Thomas, Rajeev R Jha Matthew, Morton, Alex, Kadaba, Varsha, Smith, 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Mehta, Sangeeta, Knoll, Jenny, Pronovost, Antoine, Canestrini, Sergio, Bruhn, Alejandro R, Garcia, Patricio H, Aliaga, Felipe A, Farías, Pamela A, Yumha, Jacob S, Ortiz, Claudia A, Salas, Javier E, Saez, Alejandro A, Vega, Luis D, Labarca, Eduardo F, Martinez, Felipe T, Carreño, Nicolás G, Lora, Pilar, Liu, Haitao, Liu, Ling, Tang, Rui, Luo, Xiaoming, An, Youzhong, Zhao, Huiying, Gao, Yan, Zhai, Zhe, Ye, Zheng L, Wang, Wei, Li, Wenwen, Li, Qingdong, Zheng, Ruiqiang, Yu, Wenkui, Shen, Juanhong, Li, Xinyu, Yu, Tao, Lu, Weihua, Wu, Ya Q, Huang, Xiao B, He, Zhenyang, Lu, Yuanhua, Han, Hui, Zhang, Fan, Sun, Renhua, Wang, Hua X, Qin, Shu H, Zhu, Bao H, Zhao, Jun, Liu, Jian, Li, Bin, Liu, Jing L, Zhou, Fa C, Li, Qiong J, Zhang, Xing Y, Li-Xin, Zhou, Xin-Hua, Qiang, Jiang, Liangyan, Gao, Yuan N, Zhao, Xian Y, Li, Yuan Y, Li, Xiao L, Wang, Chunting, Yao, Qingchun, Yu, Rongguo, Chen, Kai, Shao, Huanzhang, Qin, Bingyu, Huang, Qing Q, Zhu, Wei H, Hang, Ai Y, Hua, Ma X, Li, Yimin, Xu, Yonghao, Di, Yu D, Ling, Long L, Qin, Tie H, Wang, Shou H, Qin, Junping, Han, Yi, Zhou, Suming, Vargas, Monica P, Silesky Jimenez, Juan I, González Rojas, Manuel A, Solis-Quesada, Jaime E, Ramirez-Alfaro, Christian M, Máca, Jan, Sklienka, Peter, Gjedsted, Jakob, Christiansen, Aage, Villamagua, Boris G, Llano, Miguel, Burtin, Philippe, Buzancais, Gautier, Beuret, Pascal, Pelletier, Nicola, Mortaza, Satar, Mercat, Alain, Chelly, Jonathan, Jochmans, Sébastien, Terzi, Nicola, Daubin, Cédric, Carteaux, Guillaume, de Prost, Nicola, Chiche, Jean-Daniel, Daviaud, Fabrice, Pham, Tai, Fartoukh, Muriel, Barberet, Guillaume, Biehler, Jerome, Dellamonica, Jean, Doyen, Deni, Arnal, Jean-Michel, Briquet, Anai, Hraiech, Sami, Papazian, Laurent, Follin, Arnaud, Roux, Damien, Messika, Jonathan, Kalaitzis, Evangelo, Dangers, Laurence, Combes, Alain, Au, Siu-Ming, Béduneau, Gaetan, Carpentier, Dorothée, Zogheib, Elie H, Dupont, Herve, Ricome, Sylvie, Santoli, Francesco L, Besset, Sebastien L, Michel, Philippe, Gelée, Bruno, Danin, Pierre-Eric, Goubaux, Bernard, Crova, Philippe J, Phan, Nga T, Berkelmans, Frantz, Badie, Julio C, Tapponnier, Romain, Gally, Josette, Khebbeb, Samy, Herbrecht, Jean-Etienne, Schneider, Franci, Declercq, Pierre-Louis M, Rigaud, Jean-Philippe, Duranteau, Jacque, Harrois, Anatole, Chabanne, Russell, Marin, Julien, Bigot, Charlene, Thibault, Sandrine, Ghazi, Mohammed, Boukhazna, Messabi, Ould Zein, Salem, Richecoeur, Jack R, Combaux, Daniele M, Grelon, Fabien, Le Moal, Charlene, Sauvadet, Elise P, Robine, Adrien, Lemiale, Virginie, Reuter, Danielle, Dres, Martin, Demoule, Alexandre, Goldgran-Toledano, Dany, Baboi, Loredana, Guérin, Claude, Lohner, Ralph, Kraßler, Jen, Schäfer, Susanne, Zacharowski, Kai D, Meybohm, Patrick, Reske, Andreas W, Simon, Philipp, Hopf, Hans-Bernd F, Schuetz, Michael, Baltus, Thoma, Papanikolaou, Metaxia N, Papavasilopoulou, Theonymfi G, Zacharas, Giannis A, Ourailogloy, Vasili, Mouloudi, Eleni K, Massa, Eleni V, Nagy, Eva O, Stamou, Electra E, Kiourtzieva, Ellada V, Oikonomou, Marina A, Avila, Luis E, Cortez, Cesar A, Citalán, Johanna E, Jog, Sameer A, Sable, Safal D, Shah, Bhagyesh, Gurjar, Mohan, Baronia, Arvind K, Memon, Mohammedfaruk, Muthuchellappan, Radhakrishnan, Ramesh, Venkatapura J, Shenoy, Anitha, Unnikrishnan, Ramesh, Dixit, Subhal B, Rhayakar, Rachana V, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Bhardwaj, Vallish K, Mahto, Heera L, Sagar, Sudha V, Palaniswamy, Vijayanand, Ganesan, Deeban, Mohammadreza Hashemian, Seyed, Jamaati, Hamidreza, Heidari, Farshad, Meaney, Edel A, Nichol, Alistair, Knapman, Karl M, O'Croinin, Donall, Dunne, Eimhin S, Breen, Dorothy M, Clarkson, Kevin P, Jaafar, Rola F, Dwyer, Rory, Amir, Fahd, Ajetunmobi, Olaitan O, O'Muircheartaigh, Aogan C, Black, Colin S, Treanor, Nuala, Collins, Daniel V, Altaf, Wahid, Zani, Gianluca, Fusari, Maurizio, Spadaro, Savino, Volta, Carlo A, Graziani, Romano, Brunettini, Barbara, Palmese, Salvatore, Formenti, Paolo, Umbrello, Michele, Lombardo, Andrea, Pecci, Elisabetta, Botteri, Marco, Savioli, Monica, Protti, Alessandro, Mattei, Alessia, Schiavoni, Lorenzo, Tinnirello, Andrea, Todeschini, Manuel, Giarratano, Antonino, Cortegiani, Andrea, Sher, Sara, Rossi, Anna, Antonelli, Massimo M, Montini, Luca M, Casalena, Paolo, Scafetti, Sergio, Panarello, Giovanna, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Patroniti, Nicolò, Pozzi, Matteo, Biscione, Roberto R, Poli, Michela M, Raimondi, Ferdinando, Albiero, Daniela, Crapelli, Giulia, Beck, Eduardo, Pota, Vincenzo, Schiavone, Vincenzo, Molin, Alexandre, Tarantino, Fabio, Monti, Giacomo, Frati, Elena, Mirabella, Lucia, Cinnella, Gilda, Fossali, Tommaso, Colombo, Riccardo, Terragni, Pierpaolo, Pattarino, Ilaria, Mojoli, Francesco, Braschi, Antonio, Borotto, Erika E, Cracchiolo, Andrea N, Palma, Daniela M, Raponi, Francesco, Foti, Giuseppe, Vascotto, Ettore R, Coppadoro, Andrea, Brazzi, Luca, Floris, Leda, Iotti, Giorgio A, Venti, Aaron, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Takagi, Shunsuke, Maeyama, Hiroki N, Watanabe, Eizo, Yamaji, Yoshihiro, Shimizu, Kazuyoshi, Shiozaki, Kyoko, Futami, Satoru, Ryosuke, Sekine, Saito, Koji, Kameyama, Yoshinobu, Ueno, Keiko, Izawa, Masayo, Okuda, Nao, Suzuki, Hiroyuki, Harasawa, Tomofumi, Nasu, Michitaka, Takada, Tadaaki, Ito, Fumihito, Nunomiya, Shin, Koyama, Kansuke, Abe, Toshikazu, Andoh, Kohkichi, Kusumoto, Kohei, Hirata, Akira, Takaba, Akihiro, Kimura, Hiroyasu, Matsumoto, Shuhei, Higashijima, Ushio, Honda, Hiroyuki, Aoki, Nobumasa, Imai, Hiroshi, Ogino, Yasuaki, Mizuguchi, Ichiko, Ichikado, Kazuya, Nitta, Kenichi, Mochizuki, Katsunori, Hashida, Tomoaki, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Nakamura, Tomoyuki, Niimi, Daisuke, Ueda, Takeshi, Kashiwa, Yozo, Uchiyama, Akinori, Sabelnikovs, Oleg, Oss, Peteri, Haddad, Youssef, Liew, Kong Y, Ñamendys-Silva, Silvio A, Jarquin-Badiola, Yves D, Sanchez-Hurtado, Luis A, Gomez-Flores, Saira S, Marin, Maria C, Villagomez, Asisclo J, Lemus, Jordana S, Fierro, Jonathan M, Cervantes, Mavy Ramirez, Mejia, Francisco Javier Flore, Gonzalez, Daniel R, Dector, Dulce M, Estrella, Claudia R, Sanchez-Medina, Jorge R, Ramirez-Gutierrez, Alvaro, George, Fernando G, Aguirre, Janet S, Buensuseso, Juan A, Poblano, Manuel, Dendane, Tarek, Balkhi, Hicham, Elkhayari, Mina, Samkaoui, Nacer, Ezzouine, Hanane, Benslama, Abdellatif, Amor, Mourad, Maazouzi, Wajdi, Cimic, Nedim, Beck, Oliver, Bruns, Monique M, Schouten, Jeroen A, Rinia, Myra, Raaijmakers, Monique, Van Wezel, Hellen M, Heines, Serge J, Buise, Marc P, Simonis, Fabienne D, Goodson, Jennifer C, rowne, Troy S B, Navarra, Leanlove, Hunt, Anna, Hutchison, Robyn A, Bailey, Mathew B, Newby, Lynette, Mcarthur, Colin, Kalkoff, Michael, Mcleod, Alex, Casement, Jonathan, Hacking, Danielle J, Andersen, Finn H, Dolva, Merete S, Laake, Jon H, Barratt-Due, Andrea, Noremark, Kim Andre L, Søreide, Eldar, Sjøbø, Brit Å, Guttormsen, Anne B, Yoshido, Hector H Leon, Aguilar, Ronald Zumaran, Oscanoa, Fredy A Monte, Alisasis, Alain U, Robles, Joanne B, Pasanting-Lim, Rossini Abbie B, Tan, Beatriz C, Andruszkiewicz, Pawel, Jakubowska, Karina, Cox, Cristina M, Alvarez, António M, Oliveira, Bruno S, Montanha, Gustavo M, Barros, Nelson C, Pereira, Carlos S, Messias, António M, Monteiro, Jorge M, Araujo, Ana M, Catorze, Nuno T, Marum, Susan M, Bouw, Maria J, Gomes, Rui M, Brito, Vania A, Castro, Silvia, Estilita, Joana M, Barros, Filipa M, Serra, Isabel M, Martinho, Aurelia M, Tomescu, Dana R, Marcu, Alexandra, Bedreag, Ovidiu H, Papurica, Mariu, Corneci, Dan E, Negoita, Silvius Ioan, Grigoriev, Evgeny, Gritsan, Alexey I, Gazenkampf, Andrey A, Almekhlafi, Ghaleb, Albarrak, Mohamad M, Mustafa, Ghanem M, Maghrabi, Khalid A, Salahuddin, Nawal, Aisa, Tharwat M, Al Jabbary, Ahmed S, Tabhan, Edgardo, Arabi, Yaseen M, Trinidad, Olivia A, Al Dorzi, Hasan M, Tabhan, Edgardo E, Bolon, Stefan, Smith, Oliver, Mancebo, Jordi, Aguirre-Bermeo, Hernan, Lopez-Delgado, Juan C, Esteve, Francisco, Rialp, Gemma, Forteza, Catalina, De Haro, Candelaria, Artigas, Antonio, Albaiceta, Guillermo M, De Cima-Iglesias, Sara, Seoane-Quiroga, Leticia, Ceniceros-Barros, Alexandra, Ruiz-Aguilar, Antonio L, Claraco-Vega, Luis M, Soler, Juan Alfonso, Lorente, Maria del Carmen, Hermosa, Cecilia, Gordo, Federico, Prieto-González, Miryam, López-Messa, Juan B, Perez, Manuel P, Pere, Cesar P, Allue, Raquel Montoiro, Roche-Campo, Ferran, Ibañez-Santacruz, Marco, Temprano, Susana, Pintado, Maria C, De Pablo, Raul, Gómez, Pilar Ricart Aroa, Ruiz, Silvia Rodriguez, Moles, Silvia Iglesia, Jurado, Mª Teresa, Arizmendi, Alfon, Piacentini, Enrique A, Franco, Nieve, Honrubia, Teresa, Perez Cheng, Meisy, Perez Losada, Elena, Blanco, Javier, Yuste, Luis J, Carbayo-Gorriz, Cecilia, Cazorla-Barranquero, Francisca G, Alonso, Javier G, Alda, Rosa S, Algaba, Ángela, Navarro, Gonzalo, Cereijo, Enrique, Diaz-Rodriguez, Esther, Marcos, Diego Pastor, Montero, Laura Alvarez, Para, Luis Herrera, Sanchez, Roberto Jimenez, Blasco Navalpotro, Miguel Angel, Abad, Ricardo Diaz, Montiel González, Raquel, Toribio, Dácil Parrilla, Castro, Alejandro G, Artiga, Maria Jose D, Penuelas, Oscar, Roser, Tomas P, Olga, Moreno F, Curto, Elena Gallego, Sánchez, Rocío Manzano, Imma, Vallverdu P, Elisabet, Garcia M, Claverias, Laura, Magret, Monica, Pellicer, Ana M, Rodriguez, Lucia L, Sánchez-Ballesteros, Jesú, González-Salamanca, Ángela, Jimenez, Antonio G, Huerta, Francisco P, Diaz, Juan Carlos J Sotillo, Lopez, Esther Bermejo, Moya, David D Llinare, Alfonso, Alec A Tallet, Eugenio Luis, Palazon Sanchez, Cesar, Palazon Sanchez, Rafael, Sánchez I, Virgilio, Corcoles G, Recio, Noelia N, Adamsson, Richard O, Rylander, Christian C, Holzgraefe, Bernhard, Broman, Lars M, Wessbergh, Joanna, Persson, Linnea, Schiöler, Fredrik, Kedelv, Han, Tibblin, Anna Oscarsson, Appelberg, Henrik, Hedlund, Lar, Helleberg, Johan, Eriksson, Karin E, Glietsch, Rita, Larsson, Nikla, Nygren, Ingela, Nunes, Silvia L, Morin, Anna-Karin, Kander, Thoma, Adolfsson, Anne, Zender, Hervé O, Leemann-Refondini, Corinne, Elatrous, Souheil, Bouchoucha, Slaheddine, Chouchene, Imed, Ouanes, Islem, Ben Souissi, Asma, Kamoun, Salma, Demirkiran, Oktay, Aker, Mustafa, Erbabacan, Emre, Ceylan, Ilkay, Girgin, Nermin Kelebek, Ozcelik, Menekse, Ünal, Necmettin, Meco, Basak Ceyda, Akyol, Onat O, Derman, Suleyman S, Kennedy, Barry, Parhar, Ken, Srinivasa, Latha, McAuley, Danny, Steinberg, Jack, Hopkins, Phil, Mellis, Clare, Stansil, Frank, Kakar, Vivek, Hadfield, Dan, Brown, Christine, Vercueil, Andre, Bhowmick, Kaushik, Humphreys, Sally K, Ferguson, Andrew, Mckee, Raymond, Raj, Ashok S, Fawkes, Danielle A, Watt, Philip, Twohey, Linda, Thomas, Rajeev R Jha Matthew, Morton, Alex, Kadaba, Varsha, Smith, Mark J, Hormis, Anil P, Kannan, Santhana G, Namih, Miriam, Reschreiter, Henrik, Camsooksai, Julie, Kumar, Alek, Rugonfalvi, Szabolc, Nutt, Christopher, Oneill, Orla, Seasman, Colette, Dempsey, Ged, Scott, Christopher J, Ellis, Helen E, Mckechnie, Stuart, Hutton, Paula J, Di Tomasso, Nora N, Vitale, Michela N, Griffin, Ruth O, Dean, Michael N, Cranshaw, Julius H, Willett, Emma L, Ioannou, Nichola, Gillis, Sarah, Csabi, Peter, Macfadyen, Rosaleen, Dawson, Heidi, Preez, Pieter D, Williams, Alexandra J, Boyd, Owen, De Gordoa, Laura Ortiz-Ruiz, Bramall, Jon, Symmonds, Sophie, Chau, Simon K, Wenham, Tim, Szakmany, Tama, Toth-Tarsoly, Piroska, Mccalman, Katie H, Alexander, Peter, Stephenson, Lorraine, Collyer, Thoma, Chapman, Rhiannon, Cooper, Raphael, Allan, Russell M, Sim, Malcolm, Wrathall, David W, Irvine, Donald A, Zantua, Kim S, Adams, John C, Burtenshaw, Andrew J, Sellors, Gareth P, Welters, Ingeborg D, Williams, Karen E, Hessell, Robert J, Oldroyd, Matthew G, Battle, Ceri E, Pillai, Suresh, Kajtor, Istvan, Sivashanmugave, Mageswaran, Okane, Sinead C, Donnelly, Adrian, Frigyik, Aniko D, Careless, Jon P, May, Martin M, Stewart, Richard, Trinder, T John, Hagan, Samantha J, Wise, Matt P, Cole, Jade M, MacFie, Caroline C, Dowling, Anna T, Nin, Nicolá, Nuñez, Edgardo, Pittini, Gustavo, Rodriguez, Ruben, Imperio, María C, Santos, Cristina, França, Ana G, Ebeid, Alejandro, Deicas, Alberto, Serra, Carolina, Uppalapati, Aditya, Kamel, Ghassan, Banner-Goodspeed, Valerie M, Beitler, Jeremy R, Mukkera, Satyanarayana Reddy, Kulkarni, Shreedhar, Lee, Jarone, Mesar, Tomaz, Shinn Iii, John O, Gomaa, Dina, Tainter, Christopher, Cowley, R Adam, Yeatts, Dale J, Warren, Jessica, Lanspa, Michael J, Miller, Russel R, Grissom, Colin K, Brown, Samuel M, Bauer, Philippe R, Gosselin, Ryan J, Kitch, Barrett T, Cohen, Jason E, Beegle, Scott H, Gueret, Renaud M, Tulaimat, Aiman, Choudry, Shazia, Stigler, William, Batra, Hitesh, Huff, Nidhi G, Lamb, Keith D, Oetting, Trevor W, Mohr, Nicholas M, Judy, Claine, Saito, Shigeki, Kheir, Fayez M, Schlichting, Adam B, Delsing, Angela, Elmasri, Mary, Crouch, Daniel R, Ismail, Dina, Blakeman, Thomas C, Dreyer, Kyle R, Baron, Rebecca M, Grijalba, Carolina Quintana, Hou, Peter C, Seethala, Raghu, Aisiku, Imo, Henderson, Galen, Frendl, Gyorgy, Hou, Sen-Kuang, Owens, Robert L, Schomer, Ashley, Bumbasirevic, Vesna, Jovanovic, Bojan, Surbatovic, Maja, Veljovic, Milic, Rodgers, Helen, Dixon, Barry, Smith, Roger, Kol, Mark, Wong, Helen, Schmid, Werner, Hermans, Greet, Bourgeois, Marc, Anquez, Nathalie, Decruyenaere, Johan, DeCrop, Luc, Souza dos Santos, Rafaella, Beraldo, Daniel, dos Santos, Moreno Calcagnotto, Pellegrini, Jose Augusto Santo, Oliveira, Vanessa, Munhoz, Carlo, Peçanha, Ana Carolina, da Silva Ramos, Fernando José, Maia, Israel, Bahl, Marina, Biondi, Rodrigo, Prado, Daniel, Pinto, Sérgio Felix, Salgado, Jean, Falcão, Luis Fernando, Macruz, Tiago, Ruas, Kessia, Mecatti, Giovana Colozza, Caser, Eliane Bernadete, Gava, Isabela Ambrósio, Carreño, Nicolá, Morales, Mauricio, Avendaño, Rossana, Aguirre, Stefania, Sribar, Andrej, Klaric, Vlasta, Skilijic, Sonja, Dvorscak, Matea Bogdanovic, Krkusek, Marijana, Jurjevic, Matija, Karanovic, Nenad, Simurina, Tatjana, Stourac, Petr, Kratochvil, Milan, Schlegel, Christian, Treschan, Tanja A, Schaefer, Maximilian, Aytulun, Akut, Kienbaum, Peter, Jaafar, Rola, Collins, Daniel, Plant, Robert, Melchionda, Giuseppe, Di Lauro, Eduardo, Russotto, Vincenzo, Caione, Raffaele, Mestria, Donatella, Volta, Carlo Alberto, Seghelini, Elisa, Sales, Gabriele, D'Antini, Davide, Severgnini, Paolo, Bacuzzi, Alessandro, Peluso, Lorenzo, Verrastro, Pasquale, Raimondo, Pasquale, Gecaj-Gashi, Agreta, Tuinman, Pieter Roel, Alberts, Erna, van den Hul, Ingrid, Kuiper, Michael, de Wilde, Robert BP, Koopmans, Matty, Kose, Isil, Zincircioglu, Çiler, Dogan, Nazim, Aydin, Demet, Denker, Ahmet Sukru, Buyukkocak, Unase, Akgun, Nur, Turan, Güldem, Senturk, Evren, Demirtürk, Zerrin, Özcan, Perihan Ergin, Ekinci, Osman, Saylan, Sedat, Eren, Gulay, Ulger, Fatma, Dilek, Ahmet, Ulusoy, Hulya, Goktas, Ugur, Soyoral, Lokman, Toman, Huseyin, Orak, Yavuz, Kahveci, Feda, Mills, Gary H, Pinder, Angela, Walker, Rachel, Harrison, Jonathan, Snell, Jane, Pearson, Rachel, Sharman, Michael, Kaloo, Claire, Bynorth, Natalie, Matthews, Kelly, Hughes, Chloe, Rose, Alastair, Simeson, Karen, Niska, Lotta, Huneke, Nathan, Adderly, Jane, Padilla-Harris, Cheryl, Oliver, Rebecca, Brohi, Farooq, Wilson, Natalie, Talbot, Helen, Wilson, Deborah, Smith, Deborah, Dark, Paulo, Evans, Tracey, Fisher, Nicola, Montgomery, Jane, Fitzell, Pauline, Muench, Christoph, Hugill, Keith, Cirstea, Emanuel, Bentley, Andrew, Lynch, Katie, White, Ian, Cooper, Jonathan, Brazier, Melinda, Devile, Michael, Parris, Michael, Gill, Pardeep, Patel, Tasmin, Criswell, John, Trodd, Dawn, Griffin, Denise, Martin, Jane, Wreybrown, Caroline, Bewley, Jeremy, Sweet, Katie, Grimmer, Lisa, Kozlowski, Marta, James, Shanaz, Limb, Jame, Cowton, Amanda, Rogerson, David, Downes, Charlotte, Melbourne, Susan, Humphries, Ryan, Pulletz, Mark, Moreton, Sarah, Janes, Stephanie, Corner, Andrew, Linnett, Vanessa, Ritzema, Jenny, Watters, Malcolm, Windebank, Steve, Chenna, Shailaja, Howard-Griffin, Richard, Turner, Kate, Suresh, Sheeba, Blaylock, Heather, Bell, Stephanie, Blenk, Karl, Everett, Lynn, Hadfield, Daniel, Harris, Clair, Chan, Alexandre, Birch, Sian, Pegg, Claire, Plowright, Catherine, Cooper, Lucy, Hatton, Tom, McCullagh, Iain, Wright, Stephen, Scott, Carmen, Boyd, Christine, Holliday, Mark, Poultney, Una, Crowther, Hannah, Thornthwaite, Sarah, Hollister, Nigel, Hunt, Jane, Skinner, Amanda, Matsa, Ramprasad, Salt, Ruth, Matthews, Claire, Venner, Nicola, Barcraft-Barnes, Helena, Tbaily, Lee, Pogson, David, Mouland, Johanna, Rose, Steve, Lamb, Nicola, Tarmey, Nichola, Knighton, John, Giles, Julian, Weller, Debbie, Reed, Isabelle, Hormis, Anil, Pearson, Sallyane, Harris, Meredith, Howe, Joanne, Paddle, Jonathan, Burt, Karen, Welters, Ingeborg, Walker, Anna, Youds, Laura, Hendry, Sam, Shaw, David, Williams, Karen, Hollands, Robin, Carnahan, Mandy, Stickley, Johanna, Miller, Claire, Donaldson, Denise, Tonks, Louise, Creagh-Brown, Ben, Hull, Daniel, Ortiz-Ruiz, Laura, Gopal, Shammer, Metherell, Stella, Spencer, Hazel, Frey, Christian, Brown, Carly, Clifford, Gayle, Leaver, Susannah, Ryan, Christine, Mellinghoff, Johannes Mellinghoff, Prudden, Sarah Prudden, Green, Helen Green, Roy, Alistair Roy, Furneval, Julie Furneval, Bell, Adam Bell, Lakhani, Sandeep Lakhani, Fasting, Lousie Fasting, Murray, Lorna Murray, Preller, Kobu, McInerney, Amy, Beavis, Sarah, Whileman, Amanda, Toms, Julie, Glenn, Sue, Ramali, Mohamed, Ghosh, Alison, Bullock, Clare, Barrell, Lisa, Young, Eoin, Robertson, Helen, Faulkner, Maria, MacNaughton, Peter, Tyson, Susan, Pulak, Paul, Sewell, Terri-Ann, Smalley, Christopher, Jacob, Reni, Alzugaray, Pedro, Vidal Melo, Marcos F, Joyce, Kristen, Needleman, Joseph, Ahsan, Areef, Faiz, Abul, Alam, AKM Shamsul, Khatoon, Syeda Nafisa, Nath, Ranjan Kumer, Rahman Chowdhury, Mohammed Abdur, Banik, Debabrata, Mondol, Montosh Kumar, Bhuiyan, Sakibur Rahman, Nazneed, Suraiya, Sultana, Rozina, Hamid, Tarikul, Hossain, Mozaffer, Reza, Syed Tariq, Asaduzzaman, Muhammad, Salim, Mohammad, Mostafa Kamal, Abu Hena, Taher, Sheikh Mohammed, Taohid, Taohidul Majid, Karmaker, Pranab, Roy, Sabyasachi, Das, Shantanu, Sarkar, Sohel Ahmed, Dutta, Monju Lal, Roy, Poulomi, Iyer, Shivakumar, Krishna, Bhuvana, Sampath, Sriram, Pattnaik, Rajyabardhan, Kasi, Chinni Krishna, Shah, Jignesh, Dongre, Anand, Reza Hashemian, Seyed Mohammad, Nooraei, Navid, Raessi Estabragh, Reza, Malekmohammad, Majid, Khoundabi, Batoul, Mobasher, Maziar, Mohd Yunos, Nor'azim, Kassim, Mahazir, Voon, Chern Min, Das, Stanis Sutharsa, Azauddin, Siti Nur Suhaila, Dorasamy, Dharshinie, Tai, Li Ling, Mat Nor, Mohd Basri, Zarudin, Nurhafizah, Hasan, Mohd Shahnaz, Jamaluddin, Mohamad Fadhil Hadi, Othman Jailani, Mohamad Irfan, Kayashta, Gyan, Adhikari, Aaradhana, Pangeni, Raju, Hashmi, Madiha, Joseph, Sonia, Akhtar, Aftab, Qadeer, Aayesha, Memon, Iqbal, Ali, Syed Muneeb, Idrees, Farah, Kamal, Saima, Hanif, Sadaf, Rehman, Atta Ur, Taqi, Arshad, Hussain, Tanveer, Farooq, Ahmed, Khaskheli, Saleh, Hayat, Muhammad, Indraratna, Kanishka, Beane, Abigail, Haniffa, Rashan, Samaranayake, Upeka, Mathanalagan, Sathiyamoorthy, Gunaratne, Asoka, Mithraratne, Nimangee, Thilakasiri, Kaushila, Pilimatalawwe, Chamila, Dilhani, Y A Hasitha, Fernando, Marie, Ranatunge, Kumudini, Samarasinghe, Loranthi, Vaas, Manori, Edirisooriya, Manoj, Sigera, Chathurani, Arumoli, Janaki, De Silva, Kesharie, Kudavidanage, Bimal, Pinto, Visanthi, Dissanayake, Lakshman, Chittawatanarat, Kaweesak, Kongpolprom, Napplika, Silachamroon, Udomsak, Pornsuriyasak, Prapaporn, Petnak, Tananchai, Singhatas, Pongsasit, Tangsujaritvijit, Viratch, Rungruanghiranya, Suthat, Piriyapatsom, Annop, Juntaping, Kanokkarn, Trongtrakul, Konlawij, Thungtitigul, Poungrat, Tajarernmuang, Pattraporn, Chatmongkolchart, Sunisa, Bhurayanontachai, Rungsun, Akaraborworn, Osaree, Navasakulpong, Asma, Surasit, Karjbundid, Thwaites, Louise, Nadjm, Behzad, Vu Quoc, Dat, Nguyen Thi Thanh, Ha, Nguyen Van, Kinh, Duong Bich, Thuy, Lam Minh, Yen, Anesthesiology, Intensive care medicine, ACS - Pulmonary hypertension & thrombosis, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, Graduate School, Intensive Care Medicine, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Nursing, and ACS - Microcirculation
Subjects: Male, Sociodemographic Factors, Respiration, Artificial/methods, ARDS, mechanical ventilation, Severity of Illness Index, NO, Settore MED/41 - ANESTESIOLOGIA, 80 and over, Tidal Volume, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Prospective Studies, ddc:610, Developing Countries, Aged, Hospital Mortality/trends, Aged, 80 and over, Developed Countries/statistics & numerical data, Developing Countries/statistics & numerical data, Respiration, Developed Countries, Articles, General Medicine, acute respiratory distress syndrome, Length of Stay, Middle Aged, Respiration, Artificial, Intensive Care Units, Observational Studies as Topic, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data, Artificial, Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data, Income, Female
Abstract: Contains fulltext : 252214.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) BACKGROUND: Geoeconomic variations in epidemiology, the practice of ventilation, and outcome in invasively ventilated intensive care unit (ICU) patients without acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) remain unexplored. In this analysis we aim to address these gaps using individual patient data of four large observational studies. METHODS: In this pooled analysis we harmonised individual patient data from the ERICC, LUNG SAFE, PRoVENT, and PRoVENT-iMiC prospective observational studies, which were conducted from June, 2011, to December, 2018, in 534 ICUs in 54 countries. We used the 2016 World Bank classification to define two geoeconomic regions: middle-income countries (MICs) and high-income countries (HICs). ARDS was defined according to the Berlin criteria. Descriptive statistics were used to compare patients in MICs versus HICs. The primary outcome was the use of low tidal volume ventilation (LTVV) for the first 3 days of mechanical ventilation. Secondary outcomes were key ventilation parameters (tidal volume size, positive end-expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, peak pressure, plateau pressure, driving pressure, and respiratory rate), patient characteristics, the risk for and actual development of acute respiratory distress syndrome after the first day of ventilation, duration of ventilation, ICU length of stay, and ICU mortality. FINDINGS: Of the 7608 patients included in the original studies, this analysis included 3852 patients without ARDS, of whom 2345 were from MICs and 1507 were from HICs. Patients in MICs were younger, shorter and with a slightly lower body-mass index, more often had diabetes and active cancer, but less often chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and heart failure than patients from HICs. Sequential organ failure assessment scores were similar in MICs and HICs. Use of LTVV in MICs and HICs was comparable (42·4% vs 44·2%; absolute difference -1·69 [-9·58 to 6·11] p=0·67; data available in 3174 [82%] of 3852 patients). The median applied positive end expiratory pressure was lower in MICs than in HICs (5 [IQR 5-8] vs 6 [5-8] cm H(2)O; p=0·0011). ICU mortality was higher in MICs than in HICs (30·5% vs 19·9%; p=0·0004; adjusted effect 16·41% [95% CI 9·52-23·52]; p
Published: 2022
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16. Respiratory support in patients with severe COVID-19 in the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) COVID-19 study: a prospective, multinational, observational study

Author: Reyes, Luis Felipe, Murthy, Srinivas, Garcia-Gallo, Esteban, Merson, Laura, Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa, Rello, Jordi, Fuentes, Yuli, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Bozza, Fernando, Duque, Sara, Taccone, Fabio, Fowler, Robert, Kartsonaki, Christiana, Gonçalves, Bronner, Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Aryal, Diptesh, Burhan, Erlina, Cummings, Matthew, Delmas, Christelle, Diaz, Rodrigo, Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia, Hashmi, Madiha, Panda, Prasan Kumar, Jiménez, Miguel Pedrera, Rincon, Diego Fernando Bautista, Thomson, David, Nichol, Alistair, Marshall, John, Olliaro, Piero, Abbas, Ali, Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann, Abe, Ryuzo, Abel, Laurent, Absil, Lara, Acharya, Subhash, Acker, Andrew, Adrião, Diana, Al Ageel, Saleh, Ahmed, Shakeel, Ainscough, Kate, Aisa, Tharwat, Hssain, Ali Ait, Tamlihat, Younes Ait, Akimoto, Takako, Akmal, Ernita, Al Qasim, Eman, Alalqam, Razi, Al-Dabbous, Tala, Alegesan, Senthilkumar, Alegre, Cynthia, Alessi, Marta, Alex, Beatrice, Alexandre, Kévin, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Alfoudri, Huda, Ali, Imran, Shah, Naseem Ali, Alidjnou, Kazali Enagnon, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Alkhafajee, Qabas, Allavena, Clotilde, Allou, Nathalie, Altaf, Aneela, Alves, João, Alves, João Melo, Alves, Rita, Cabrita, Joana Alves, Amaral, Maria, Ampaw, Phoebe, Andini, Roberto, Andréjak, Claire, Angheben, Andrea, Angoulvant, François, Ansart, Séverine, Antonelli, Massimo, de Brito, Carlos Alexandre Antunes, Apriyana, Ardiyan, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Araujo, Carolline, Arcadipane, Antonio, Archambault, Patrick, Arenz, Lukas, Arlet, Jean-Benoît, Arnold-Day, Christel, Arora, Lovkesh, Arora, Rakesh, Artaud-Macari, Elise, Asensio, Angel, Asif, Namra, Asim, Mohammad, Assie, Jean Baptiste, Atique, Anika, Attanyake, A., Auchabie, Johann, Aumaitre, Hugues, Auvet, Adrien, Azemar, Laurène, Azoulay, Cecile, Bach, Benjamin, Bachelet, Delphine, Badr, Claudine, Baig, Nadia, Baillie, J. Kenneth, Bak, Erica, Bakakos, Agamemnon, Bal, Andriy, Balan, Valeria, Bani-Sadr, Firouzé, Barbalho, Renata, Barclay, Wendy, Barnikel, Michaela, Barrasa, Helena, Barrelet, Audrey, Barrigoto, Cleide, Bartoli, Marie, Baruch, Joaquín, Basmaci, Romain, Battaglini, Denise, Bauer, Jules, Dow, Denisse Bazan, Beane, Abigail, Bedossa, Alexandra, Begum, Husna, Behilill, Sylvie, Beishuizen, Albertus, Beljantsev, Aleksandr, Bellemare, David, Beltrame, Anna, Beluze, Marine, Benech, Nicolas, Benkerrou, Dehbia, Bennett, Suzanne, Bento, Luís, Berdal, Jan-Erik, Bergeaud, Delphine, Bergin, Hazel, Sobrino, José Luis Bernal, Bertoli, Giulia, Bertolino, Lorenzo, Bessis, Simon, Bevilcaqua, Sybille, Bezulier, Karine, Bhatt, Amar, Bhavsar, Krishna, Bianco, Claudia, Singh, Moirangthem Bikram, Humaid, Felwa Bin, Bissuel, François, Bitker, Laurent, Bitton, Jonathan, Blanco-Schweizer, Pablo, Blier, Catherine, Bloos, Frank, Blot, Mathieu, Boccia, Filomena, Bodenes, Laetitia, Bogaert, Debby, Boivin, Anne-Hélène, Bolze, Pierre-Adrien, Bompart, François, Borges, Diogo, Borie, Raphaël, Bosse, Hans Martin, Botelho-Nevers, Elisabeth, Bouadma, Lila, Bouchaud, Olivier, Bouchez, Sabelline, Bouhmani, Dounia, Bouhour, Damien, Bouiller, Kévin, Bouillet, Laurence, Bouisse, Camile, Boureau, Anne-Sophie, Bourke, John, Bouscambert, Maude, Bousquet, Aurore, Bouziotis, Jason, Boxma, Bianca, Boyer-Besseyre, Marielle, Boylan, Maria, Braconnier, Axelle, Braga, Cynthia, Brandenburger, Timo, Monteiro, Filipa Brás, Brazzi, Luca, Breen, Dorothy, Breen, Patrick, Brickell, Kathy, Browne, Alex, Browne, Shaunagh, Brusse-Keizer, Marjolein, Buchtele, Nina, Buesaquillo, Christian, Bugaeva, Polina, Buisson, Marielle, Burrell, Aidan, Bustos, Ingrid, Butnaru, Denis, Cabie, André, Cabral, Susana, Caceres, Eder, Cadoz, Cyril, Garcês, Rui Caetano, Calligy, Kate, Calvache, Jose Andres, Camões, João, Campana, Valentine, Campbell, Paul, Canepa, Cecilia, Cantero, Mireia, Caraux-Paz, Pauline, Cárcel, Sheila, Cardellino, Chiara Simona, Cardoso, Filipa, Cardoso, Filipe, Cardoso, Nelson, Cardoso, Sofia, Carelli, Simone, Carlier, Nicolas, Carmoi, Thierry, Carney, Gayle, Carqueja, Inês, Carret, Marie-Christine, Carrier, François Martin, Carroll, Ida, Carson, Gail, Casanova, Maire-Laure, Cascão, Mariana, Casey, Siobhan, Casimiro, José, Cassandra, Bailey, Castañeda, Silvia, Castanheira, Nidyanara, Castor-Alexandre, Guylaine, Castrillón, Henry, Castro, Ivo, Catarino, Ana, Catherine, François-Xavier, Cattaneo, Paolo, Cavalin, Roberta, Cavalli, Giulio Giovanni, Cavayas, Alexandros, Ceccato, Adrian, Cervantes-Gonzalez, Minerva, Chair, Anissa, Chakveatze, Catherine, Chan, Adrienne, Chand, Meera, Auger, Christelle Chantalat, Chapplain, Jean-Marc, Chas, Julie, Chaudry, Mobin, Iñiguez, Jonathan Samuel Chávez, Chen, Anjellica, Chen, Yih-Sharng, Cheng, Matthew Pellan, Cheret, Antoine, Chiarabini, Thibault, Chica, Julian, Chirouze, Catherine, Chiumello, Davide, Cho, Sung-Min, Cholley, Bernard, Chopin, Marie-Charlotte, Cidade, Jose Pedro, Herreros, José Miguel Cisneros, Ciullo, Anna, Clarke, Emma, Clarke, Jennifer, Clohisey, Sara, Cobb, Perren, Codan, Cassidy, Cody, Caitriona, Coelho, Alexandra, Coles, Megan, Colin, Gwenhaël, Collins, Michael, Colombo, Sebastiano Maria, Combs, Pamela, Connor, Marie, Conrad, Anne, Contreras, Sofía, Conway, Elaine, Cooke, Graham, Copland, Mary, Cordel, Hugues, Corley, Amanda, Cornelis, Sabine, Cornet, Alexander Daniel, Corpuz, Arianne Joy, Cortegiani, Andrea, Corvaisier, Grégory, Costigan, Emma, Couffignal, Camille, Couffin-Cadiergues, Sandrine, Courtois, Roxane, Cousse, Stéphanie, Cregan, Rachel, Croonen, Sabine, Crowl, Gloria, Crump, Jonathan, Cruz, Claudina, Bermúdez, Juan Luis Cruz, Rojo, Jaime Cruz, Csete, Marc, Cullen, Ailbhe, Curley, Ger, Curlier, Elodie, Curran, Colleen, Custodio, Paula, da Silva Filipe, Ana, da Silveira, Charlene, Dabaliz, Al-Awwab, Dagens, Andrew, Dahly, Darren, Dalton, Heidi, Dalton, Jo, Daly, Seamus, Damas, Juliana, Daneman, Nick, Daniel, Corinne, Dankwa, Emmanuelle, Dantas, Jorge, D’aragon, Frédérick, de Loughry, Gillian, de Mendoza, Diego, de Montmollin, Etienne, de Oliveira França, Rafael Freitas, de Pinho Oliveira, Ana Isabel, de Rosa, Rosanna, de Silva, Thushan, de Vries, Peter, Deacon, Jillian, Dean, David, Debard, Alexa, Debray, Marie-Pierre, Decastro, Nathalie, Dechert, William, Deconninck, Lauren, Decours, Romain, Defous, Eve, Delacroix, Isabelle, Delaveuve, Eric, Delavigne, Karen, Dell’amore, Andrea, Delobel, Pierre, Delsing, Corine, Demonchy, Elisa, Denis, Emmanuelle, Deplanque, Dominique, Depuydt, Pieter, Descamps, Diane, Desvallées, Mathilde, Dewayanti, Santi, Dhanger, Pathik, Diallo, Alpha, Diamantis, Sylvain, Dias, André, Diaz, Juan Jose, Diaz, Priscila, Didier, Kévin, Diehl, Jean-Luc, Dieperink, Wim, Dimet, Jérôme, Dinot, Vincent, Diop, Fara, Diouf, Alphonsine, Dishon, Yael, Djossou, Félix, Docherty, Annemarie, Doherty, Helen, Dondorp, Arjen, Donnelly, Christl, Donnelly, Maria, Donohue, Chloe, Donohue, Sean, Donohue, Yoann, Doran, Peter, Dorival, Céline, D’ortenzio, Eric, Douglas, James Joshua, Dournon, Nathalie, Downer, Triona, Downey, Joanne, Downing, Mark, Drake, Tom, Driscoll, Aoife, Fonseca, Claudio Duarte, Dubee, Vincent, Dubos, François, Ducancelle, Alexandre, Dudman, Susanne, Dunand, Paul, Dunning, Jake, Duplaix, Mathilde, Durante-Mangoni, Emanuele, Durham, Lucian, Dussol, Bertrand, Duthoit, Juliette, Duval, Xavier, Dyrhol-Riise, Anne Margarita, Echeverria-Villalobos, Marco, Egan, Siobhan, Eira, Carla, Sanharawi, Mohammed El, Elapavaluru, Subbarao, Elharrar, Brigitte, Ellerbroek, Jacobien, Eloy, Philippine, Elshazly, Tarek, Enderle, Isabelle, Endo, Tomoyuki, Engelmann, Ilka, Enouf, Vincent, Epaulard, Olivier, Escher, Martina, Esperatti, Mariano, Esperou, Hélène, Santo, Catarina Espírito, Esposito-Farese, Marina, Estevão, João, Etienne, Manuel, Ettalhaoui, Nadia, Everding, Anna Greti, Evers, Mirjam, Fabre, Isabelle, Fabre, Marc, Faheem, Amna, Fahy, Arabella, Fairfield, Cameron, Fakar, Zul, Fareed, Komal, Faria, Pedro, Farooq, Ahmed, Fatoni, Arie Zainul, Faure, Karine, Favory, Raphaël, Fayed, Mohamed, Feely, Niamh, Feeney, Laura, Fernandes, Jorge, Fernandes, Marília Andreia, Fernandes, Susana, Ferrand, François-Xavier, Devouge, Eglantine Ferrand, Ferrão, Joana, Ferraz, Mário, Ferreira, Benigno, Ferreira, Bernardo, Ferreira, Isabel, Ferreira, Sílvia, Ferrer-Roca, Ricard, Ferriere, Nicolas, Ficko, Céline, Fiorda, Juan, Flament, Thomas, Flateau, Clara, Fletcher, Tom, Florio, Letizia Lucia, Flynn, Deirdre, Foley, Claire, Foley, Jean, Fomin, Victor, Fonseca, Tatiana, Fontela, Patricia, Forsyth, Simon, Foster, Denise, Foti, Giuseppe, Fourn, Erwan, Fraher, Marianne, Franch-Llasat, Diego, Fraser, Christophe, Fraser, John, Freire, Marcela Vieira, Ribeiro, Ana Freitas, French, Craig, Friedrich, Caren, Fry, Stéphanie, Fuentes, Nora, Fukuda, Masahiro, G, Argin, Gaborieau, Valérie, Gaci, Rostane, Gagliardi, Massimo, Gagnard, Jean-Charles, Gagneux-Brunon, Amandine, Gaião, Sérgio, Skeie, Linda Gail, Gallagher, Phil, Gamble, Carrol, Garan, Arthur, Garcia, Rebekha, Barrio, Noelia García, Garimella, Navya, Garot, Denis, Garrait, Valérie, Gauli, Basanta, Gault, Nathalie, Gavin, Aisling, Gavrylov, Anatoliy, Gaymard, Alexandre, Gebauer, Johannes, Geraud, Eva, Morlaes, Louis Gerbaud, Germano, Nuno, Ghosn, Jade, Giani, Marco, Gibson, Jess, Gigante, Tristan, Gilg, Morgane, Gilroy, Elaine, Giordano, Guillermo, Girvan, Michelle, Gissot, Valérie, Glikman, Daniel, Glybochko, Petr, Gnall, Eric, Goco, Geraldine, Goehringer, François, Goepel, Siri, Goffard, Jean-Christophe, Golob, Jonathan, Gómez-Junyent, Joan, Gominet, Marie, Gonzalez, Alicia, Gordon, Patricia, Gorenne, Isabelle, Goubert, Laure, Goujard, Cécile, Goulenok, Tiphaine, Grable, Margarite, Graf, Jeronimo, Grandin, Edward Wilson, Granier, Pascal, Grasselli, Giacomo, Green, Christopher, Greene, Courtney, Greenhalf, William, Greffe, Segolène, Grieco, Domenico Luca, Griffee, Matthew, Griffiths, Fiona, Groenendijk, Albert, Lordemann, Anja Grosse, Gruner, Heidi, Gu, Yusing, Guedj, Jérémie, Guego, Martin, Guellec, Dewi, Guerguerian, Anne-Marie, Guerreiro, Daniela, Guery, Romain, Guillaumot, Anne, Guilleminault, Laurent, de Castro, Maisa Guimarães, Guimard, Thomas, Haalboom, Marieke, Haber, Daniel, Habraken, Hannah, Hachemi, Ali, Hadri, Nadir, Haidri, Fakhir, Hakak, Sheeba, Hall, Adam, Hall, Matthew, Halpin, Sophie, Hameed, Jawad, Hamer, Ansley, Hamidfar, Rebecca, Hammond, Terese, Haniffa, Rashan, Hardwick, Hayley, Harrison, Ewen, Harrison, Janet, Harrison, Samuel Bernard Ekow, Hasan, Mohd Shahnaz, Hashmi, Junaid, Hayat, Muhammad, Hayes, Ailbhe, Hays, Leanne, Heerman, Jan, Heggelund, Lars, Hendry, Ross, Hennessy, Martina, Hentzien, Maxime, Hershey, Andrew, Hesstvedt, Liv, Hidayah, Astarini, Higgins, Dawn, Higgins, Eibhilin, Higgins, Rupert, Hinchion, Rita, Hinton, Samuel, Hitoto, Hikombo, Ho, Antonia, Hoctin, Alexandre, Hoffmann, Isabelle, Hoiting, Oscar, Holt, Rebecca, Holter, Jan Cato, Horby, Peter, Horcajada, Juan Pablo, Hoshino, Koji, Hoshino, Kota, Houas, Ikram, Hough, Catherine, Hsu, Jimmy Ming-Yang, Hulot, Jean-Sébastien, Huo, Stella, Hurd, Abby, Hussain, Iqbal, Ijaz, Samreen, Ikram, Arfan, Illes, Hajnal-Gabriela, Imbert, Patrick, Imran, Mohammad, Sikander, Rana Imran, Imtiaz, Aftab, Inácio, Hugo, Dominguez, Carmen Infante, Ippolito, Mariachiara, Isgett, Sarah, Isidoro, Tiago, Isnard, Margaux, Ivulich, Daniel, Jaafar, Danielle, Jaafoura, Salma, Jabot, Julien, Jackson, Clare, Jamieson, Nina, Jaquet, Pierre, Jaud-Fischer, Coline, Jaureguiberry, Stéphane, Jego, Florence, Jenum, Synne, García, Ruth, Joseph, Cédric, Joseph, Mark, Joshi, Swosti, Jourdain, Mercé, Jouvet, Philippe, Jung, Anna, Juzar, Dafsah, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kali, Sabina, Kalomoiri, Smaragdi, Kandamby, Darshana Hewa, Kandel, Chris, Kanwal, Darakhshan, Kataria, Anant, Katz, Kevin, Kay, Christy, Keane, Hannah, Keating, Seán, Kelly, Andrea, Kelly, Aoife, Kelly, Claire, Kelly, Niamh, Kelly, Sadie, Kelly, Yvelynne, Kelsey, Maeve, Kennon, Kalynn, Kernan, Maeve, Kerroumi, Younes, Keshav, Sharma, Khalid, Imrana, Khalid, Osama, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Coralie, Khan, Irfan, Khan, Quratul Ain, Khanal, Sushil, Khatak, Abid, Khawaja, Amin, Kho, Michelle, Khoo, Saye, Khoso, Nasir, Kida, Yuri, Kiiza, Peter, Granerud, Beathe Kiland, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Kimmoun, Antoine, Kindgen-Milles, Detlef, Kitamura, Nobuya, Klenerman, Paul, Klont, Rob, Bekken, Gry Kloumann, Knight, Stephen, Kobbe, Robin, Kodippily, Chamira, Vasconcelos, Malte Kohns, Koirala, Sabin, Kosgei, Caroline, Kpangon, Arsène, Krawczyk, Karolina, Kruglova, Oksana, Kumar, Deepali, Kumar, Mukesh, Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kuriakose, Dinesh, Kurtzman, Ethan, Kutsogiannis, Demetrios, Kutsyna, Galyna, Kyriakoulis, Konstantinos, Lachatre, Marie, Lacoste, Marie, Laffey, John, Lagrange, Marie, Laine, Fabrice, Lairez, Olivier, Lakhey, Sanjay, Lalueza, Antonio, Lambert, Marc, Lamontagne, François, Langelot-Richard, Marie, Langlois, Vincent, Lantang, Eka Yudha, Lanza, Marina, Laouénan, Cédric, Laribi, Samira, Lariviere, Delphine, Lasry, Stéphane, Latif, Naveed, Launay, Odile, Laureillard, Didier, Lavie-Badie, Yoan, Law, Andrew, Lawrence, Cassie, Lawrence, Teresa, Le, Minh, Le Bihan, Clément, Le Bris, Cyril, Le Falher, Georges, Le Fevre, Lucie, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Maréchal, Marion, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Moal, Gwenaël, Le Moing, Vincent, Le Nagard, Hervé, Le Turnier, Paul, Leal, Ema, Santos, Marta Leal, Lee, James, Lee, Jennifer, Lee, Su Hwan, Lee, Todd, Leeming, Gary, Lefebvre, Bénédicte, Lefebvre, Laurent, Lefèvre, Benjamin, Legac, Sylvie, Lelievre, Jean-Daniel, Lellouche, François, Lemaignen, Adrien, Lemee, Véronique, Lemeur, Anthony, Lemmink, Gretchen, Lennon, Jenny, León, Rafael, Leone, Marc, Leone, Michela, Lescure, François-Xavier, Lesens, Olivier, Lesouhaitier, Mathieu, Lester-Grant, Amy, Levy, Bruno, Levy, Yves, Levy-Marchal, Claire, Lewandowska, Katarzyna, L’her, Erwan, Bassi, Gianluigi Li, Liaquat, Ali, Liegeon, Geoffrey, Lim, Wei Shen, Lima, Chantre, Lina, Bruno, Lind, Andreas, Lingas, Guillaume, Lion-Daolio, Sylvie, Liu, Keibun, Livrozet, Marine, Lizotte, Patricia, Loforte, Antonio, Lolong, Navy, Lopes, Diogo, Loschner, Anthony, Loubet, Paul, Loufti, Bouchra, Louis, Guillame, Lourenco, Silvia, Lovelace-Macon, Lara, Lowik, Marije, Lucet, Jean Christophe, Bermejo, Carlos Lumbreras, Luna, Carlos, Luong, Liem, Luque, Nestor, Luton, Dominique, Lwin, Nilar, Lyons, Ruth, Maasikas, Olavi, Mabiala, Oryane, Machado, Moïse, Machado, Sara, Macheda, Gabriel, Madiha, Hashmi, de la Calle, Guillermo Maestro, Mahieu, Rafael, Mahy, Sophie, Maia, Ana Raquel, Maier, Lars, Maillet, Mylène, Maitre, Thomas, Malfertheiner, Maximilian, Malik, Nadia, Mallon, Paddy, Maltez, Fernando, Malvy, Denis, Manda, Victoria, Mandelbrot, Laurent, Mankikian, Julie, Manning, Edmund, Manuel, Aldric, Sant, Ceila Maria, Malaque, Ana, Marino, Daniel, Marino, Flávio, Markowicz, Samuel, Marques, Ana, Marquis, Catherine, Marsh, Brian, Marsh, Laura, Marshal, Megan, Martelli, Celina Turchi, Martin, Emily, Martin-Blondel, Guillaume, Martinot, Martin, Martins, Ana, Martins, João, Martins, Nuno, Rego, Caroline Martins, Martucci, Gennaro, Martynenko, Olga, Marwali, Eva Miranda, Maslove, David, Mason, Sabina, Masood, Sobia, Nor, Basri Mat, Matan, Moshe, Mathew, Meghena, Mathieu, Daniel, Mattei, Mathieu, Matulevics, Romans, Maulin, Laurence, Maxwell, Michael, Maynar, Javier, Mazzoni, Thierry, Mc Evoy, Natalie, Mc Sweeney, Lisa, Mcarthur, Colin, Mccarthy, Aine, Mccarthy, Anne, Mccloskey, Colin, Mcconnochie, Rachael, Mcdermott, Sherry, Mcdonald, Sarah, Mcelroy, Aine, Mcelwee, Samuel, Mceneany, Victoria, Mcgeer, Allison, Mckay, Chris, Mckeown, Johnny, Mclean, Kenneth, Mcnally, Paul, Mcnicholas, Bairbre, Mcpartlan, Elaine, Meaney, Edel, Mear-Passard, Cécile, Mechlin, Maggie, Atif, Minahel, Meher, Maqsood, Mele, Ferruccio, Melo, Luis, Memon, Kashif, Mendes, Joao Joao, Menkiti, Ogechukwu, Menon, Kusum, Mentré, France, Mentzer, Alexander, Mercier, Emmanuelle, Mercier, Noémie, Merckx, Antoine, Mergeay-Fabre, Mayka, Mergler, Blake, Mesquita, António, Metwally, Osama, Meybeck, Agnès, Meyer, Dan, Meynert, Alison, Meysonnier, Vanina, Meziane, Amina, Mezidi, Mehdi, Michelanglei, Céline, Michelet, Isabelle, Mihnovit, Vladislav, Moin, Asma, Molina, David, Molinos, Elena, Molloy, Brenda, Mone, Mary, Monteiro, Agostinho, Montes, Claudia, Montrucchio, Giorgia, Moore, Sarah, Moore, Shona, Cely, Lina Morales, Moro, Lucia, Motherway, Catherine, Motos, Ana, Mouquet, Hugo, Perrot, Clara Mouton, Moyet, Julien, Mufti, Aisha Kalsoom, Mullaert, Jimmy, Müller, Fredrik, Müller, Karl Erik, Munblit, Daniel, Muneeb, Syed, Munir, Nadeem, Murphy, Aisling, Murphy, Lorna, Murris, Marlène, Musaab, Himed, Muvindi, Himasha, Myrodia, Dimitra Melia, Mohd-Hanafiah, Farah Nadia, Nagpal, Dave, Nagrebetsky, Alex, Narayanan, Nageswaran, Khan, Rashid Nasim, Nazerali-Maitland, Alasdair, Neant, Nadège, Nekliudov, Nikita, Neto, Raul, Neumann, Emily, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Nghi, Anthony, Nguyen, Duc, Choileain, Orna Ni, Leathlobhair, Niamh Ni, Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Nonas, Stephanie, Noret, Marion, Norman, Lisa, Notari, Alessandra, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Nowinski, Adam, Nseir, Saad, Nunez, Jose, Nurnaningsih, Nurnaningsih, Nyamankolly, Elsa, Brien, Fionnuala, Callaghan, Annmarie, O’callaghan, Annmarie, Occhipinti, Giovanna, Oconnor, Derbrenn, O’donnell, Max, Ogston, Tawnya, Ogura, Takayuki, O’halloran, Sophie, O’hearn, Katie, Oliveira, João, Oliveira, Larissa, Ong, David, Oosthuyzen, Wilna, Opavsky, Anne, Openshaw, Peter, Orakzai, Saijad, Orozco-Chamorro, Claudia Milena, Ortoleva, Jamel, Osatnik, Javier, O’shea, Linda, O’sullivan, Miriam, Ouamara, Nadia, Ouissa, Rachida, Oziol, Eric, Pagadoy, Maïder, Pages, Justine, Palacios, Amanda, Palacios, Mario, Palmarini, Massimo, Panarello, Giovanna, Paneru, Hem, Panigada, Mauro, Pansu, Nathalie, Papadopoulos, Aurélie, Parke, Rachael, Parker, Melissa, Parra, Briseida, Pasha, Taha, Pasquier, Jérémie, Pastene, Bruno, Patauner, Fabian, Patrão, Luís, Patricio, Patricia, Patrier, Juliette, Patterson, Lisa, Pattnaik, Rajyabardhan, Paul, Christelle, Paul, Mical, Paulos, Jorge, Paxton, William, Payen, Jean-François, Peelman, Florent, Peiffer-Smadja, Nathan, Peigne, Vincent, Pejkovska, Mare, Pelosi, Paolo, Peltan, Ithan, Pereira, Rui, Perez, Daniel, Periel, Luis, Perpoint, Thomas, Pesenti, Antonio, Pestre, Vincent, Petrou, Lenka, Petrovic, Michele, Petrov-Sanchez, Ventzislava, Pettersen, Frank Olav, Peytavin, Gilles, Pharand, Scott, Picard, Walter, Picone, Olivier, Pierobon, Carola, Piersma, Djura, Pimentel, Carlos, Pinto, Raquel, Pires, Catarina, Pironneau, Isabelle, Piroth, Lionel, Pius, Riinu, Plantier, Laurent, Poissy, Julien, Pokeerbux, Ryadh, Poli, Sergio, Pollakis, Georgios, Ponscarme, Diane, Post, Andra-Maris, Postma, Douwe, Povoa, Pedro, Póvoas, Diana, Powis, Jeff, Prapa, Sofia, Preau, Sébastien, Prebensen, Christian, Preiser, Jean-Charles, Prinssen, Anton, Pritchard, Mark, Priyadarshani, Gamage Dona Dilanthi, Proença, Lucia, Pudota, Sravya, Puéchal, Oriane, Semedi, Bambang Pujo, Pulicken, Mathew, Purcell, Gregory, Quesada, Luisa, Quinones-Cardona, Vilmaris, González, Víctor Quirós, Quist-Paulsen, Else, Quraishi, Mohammed, Rabaud, Christian, Rabindrarajan, Ebenezer, Rafael, Aldo, Rafiq, Marie, Rahutullah, Arsalan, Rainieri, Fernando, Ramachandran, Pratheema, Ramakrishnan, Nagarajan, Ramalho, José, Rammaert, Blandine, Ramos, Grazielle Viana, Rana, Asim, Rangappa, Rajavardhan, Ranjan, Ritika, Rapp, Christophe, Rashan, Aasiyah, Rashan, Thalha, Rasheed, Ghulam, Rasmin, Menaldi, Rätsep, Indrek, Rau, Cornelius, Raza, Ali, Real, Andre, Rebaudet, Stanislas, Redl, Sarah, Reeve, Brenda, Rehman, Attaur, Reid, Liadain, Reikvam, Dag Henrik, Reis, Renato, Remppis, Jonathan, Remy, Martine, Ren, Hongru, Renk, Hanna, Resseguier, Anne-Sophie, Revest, Matthieu, Rewa, Oleksa, Reyes, Tiago, 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Silva, Catarina, Silva, Maria Joao, Silva, Rogério, Sin, Wai Ching, Singh, Budha Charan, Singh, Punam, Sitompul, Pompini Agustina, Skogen, Vegard, Smith, Sue, Smood, Benjamin, Smyth, Coilin, Smyth, Michelle, Snacken, Morgane, So, Dominic, Solomon, Joshua, Solomon, Tom, Somers, Emily, Sommet, Agnès, Song, Myung Jin, Song, Rima, Song, Tae, Chia, Jack Song, Sotto, Albert, Soum, Edouard, Sousa, Ana Chora, Sousa, Marta, Uva, Maria Sousa, Sperry, Alexandra, Spinuzza, Elisabetta, Darshana, B., Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stabler, Sarah, Staudinger, Thomas, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Stienstra, Ymkje, Stiksrud, Birgitte, Stolz, Eva, Stone, Amy, Streinu-Cercel, Adrian, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Stuart, Ami, Stuart, David, Suen, Gabriel, Suen, Jacky, Sultana, Asfia, Summers, Charlotte, Supic, Dubravka, Surovcová, Magdalena, Svistunov, Andrey, Syrigos, Konstantinos, Sztajnbok, Jaques, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Tabrizi, Shirin, Tagherset, Lysa, Taleb, Sara, Talsma, Jelmer, Tampubolon, Maria Lawrensia, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Taqdees, Huda, Taqi, Arshad, Tardivon, Coralie, Tattevin, Pierre, Taufik, M. Azhari, Tawfik, Hassan, Tedder, Richard, Teixeira, João, Tejada, Sofia, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Téoulé, François, Terpstra, Pleun, Terrier, Olivier, Terzi, Nicolas, Tessier-Grenier, Hubert, Tey, Adrian, Thakur, Anand, Thibault, Vincent, Thiberville, Simon-Djamel, Thill, Benoît, Thompson, Shaun, Thomson, Emma, Thwaites, Ryan, Tierney, Paul, Tieroshyn, Vadim, Timashev, Peter, Timsit, Jean-François, Tissot, Noémie, Toki, Maria, Tonby, Kristian, Torre, Marta, Torres, Antoni, Torres, Margarida, Torres-Zevallos, Hernando, Towers, Michael, Trapani, Tony, Treoux, Théo, Tromeur, Cécile, Trontzas, Ioannis, Trouillon, Tiffany, Truong, Jeanne, Tual, Christelle, Tubiana, Sarah, Tuite, Helen, Turmel, Jean-Marie, Turtle, Lance, Twardowski, Pawel, Uchiyama, Makoto, Udayanga, P., Udy, Andrew, Ullrich, Roman, Uribe, Alberto, Usman, Asad, Uyeki, Timothy, Vajdovics, Cristinava, Val-Flores, Luís, Valran, Amélie, van de Velde, Stijn, van den Berge, Marcel, van der Palen, Job, van der Valk, Paul, van der Vekens, Nicky, van der Voort, Peter, van der Werf, Sylvie, van Gulik, Laura, van Hattem, Jarne, van Netten, Carolien, van Veen, Ilonka, Vanel, Noémie, Vanoverschelde, Henk, Varghese, Pooja, Vauchy, Charline, Veislinger, Aurélie, Vencken, Sebastian, Ventura, Sara, Verbon, Annelies, Vickers, James, Vidal, José Ernesto, Vieira, César, Vijayan, Deepak, Villanueva, Joy Ann, Villar, Judit, Villeneuve, Pierre-Marc, Villoldo, Andrea, Visseaux, Benoit, Visser, Hannah, Vitiello, Chiara, Vonkeman, Harald, Vuotto, Fanny, Shukeri, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd, Wang, Chih-Hsien, Webb, Steve, Wei, Jia, Weil, Katharina, Wesselius, Sanne, West, T. Eoin, Wham, Murray, Whelan, Bryan, White, Nicole, Wicky, Paul Henri, Wiedemann, Aurélie, Wijaya, Surya Otto, Wille, Keith, Willems, Suzette, Williams, Virginie, Wils, Evert-Jan, Yiu, Ng Wing, Wong, Calvin, Xynogalas, Ioannis, Yamazaki, Masaki, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Yelnik, Cécile, Yerkovich, Stephanie, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Yonis, Hodane, Yousif, Obada, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Zaaqoq, Akram, Zabbe, Marion, Zahran, Maram, Zambon, Maria, Zanella, Alberto, Zayyad, Hiba, Zoufaly, Alexander, Zucman, David, University of Oxford, University of La Sabana = Universitad de la Sabana, ARN régulateurs bactériens et médecine (BRM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), This work was supported by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office and Wellcome [215091/Z/18/Z] and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135], CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity OV2170359, Grants from Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research (RECOVER) [H2020 Project 101003589] and European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (ECRAID) [965313], The Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, The Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, and Endorsed by the Irish Critical Care-Clinical Trials Group, co-ordinated in Ireland by the Irish Critical Care-Clinical Trials Network at University College Dublin and funded by the Health Research Board of Ireland [CTN-2014-12]. This work uses Data/Materials provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support #DataSavesLives. The Data/materials used for this research were obtained from ISARIC4C. The COVID-19 Clinical Information Network (CO-CIN) data was collated by ISARIC4C Investigators. Data and Material provision were supported by grants from: the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR, award CO-CIN-01), the Medical Research Council (MRC, Grant MC_PC_19059), and the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at the University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), (Award 200907), Wellcome Trust [Turtle, Lance-fellowship 205228/Z/16/Z], NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (Award 200927), Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (Grant C18616/A25153), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (Award IS-BRC-1215-20013), and NIHR Clinical Research Network providing infrastructure support. This work was possible due to the dedication and hard work of the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study team and supported by grants from Research Council of Norway Grant No. 312780 and a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner, The dedication and hard work of the Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team, and supported by the Groote Schuur nursing and University of Cape Town registrar bodies coordinated by the Division of Critical Care at the University of Cape Town, and supported by the COVID clinical management team, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India., European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), Reyes, Luis Felipe, Murthy, Sriniva, Garcia-Gallo, Esteban, Merson, Laura, Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D., Rello, Jordi, Fuentes, Yuli V., Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Bozza, Fernando, Duque, Sara, Taccone, Fabio S., Fowler, Robert A., Kartsonaki, Christiana, Gonçalves, Bronner P., Citarella, Barbara Wanjiru, Aryal, Diptesh, Burhan, Erlina, Cummings, Matthew J., Delmas, Christelle, Diaz, Rodrigo, Figueiredo-Mello, Claudia, Hashmi, Madiha, Panda, Prasan Kumar, Jiménez, Miguel Pedrera, Rincon, Diego Fernando Bautista, Thomson, David, Nichol, Alistair, Marshall, John C., Olliaro, Piero L., Abbas, Ali, Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann, Abe, Ryuzo, Abel, Laurent, Absil, Lara, Acharya, Subhash, Acker, Andrew, Adrião, Diana, Al Ageel, Saleh, Ahmed, Shakeel, Ainscough, Kate, Aisa, Tharwat, Hssain, Ali Ait, Tamlihat, Younes Ait, Akimoto, Takako, Akmal, Ernita, Al Qasim, Eman, Alalqam, Razi, Al-dabbous, Tala, Alegesan, Senthilkumar, Alegre, Cynthia, Alessi, Marta, Alex, Beatrice, Alexandre, Kévin, Al-Fares, Abdulrahman, Alfoudri, Huda, Ali, Imran, Shah, Naseem Ali, Alidjnou, Kazali Enagnon, Aliudin, Jeffrey, Alkhafajee, Qaba, Allavena, Clotilde, Allou, Nathalie, Altaf, Aneela, Alves, João, Alves, João Melo, Alves, Rita, Cabrita, Joana Alve, Amaral, Maria, Ampaw, Phoebe, Andini, Roberto, Andréjak, Claire, Angheben, Andrea, Angoulvant, Françoi, Ansart, Séverine, Antonelli, Massimo, de Brito, Carlos Alexandre Antune, Apriyana, Ardiyan, Arabi, Yaseen, Aragao, Irene, Araujo, Carolline, Arcadipane, Antonio, Archambault, Patrick, Arenz, Luka, Arlet, Jean-Benoît, Arnold-Day, Christel, Arora, Lovkesh, Arora, Rakesh, Artaud-Macari, Elise, Asensio, Angel, Asif, Namra, Asim, Mohammad, Assie, Jean Baptiste, Atique, Anika, Attanyake, A. 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Jorge, Joseph, Cédric, Joseph, Mark, Joshi, Swosti, Jourdain, Mercé, Jouvet, Philippe, Jung, Anna, Juzar, Dafsah, Kafif, Ouifiya, Kaguelidou, Florentia, Kali, Sabina, Kalomoiri, Smaragdi, Kandamby, Darshana Hewa, Kandel, Chri, Kanwal, Darakhshan, Kataria, Anant, Katz, Kevin, Kay, Christy, Keane, Hannah, Keating, Seán, Kelly, Andrea, Kelly, Aoife, Kelly, Claire, Kelly, Niamh, Kelly, Sadie, Kelly, Yvelynne, Kelsey, Maeve, Kennon, Kalynn, Kernan, Maeve, Kerroumi, Youne, Keshav, Sharma, Khalid, Imrana, Khalid, Osama, Khalil, Antoine, Khan, Coralie, Khan, Irfan, Khan, Quratul Ain, Khanal, Sushil, Khatak, Abid, Khawaja, Amin, Kho, Michelle E., Khoo, Saye, Khoso, Nasir, Kida, Yuri, Kiiza, Peter, Granerud, Beathe Kiland, Kildal, Anders Benjamin, Kimmoun, Antoine, Kindgen-Milles, Detlef, Kitamura, Nobuya, Klenerman, Paul, Klont, Rob, Bekken, Gry Kloumann, Knight, Stephen R., Kobbe, Robin, Kodippily, Chamira, Vasconcelos, Malte Kohn, Koirala, Sabin, Kosgei, Caroline, Kpangon, Arsène, Krawczyk, Karolina, Kruglova, Oksana, Kumar, Deepali, Kumar, Mukesh, Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi, Vecham, Pavan Kumar, Kuriakose, Dinesh, Kurtzman, Ethan, Kutsogiannis, Demetrio, Kutsyna, Galyna, Kyriakoulis, Konstantino, Lachatre, Marie, Lacoste, Marie, Laffey, John G., Lagrange, Marie, Laine, Fabrice, Lairez, Olivier, Lakhey, Sanjay, Lalueza, Antonio, Lambert, Marc, Lamontagne, Françoi, Langelot-Richard, Marie, Langlois, Vincent, Lantang, Eka Yudha, Lanza, Marina, Laouénan, Cédric, Laribi, Samira, Lariviere, Delphine, Lasry, Stéphane, Latif, Naveed, Launay, Odile, Laureillard, Didier, Lavie-Badie, Yoan, Law, Andrew, Lawrence, Cassie, Lawrence, Teresa, Le, Minh, Le Bihan, Clément, Le Bris, Cyril, Le Falher, George, Le Fevre, Lucie, Le Hingrat, Quentin, Le Maréchal, Marion, Le Mestre, Soizic, Le Moal, Gwenaël, Le Moing, Vincent, Le Nagard, Hervé, Le Turnier, Paul, Leal, Ema, Santos, Marta Leal, Lee, Jame, Lee, Jennifer, Lee, Su Hwan, Lee, Todd C., Leeming, Gary, Lefebvre, 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Hugo, Perrot, Clara Mouton, Moyet, Julien, Mufti, Aisha Kalsoom, Mullaert, Jimmy, Müller, Fredrik, Müller, Karl Erik, Munblit, Daniel, Muneeb, Syed, Munir, Nadeem, Murphy, Aisling, Murphy, Lorna, Murris, Marlène, Musaab, Himed, Muvindi, Himasha, Myrodia, Dimitra Melia, Mohd-Hanafiah, Farah Nadia, Nagpal, Dave, Nagrebetsky, Alex, Narayanan, Nageswaran, Khan, Rashid Nasim, Nazerali-Maitland, Alasdair, Neant, Nadège, Nekliudov, Nikita, Neto, Raul, Neumann, Emily, Ng, Pauline Yeung, Nghi, Anthony, Nguyen, Duc, Choileain, Orna Ni, Leathlobhair, Niamh Ni, Nitayavardhana, Prompak, Nonas, Stephanie, Noret, Marion, Norman, Lisa, Notari, Alessandra, Noursadeghi, Mahdad, Nowinski, Adam, Nseir, Saad, Nunez, Jose I., Nurnaningsih, Nurnaningsih, Nyamankolly, Elsa, Brien, Fionnuala O., Callaghan, Annmarie O., O’Callaghan, Annmarie, Occhipinti, Giovanna, OConnor, Derbrenn, O’Donnell, Max, Ogston, Tawnya, Ogura, Takayuki, O’Halloran, Sophie, O’Hearn, Katie, Oliveira, João, Oliveira, Larissa, Ong, David S. 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P. Sanka Ruwan Sri, Sriskandan, Shiranee, Stabler, Sarah, Staudinger, Thoma, Stecher, Stephanie-Susanne, Stienstra, Ymkje, Stiksrud, Birgitte, Stolz, Eva, Stone, Amy, Streinu-Cercel, Adrian, Streinu-Cercel, Anca, Stuart, Ami, Stuart, David, Suen, Gabriel, Suen, Jacky Y., Sultana, Asfia, Summers, Charlotte, Supic, Dubravka, Surovcová, Magdalena, Svistunov, Andrey, Syrigos, Konstantino, Sztajnbok, Jaque, Szuldrzynski, Konstanty, Tabrizi, Shirin, Tagherset, Lysa, Taleb, Sara, Talsma, Jelmer, Tampubolon, Maria Lawrensia, Tanaka, Hiroyuki, Taqdees, Huda, Taqi, Arshad, Tardivon, Coralie, Tattevin, Pierre, Taufik, M. Azhari, Tawfik, Hassan, Tedder, Richard S., Teixeira, João, Tejada, Sofia, Tellier, Marie-Capucine, Téoulé, Françoi, Terpstra, Pleun, Terrier, Olivier, Terzi, Nicola, Tessier-Grenier, Hubert, Tey, Adrian, Thakur, Anand, Thibault, Vincent, Thiberville, Simon-Djamel, Thill, Benoît, Thompson, Shaun, Thomson, Emma C., Thwaites, Ryan S., Tierney, Paul, Tieroshyn, Vadim, Timashev, Peter S., Timsit, Jean-Françoi, Tissot, Noémie, Toki, Maria, Tonby, Kristian, Torre, Marta, Torres, Antoni, Torres, Margarida, Torres-Zevallos, Hernando, Towers, Michael, Trapani, Tony, Treoux, Théo, Tromeur, Cécile, Trontzas, Ioanni, Trouillon, Tiffany, Truong, Jeanne, Tual, Christelle, Tubiana, Sarah, Tuite, Helen, Turmel, Jean-Marie, Turtle, Lance C. W., Twardowski, Pawel, Uchiyama, Makoto, Udayanga, P. G. Ishara, Udy, Andrew, Ullrich, Roman, Uribe, Alberto, Usman, Asad, Uyeki, Timothy M., Vajdovics, Cristinava, Val-Flores, Luí, Valran, Amélie, Van de Velde, Stijn, van den Berge, Marcel, van der Palen, Job, van der Valk, Paul, Van Der Vekens, Nicky, Van der Voort, Peter, Van Der Werf, Sylvie, van Gulik, Laura, Van Hattem, Jarne, van Netten, Carolien, van Veen, Ilonka, Vanel, Noémie, Vanoverschelde, Henk, Varghese, Pooja, Vauchy, Charline, Veislinger, Aurélie, Vencken, Sebastian, Ventura, Sara, Verbon, Annelie, Vickers, Jame, Vidal, José Ernesto, Vieira, César, Vijayan, Deepak, Villanueva, Joy Ann, Villar, Judit, Villeneuve, Pierre-Marc, Villoldo, Andrea, Visseaux, Benoit, Visser, Hannah, Vitiello, Chiara, Vonkeman, Harald, Vuotto, Fanny, Shukeri, Wan Fadzlina Wan Muhd, Wang, Chih-Hsien, Webb, Steve, Wei, Jia, Weil, Katharina, Wesselius, Sanne, West, T. Eoin, Wham, Murray, Whelan, Bryan, White, Nicole, Wicky, Paul Henri, Wiedemann, Aurélie, Wijaya, Surya Otto, Wille, Keith, Willems, Suzette, Williams, Virginie, Wils, Evert-Jan, Yiu, Ng Wing, Wong, Calvin, Xynogalas, Ioanni, Yamazaki, Masaki, Yazdanpanah, Yazdan, Yelnik, Cécile, Yerkovich, Stephanie, Yokoyama, Toshiki, Yonis, Hodane, Yousif, Obada, Yuliarto, Saptadi, Zaaqoq, Akram, Zabbe, Marion, Zahran, Maram, Zambon, Maria, Zanella, Alberto, Zayyad, Hiba, Zoufaly, Alexander, Zucman, David, Group, ISARIC Characterization, Intensive Care Medicine, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Ibáñez-Prada, Elsa D, Fuentes, Yuli V, Taccone, Fabio S, Fowler, Robert A, Gonçalves, Bronner P, Cummings, Matthew J, Marshall, John C, Olliaro, Piero L, Institut Català de la Salut, [Reyes LF] Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. Infectious Diseases Department, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia. Critical Care Department, Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia. [Murthy S] Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. [Garcia-Gallo E] Infectious Diseases Department, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia. [Merson L] Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK. [Ibáñez-Prada ED] Infectious Diseases Department, Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia. Critical Care Department, Clínica Universidad de La Sabana, Chía, Colombia. [Rello J] Grup de Recerca Clínica/Innovació en la Pneumònia i Sèpsia (CRIPS), Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain. Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: enfermedades respiratorias::trastornos respiratorios::insuficiencia respiratoria [ENFERMEDADES], COVID-19, Critical care, High flow nasal cannula, Invasive mechanical ventilation, Respiració artificial, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, COVID-19 (Malaltia) - Tractament, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Humans, Prospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Tachypnea, Respiratory Insufficiency, virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus [ENFERMEDADES], Otros calificadores::/terapia [Otros calificadores], Insuficiència respiratòria - Tractament, Therapeutics::Therapeutics::Respiratory Therapy::Respiration, Artificial::Noninvasive Ventilation [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [DISEASES], Other subheadings::/therapy [Other subheadings], terapéutica::terapéutica::terapia respiratoria::respiración artificial::ventilación no invasiva [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS], Respiratory Tract Diseases::Respiration Disorders::Respiratory Insufficiency [DISEASES], Prospective Studie, Human
Abstract: Invasive mechanical ventilation; COVID-19; Critical care Ventilación mecánica invasiva; COVID-19; Cuidado crítico Ventilació mecànica invasiva; COVID-19; Atenció crítica Background Up to 30% of hospitalised patients with COVID-19 require advanced respiratory support, including high-flow nasal cannulas (HFNC), non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIV), or invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics, outcomes and risk factors for failing non-invasive respiratory support in patients treated with severe COVID-19 during the first two years of the pandemic in high-income countries (HICs) and low middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This is a multinational, multicentre, prospective cohort study embedded in the ISARIC-WHO COVID-19 Clinical Characterisation Protocol. Patients with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospital admission were recruited prospectively. Patients treated with HFNC, NIV, or IMV within the first 24 h of hospital admission were included in this study. Descriptive statistics, random forest, and logistic regression analyses were used to describe clinical characteristics and compare clinical outcomes among patients treated with the different types of advanced respiratory support. Results A total of 66,565 patients were included in this study. Overall, 82.6% of patients were treated in HIC, and 40.6% were admitted to the hospital during the first pandemic wave. During the first 24 h after hospital admission, patients in HICs were more frequently treated with HFNC (48.0%), followed by NIV (38.6%) and IMV (13.4%). In contrast, patients admitted in lower- and middle-income countries (LMICs) were less frequently treated with HFNC (16.1%) and the majority received IMV (59.1%). The failure rate of non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. HFNC or NIV) was 15.5%, of which 71.2% were from HIC and 28.8% from LMIC. The variables most strongly associated with non-invasive ventilation failure, defined as progression to IMV, were high leukocyte counts at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 5.86 [4.83–7.10]), treatment in an LMIC (OR [95%CI]; 2.04 [1.97–2.11]), and tachypnoea at hospital admission (OR [95%CI]; 1.16 [1.14–1.18]). Patients who failed HFNC/NIV had a higher 28-day fatality ratio (OR [95%CI]; 1.27 [1.25–1.30]). Conclusions In the present international cohort, the most frequently used advanced respiratory support was the HFNC. However, IMV was used more often in LMIC. Higher leucocyte count, tachypnoea, and treatment in LMIC were risk factors for HFNC/NIV failure. HFNC/NIV failure was related to worse clinical outcomes, such as 28-day mortality. This work was supported by the UK Foreign, Commonwealth, and Development Office and Wellcome [215091/Z/18/Z] and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation [OPP1209135]; CIHR Coronavirus Rapid Research Funding Opportunity OV2170359; Grants from Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research (RECOVER) [H2020 Project 101003589] and European Clinical Research Alliance on Infectious Diseases (ECRAID) [965313]; The Imperial NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; The Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre; and Endorsed by the Irish Critical Care-Clinical Trials Group, co-ordinated in Ireland by the Irish Critical Care-Clinical Trials Network at University College Dublin and funded by the Health Research Board of Ireland [CTN-2014-12]. This work uses Data/Materials provided by patients and collected by the NHS as part of their care and support #DataSavesLives. The Data/materials used for this research were obtained from ISARIC4C. The COVID-19 Clinical Information Network (CO-CIN) data was collated by ISARIC4C Investigators. Data and Material provision were supported by grants from: the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR; award CO-CIN-01), the Medical Research Council (MRC; Grant MC_PC_19059), and the NIHR Health Protection Research Unit (HPRU) in Emerging and Zoonotic Infections at the University of Liverpool in partnership with Public Health England (PHE), (Award 200907), Wellcome Trust [Turtle, Lance-fellowship 205228/Z/16/Z], NIHR HPRU in Respiratory Infections at Imperial College London with PHE (Award 200927), Liverpool Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre (Grant C18616/A25153), NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Imperial College London (Award IS-BRC-1215-20013), and NIHR Clinical Research Network providing infrastructure support. This work was possible due to the dedication and hard work of the Norwegian SARS-CoV-2 study team and supported by grants from Research Council of Norway Grant No. 312780 and a philanthropic donation from Vivaldi Invest A/S owned by Jon Stephenson von Tetzchner; The dedication and hard work of the Groote Schuur Hospital Covid ICU Team, and supported by the Groote Schuur nursing and University of Cape Town registrar bodies coordinated by the Division of Critical Care at the University of Cape Town; and supported by the COVID clinical management team, AIIMS, Rishikesh, India.
Published: 2022
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17. Aksesuar yolu bulunan geniş ölçekli bir kohortun karakteristikleri: Yirmi yılı aşkın deneyimi vurgulayan retrospektif kesitsel bir çalışma

Author: Veysel Kutay Vurgun, Suat Görmel, Salim Yaşar, Yalçın Gökoğlan, Baris Bugan, Basri Amasyali, Serkan Asil, Uygar Cagdas Yuksel, Erhan Bozkurt, Hasan Kutsi Kabul, Serdar Fırtına, Sedat Kose, Cem Barçın, Murat Celik, Erkan Yildirim, Hatice Tolunay, and Bozkurt, Erhan
Subjects: Male, Turkey, medicine.medical_treatment, Accessory conducting pathways, Accessory pathway, Atrioventricular Pathways, Cohort Studies, Tachycardia, Medicine, Child, Internal medicine, Aged, 80 and over, education.field_of_study, Patient, Middle Aged, Era, Supraventricular tachycardia, supraventricular tachycardia, Child, Preschool, Cohort, preexcitation syndrome, Catheter Ablation, Cardiology, Female, Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac, Aksesuar iletim yolakları, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Population, Young, Catheter ablation, Asymptomatic Patients, Cardiac-Arrhythmias, Parkinson-White-Syndrome, Insights, Preexcitation syndrome, Young Adult, Humans, Tachycardia, Atrioventricular Nodal Reentry, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, education, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Preeksitasyon sendromu, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Retrospective cohort study, medicine.disease, RC31-1245, Atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia, Cross-Sectional Studies, RC666-701, Supraventriküler taşikardi, Total success rate, business
Abstract: Objective: Catheter ablation following electrophysiologic study (EPS) is the mainstay of diagnosis and treatment for patients with atrioventricular reentrant tachycardia (AVRT), demonstrating excellent long-term outcome and a low rate of complications. In this study, our aim was to assess our experience in patients with accessory pathway (AP) and to compare our data with the literature. Methods: We included 1,437 patients who were diagnosed and treated for AP in our hospital between 1998 and 2020. The demographic data of all the patients, AP location, and periprocedural results were recorded. Results: Of the 1,437 patients, 1,299 (90.4%) were men; and the mean age of the population was 26.67 years. The location of 1,418 APs were along the left free wall (647 [45.6%] patients), in the posteroseptal region (366 [25.3%] patients), in the anteroseptal region (290 [20.4%] patients), and along the right free wall (115 [8.1%] patients). The ratio of the second AP existence was 3.0% and AVNRT co-existence was 2.0%. A total of 55 (3.8%) patients had recurrent sessions for relapse. Our center’s total success rate was 95.5%, and total complication rate was 0.26%. Conclusion: According to our retrospective analysis, EPS is a highly functional tool in the diagnosis and management of arrhythmias such as AVRT for high-risk patient groups like military personnel with the aim of risk stratifcation and medical management. Amaç: Elektrofzyolojik çalışmayı (EPS) takiben kateter ablasyonu, Atriyoventriküler Reentrant Taşikardisi (AVRT) olan hastalar için tanı ve tedavinin temel dayanağıdır ve mükemmel uzun vadeli sonuç ve düşük bir komplikasyon oranı gösterir. Çalışmamızın amacı, aksesuar yolaklı hastalardaki deneyimlerimizi değerlendirmek ve verilerimizi literatür ile karşılaştırmaktı. Yöntemler: Hastanemizde 1998-2020 yılları arasında aksesuar yol (AP) tanısı alan ve tedavisi olan 1437 hastayı dahil ettik. Tüm hastaların demografk verileri, aksesuar yolun konumu ve işlemle ilgili sonuçlar kaydedildi. Bulgular: 1437 hastanın 1299’u (%90.4) erkekti ve çalışma popülasyonun ortalama yaşı 26.67 idi. 1418 AP’nin lokasyonu; sol serbest duvar boyunca (647 hasta, %45.6), posteroseptal bölgede (366 hasta, %25.3), anteroseptal bölgede (290 hasta, %20.4) ve sağ serbest duvar boyunca (115 hasta, %8.1) idi. İkinci AP var olma oranı %3.0 ve AVNRT birlikte var olma oranı %2.0 idi. 55 (%3.8) hastada relaps sebebiyle tekrarlayan işlemler yapıldı. Merkezimizin toplam başarı oranı %95.5 ve toplam komplikasyon oranı %0.26 idi. Sonuç: Retrospektif analizimizin ışığında elektrofzyolojik çalışma, risk sınıfandırması ve tıbbi karar amacıyla askeri personel gibi yüksek riskli hasta grupları için AVRT gibi aritmilerin tanı ve yönetiminde oldukça işlevsel bir araçtır.
Published: 2021
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18. Radiofrequency catheter ablation of patients with permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia and long-term follow-up results

Author: Basri Amasyali, Serdar Fırtına, Erkan Yildirim, Veysel Kutay Vurgun, Serkan Asil, Hasan Kutsi Kabul, Sedat Kose, Suat Görmel, Yalçın Gökoğlan, and Salim Yaşar
Subjects: Tachycardia, medicine.medical_specialty, Long term follow up, business.industry, Middle Cardiac Vein, Cardiomyopathy, Accessory pathway, medicine.disease, Electrocardiography, Radiofrequency catheter ablation, Physiology (medical), Internal medicine, Tachycardia, Reciprocating, Catheter Ablation, Tachycardia, Supraventricular, cardiovascular system, medicine, Cardiology, Humans, In patient, medicine.symptom, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia (PJRT) is an infrequent form of atrioventricular re-entrant tachycardia. We report the clinical and electrophysiological properties of PJRT and outcomes of radiofrequency catheter ablation (RCA) in a large group of patients. We included 62 patients with the diagnosis of PJRT. Radiofrequency catheter ablation was performed in all. Location of accessory pathway was right posteroseptal in 37 (59,7%) cases, right midseptal in 3 (4,8%), left posterior in 7 (11,3%), left lateral in 5 (8,1%), left posterolateral in 3 (4,8%), left anterolateral in 2 (3,2%), left posteroseptal in 2 (3,2%), middle cardiac vein in 2 (3,2%), and left coronary cusp in 1 (1,6%). Single procedure success rate was 90.3%. None of patients had recurrence during follow-up after repeat ablations. Overall long-term success rate was 98.4%. Left ventricular systolic function recovered in all patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). Retrograde decremental accessory pathways are mainly located in posteroseptal region. Radiofrequency catheter ablation is a safe and effective approach in patients with PJRT.
Published: 2021
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19. Use of age shock index in determining severity of illness in patients presenting to the emergency department with gastrointestinal bleeding

Author: Hasan Basri Çetinkaya and Salih Kocaoğlu
Subjects: Adult, Male, Gastrointestinal bleeding, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, Vital signs, Severity of Illness Index, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, medicine, Humans, Hospital Mortality, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, Age Factors, Area under the curve, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, General Medicine, Emergency department, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Shock index, Triage, ROC Curve, Emergency Medicine, Female, Emergency Service, Hospital, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, business
Abstract: This study aimed to make a comparison between classical shock index (SI), modified shock index (MSI), and age shock index (age SI) for predicting critical patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) with gastrointestinal bleeding (GIS).The study, which was planned retrospectively, consisted of patients diagnosed with GIS bleeding at the ED admission. Triage time vital signs were used to calculate SI, MSI, and age SI. These results were compared with intensive care admission, endoscopic/colonoscopic (E/C) intervention, blood transfusion, and mortality criteria, which we define as adverse outcomes.The study included 151 patients. Seventy-nine (52.32%) of the patients had at least one adverse outcome. Of the 151 patients, 19 (12.58%) had ICU admission, 27 (17.88%) underwent endoscopic/colonoscopic (E/C) intervention, 68 (45.03%) received a blood transfusion, and 6 (3.97%) died. There was a significant difference between patients who had no adverse outcome and those who had at least one adverse outcome in terms of SI, age SI, and MSI. We performed ROC curve analyses to evaluate the diagnostic performances of all indices for predicting adverse outcomes. AUC (area under the curve) values for age SI was the highest (age SI AUC = 0.711, p0.001; SI AUC = 0.616; MSI AUC = 0.617). The performance of the age SI was significantly higher than the SI (p = 0.013) and the MSI (p = 0.024) for predicting adverse outcomes. The cut-off value for the age shock index was 45.12.In patients with GIS bleeding, age SI, which can be easily calculated in triage, is more significant than SI and MSI for predicting the critical patient.
Published: 2021
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20. Stochastic Modelling of Respiratory System Elastance for Mechanically Ventilated Respiratory Failure Patients

Author: Xin Wang, Jay Wing Wai Lee, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, J. Geoffrey Chase, Nor Salwa Damanhuri, Chee Pin Tan, and Yeong Shiong Chiew
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Stochastic modelling, Respiratory mechanics, medicine.medical_treatment, Biomedical Engineering, Respiratory physiology, Lung injury, Cross-validation, Mechanical ventilation, Predictive Value of Tests, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Respiratory system, Intensive care medicine, Aged, Stochastic Processes, business.industry, Middle Aged, Respiration, Artificial, Elasticity, Elastance, Critical care, Respiratory failure, Female, Original Article, Patient-specific ventilation, Respiratory Insufficiency, business, Respiratory minute volume
Abstract: While lung protective mechanical ventilation (MV) guidelines have been developed to avoid ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), a one-size-fits-all approach cannot benefit every individual patient. Hence, there is significant need for the ability to provide patient-specific MV settings to ensure safety, and optimise patient care. Model-based approaches enable patient-specific care by identifying time-varying patient-specific parameters, such as respiratory elastance, Ers, to capture inter- and intra-patient variability. However, patient-specific parameters evolve with time, as a function of disease progression and patient condition, making predicting their future values crucial for recommending patient-specific MV settings. This study employs stochastic modelling to predict future Ers values using retrospective patient data to develop and validate a model indicating future intra-patient variability of Ers. Cross validation results show stochastic modelling can predict future elastance ranges with 92.59 and 68.56% of predicted values within the 5–95% and the 25–75% range, respectively. This range can be used to ensure patients receive adequate minute ventilation should elastance rise and minimise the risk of VILI should elastance fall. The results show the potential for model-based protocols using stochastic model prediction of future Ers values to provide safe and patient-specific MV. These results warrant further investigation to validate its clinical utility.
Published: 2021
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21. Do we need different predictive equations for the acute and late phases of critical illness? A prospective observational study with repeated indirect calorimetry measurements

Author: Zheng-Yii Lee, Bee Koon Poh, M. Shahnaz Hasan, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Hazreen Abdul Majid, Mazuin Kamarul Zaman, Vineya-Rai Hakumat-Rai, Pei Chien Tah, and Chee Cheong Kee
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Coefficient of determination, Critical Illness, Medicine (miscellaneous), Calorimetry, Article, Internal medicine, Linear regression, medicine, Humans, Resting energy expenditure, Prospective Studies, Mathematics, Nutrition, Nutrition and Dietetics, Malnutrition, Reproducibility of Results, Calorimetry, Indirect, Intensive Care Units, Standard error, Sample size determination, Cardiology, Observational study, Basal Metabolism, Energy Metabolism, Respiratory minute volume
Abstract: Background Predictive equations (PEs) for estimating resting energy expenditure (REE) that have been developed from acute phase data may not be applicable in the late phase and vice versa. This study aimed to assess whether separate PEs are needed for acute and late phases of critical illness and to develop and validate PE(s) based on the results of this assessment. Methods Using indirect calorimetry, REE was measured at acute (≤5 days; n = 294) and late (≥6 days; n = 180) phases of intensive care unit admission. PEs were developed by multiple linear regression. A multi-fold cross-validation approach was used to validate the PEs. The best PEs were selected based on the highest coefficient of determination (R2), the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and the lowest standard error of estimate (SEE). Two PEs developed from paired 168-patient data were compared with measured REE using mean absolute percentage difference. Results Mean absolute percentage difference between predicted and measured REE was
Published: 2021

22. Predictive value of oxidant and antioxidant status for contrast-induced nephropathy after percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction

Author: Fatih Aksoy, Hasan Aydın Baş, Hasan Basri Savaş, Ali Bağcı, and ALKÜ, Fakülteler, Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Estados oxidante e antioxidante, medicine.medical_treatment, Contrast-induced nephropathy, Renal function, Oxidant and antioxidant status, urologic and male genital diseases, Gastroenterology, Antioxidants, Nephropathy, Enfarte do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST, 03 medical and health sciences, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Nefropatia induzida por contraste, medicine, Humans, ST segment, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Myocardial infarction, Prospective cohort study, General Environmental Science, business.industry, Percutaneous coronary intervention, Oxidants, medicine.disease, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, surgical procedures, operative, 030228 respiratory system, RC666-701, ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Complication
Abstract: Background: Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a life-threatening complication after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (p-PCI). Oxidative stress and inflammation may play an important role in the development of CIN. Objective: We aimed to assess the relationship between total oxidant status, total antioxidant capacity, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), gamma-glutamyltransferase and uric acid (UA) in the development of CIN in patients presenting with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: This prospective cohort study consisted of 341 patients with STEMI. Patients were divided into two groups: those with and those without CIN. Predictors of CIN were determined by multivariate regression analyses. Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed that initial glucose level, contrast media volume/glomerular filtration ratio (eGFR) ratio, hs-CRP, UA and oxidative status index were associated with the development of CIN in patients with STEMI. Conclusion: The main finding of this study is that increased oxidative stress and inflammation parameters were associated with the development of CIN in patients with STEMI. Other independent predictors of CIN were contrast media volume/eGFR ratio, initial glucose level, UA and hs-CRP. Resumo: Contexto: A nefropatia induzida por contraste (NIC) é uma complicação crítica após intervenção coronária percutânea primária (ICP-p). O stress oxidativo e a inflamação podem ter um papel importante no desenvolvimento da NIC. Objetivo: Avaliar a associação entre o estado oxidante total (EOT), a capacidade total (COT), a proteína C-reativa de alta sensibilidade (PCR-as), a gama glutamiltransferase (GGT) e o ácido úrico (AU) no desenvolvimento de doentes com NIC que se apresentam com STEMI. Métodos: Este estudo de coorte prospetivo incluiu 341 doentes com enfarte do miocárdio com elevação do segmento ST (STEMI). Os doentes foram divididos em dois grupos: os portadores e os não portadores de NIC. Os valores preditivos de NIC foram determinados por análises de regressão multivariada. Resultados: A análise de regressão multivariada demonstrou que o nível inicial de glicose, o volume dos meios de contraste/taxa de filtração glomerular estimada (TFGe), a PCR-as e o índice do estado oxidativo foram associados ao desenvolvimento da NIC em doentes com STEMI. Conclusão: O aumento do stress oxidativo e dos parâmetros inflamatórios estão associados ao desenvolvimento da NIC em doentes com STEMI. Outros fatores preditivos independentes da NIC foram o volume dos meios de contraste/TFG, o nível daglicemia inicial, o AU e a PCR-as.
Published: 2021

23. Pemphigus vulgaris following second dose of <scp>mRNA</scp> ‐( <scp>Pfizer‐BioNTech</scp> ) <scp>COVID‐19</scp> vaccine

Author: Fatima-Zahra, Agharbi, Ghita, Basri, and Soumia, Chiheb
Subjects: COVID-19 Vaccines, Immunoglobulin G, COVID-19, Humans, RNA, Messenger, Dermatology, General Medicine, Pemphigus
Published: 2022
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24. EVALUATION OF RETINAL VESSEL DIAMETERS IN EYES WITH ACTIVE CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY

Author: Hasan Basri Arifoglu and Orhan Altunel
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, genetic structures, Optic Disk, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Optical coherence tomography, Ophthalmology, medicine, Humans, Inner diameter, Fluorescein Angiography, Aged, Retrospective Studies, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Retinal Vessels, Retinal, General Medicine, Middle Aged, eye diseases, Venous wall, Retinal vessel, Serous fluid, medicine.anatomical_structure, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, chemistry, Infrared reflectance, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, Female, sense organs, business, Tomography, Optical Coherence, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Optic disc
Abstract: PURPOSE To compare the retinal vessel diameters of healthy eyes and active central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) eyes, and to evaluate possible effect of retinal vessel diameter alterations on the pathogenesis of CSC. METHODS This retrospective study included 39 patients with CSC and 34 healthy individuals. Spectralis optical coherence tomography + HRA with an infrared reflectance image were used to evaluate structure of retinal vessels in the circular region around the optic disc. For each eye, vertical inner and outer diameters of the four major arteries and veins were measured using infrared reflectance images, and vessel wall thicknesses were also calculated based on inner and outer diameters. RESULTS The 304 vessels of the 39 active CSC eyes and 266 vessels of the 34 healthy eyes were used in the analyses. The mean venous wall thickness in active CSC eyes was significantly thicker than that in healthy eyes (40.0 ± 4.9 vs. 33.5 ± 4.1 μm, P = 0.001), whereas the mean venous inner diameter in active CSC eyes was significantly narrower (52.5 ± 9.7 vs. 61.3 ± 8.1 μm, P = 0.001). Also, the mean venous outer diameter was wider in CSC eyes, albeit not significantly (131.1 ± 7.0 vs. 128.5 ± 8.4 μm, P = 0.074). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the alterations of retinal venous diameters may play a potential role in the pathogenesis of CSC in addition to alterations in choroidal thickness.
Published: 2021
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25. Did COVID-19 area change our urology practice: A retrospective analysis

Author: Hasan Huseyin Kilic, Cevdet Kaya, Basri Cakiroglu, Suleyman Hilmi Aksoy, Ramazan Gozukucuk, Aksoy, Süleyman Hilmi, and Gözüküçük, Ramazan
Subjects: Adult, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Urology, Urologists, Area change, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), medicine.disease_cause, COVID-19 Testing, Pandemic, medicine, Retrospective analysis, Humans, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, Coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, General Medicine, Emergency medicine, Emergencies, business
Abstract: Objective: This research aimed at evaluating the changing conditions and experiences of urological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The data of all patients who were admitted to outpatient clinics at Hisar Intercontinental Hospital or the hospital’s online patient portal system between March 11th and May 30th, 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. Of all patients, 545 in outpatient clinics and 25 in online portal system, (17%) were hospitalized for medical treatment, and 53 underwent surgery. There were 1032 patients admitted to Urology Clinics and 104 patients who underwent surgery in the same period of 2019. The pre-operative assessment of patients who were candidates of urological surgery included certain criteria for COVID-19. Results: Of patients included in this study, the median age was 41 years (18–90). The mean hospital stay was 1 day (1–12), and the mean duration of operation was 25 min (3–250). Thirty-seven patients (69.8%) underwent general anesthesia, while only 11(20.8%) underwent combined spinal epidural anesthesia. Four patients (7.5%) required local and only one patient (1.9%) underwent sedo-analgesia. Complications were encountered in six patients (11.4%), urosepsis in two, pneumonia in one, and urinary tract infection in three patients. Compared to last year’s numbers, the number of patients admitted to the hospital’s outpatient clinic and that of hospitalized patients decreased by 47.2% and 49.1%, respectively. Conclusion: Emergent surgeries in urological practices can be performed safely under routine preoperative testing for COVID-19 and with the use of adequate protective equipment for both the surgical team and the patient.
Published: 2021
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26. Cosmetic results of circumcision and scar wrinkling: Do we exaggerate in terms of hemostasis and sutures?

Author: Uğur Ekici, Tuncay Taş, Basri Cakiroglu, and Ekici, Uğur
Subjects: Male, Hemostasis, medicine.medical_specialty, School age child, Sutures, business.industry, General Medicine, Phimosis, scar wrinkling, Surgery, Cicatrix, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Treatment Outcome, 0302 clinical medicine, Circumcision, Male, Circumcision, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, medicine, Humans, Child, business
Abstract: Objective: To objective of this study was to investigate poor scar appearance of the circumcision line and scar wrinkling caused by the sutures placed during the circumcision in primary school age circumcised children. Methods: A total of 455 children aged between 6 and 9 years, circumcised by four different specialists in our hospital between 2009 and 2018 were evaluated. Circumcisions performed due to balanitis, phimosis, secondary phimosis, and paraphimosis were excluded from the study. Only routine religious circumcisions performed on request of the family were included in the study. Children underwent a second procedure and those receiving treatment after the circumcision due to infection were excluded from the study. About 363 patients included the study. Patients were evaluated according to the Fitzpatrick skin type classification, independent observer scale, Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale, and Dunn-Bonferroni test. Results: No statistically significant difference was found between distributions of scar wrinkling levels in children according to the circumcision ( p > 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between age of circumcision according to scare wrinkling levels ( p = 0.001). According to the Dunn-Bonferroni test; the circumcision age was found to be significantly lower in children with severe scar wrinkling compared to the children with no or mild scar wrinkling ( p = 0.001; p = 0.011). Conclusion: The tense, short-interval sutures placed away from the wound margin during circumcision in order to control subcutaneous bleeding lead to scar wrinkling and a poor cosmetic appearance. Knowing the risk factors leading to scar wrinkling and taking appropriate measures will provide acceptable cosmetic outcomes after the circumcision.
Published: 2021
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27. Salivary glands of fetuses are adversely affected by artificial food colorings in rats

Author: Hasan Basri Savas, Fatih Gultekin, Kayhan Basak, Firdevs Aylak, Duygu Kumbul Doguc, Osman Gurdal, and ALKÜ, Fakülteler, Tıp Fakültesi, Temel Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü
Subjects: Adult, Medicine (General), Saliva, food.ingredient, genetic structures, Offspring, Physiology, Salivary Glands, Food coloring agents, R5-920, Fetus, food, Pregnancy, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Rats, Wistar, Intrauterine exposure, Inflammation, Toxicity, business.industry, Food additive, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Food Coloring Agents, General Medicine, Rats, Matrix Metalloproteinase 2, Female, business
Abstract: SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: Artificial food colorings, as types of food additives, are widely used at present in daily life. We aimed to investigate the effects of exposure to artificial food colorings during the intrauterine period on the salivary glands in adulthood. METHODS: A total of 30 Wistar albino female pregnant rats were included in this study. The treatment group was given a mixture of nine artificial food colorings at no observed adverse-effect-level doses. Neither mothers nor offspring were fed with food colorings after delivery. When the offspring became adults, they were sacrificed, and the possible histopathological and immunohistochemical effects of artificial food colorings on the salivary glands were investigated. In these glands, anti-matrix metallopeptidase 2 (anti-MMP2), anti-MMP9, anti-tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP) metallopeptidase inhibitor 1 (anti-TIMP1), anti-TIMP2, and anti-TIMP3 were examined. RESULTS: The expressions of anti-MMP2, anti-TIMP1, anti-TIMP2, and anti-TIMP3 parameters were found to be higher in treatment groups (p
Published: 2021
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28. Knee Prosthesis in the Computer Era

Author: Hasan Basri Sezer, Alexandre Hardy, Yoann Bohu, and Nicolas Lefevre
Subjects: Patient-Specific Modeling, musculoskeletal diseases, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, Total knee arthroplasty, Review Article, Computer assisted knee arthroplasty, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, lcsh:Orthopedic surgery, Knee prosthesis, Prosthesis Fitting, Humans, Medicine, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Computer navigation, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, education, Review Articles, Literature review, 030222 orthopedics, education.field_of_study, Computer assistance, business.industry, Personalized cutting guides, musculoskeletal system, lcsh:RD701-811, Surgery, Computer-Assisted, Surgery, Knee Prosthesis, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Over the past two decades, computer assistance has revolutionalized surgery and has enabled enormous advancements in knee prosthesis surgery. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a hot topic of orthopaedic research. Reflecting population dynamics, its use continues to increase, especially in high demand populations. Therefore, efforts to achieve the best fit and precise alignment in TKA continue. Computer assistance is valuable for knee prosthesis surgeons in this regard. This manuscript investigated the use of computer assistance in knee prosthesis surgery. The effects of computer use on important facets of knee prosthesis surgery, such as precision, clinical aspects, and costs, were examined. Moreover, an overall review of the recent literature on the navigation and personalized cutting guides was conducted., Computer assistance is a reasonable option to relieve the stress of the knee prosthesis surgeons. This manuscript provides a wide survey on the computer assistance in knee prosthesis surgery.
Published: 2021
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29. Dietary diversity, dietary patterns and dietary intake are associated with stunted children in Jeneponto District, Indonesia

Author: Hasan Basri, Veni Hadju, Andi Zulkifli, Aminuddin Syam, null Ansariadi, null Stang, Rahayu Indriasari, and Siti Helmiyanti
Subjects: Diversity, Pattern, digestive, oral, and skin physiology, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, food and beverages, Diet, Eating, Indonesia, Food, Humans, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Child, Stunted, Growth Disorders
Abstract: Objective: The most influence of occurrence children stunted are those related to food, both in terms of quantity and quality. The aim of this study is seeing of the relationship between dietary diversity, dietary pattern and dietary intake for children stunted. Methods: This study is a follow up of the previous study of nutrition interventions in children, where the total sample size children was 340 measured the dietary intake with 24-hour recall. The dietary diversity and dietary patterns was measured by the FFQ (Food Frequency Questioner) form for children. Results: The results showed that a lack of energy intake associated with children stunted was 132 (44.9%) (p = 0.050), and lacked fat intake was 125 (45.6%) (p
Published: 2021
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30. Climate factors and dengue fever occurrence in Makassar during period of 2011–2017

Author: Andi Susilawaty, Ranti Ekasari, Lilis Widiastuty, Dian Rezki Wijaya, Zilfadhilah Arranury, and Syahrul Basri
Subjects: Dengue, Rainfall, Climate, Incidence, Temperature, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Animals, Humans, Humidity, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Wind speed
Abstract: Objective: Dengue fever is a global burden because of high cases number. Climate factors became determinant of the mosquito's growth. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between climate factors (humidity, temperature, wind speed, rainfall) and dengue cases in Makassar during 2011–2017. Methods: It was quantitative study located in Makassar. Data were analyzed by General Estimating Equation (GEE). Gee was used to showing the model of variables. This study used secondary data from Health District Office of Makassar to get Dengue Cases Data and Meteorological, Climatological, and Geophysical Agency of Makassar for monthly climate data. Results: The result showed significant correlation between climate variables that have been researched which were temperature, humidity, rainfall, and wind speed to dengue fever cases. Conclusions: As conclusion, the humidity had strongest correlation to dengue fever cases. It also showed positive correlation, while others showed negative correlation.
Published: 2021
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31. Seasonal variations and human health risk assessment of trace elements in the bivalve ecosystem in the Sea of Marmara

Author: Pinar Yildirim, Mine Cardak, Serhat Colakoglu, Gulen Türker, and Hasan Basri Ormanci
Subjects: animal structures, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Food Contamination, Toxicology, Risk Assessment, Bivalvia, Trace Elements, Metals, Heavy, Animals, Humans, Seasons, Ecosystem, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Food Science, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: Twelve trace elements were studied in four economically important bivalve molluscs (Mediterranean mussel, manila clam, striped venus clam, and truncated wedge clam) from the southern Marmara Sea for seasonal bioaccumulation and human health risk assessment. According to the findings, Fe and Zn were the most accumulative and element concentrations changed considerably (P < 0.05) between seasons and species. Daily, weekly, monthly intake and target hazard quotients of the trace elements were estimated and compared with maximum limits. The results revealed that consuming these bivalve molluscs from the southern Marmara Sea could be considered safe for human consumption. Nevertheless, further monitoring is needed in order to better follow the development in time of elemental pollution due to increasing environmental pressure on the Marmara Sea basin, together with research on other different bioaccumulative organisms.
Published: 2022

32. Virtual patient framework for the testing of mechanical ventilation airway pressure and flow settings protocol

Author: Christopher Yew Shuen Ang, Jay Wing Wai Lee, Yeong Shiong Chiew, Xin Wang, Chee Pin Tan, Matthew E Cove, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Cong Zhou, Thomas Desaive, and J. Geoffrey Chase
Subjects: Clinical Trials as Topic, Respiratory Mechanics, Humans, Health Informatics, Computer Simulation, Respiration, Artificial, Software, Computer Science Applications, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Model-based and personalised decision support systems are emerging to guide mechanical ventilation (MV) treatment for respiratory failure patients. However, model-based treatments require resource-intensive clinical trials prior to implementation. This research presents a framework for generating virtual patients for testing model-based decision support, and direct use in MV treatment.The virtual MV patient framework consists of 3 stages: 1) Virtual patient generation, 2) Patient-level validation, and 3) Virtual clinical trials. The virtual patients are generated from retrospective MV patient data using a clinically validated respiratory mechanics model whose respiratory parameters (respiratory elastance and resistance) capture patient-specific pulmonary conditions and responses to MV care over time. Patient-level validation compares the predicted responses from the virtual patient to their retrospective results for clinically implemented MV settings and changes to care. Patient-level validated virtual patients create a platform to conduct virtual trials, where the safety of closed-loop model-based protocols can be evaluated.This research creates and presents a virtual patient platform of 100 virtual patients generated from retrospective data. Patient-level validation reported median errors of 3.26% for volume-control and 6.80% for pressure-control ventilation mode. A virtual trial on a model-based protocol demonstrates the potential efficacy of using virtual patients for prospective evaluation and testing of the protocol.The virtual patient framework shows the potential to safely and rapidly design, develop, and optimise new model-based MV decision support systems and protocols using clinically validated models and computer simulation, which could ultimately improve patient care and outcomes in MV.
Published: 2022

33. Brain health for all on World Brain Day 2022

Author: Tissa Wijeratne, Claudio L A Bassetti, Wolfgang Grisold, David Dodick, Guy Rouleau, Steven L Lewis, Richard Stark, Morris Freedman, Alla Guekht, Riadh Gouider, Marco T Medina, Chandrashekhar Meshram, Hamidon Basri, Augustina Charway-Felli, and Maged Abdel Naseer
Subjects: Brain, Humans, Neurology (clinical), World Health Organization, Head
Published: 2022

34. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for migraine prevention: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author: Nabil Izzaatie Mohamad Safiai, Nur Afiqah Mohamad, Hamidon Basri, Liyana Najwa Inche Mat, Fan Kee Hoo, Anna Misyail Abdul Rashid, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, Wei Chao Loh, Janudin Baharin, Aaron Fernandez, Intan Nureslyna Samsudin, Mohd Hazmi Mohamed, Siew Mooi Ching, Kai Wei Lee, Vasudevan Ramachandran, Patricia Pozo-Rosich, and Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman
Subjects: Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex, Treatment Outcome, Migraine Disorders, Headache, Humans, Prefrontal Cortex, Neurology (clinical), General Medicine, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Pain Measurement
Abstract: Objective To evaluate the efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as a migraine prevention by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis. Background The efficacy of high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex as preventive migraine treatment remains debatable. Methods PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and BioMed Central databases were searched from their inception until December 2020. Randomised trials comparing high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with sham for migraine prevention were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane guidelines. Headache days, pain intensity, acute medication intake, and disability were extracted as study outcomes and the mean difference with a random-effects model was used to determine the effect size. Results Meta-analysis revealed that high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex significantly reduced acute medication intake (Mean Difference = 9.78, p = 0.02, 95%CI: 1.60, 17.96, p = 0.02) and functional disability (Mean Difference = 8.00, p < 0.05, 95%CI: 4.21, 11.79). However, no differences were found in headache days and pain intensity reduction, although there was a slight trend favouring high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Conclusion High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex may be effective in reducing acute medication intake and disability. However, more studies are needed to strengthen this preliminary evidence.
Published: 2022

35. Evaluation of a new transcutaneous bilirubinometer in newborn infants

Author: Mikael Norman, Hüseyin Aytug, and Hasan Basri Celebi
Subjects: Male, Neonatal Screening, Multidisciplinary, Child, Preschool, Infant, Newborn, Humans, Infant, Bilirubin, Gestational Age, Skin Pigmentation, Hyperbilirubinemia, Neonatal, Child, Jaundice, Neonatal
Abstract: To avoid brain damage in newborn infants, effective tools for prevention of excessive neonatal hyperbilirubinemia are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new transcutaneous bilirubinometer (JAISY). For this purpose, 930 bilirubin measurements were performed in 141 newborn infants born near-term or at term (gestational age 35–41 weeks; postnatal age 1–6 days; 71 boys; including 29 infants with darker skin) and compared to those of a previously validated instrument (JM105). In each infant, the mean of three repeated measurements in the forehead was calculated for each instrument, followed by a similar measurement on the chest. The bilirubin values varied between 0 and 320 µmol/l (0–18.8 mg/dl). There was a high degree of agreement with significant correlations between bilirubin values measured with the two devices on the forehead (Pearson’s r = 0.94, p p p = 0.79). In conclusion, JAISY provides accurate and reproducible information on low to moderately high bilirubin levels in newborn infants born near-term or at term.
Published: 2022
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36. Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study

Author: Labeau, Sonia O, Afonso, Elsa, Benbenishty, Julie, Blackwood, Bronagh, Boulanger, Carole, Brett, Stephen J, Calvino-Gunther, Silvia, Chaboyer, Wendy, Coyer, Fiona, Deschepper, Mieke, François, Guy, Honore, Patrick M, Jankovic, Radmilo, Khanna, Ashish K, Llaurado-Serra, Mireia, Lin, Frances, Rose, Louise, Rubulotta, Francesca, Saager, Leif, Williams, Ged, Blot, Stijn I, Dritan, Muzha, Antoni Margarit Ribas, Fernando, Lipovesty, Cecilia, Loudet, Fiona, Coyer, Philipp, Eller, Nafseen, Mostafa, Patrick, M Honoré, Vanesa Mercado Telleria, Jasmina, Smajic, Paula Cristina Nogueira, Khalid Mahmood Khan Nafees, Romuald, Hentchoya, Louise, Rose, Javiera, Soledad, Frances, Lin, Yenny, Cardenas, Amylkar Garay Reyes, Alan, Sustic, Meropi, Mpouzika, Tamas, Vymazal, Hanne Irene Jensen, Hernan, Aguirre-Bermeo, Liivi, Maddison, Maija, Valta, Silvia, Calvino-Gunther, Frank, Bloos, Faustina Excel Adipa, Vasilios, Koulouras, Judy, Enamorado, Zsuzsann, Ágoston, Hrönn, Birgisdóttir, Amit, Gupta, Mohan, Gurjar, Bram, Kilapong, Seyed Mohammadreza Hashemian, Ignacio, Martin-Loeches, Julie, Benbenishty, Andrea, Cortegiani, Kelly, Fletcher, Yoshiro, Hayashi, Wangari, Waweru-Siika, Khalid, Abidi, Sang-Min, Lee, Burhan, Hadri, Mihails, Dolgusevs, Fayez François Abillama, Tomas, Jovaisa, Cyril, Thix, Muhammed, Elhadi, Basri Mat Nor, Shanti, Ratnam, Mohd Zulfakar Mazlan, Sundaresan, Maiyalagan, Luis, Sánchez-Hurtado, Adrian, Belii, Mendsaikhan, Naranpurev, Prabha, Gautam, Dylan De Lange, Rachael, Parke, Rose Ekama Ilesanmi, Mirjana, Shosholcheva, Antonija, Petosic, Ranveig, Lind, Madiha Hashmi Ffarcsi, Javier, Bogarin, Aaron Mark Hernandez, Malgorzata, Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, Bruno, Sousa, Dana, Tomescu, Dorel, Sandesc, Theogene, Twagirumugabe, Vitaly, Gusarov, Maie, Ebaid, Radmilo, Jankovic, Gari, Slobodianiuk, Andrea, Martonova, Rihard, Knafelj, Mervyn, Mer, Emilio, Maseda, Bernardo, Panka, Joerg, C Schefold, Eva, Joelsson-Alm, Konlawij, Trongtrakul, Lorna, Merritt-Charles, Lamia Ouanes Besbes, Yalım, Dikmen, Lesia, Zgrzheblovska, Mark, Fielding, Francesca, Rubulotta, Ashish, K Khanna, Leif, Saager, Ingrid von der Osten, Alban, Greca, Alma, Cani, Nordian, Xhindi, Genci, Hyska, Antonio Margarit Ribas, Susana, Pinto, Paulo, Alves, Romina, Esposito, Emanuel, Valgolio, John Thomas Sanchez Minope, Antonio, Abdala, Maria, Ayala, Silvina, Bravo, Ana, Bantar, Patricia, Delgado, Gustavo, Badariotti, Fernando, Lipovestky, Ana, Diaz, Pablo, Saul, Mariano, Setten, Alejandra, Aucapina, Ysica, Acosta, Victor, Gonzalez, Luis, Camputaro, Fernando, Baccaro, Robert, Villa, Marcela, Mastantuono, Emiliano, Dean, Oscar Fernández Rostello, Patricia, Brizuela, Julio Ricardo Bartoli, Matias, Guereschi, Cristian, Quiroga, Sofia, Putruele, Paula, Villegas, Veronica, Curilen, Ruben, Fernandez, Mariangeles Gabriela Nocheretti, Rosana Gabriela Escalante, Cecilia Inés Loudet, Silvia, Fernandez, Ana Laura Gonzalez, Gustavo Andres Alvarez, Federico, Iglesias, Silvia, Chaparro, Graciela, Zakalik, Gonzalo, Pagella, Matías, Baini, Pierina Arias Campos, Ignacio, Sabbag, Armando, Schmukler, Imelda Perdomo Fonseca, Gonzalo Martín Alvarez, Mario, Ramirez, Fernando, Tapia, Carlos Alejandro Bascary, Graciela Del Valle Gimenez, Fernando Pablo Bertoletti, Esteban, Milioto, Pablo Julio Maldonaldo Bonsignore, Maria Alejandra Fernandez, Julie, Smith, Tim, Chimunda, Lorraine, Thompson, Teena, Maguire, Wendy, Chaboyer, Stacey, Watts, Marion, Mitchell, Madeleine, Powell, India, Lye, Leanne, Parsons, Nerilee, Baker, Claire, Reynolds, Amy, Thompson, Kristy, Masters, Kellie, Sosnowski, Lynette, Morrison, Gavin, D Leslie, Ramanathan, Lakshmanan, Alexis, Tabah, Wendy, Brown, Sharon, McDowell-Skaines, Andrea, Mclucas, Chris, Smith, Mandy, Tallot, Sarah, Jones, Michelle, Barakat-Johnson, Thomas, Leong, Rand, Butcher, Kerrie, Martin, Philipp, Douschan, Dirk von Lewinski, René, Schmutz, Uta, Kolussi, Fatema, Salman, Zainab, Ateya, Koen De Decker, Niels Van Regenmortel, Anita, Jans, Patricia, Wijnands, Stefano, Coremans, Patrick, M Honore, David De Bels, Tanja, Depuydt, Caroline, Paillet, Luc-Marie, Jacquet, Walter, Swinnen, Francis, Hannes, Matthia, Mergeay, Stijn Van de Velde, Silvie, Allaert, Pieter, Hoste, Christophe, Borin, Sandrine, Balon, Vincent, Fraipont, Patrick, Biston, Nicolas De Schryver, Thierry, Dugernier, Ilse Van Cotthem, Angelica Olivetto de Almeida, Silvia Angelica Jorge, Delmiro, Becker, Raysa Cristina Schmidt, Evellyn, Oliveira, Aline, Ramalho, Eliane, Mazocoli, Audrey, Fioretti, Elaine, Barros, Leticia, Serpa, Suzana, Bianchini, Ticiane, Campanili, Taís, Pantaleao, Paulo Carlos Garcia, Ana Lucia Vitti Ronchini, Rayanne, Santos, Nurulhuda Binti, A Manap, Sean, Bagshaw, Dominic, Carney, Jon, Davidow, Ella, Rokosh, Andréa Maria Laizner, Samantha, Smith, Megan, Mcquirter, Betty Star Kampayana, René, Favre, Martin, Sills, Julie, Dallaire, Cathy, Becker, Sherissa, Microys, Bonnie, Bowes, Jennifer, Lajeunesse, Rishi, Ghosh, Jacqueline, Baptiste-Savoie, Rose, Raizman, Gabriel, Suen, Noushin, Taghavi, Orla, Smith, Clare, Fielding, Julieta, Canales, Pia, Molina, Javiera, Chaparro, Maria Idalia Sepulveda, Matias Jesús Flamm Zamorano, Pamela, Rocha, Ximena, Villanueva, Paola, Araya, Meneses, Dayan, Fernando, Avalos, Xiaohan, Li, Liu, Yu, Xinxia, Li, Xiaoyan, Chen, Zhixia, Jiang, Jing, Yang, Jingfang, Chen, Lei, Yang, Kefang, Wang, Jie, Gao, Xiuhua, Fang, Ronghua, Zhao, Xinhua, Xia, Hongmei, Liu, Jing, Li, Haiyan, Wang, Gen, Meng, Yanhong, Di, Damei, Wang, Rong Hua Zhao, Li Ping Hu, Peipei, Xu, Qing Feng Jiao, Hai Yun Wang, Chun Jie Xia, Yan, Liu, Mei, Ye, Yan, Wan, Wenmei, Wang, Yajun, Ding, Aiua, Ren, Yan, Gao, Qi, Li, Guifang, Du, Yanling, Shen, Yanming, Ding, Ning, Li, Cui, Yuan, Lei, Tan, Qiang, Lin, Hailing, Guo, Howe, Yan, Xiao, Xu, Wei, Zhang, Jinxian, Liang, Libing, Zhang, Eryun, Tian, Qian, Zhao, Lin, Insu, Jingwen, Dong, Yanmei, Gu, Ying, Liu, Lina, Zhao, Wei, Wang, Hongmei, Qiao, Lili, Tuo, Mengmeng, Lv, Jin Yu Zhu, Jifen, Zhu, Ying, Wei, Man, Liu, Yin, He, Jiyin, Cheng, Jin, Liu, Jia, Na, Dongfang, Wei, Qing, Li, Xiaoying, Wu, Huan, Duan, Dongliang, Lin, Qiong, Liang, Xiaofang, Luo, Yunfeng, Xiong, Rong Fen Huang, Jing, Fu, Tao, Zan, Man, Ye, Zeya, Shi, Yanfei, Long, Yang, Lei, Xiaodi, Liu, Chen, Yumei, Lingling, Wang, Yali, Zhang, Yan, Xu, Cheng, Wang, Zhijuan, Chengxia, Sun, Jinhui, Song, Yingli, Wang, Xiumei, Liu, Yupeng, Liu, Yuxia, Yuan, Qingping, Huang, Fengling, Yang, Yun, Wu, Xianping, Luo, Xiaowu, Bai, Hong, Zheng, Min, Song, Yue, Sun, Zhangshuangzi, Li, Feifei, Luo, Miao, Liu, Li Chuntang Li, Xinjian, Li, Guiping, Zhang, Lina, Xiao, Tingting, Yu, Guangyuan, Gao, Wei, Wei, Fanglan, Wang, Ting, Han, Tingting, Li, Zeng, Qi, Jing Mei Zeng, Yan, Long, Fuqun, Pan, Jing, Wang, Guoxue, He, Haiyan, Chen, Feifei, Zhang, Chao, Yu, Gao, Chunhua, Xiuying, Yao, Dongmei, Bai, Liu, Lu, Xuelian, Xu, Yan, Wang, Xuejuan, Liang, Zhang, Na, Aizhi, Zhang, Xiaochun, Hu, Hui, Zhang, Ruixia, Wang, Poon Shing Tak, Sung Wai Ho, Qun Xia Jiang, Xinran, Ding, Liu, Hong, Limei, Miao, Zhaoxia, Feng, Liping, Huang, Juan, Wu, Yuping, Wang, Jiye, Guo, Baoke, Zhang, Chaoqun, Ma, Han, Yu, Congcong, Liu, Min, Ding, Linlin, Luan, Jing, Zheng, Shanshan, Lv, Shumin, Jiang, Wenzhen, Cao, Xiujuan, Xue, Guangyan, Liu, Xiyan, Wei, Youru, Jiang, Zhiru, Yao, Gao, Li, Jinhua, Li, Wenwen, Zhao, Mei, Jiang, Junping, Hao, Jing, Zhang, Caiju, Song, Feifei, Chen, Shuhui, Wang, Lili, Hu, Deyan, Cao, Jianhong, Wan, Xiaomin, Wang, Hongyan, Shao, Zhenxia, Zhang, Xia, Cui, Jingyu, Liu, Lijuan, Zhao, Xingguo, Li, Limei, Fan, Ling, Zhang, Min, Yu, Biyan, Li, Chunxia, Li, Ling, Liu, Xuelian, Liu, Wenmin, Chen, Yan, Li, Zhang, Zhigang, Yuchen, Wu, Chenghau, Mu, Guoyan, Zhu, Fan, Yang, Qi, Bo, Ling, Li, Meili, Chen, Jing Hua Jiang, Hai, Yin, Xuelian, Pang, Yue Ying Gong, Shunzhu, Yang, Xiaoli, Yan, Xianhong, Zheng, Dehong, Lei, Lei, Lei, Yinhua, Guo, Lihong, Liu, Jing, Yu, Wei, Sun, Aiping, Bi, Weiwei, Li, Yang, Wu, Ji, Li, Dongshu, Ni, Zijing, Wu, Bing, Song, Qin, Fei, Yang, Xiaoyan, Qiong, Ran, Xixi, Li, Xueping, Jiao, Hua, Ji, Sun, Zhiping, Hong, Ma, Jianhong, Mu, Yanhua, Hao, Yin, Li, Ying, Wang, Caihong, Hui, Wenjie, Ju, Yuxia, Huo, Yuxia, Wang, Lei, Chen, Yan, Yan, Qingli, Zhao, Hongjuan, Chen, Guijun, Bao, Ying, Cao, Hong, Li, Hong, Zhang, Ying, Zhang, Lina, Xu, Jia, Guixiang, Ying, Li, Hui Min Zhao, Xia, Huang, Zhaoxing, Dai, Yanman, Jian, Hongsu, Zhang, Zhixia, Tian, Zu Qing Cao, Miao, Li, Yang, Liu, Fei, Ouyang, Fuying, Ma, Wangyan, Jin, Liuyan, Ge, Shifen, Wu, Weilian, Yuan, Tianfei, Chen, Guanxiu, Shi, Zhihong, Chen, Kewei, Liu, Xue, Lin, Yuemen, Ly, Sun, Lijuan, Xiao Fang Tian, Shuo, Wang, Zhangxia, Feng, Xiaozhe, Liu, Yunchun, Dong, Jundi, Zhang, Nie, Bocui, Guoxian, Wang, Yingjuan, Zhao, Xiaojun, Wu, Qiao, Yang, Rongjun Ling Hu, Xue Qin Li, Zhu Jun Yu, Yanlan, Yao, Xiaoqiong, Deng, Yan, Xiao, Yan, Xie, Yanping, Yang, Huai, Yang, Yuming, Zhou, Zhuqing, Li, Min, Xiao, Yongxia, Yang, Yani, Tian, Luz Marina Silva Gama, Juan Sebastian Hernandez, Nestor, Caicedo, Jorge, Marin, Maria-Elena, Ochoa, Monica, Gomez, José, Rojas-Suarez, Jeniffer, Gonzalez, Amylkar José Garay Reyes, Edwin, Chapeta, Estefania, Orozco, Ina, Filipović-Grčić, Anita, Vuković, Suzana, Pečenković, Aleksandar, Šuput, Gordana, Zivanovic-Posilovic, Armanda, Bozena, Nikolina, Udiljak, Morena, Milic, Renata Curic Radivojevic, Slobodan, Mihaljevic, Marijana, Matas, Dinko, Tonkovic, Hemena, Čuljak, Ivana, Herceg, Gordana, Pavlisa, Milena, Dobric, Tatjana, Beker, Višnja Nesek Adam, Tanja, Goranovic, Chrysanthos, Markoulias, Mina, Mathaios, Maria, Mylordou, Eleni, Achilleos, Pavlina, Kleanthous, Veronika, Kotanidi, Maria, Foka, Iwy, Charalabous, Anna, Alexandrou, Marios, Georgiou, Artemis, Patsalos, Sofia, Zepoy, Constantina, Constantinou, Petr, Piza, Tomas, Vymazal, Elisabeth, Wiborg, Louise, Bruhn, Karin, Kaasby, Karin Rehnholt Pedersen, Sanne, Mikkelsen, Marie, Collet, Anne, Langvad, Hanne, Andresen, Susanne, Fischer, Inger Ebbesen Kjærgård, Britta, Jepsen, Birthe, Husted, Morten, Bestle, Anne Marie Kodal, Tina Charlotte Bitsch Hansen, Anne Sofie Bomholt Pedersen, Tina Damgaar Thomsen, Anisette, Hoegenhaven, Mette, From, Tine Melgaard Frandsen, Grit, Henning, Anja, Hansen, Inger Abildgaard Bliksted, Luis Mario Tamayo, Pedro, Mogrovejo, Carolina, Palaez, Diego Rolando Morocho Tutillo, Cintia Valencia Hurtado, Maria Fernanda García, Diana, Alvarez, Fausto, Guerrero, Alexandra, Vasquez, Martin, Kütimets, Kadri, Tamme, Eneli, Anvelt, Lomangisi, Dlamini-Sserumaga, Carita, Löfqvist, Virpi, Lusenius, Outi, Kauppi, Jenni-Katarina, Sakki, Tarja, Tervo-Heikkinen, Ulla, Kesti, Merja, Merilainen, Elina, Karjula, Minna, Peltomaa, Auli, Palmu, Maarit, Ahtiala, Maija Anniina Valta, Hervé, Mentec, Gaëtan, Plantefève, Guillaume, Besch, Sébastien, Pili-Floury, Stanislas, Ledochowski, Marc Danguy des Déserts, Christophe, Giacardi, Cédric, Daubin, Audrey, Massard, Yann Le Guen, Agnès, Blanc, Simon, Mandaroux, Silvia Calvino Günther, Prune, Avogadro, Anthony, Radavidson, Jean, Turc, Sébastien, Jochmans, Hervé, Quintard, Laetitia, Boyer, Cédric, Bruel, François, Philippart, Philippe, Montravers, Enora, Atchade, Nadine, Flessel, Benoît, Chinardet, Léa, Soulisse, Cindy, Pillard, Delphine, Ngo, Benjamin, Bongiorno, Nathalie, Heitzler, Virginie, Souppart, Nathalie, Gautheret, Jean-Francois, Timsit, Fatiha, Essardy, Muriel, Fartoukh, Daisy, Mehay, Fabienne, Etourneau, Jean-Christophe, Farkas, Pascal, Beuret, Gabriel, Preda, Etienne De Montmollin, Vincent, Castelain, Ulrich, Jaschinski, Monika, Rothenfusser, Detlef, Kindgen-Milles, Thomas, Dimski, Christine, Fiedler, Tobias, Heinicke, Patrick, Meybohm, Tobias, Schulze, Marc, Bota, Sabrina, Pelz, Tobias, Odenthal, Martin, Christ, Kathrin, Bösl, Achilleas, Chovas, Sebastian, Stehr, Philipp, Simon, Sarah, Grotheer, Sebastian, Schüppel, Stefan, Schaller, Lea, Albrecht, Andeas, Stübner, Stephan, Graeser, Nina, Kolbe, Martina, Lausch, Anja, Diers, Ulf, Guenther, Reimer, Riessen, Martin, Roller, Irene Pearl Osei, Anita-Chrysolyte, Kusi-Appiah, Yakubu, H Yakubu, Belinda, Guadi-Gosh, Christos, Dragoumanis, Christos, Christofis, Nikolaos, Kazakos, Styliani, Bastani, Charalampos, Martinos, Vasileios, Bekos, Metaxia, Papanikolaou, Theonymfi, Papavasilopoulou, Anna, Efthymiou, Vasiliki, Chantziara, Anna, Kyriakoudi, Nikolaos, Kakaras, Chrisi, Diakaki, Aikaterini, Flevari, Charikleia, Nikolaou, Kounougeri, Katerina, Lamprini, Avramopoulou, Kyriaki, Tsikritsaki, Georgios, Gkiokas, Eirini, Pantiora, Chrysostomos, Katsenos, Eirini-Chysovalanto, Patsiou, Paraskevi, Alexandropoulou, Ioannis, Koutsodimitropoulos, Epaminontas, Farmakis, Konstantina, Nestora, Marinos, Chatzis, Eumorfia, Kondili, Stella, Soundoulounaki, Ourania, Mousafiri, Dimitra, Lepida, Antonia, Liarmakopoulou, Georgios, Papathanakos, Mrina, Oikonomou, Panagiotis, Ioannides, Dimitrios, Papadopoulos, Ioannis, Staikos, Maria, Stafylaraki, Bogdan, Raitsiou, Konstantinos, Mandis, Ifigenia, Ravani, Styliani, Kourelea, Aikaterini, Efthimiou, Giannoula, Thoma, Apostolos, Bakas, Konstantinos, Psarulis, Souzana, Anisoglou, Eirini, Papageorgiou, Evangelia, Michailidou, Thomai, Tholioti, Athena, Lavrentieva, Evdokia, Sourla, Anastasia, Spyropoulou, Nikolaos, Pantelas, Kristina Mariana Matei Stalika, Ioannis, Georgakas, Antigoni, Karathanou, Syragoula, Tsikriki, Aikaterini, Dimoula, Sofia, Kanakaki, Aristeidis, Vakalos, Konstantinos, Pagioulas, Judy Enamorado Enamorado, Gabor, Nardai, Fatime, Hawchar, Asbjorn, Blondal, Brynja, Rygvadottir, Rannveig, J Jonasdottir, Hrönn, Birgisdottir, Bhagyesh, Shah, Shuchi, Kaushik, Swagata, Tripathy, Mukta, Singh, Sonika, Agarwal, Manish, Gupta, Meraj, Ahmad, Kishore, Mangal, Vaibhav, Bhargava, Vilas, Kushare, Simant, Jha, Lakshay, Bhakhtiani, Manoj, Kamal, Arvind, Baronia, Ade, Susanti, Mayang Indah Lestari, Zulkifli, Zulkifli, Windu, Baskoro, Farid, Zand, Fatemeh, Zarei, Ata, Mahmoodpoor, Farshad, Heidari, Fateme, Jafaraghaee, Aidan, O'Shea, Fiona, O'Shea, Caroline, O'Donnell, Geraldine, Craig, Gerry, Fitzpatrick, Lisa, Dunne, Jennifer, Hastings, Brian, Marsh, Caitriona, Cody, Elizabeth, Campbell, Deirdre, Doyle, Michelle, Pacturanan, Christine, Sheehan, Annette, Carey, Charlotte, Carter, Regina, Mulvey, Damien O'Connell Rosemary Finn, Catherine, Motherway, Amy, Walsh, Jennifer, Kehoe, Shella, Delossantos, Jennifer, Lalor, Siobhan, O'Nuallain, Helena, Behan, Sandra, Mcpherson, Ailesh, Corcoran, Patricia, Gordon, Glenda, Rooney, Dassy, Levy, Mazal, Azencot, Vladimir, Gurevich, Alinoy, Lavy, Valentina, Bendelari, Romina, Marconi, Antonio, Barone, Chiara, Gatti, Andrea, Giampaoletti, Cinzia, Borgognoni, Davide Massimo Ghioldi, Arena, Raimondo, Giacomo, Castiglione, Anna Vita Bruno, Giorgia, Rubulotta, Antonella, Mo, Amalia, Corso, Salvatore, Girianni, Andrea, Bruni, Eugenio, Garofalo, Salvatore Maurizio Maggiore, Alessandro Di Risio, Italo, Calamai, Rosario, Spina, Savino, Spadaro, Carlo Alberto Volta, Antonella, Cotoia, Lucia, 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Harding-Goldson, Shunsuke, Taito, Nobuaki, Shime, Ryohey, Yamamoto, Fumiya, Kanda, Akemi, Hirao, Moritoki, Egi, Ayako, Noguchi, Satoru, Hashimoto, Umeda, Aya, Hideaki, Sakuramoto, Akira, Ohuchi, Jun, Kataoka, Kumi, Maruyama, Izumi, Nakayama, Yoshimasa, Nishime, Koji, Fujimoto, Kenji, Takahashi, Mayumi, Tsujimoto, Masako, Shimizu, Eunice, Tole, Malcolm, C Correia, Je Hyeong Kim, Sunghoon, Park, Kyung Chan Kim, Jonghyun, Baek, Jung-Min, Bae, So Young Park, Tai Sun Park, Heung Bum Lee, Seung Yong Park, Jisoo, Park, Lee, Yeon-Joo, Cho, Young-Jae, Sang-Miin, Lee, Kyeongman, Jeon, Seok Chan Kim, Jongmin, Lee, Hyun Keun Chee, Jin Won Huh, Yun Su Sim, Junghyun, Kim, Youjin, Chang, Jong-Joon, Ahn, Byung Ju Kang, Won-Yeon, Lee, Seok Jeong Lee, Nehat, Baftiu, Ivasr, Krastins, Sonia, Stiban, Michel El Feghaly, Elie, Gharios, Marie, Merheb, Mohamed, Benlamin, Ala, Khaled, Wesal Ali Belkhair, Majd, Tabib, Firas, Ashour, Ahmed, Elhadi, Osama Wanees Emhemid Tababa, Taha, Khaled, Soad Imhmed, R Alkhumsi, Abdualhamid, I Alshrif, Ahmed Ali Aboufray, Aya, Alabuzidi, Ahmed Ramadan Triki, Mala, Elgammudi, Hajer Ben Zahra, Enas, Soula, Maram Milud Said Al-Alawi, Hazem, Ahmed, Mohamed Abdurazzag Ali Ghula, Saulius, Vosylius, Lucie, Mouton, Touraj, Rastegar, Claude, Sertznig, Gilles, Martin, Christian, Theisen, Christian, Ferretti, Fränk, Gils, Marc, Gallion, Asmah, Zainudin, Laila Kamaliah Kamalul Bahrin, Shanti Rudra Deva, Azmin Huda Abdul Rahim, Sherliza, Wahab, W Nazaruddin, W Hassan, Wan Nasrudin Wan Ismail, Mohd Nazri Ali, Tien Meng Khoo, Noryani Mohd Samat, Jenny May Geok Tong, Nik Azman Nik Adib, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, Shanthi, Ratnam, Nahla, Ismail, Siti Rohayah Sulaiman, Kit Weng Foong, Anita, Alias, Ngu Pei Hua, Jorge Macias Zermeno, Daniel, Blanco, Karely, Duran, Claudia Lizbeth Lopez Nava, San Juan Roman Nandyelly, Luis Alejandro Sanchez-Hurtado, Brigitte, Tejeda-Huezo, Mario Del Moral Armengol, Luis Pedro Ambriz Nava, Jorge Guerra Herrera, Gilberto Felipe Vazquez de Anda, Humberto, Gallegos-Perez, Nancy, Hernandez-Sanchez, Lucia, Hernandez-Ponce, Luis, Gorordo-Delsol, Marcos, Hernandez-Romero, Saira, Gomez, Fernando, Molinar, Silvio, A Ñamendys-Silva, Juan, P Romero-Gonzalez, Daira, Gonzalez, Antonio, Landaverde, Miguel Ángel Sosa, Berenice, Navarro, José Ivan Rodriguez de Molina Serrano, Sergio Reyes Iburrigarro, Alejandro, Ibarra, Joaquin, Aguirre, Mayra, Martinez-Gonzalez, Nayeli Rocio Cañas Padilla, Ana Alícia Velarde Pineda, Missael Vladimir Espinoza Villafuerte, María Ocotlan Gonzalez Herrera, Battsetseg, Baasanjav, Abdelhamid, Hachimi, Mina, Elkhayari, Tarek, Dendane, Nisha Bhandari Subedi, Sabina Dhakal Pathak, Meena, Manandhar, Laura Van Gulik, Mark Van Den Brink, Peter Van Vliet, Benjamin, Gerretsen, Lettie Van Den Berg, Marina De Haan, Binny, Tuinstra, Paul, Kuijpers, Jennifer, Reijntjens, Jan Wytze Vermeijden, Martin, Rinket, Margijske, Vanroest, Auke, Reidinga, Bert, Loef, Willem, Dieperink, Marisa, Onrust, Tom, Dormans, Laura, Bormans, Matty, Koopmans, Rik, T Gerritsen, Arlette Van Den Elst, Mirjam, Evers, Oscar, Oiting, Rob, Wilting, Bart, Ramaker, Mark van der Kuil, Jan-Willem, Fijen, Lenneke, Haas, Jasper, Haringman, Lynette, Newby, Eileen, Gilder, Danielle, Hacking, Rica, Dagooc, Rima, Song, Hansjoerg, Waibel, Frances, Dawn, Jackie, Rapley, Llesley, Chadwick, Carmel, Chapman, Petra, Crone, Jonathan, Albrett, Peter, Marko, Jennifer, Goodson, Troy, Browne, Richard, Whitticase, Cheryl, Davidson, Harriet, Judd, Daniel, Owens, Tonia, Onyeka, Innocent, Ugwu, Rose, Ilesanmi, Prisca Olabisi Adejumo, Afolabi, Owojuyigbe, Anthony, Adenekan, Stella, Uba, Christiana, Chime, Deborah, Jibrin, Babangida John Sankey, Oyebola, Adekola, Simeon, Olanipekun, Mirjana, Shosolcheva, Vanja, Gievski, Andrijan, Kartalov, Filip, Naumovski, Biljana, Kuzmanovska, Angela, Trposak, Zaneta, Bogoevska-Miteva, Rodney, Rosalia, Brita Fosser Olsen, Britt, Sjobo, Karianne Dale Jensen, Drammen, Sykehus, Birgitte Fosser Johansen, Esben, Straede, Edda, Johansen, Inger Johanne Finnstrom, Annette, Toellefsen, Hege, Ostenjo, Hege, Bjorgen, Bjorn, Bratsberg, Elin, Kristoffersen, Elin Mari Skorstad, Siri, Hansen, Sylvi, Vullum, Gro Anne Lunde, Wenche, Arntsen, Mette, Lund, Gro Ringstad Akselsen, Kristina Reinertsen Monstad, Ane, Stenset, Hanne, Haugom, Bjoern, Monsen, Lisa, Høgvall, Siw, Trudvang, Britt, Galaaen, Siv Karin Malmin, Marit Hildegunn Andersen, Rita Foss Hargott, Yvonne, Andersen, Elin, Steffenak, Marit, Nyhus, Barbro, Meland, Madiha, Hashmi, Noelia, Rivas, Elizabeth, Maidana, Alberto de Jesús Ortiz, Dolly Mabel Bordon Cabral, Marcelo, Simi, Cesar, Aponte, Juan Carlos Rivas, Sirley, Gill, Amilcar, Garcia, Gloria, Alvarenga, Laura, Cespedes, Hugo, Perez, Maria Liz Moreira, Fidelina, Canete, Roberto, Gonzalez, Natalia, Monges, Mary, Coman, Marcelo, Pederzani, Natalia, Franco, Ferdinand, Aganon, Regina, Martinez, Debbie, Noblezada-Uy, Chris Gerome Ellazar, Franklin Dean Cerezo, Jose Emmanuel Palo, Cristal April Jane Aperocho, Michael, Isanan, Marta, Tubacka, Przemyslaw, Jasiewicz, Miroslaw, Czuczwar, Michal, Borys, Aleksandra, Gutysz-Wojnicka, Lidia, Glinka, Ryszard, Gawda, Jan, Bilawicz, Paula, Cabrita, João, Vieira, Margarida Ferreira Figueiredo, Cristiana Mota Pinheiro, Nelson, Antunes, Laura, Pedro, Fatima, Ferreira, Isabel, Parente, Maria, Varela, Fatima, Fernandes, Claudia, Martins, Abel, Viveiros, Raquel, Cavaco, Clara Santa Rita, Sofia, Dias, Ana Margarida Feranandes, Pedro, Silva, Catarina, Nunes, João, Cabral, Filpe, Pires, Hilaryano, Ferreira, Jacinta, Santos, Vitor Manuel Vaz Pinto, Bruno Miguel Bispo, Amelia, Ferreira, Elena, Molinos, Estevão, Lafuente, Ricardo, Gregorio, Humberto, Costa, Ângela, Lima, Susana, Ferreira, Vanda, Seromenho, Eulália, Luis, Idália, Valerio, Helena, Cesar, Ana, Tavares, Ahmed Subhy Alsheikhly, Saeed, Mahmood, Catalin Traian Guran, Alida, Moise, Daniela Carmen Filipescu, Mihail, Luchian, Mihai, Popescu, Monica Adriana Scutariu, Cristina, Petrisor, Natalia, Hagau, Ioana, Grigoras, Tatiana, Patrichi, Vitaly, Gusarev, Alexandra, Pivkina, Vladimir, Kulakov, Olga, Ignatenko, Julia, Kovaleva, Trina, Zhivotneva, Marina, Zhedaeva, Nikita, Matiushkov, Olga, Ershova, Natalya, Egorova, Victoria, Khoronenko, Danil, Baskakov, Dmitry, Sergeev, Michael, Piradov, Liudmila, Grishina, Marat, Magomedov, Evgeniy, Zuev, Uri, Gorokhovatsky, Anna, Leonova, Liudmila, Fadeeva, Vladislav, Belskiy, Dmitriy, Galishevskiy, Nadezhda, Zubareva, Maksim, Tribulev, Oksana, Zueva, Alexander, Kiselev, Nikolaj, Kamenshchikov, Ekaterina, Tokareva, Maxim, Petrushin, Irina, Starchenko, Isaac, Nshimyumuremyi, Jerome, Muhizi, Egide, Buregeya, Josue, Nzarora, Amer, Assiri, Maie Salem Ebaid, Ghaleb, Almekhlafi, Yasser, Mandourah, Jelena, Velickovic, Dejan, Veličković, Bojan, Jovanovic, Adi, Hadzibegovic, Branislava, Stefanovic, Vanja, Misic, Vesna, Bumbasirevic, Marija, Rajković, Milena, Stojanovic, Srđan, Gavrilovic, Maja, Stanojević, Aktham, Yaghi, Anton, Turčan, Peter, Firment, Garri, Slobodianiuk, Daria, Rabarova, Danca, Lančaričová, Janko, Vlaovic, Matjaž, Groznik, Milica, Lukic, Janja, Perme, Maja, Sostaric, Nejc, Umek, Tomislav, Mirkovic, Simon, Dolenc, Misa, Fister, Nika, Zorko, Andrej, Markota, Nomhle Princess Yeni, Phumele, Jali, Shelley, Schmollgruber, Muhommed Ridwaan Syed, Nivisha, Parag, Robert, Wise, Maria, Galiana, José Alejandro Navarro, Ana María De Pablo, Patricia, Albert, Pilar, Martinez, Yolanda, Mendiara, Barbara, Garcia, Ana Alabart Llinas, Marilyn, Riveiro, Elisabet, Gallart, Alba, Riera, Miquel, Sanz, Swagotika, Salo, Miguel Angel Gimenez Lajara, Montserrat Venturas Nieto, Rosa, Garcia, José Manuel Garcia Pena, Maria Carmen Gorgolas, Maria Aranzazu Isasi, Rafael, Sierra, Federico, Gordo, Isabel, Conejo, Vicent, Salvà-Costa, Carolina, Garzón-Tovar, Sara, Lospitao, Rafael, Gonzalez, Pedro, Gutierrez, Mercè, Girona, Jordi, Adamuz, Pablo Garcia Olivares, José Peral Gutierrez de Ceballos, Celia, Tirado, Irene De Wit, Ana Belén Curto Polo, Maria Del Mar Diaz Salcedo, Javier, Ripolles-Melchor, Eugenio, Martinez-Hurtado, Jorge Duerto Alvarez, María Luisa Bravo Arcas, Juan Ignacio Torres Gonzalez, Ana Belén Sánchez de la Ventana, Pablo Lopez-Arcas Calleja, Raquel Garcia Alvarez, Purificacion Sanchez Zamora, Alvaro Ortega Guerrero, Rosario, Cosano, Jonathan, Perez-Vacas, Margarita, Campos-Perez, Emma Moreno Barreiro, Losune Cano Sanchez, Monica Garcia Diaz, Raquel, Jimenez, Lorena Del Rio Cabajo, Daniel Sancho Muriel, Helena Fernandez Alonso, Ana Wensell Fernández, Isabel Santín Piñan, Guillermo Muñiz Albaiceta, Maria Cristina Iglesias Fernandez, Francisco Javier Saenz Abos, Pablo, Monedero, Ramon Molina Chueca, Lydia Gallego Aguirre, Silvia Call Manosa, Carmen Partera Luque, Neus, Calpe, Monica Recio Losilla, Meritxell Tapia Fores, Olga, Farre, Oscar, Fernandez, M Del Rosario Villar Redondo, Donaldo, S Arteta Arteta, Maria Angeles Hurtado Sanchez, Cristina Paños Espinosa, Laura Martinez Reyes, Laura Claramunt Domenech, Carmen Velasco Guillén, Josep Trenado Alvarez, Mercedes Del Cotillo, Jesus Emilio Barrueco-Francioni, Belen Burgos Conde, Maria Pilar Sogues Blanco, Maria Luisa Blasco, Ana Isabel Clement, Clara, Hurtado, Luz Coronado Sanz, David, Perez-Torres, Estefanía, Prol-Silva, Jorge, Pereira, Iván Areán González, Anastasio Espejo Cano, Cesar Rodriguez Nuñez, Inmaculada Lorenzo Fernadez, Alejandra Azahara Marguello Fernandez, Rosa Del Bosque Diez, Badiola, Hilario, Begoña, Zalba-Etayo, Ana, Pascual-Bielsa, Preveen, Banwarie, Dick, Nahar, Alisha van Axel, Naraindath, N Boedjawan, Erika Backlund Jansson, Ann-Sofie, Malvemyr, Lotta, Johansson, Ulla, Sandberg, Catarina, Tingsvik, Gunilla, Mattsson, Gun, Löf, Martin, Spångfors, Mona, Ringdal, Sebastian, Geijer, Lotti, Orvelius, Mia, Hylen, Caroline, Lagerhäll, Eva, Åkerman, Viveca Hamback Hellkvist, Ulrica, Mickelsson, Ewa, Wahlbom, Ing-Marie, Larsson, Ewa, Wallin, Filippo, Boroli, Solenne, Ory, Margaret Lynn Jong, Alexander, Dullenkopf, Martin, Lang, Yvan, Fleury, Marianne, Maus, Nawfel, Ben-Hamouda, Anne, Fishman, Mei Yu Hsu, Shu Chuan Chang, Konlawij, Trongtratul, Chaiwut, Sawawiboon, Sunthiti, Morakul, Bodin, Khwannimit, Keevan, Singh, Dale, Ventour, Dianne, Figaro-Barclay, Sasha, Sankar-Maharaj, Mhamed Sami Mebazaa, Salma, Kamoun, Souheil, Elatrous, Lamia, Besbes, Fekri, Abroug, Walid, Naija, Youssef Zied Elhechmi, Walid, Sellami, Zied, Hajjej, Takoua, Merhabene, Imen, Talik, Ozlem Ozkan Kuscu, Ozcengiz, Dilek, Avşar, Zerman, Hayriye Cankar Dal, Sema, Turan, Semih, Aydemir, Hakan, Yilmaz, Duygu Kayar Calili, Seval, İzdes, Melike, Cengiz, Ayça, Gümüş, Banu, Taşdemir, Ali, Kağnıcı, Mustafa, Ay, Serap Avcı Ay, Gulbahar, Caliskan, Turkay, Akbas, Abidin Oner Balbay, Serdar, Efe, Volkan, Inal, Gülseren, Elay, Pınar, Karabacak, Boğaç, Özserezli, Evren, Şentürk, Oktay, Demirkiran, Suha, Bozbay, Elif, Erdogan, Mustafa, Akker, Nebia, Peker, Asu, Ozgultekin, Sibel Ocak Serin, Can, Turan, Gulsah, Karaoren, Senay, Goksu, Sait, Karakurt, Huseyin, Arikan, Fethi, Gül, İsmail, Cinel, Iskender, Kara, Hasan Nabi Undar, Yesim Serife Bayraktar, Jale Bengi Çelik, Murat Emre Tokur, Demet Tok Aydin, İsmail, Yildiz, Beysim, Özcan, Başar, Erdivanli, Ahmet, Eroglu, Devrim, Akdağ, Nurdan, Ünlü, Adonis, Dungca, Ashwaq, Ali, Bindu, Thankamma, Paul Eric Reyes, Sini, John, Ajitha, Rajendran, Fatima Kasem El Ahmad, Kathleen Ann Smiley, Susanna, Hojden, Mia Thorning Miller, Vishnu Das Sasidharan Nair, Maria Gracia San Antonio, Khaled Al Qawasmeh, Sabah Abu Shawish, Hilary, Twiggs, Ines, Rosado, Volodymyr, Babych, Faye, Morren, Charlotte, Young, Nicola, Vaughan-Jones, Stephanie, Harris, Karen, Burns, Carmel, Georgiev, Rosina, Shayamano, Ian, Kerslake, Peter, Creber, Ana, Vochin, Catherine, O'Brien, Paul, Caddell, Samantha, Hagan, Mandy, Hughes, Tomasz, Torlinski, James, Sherwin, Santhana, Kannan, Amber, Markham, Richard, Lebon, Jason, Cupitt, Julius, Cranshaw, Nigel, White, Victoria, Marriott, Wendy, Milner, Casiano Barrera Groba, Joao, Azoia, Petra, Polgarova, Shaly, George, Ritoo, Kapoor, Ceri, Lynch, Nathalie, Fox, Karen, Cranmer, Natalie, Fox, Thomas, Llewellym, Kelly, Matthews, Louise, Maltby, Jowena, Ibao, Karen, Boulton, Rachel, Jarman, Karen, Baxter, Ashok Sundai Raj, Arif, Moghal, Joanne, White, Suzanne, Barrowcliffe, Mark, Pulletz, Vaarisan, Ganeshalingam, Rosaleen, Baruah, Carole, Boulanger, Helen, Baker, Justin, Woods, Poe Poe Ei, Vongayi, Ogbeide, Paul, Hayden, Jennifer, Hughes, Madhu, Balasubramanian, Armorel, Salberg, Rajnish, Saha, Dagmar, Holmquist, Claire, Derbyshire, Neil, Smith, Elizabeth, Stones, Jane, Ademokun, Monica, Popescu, Maria Schofield Legorburo, Samantha, North, Carole, Brett, Helen, Jaundoo, Jayne, Craig, Simon, Whiteley, Clare, Howcroft, Liz, Wilby, Peter, Delve, David, Shaw, Karen, Williams, Ingeborg, D Welters, Jane, Mcmullen, Stephen, Brett, Leah, Flores, Treiza, Trueman-Dawkins, Mae, Templeton, John, Adams, Catherine, Smith, John, Prowle, Heather, Byers, Andrea, Mcdonnell, Bernd Oliver Rose, Rosie, Reece-Anthony, Luis, Mendes, Marcela, Vizcaychipi, Rhian, Bull, Grace, Lacaden, Eleanor, Santiago, Carlos Castro Delgado, Sarah, Farnell-Ward, Elaine, Thorpe, Justine, Somerville, Anne, Williams, Donna, Cummings, Helen, Derrick, Sarah, Brumwell, Claire, Randell, Nicola, Mccann, Emma, Aves, Gillian, Berry, Tamas, Szakmany, Una, Gunter, Paul, Pulak, Nikki, Sarkar, Kerry, Wright, Vitor, Gomes, Jones, Jo, Ruth, Palfrey, Julie, Camsooksai, Abby, Lewis, Antony, Eneas, Ascanio, Tridente, Louise, Barr, Beverley, Thomas, Emma, Parkin, Daniel, Horner, Christian, Frey, Suzanne, Bench, Rachel, Baumber, Phil, Broadhurst, Matthew, Jackson, Lynne, Williams, Michele, Clark, Jonathan, Paddle, Sarah, Bean, Sarah, Buckley, Christopher, Palfreeman, Sophie, Liu, Nicola, Allison, Ben, Attwood, Penny, Parsons, Victoria, Houghton, Sarah Jane Turner, David, Higgins, Egidija, Bielskute, Nicola, Horrigan, Reni, Jacob, Karen, Habgood, Ahmed, Zaki, Amy, Collins, Jenny, Lord, Charalice, Ramiro, Agnieszka, 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European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Trials Group Collaborators, Muzha, D., Ribas, A.M., Lipovesty, F., Loudet, C., Coyer, F., Eller, P., Mostafa, N., Honoré, P.M., Telleria, V.M., Smajic, J., Nogueira, P.C., Nafees, KMK, Hentchoya, R., Rose, L., Soledad, J., Lin, F., Cardenas, Y., Reyes, A.G., Sustic, A., Mpouzika, M., Vymazal, T., Jensen, H.I., Aguirre-Bermeo, H., Maddison, L., Valta, M., Calvino-Gunther, S., Bloos, F., Adipa, F.E., Koulouras, V., Enamorado, J., Ágoston, Z., Birgisdóttir, H., Gupta, A., Gurjar, M., Kilapong, B., Hashemian, S.M., Martin-Loeches, I., Benbenishty, J., Cortegiani, A., Fletcher, K., Hayashi, Y., Waweru-Siika, W., Abidi, K., Lee, S.M., Hadri, B., Dolgusevs, M., Abillama, F.F., Jovaisa, T., Thix, C., Elhadi, M., Nor, B.M., Ratnam, S., Mazlan, M.Z., Maiyalagan, S., Sánchez-Hurtado, L., Belii, A., Naranpurev, M., Gautam, P., De Lange, D., Parke, R., Ilesanmi, R.E., Shosholcheva, M., Petosic, A., Lind, R., Ffarcsi, M.H., Bogarin, J., Hernandez, A.M., Mikaszewska-Sokolewicz, M., Sousa, B., Tomescu, D., Sandesc, D., Twagirumugabe, T., Gusarov, V., Ebaid, M., Jankovic, R., Slobodianiuk, G., Martonova, A., Knafelj, R., Mer, M., Maseda, E., Panka, B., Schefold, J.C., Joelsson-Alm, E., Trongtrakul, K., Merritt-Charles, L., Besbes, L.O., Dikmen, Y., Zgrzheblovska, L., Fielding, M., Rubulotta, F., Khanna, A.K., Saager, L., von der Osten, I., Greca, A., Cani, A., Xhindi, N., Hyska, G., Pinto, S., Alves, P., Esposito, R., Valgolio, E., Minope, JTS, Abdala, A., Ayala, M., Bravo, S., Bantar, A., Delgado, P., Badariotti, G., Lipovestky, F., Diaz, A., Saul, P., Setten, M., Aucapina, A., Acosta, Y., Gonzalez, V., Camputaro, L., Baccaro, F., Villa, R., Mastantuono, M., Dean, E., Rostello, O.F., Brizuela, P., Bartoli, J.R., Guereschi, M., Quiroga, C., Putruele, S., Villegas, P., Curilen, V., Fernandez, R., Nocheretti, M.G., Escalante, R.G., Loudet, C.I., Fernandez, S., Gonzalez, A.L., Alvarez, G.A., Iglesias, F., Chaparro, S., Zakalik, G., Pagella, G., Baini, M., Campos, P.A., Sabbag, I., Schmukler, A., Fonseca, I.P., Alvarez, G.M., Ramirez, M., Tapia, F., Bascary, C.A., Del Valle Gimenez, G., Bertoletti, F.P., Milioto, E., Bonsignore, PJM, Fernandez, M.A., Smith, J., Chimunda, T., Thompson, L., Maguire, T., Chaboyer, W., Watts, S., Mitchell, M., Powell, M., Lye, I., Parsons, L., Baker, N., Reynolds, C., Thompson, A., Masters, K., Sosnowski, K., Morrison, L., Leslie, G.D., Lakshmanan, R., Tabah, A., Brown, W., McDowell-Skaines, S., McLucas, A., Smith, C., Tallot, M., Jones, S., Barakat-Johnson, M., Leong, T., Butcher, R., Martin, K., Douschan, P., von Lewinski, D., Schmutz, R., Kolussi, U., Salman, F., Ateya, Z., De Decker, K., Van Regenmortel, N., Jans, A., Wijnands, P., Coremans, S., Honore, P.M., De Bels, D., Depuydt, T., Paillet, C., Jacquet, L.M., Swinnen, W., Hannes, F., Mergeay, M., Van de Velde, S., Allaert, S., Hoste, P., Borin, C., Balon, S., Fraipont, V., Biston, P., De Schryver, N., Dugernier, T., Van 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Yuan, C., Tan, L., Lin, Q., Guo, H., Yan, H., Xu, X., Zhang, W., Liang, J., Zhang, L., Tian, E., Zhao, Q., InSu, L., Dong, J., Gu, Y., Zhao, L., Qiao, H., Tuo, L., Lv, M., Zhu, J.Y., Zhu, J., Wei, Y., Liu, M., He, Y., Cheng, J., Liu, J., Jia, N., Wei, D., Wu, X., Duan, H., Lin, D., Liang, Q., Luo, X., Xiong, Y., Huang, R.F., Fu, J., Zan, T., Shi, Z., Long, Y., Lei, Y., Liu, X., Yumei, C., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y., Cheng, X., Zhijuan, W., Sun, C., Song, J., Wang, Y., Yuan, Y., Huang, Q., Yang, F., Wu, Y., Bai, X., Zheng, H., Song, M., Sun, Y., Li, Z., Luo, F., Li, L.C., Zhang, G., Xiao, L., Yu, T., Gao, G., Wei, W., Wang, F., Han, T., Li, T., Zeng, Q., Zeng, J.M., Pan, F., Wang, J., He, G., Chen, H., Zhang, F., Chao, Y., Chunhua, G., Yao, X., Bai, D., Liu, L., Liang, X., Zhang, N., Zhang, A., Hu, X., Zhang, H., Wang, R., Tak, P.S., Ho, S.W., Jiang, Q.X., Ding, X., Hong, L., Miao, L., Feng, Z., Huang, L., Wu, J., Guo, J., Zhang, B., Ma, C., Han, Y., Liu, C., Ding, M., Luan, L., Zheng, 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McPherson, S., Corcoran, A., Gordon, P., Rooney, G., Levy, D., Azencot, M., Gurevich, V., Lavy, A., Bendelari, V., Marconi, R., Barone, A., Gatti, C., Giampaoletti, A., Borgognoni, C., Ghioldi, D.M., Raimondo, A., Castiglione, G., Bruno, A.V., Rubulotta, G., Mo, A., Corso, A., Girianni, S., Bruni, A., Garofalo, E., Maggiore, S.M., Di Risio, A., Calamai, I., Spina, R., Spadaro, S., Volta, C.A., Cotoia, A., Mirabella, L., Maulicino, L., Abregal, G., Donvito, M., D'Ambrosio, P., Binda, F., Adamina, I., Galazzi, A., Negro, A., Vaschetto, R., Capuzzi, F., Boschetto, M., Stivanello, L., Bonaccorso, L., Megna, C., Iozzo, P., Rizzo, A., Scire, G., Taibi, M.R., Tranello, F.P., Manzo, A., Traina, L., Pastore, B., Quaini, A., Giusti, G.D., Montaldi, G., Piergentili, F., Mancini, F., Casaioli, S., Uccelli, F., Guarracino, F., Onelli, A., Di Gravio, V., Cossu, M., Matrona, O., Rocco, M., Alampi, D., Dellafiore, F., Ranalli, F., Bossolasco, M., Brizio, E., Migliorino, P., Cortellazi, P., Rosati, M., D'Ambrosio, F., Quagliotto, C., Roman-Pognuz, E., Peratoner, A., De Rosa, S., Martin, M.A., De Sanctis, F., Ciorba, P., Toppin, P., Harding-Goldson, H., Taito, S., Shime, N., Yamamoto, R., Kanda, F., Hirao, A., Egi, M., Noguchi, A., Hashimoto, S., Aya, U., Sakuramoto, H., Ohuchi, A., Kataoka, J., Maruyama, K., Nakayama, I., Nishime, Y., Fujimoto, K., Takahashi, K., Tsujimoto, M., Shimizu, M., Tole, E., Correia, M.C., Kim, J.H., Park, S., Kim, K.C., Baek, J., Bae, J.M., Park, S.Y., Park, T.S., Lee, H.B., Park, J., Yeon-Joo, L., Young-Jae, C., Jeon, K., Kim, S.C., Lee, J., Chee, H.K., Huh, J.W., Sim, Y.S., Kim, J., Chang, Y., Ahn, J.J., Kang, B.J., Lee, W.Y., Lee, S.J., Baftiu, N., Krastins, I., Stiban, S., Feghaly, M.E., Gharios, E., Merheb, M., Benlamin, M., Khaled, A., Belkhair, W.A., Tabib, M., Ashour, F., Elhadi, A., Tababa, OWE, Khaled, T., Alkhumsi, SIR, Alshrif, A.I., Aboufray, A.A., Alabuzidi, A., Triki, A.R., Elgammudi, M., Zahra, H.B., Soula, E., Al-Alawi, MMS, Ahmed, H., Ghula, MAA, Vosylius, S., Mouton, L., Rastegar, T., Sertznig, C., Martin, G., Theisen, C., Ferretti, C., Gils, F., Gallion, M., Zainudin, A., Bahrin, LKK, Deva, S.R., Rahim, AHA, Wahab, S., Hassan, WNW, Ismail, WNW, Ali, M.N., Khoo, T.M., Samat, N.M., Tong, JMG, Adib, NAN, Nor, MBM, Ismail, N., Sulaiman, S.R., Foong, K.W., Alias, A., Hua, N.P., Zermeno, J.M., Blanco, D., Duran, K., Nava, CLL, Nandyelly, SJR, Sanchez-Hurtado, L.A., Tejeda-Huezo, B., Del Moral Armengol, M., Nava, LPA, Herrera, J.G., de Anda, GFV, Gallegos-Perez, H., Hernandez-Sanchez, N., Hernandez-Ponce, L., Gorordo-Delsol, L., Hernandez-Romero, M., Gomez, S., Molinar, F., Ñamendys-Silva, S.A., Romero-Gonzalez, J.P., Gonzalez, D., Landaverde, A., Sosa, M.Á., Navarro, B., de Molina Serrano, JIR, Iburrigarro, S.R., Ibarra, A., Aguirre, J., Martinez-Gonzalez, M., Padilla, NRC, Pineda, AAV, Villafuerte, MVE, Herrera, MOG, Baasanjav, B., Hachimi, A., Elkhayari, M., Dendane, T., Subedi, N.B., Pathak, S.D., Manandhar, M., Van 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A.S., Goller, S., Afonso, E., Larina, E., Labeau, Sonia O. 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[0000-0003-2145-0345], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Critical Care, Labeau S.O., Afonso E., Benbenishty J., Blackwood B., Boulanger C., Brett S.J., Calvino-Gunther S., Chaboyer W., Coyer F., Deschepper M., Francois G., Honore P.M., Jankovic R., Khanna A.K., Llaurado-Serra M., Lin F., Rose L., Rubulotta F., Saager L., Williams G., Blot S.I., Muzha D., Ribas A.M., Lipovesty F., Loudet C., Eller P., Mostafa N., Telleria V.M., Smajic J., Nogueira P.C., Nafees K.M.K., Hentchoya R., Soledad J., Cardenas Y., Reyes A.G., Sustic A., Mpouzika M., Vymazal T., Jensen H.I., Aguirre-Bermeo H., Maddison L., Valta M., Bloos F., Adipa F.E., Koulouras V., Enamorado J., Agoston Z., Birgisdottir H., Gupta A., Gurjar M., Kilapong B., Hashemian S.M., Martin-Loeches I., Cortegiani A., Fletcher K., Hayashi Y., Waweru-Siika W., Abidi K., Lee S.-M., Hadri B., Dolgusevs M., Abillama F.F., Jovaisa T., Thix C., Elhadi M., Nor B.M., Ratnam S., Mazlan M.Z., Maiyalagan S., Sanchez-Hurtado L., Belii A., 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Subjects: Male, Original, medicine.medical_treatment, artificial, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences, Pressure ulcer, law.invention, Decubitus epidemiology, ICU, Morbidity, Mortality, Outcome, Pressure injury, Risk factors, Adult, Aged, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Patient Discharge, Prevalence, Risk Factors, Intensive Care Units, Respiration, Artificial, 0302 clinical medicine, decubitus epidemiology, pressure injury, pressure ulcer, outcome, risk factors, morbidity, mortality, law, Medicine and Health Sciences, adults, Medicine, Simplified Acute Physiology Score, icu, ziekenhuissterfte, Immunodeficiency, intensive care, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Trials Group Collaborators, mannen, volwassenen, COST, Intensive care unit, STATE, ULCERS, Underweight, medicine.symptom, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, risicofactoren, Decubitus epidemiology, ICU, Pressure injury, Pressure ulcer, Outcome, Risk factors, Morbidity, Mortality, pressure injuries, Intensive Care Unit, prevalentie, NO, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, DecubICUs Study Team, 03 medical and health sciences, Critical Care Medicine, Anesthesiology, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, ouderen, Mechanical ventilation, Science & Technology, business.industry, decubitus, Risk Factor, 030208 emergency & critical care medicine, 1103 Clinical Sciences, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Emergency & Critical Care Medicine, Confidence interval, 030228 respiratory system, Emergency medicine, kunstmatige ademhaling, RISK-FACTORS, business, respiration
Abstract: Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347, Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care Nurses, Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9–27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6–16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score < 19, ICU stay > 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2–1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4–1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3–3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat.
Published: 2021
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37. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio predicts all-cause mortality in patients with carotid arterial disease

Author: Savas Celebi, Basri Amasyali, Mehmet Serkan Cetin, Mujgan Tek, Erdem Diker, Berkten Berkalp, TOBB ETÜ, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, TOBB ETU, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medical Sciences, Tek, Müjgan, Cetin, Mehmet Serkan, Diker, Erdem, Çelebi, Savaş, Amasyalı, Basri, and Berkalp, Berkten
Subjects: Carotid Artery Diseases, Male, Platelet count, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Carotid endarterectomy, carotid artery disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Carotid artery disease, medicine, Humans, Platelet, lymphocyte count, Stroke, Aged, Retrospective Studies, business.industry, Retrospective cohort study, platelet count, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, mortality, RC31-1245, Rheumatology, Cardiac surgery, body regions, Stenosis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cardiology, carotid stenosis, Female, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Background . Platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has been demonstrated as a risk and prognostic marker in many of cardiovascular diseases. A relationship between PLR and severity of carotid stenosis has been shown. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between PLR and all cause mortality in patients with carotid arterial disease. Methods . This retrospective study included 146 patients who had been performed selective carotid angiography. Carotid stenosis were graded by the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) criteria. Platelet to lymphocyte ratio was calculated as the ratio of platelets to lymphocytes. The end point of the study was all-cause mortality. Results . During median follow-up of 16 months (0-65 months) 15 (10.3%) patients suffered all-cause mortality. 50 patients (34.2%) underwent carotid endarterectomy and 69 patients (47.3%) had non-carotid cardiac surgery. 38 patients (26.02%) had cerebrovascular events (stroke/transient ischemic attack) at admission. NASCET grades were not different between survivors and non-survivors. Non-survivors had significantly lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels (12.7 ± 1.6 g/dL vs. 13.7 ± 1.7 g/dL, p = 0.031) and they were older than survivors (74.2 ± 8.4 years vs. 68.6 ± 8.5 years, p = 0.029). Non-survivors had significantly higher PLR values compared with survivors (190.3 ± 85.6 and 126.8 ± 53.8, p = 0.017). In multivariate analysis, only PLR predicted all-cause mortality in patients with carotid artery stenosis. Conclusion . In our study, higher PLR was associated with increased all-cause mortality.
Published: 2019

38. Evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea prevalence in mothers of infants with low birth weight and its relationship with serum uric acid levels as a hypoxia marker

Author: Serkan Oral, Neslihan Yerebasmaz, Basri Furkan Dağcıoğlu, Yaşam Kemal Akpak, İsmail Arslan, and Oktay Sari
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Mothers, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Birth Weight, Humans, Serum uric acid level, Hypoxia, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Sleep disorder, 030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine, business.industry, Serum uric acid, Infant, Newborn, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Large series, Infant, Low Birth Weight, Hypoxia (medical), medicine.disease, Uric Acid, Obstructive sleep apnea, Low birth weight, Endocrinology, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Uric acid, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: Serum uric acid level, which is an oxidative stress marker, may increase in some conditions that lay the ground for the hypoxia. However, recent literature lacks studies with large series on this subject. We aimed to examine the incidence of OSAS in mothers who delivered a low birth weight baby and its association with serum uric acid levels as a hypoxia marker.We enrolled 143 pregnant women, 44 of whom delivered a low birth weight (LBW) baby. We made a face-to-face interview in which we asked the questions in the patient follow-up form, comprising three sections. The form included questions regarding the sociodemographic features and obstetric history of the participant women, besides the Berlin Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. We recorded the blood test parameters that are obtained from patient records in the last section.Mean uric acid (UA) levels of mothers with a LBW baby (Uric acid levels can be used as a prognostic parameter for the closer monitoring of pregnant women who have been diagnosed with small-for-gestational-age babies during pregnancy.
Published: 2020
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39. Social adaptation status of Syrian refugee physicians living in Turkey

Author: Aylin Baydar Artantaş, İrep Karataş Eray, Mehmet Uğurlu, Yusuf Üstü, Basri Furkan Dağcıoğlu, and Ahmet Keskin
Subjects: Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Turkey, Turkish, Refugee, Population, Health Services Accessibility, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Physicians, Adaptation, Psychological, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Cultural Competency, Turkish government, education, computer.programming_language, Refugees, 0303 health sciences, Social adaptation, education.field_of_study, Primary Health Care, Syria, Refugee Camps, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 030311 toxicology, General Medicine, Health Services, language.human_language, Scale (social sciences), Family medicine, language, Female, Healthcare service, Sass, Psychology, Social Adjustment, computer
Abstract: Objectives: Since the beginning of the civil war in Syria, over 3.5 million Syrians have fled to Turkey. Considering the massive burden of healthcare service needs of this population, the Turkish government has launched an initiative as employing Syrian doctors to provide health services to their citizens in Refugee Health Centres. In this study, we aimed to explore the social adaptation status of Syrian physicians living in Turkey using a structured questionnaire and the Social Adaptation Self Evaluation Scale (SASS). Methods: Between November 2016 and April 2018, 799 physicians who participated in "Syrian Physicians' Adaptation Training" were enrolled in the study and underwent a structured questionnaire that questioned socio-demographic data and the SASS. The participants were divided into two groups as having poor and normal/high SASS scores. The binary SASS groups were compared with some demographic data. Results: The median SASS score of the respondents was found as 43 (min. 10, max. 60, IQR 10) which can be accepted as normal. In the binary grouping, it was seen that 107 (13.39%) participants had poor social adaptation, whereas 692 (86.61%) participants had normal or high social adaptation scores. The physicians who were certain about not going back to Syria had significantly higher SASS scores. Conclusion: The social adaptation scores of the Syrian physicians were considerably high. The adaptation status was found to be associated with some characteristics like living in Turkey for a long time and having pre-knowledge about the Turkish healthcare system.
Published: 2020
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40. The Effect of Renal Replacement Therapy and Antibiotic Dose on Antibiotic Concentrations in Critically Ill Patients: Data From the Multinational Sampling Antibiotics in Renal Replacement Therapy Study

Author: Roberts, Jason, Joynt, Gavin, Lee, Anna, Choi, Gordon, Bellomo, Rinaldo, Kanji, Salmaan, Mudaliar, M Yugan, Peake, Sandra, Stephens, Dianne, Taccone, Fabio Silvio, Ulldemolins, Marta, Valkonen, Miia Maaria, Agbeve, Julius, Baptista, João, Bekos, Vasileios, Boidin, Clement, Brinkmann, Alexander, Buizen, Luke, Castro, Pedro, Cole, C Louise, Creteur, Jacques, de Waele, Jan, Deans, Renae, Eastwood, Glenn, Escobar, Leslie, Gomersall, Charles, Gresham, Rebecca, Jamal, Janattul Ain, Kluge, Stefan, König, Christina, Koulouras, Vasilios, Lassig-Smith, Melissa, Laterre, Pierre-Francois, Lei, Katie, Leung, Patricia, Lefrant, Jean-Yves, Llauradó-Serra, Mireia, Martin-Loeches, Ignacio, Mat Nor, Mohd Basri, Ostermann, Marlies, Parker, Suzanne, Rello, Jordi, Roberts, Darren, Roberts, Michael, Richards, Brent, Rodríguez, Alejandro, Roehr, Anka, Roger, Claire, Seoane, Leonardo, Sinnollareddy, Mahipal, Sousa, Eduardo, Soy, Dolors, Spring, Anna, Starr, Therese, Thomas, Jane, Turnidge, John, Wallis, Steven, Williams, Tricia, Wittebole, Xavier, Zikou, Xanthi, Paul, Sanjoy, Lipman, Jeffrey, Andresen, Max, Baltazar, Sónia, Barbar, Saber, Costa, Eulália, Durand, Dominique, Freitas, Ricardo, Frey, Otto, Guerra Valero, Yarmarly, Haughton, Margaret, Koeberer, Andreas, Kollef, Marin, Klein, Kerenaftali, Mehta, Ravindra, Mckenzie, Cathy, Muller, Laurent, Nair, Priya, Nayyar, Vineet, Ordóñez Mejia, Jenny, Panagou, Georgia-Laura, Paxton, Jody, Peck, Leah, Samanta, Mayukh, Vincent, Jean-Louise, Wan, Ruth, Young, Helen, University of Southern Queensland (USQ), Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital [Brisbane, Australia] (RBWH), Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, SMARRT Study, ANZICS Clinical Trials Group, The Chinese University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong], Austin Hospital [Melbourne], Austin Health, The Ottawa Hospital, The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Centre for Rehabilitation Research and Development, 505 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, Canada, K1H 8M2., Westmead Hospital [Sydney], The University of Sydney, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (TQEH), University of Adelaide, Monash University [Melbourne], Royal Darwin Hospital, Flinders University [Adelaide, Australia], National Critical Care and Trauma Response Centre (Darwin) (NCCTRC), Hôpital Erasme [Bruxelles] (ULB), Faculté de Médecine [Bruxelles] (ULB), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)-Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Barcelona Biomedical Research Park (PRBB), Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge [Barcelone] (IDIBELL), Faculty of Medecine [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário [Coimbra], Athens Naval Hospital, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Kliniken Landkreis Heidenheim, Melbourne EpiCentre, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ICMiD), Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Nepean Hospital, Ghent University Hospital, Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] (USACH), University of Sydney and Nepean Hospital, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan (HTAA), Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), University Hospital of Ioannina, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital, Cliniques universitaires St Luc [Bruxelles], Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital [London], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes), Universitat Internacional de Catalunya [Barcelona] (UIC), St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, International Islamic University Malaysia [Kuala Lumpur], Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), University of South Australia [Adelaide], Basil Hetzel Institute (BHI), Translational Research Institute (TRI), Gold Coast University Hospital, University Hospital of Tarragona 'Joan XXIII', University Rovirai Virgili de Tarragona (URV), Ochsner Medical Center, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Roberts, Jason A., Joynt, Gavin M., Lee, Anna, Choi, Gordon, Roberts, Michael S., Sinnollareddy, Mahipal, and Lipman, Jeffrey
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Continuous renal replacement therapy, medicine.medical_treatment, continuous renal replacement therapy, Antibiotics, urologic and male genital diseases, MESH: Meropenem, 030226 pharmacology & pharmacy, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, law, Prospective Studies, pharmacokinetic, extended daily dialysis, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Extended daily dialysis, Intensive care unit, Anti-Bacterial Agents, 3. Good health, Renal Replacement Therapy, Infectious Diseases, MESH: Critical Illness, Vancomycin, beta-lactam, medicine.drug, MESH: Piperacillin, Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, Critical Illness, Beta-lactam, 030106 microbiology, Pharmacokinetic, Meropenem, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Anti-Bacterial Agents, Internal medicine, Intensive care, medicine, Humans, Trough Concentration, Dosing, Renal replacement therapy, Piperacillin, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Prospective Studies, renal clearance, MESH: Renal Replacement Therapy, business, Renal clearance
Abstract: Background The optimal dosing of antibiotics in critically ill patients receiving renal replacement therapy (RRT) remains unclear. In this study, we describe the variability in RRT techniques and antibiotic dosing in critically ill patients receiving RRT and relate observed trough antibiotic concentrations to optimal targets. Methods We performed a prospective, observational, multinational, pharmacokinetic study in 29 intensive care units from 14 countries. We collected demographic, clinical, and RRT data. We measured trough antibiotic concentrations of meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, and vancomycin and related them to high- and low-target trough concentrations. Results We studied 381 patients and obtained 508 trough antibiotic concentrations. There was wide variability (4–8-fold) in antibiotic dosing regimens, RRT prescription, and estimated endogenous renal function. The overall median estimated total renal clearance (eTRCL) was 50 mL/minute (interquartile range [IQR], 35–65) and higher eTRCL was associated with lower trough concentrations for all antibiotics (P < .05). The median (IQR) trough concentration for meropenem was 12.1 mg/L (7.9–18.8), piperacillin was 78.6 mg/L (49.5–127.3), tazobactam was 9.5 mg/L (6.3–14.2), and vancomycin was 14.3 mg/L (11.6–21.8). Trough concentrations failed to meet optimal higher limits in 26%, 36%, and 72% and optimal lower limits in 4%, 4%, and 55% of patients for meropenem, piperacillin, and vancomycin, respectively. Conclusions In critically ill patients treated with RRT, antibiotic dosing regimens, RRT prescription, and eTRCL varied markedly and resulted in highly variable antibiotic concentrations that failed to meet therapeutic targets in many patients.
Published: 2020
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41. Deep Convolutional Neural Network-Based Automatic Classification of Neonatal Hip Ultrasound Images: A Novel Data Augmentation Approach with Speckle Noise Reduction

Author: Aysun Sezer, Hasan Basri Sezer, Département Sciences Humaines et Sociales ENSTA Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne_SHS), and École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)
Subjects: Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Computer science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 0206 medical engineering, Biophysics, 02 engineering and technology, Signal-To-Noise Ratio, Convolutional neural network, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Discriminative model, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Median filter, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Hip Dislocation, Congenital, Ultrasonography, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Contextual image classification, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Speckle noise, Pattern recognition, Filter (signal processing), 020601 biomedical engineering, Data set, Sonographer, Neural Networks, Computer, Artificial intelligence, business
Abstract: Neonatal hip ultrasound imaging has been widely used for a few decades in the diagnosis of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). Graf's method of hip ultrasonography is still the most reproducible because of its classification system; yet, the reproducibility is questionable as a result of the high dependency on the skills of the sonographer and the evaluator. A computer-aided diagnosis system may help evaluators increase their precision in the diagnosis of DDH using Graf's method. This study describes a fully automatic computer-aided diagnosis system for the classification of hip ultrasound images captured in Graf's standard plane based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs). Automatically segmented image patches containing all of the necessary anatomical structures were given to the proposed CNN system to extract discriminative features and classify the recorded hips. For ease of evaluation, the data set was divided into three groups: normal, mild dysplasia and severe dysplasia. This study proposes a different approach to data augmentation using speckle noise reduction with an optimized Bayesian non-local mean filter. Data augmentation with this filter increased the accuracy of the proposed CNN system from 92.29% to 97.70%. This new approach for automatic classification of DDH, classifies dysplastic neonatal hips with a high accuracy rate and might help evaluators to increase their evaluation success.
Published: 2020
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42. Stochastic integrated model-based protocol for volume-controlled ventilation setting

Author: Jay Wing Wai Lee, Yeong Shiong Chiew, Xin Wang, Mohd Basri Mat Nor, J. Geoffrey Chase, and Thomas Desaive
Subjects: Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Respiratory mechanics, Respiratory System, Biomedical Engineering, General Medicine, Respiration, Artificial, Biomaterials, Model-based protocol, Critical care, Mechanical ventilation, Medical technology, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, R855-855.5, Stochastic modelling, Decision-making, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Background and objective Mechanical ventilation (MV) is the primary form of care for respiratory failure patients. MV settings are based on general clinical guidelines, intuition, and experience. This approach is not patient-specific and patients may thus experience suboptimal, potentially harmful MV care. This study presents the Stochastic integrated VENT (SiVENT) protocol which combines model-based approaches of the VENT protocol from previous works, with stochastic modelling to take the variation of patient respiratory elastance over time into consideration. Methods A stochastic model of Ers is integrated into the VENT protocol from previous works to develop the SiVENT protocol, to account for both intra- and inter-patient variability. A cohort of 20 virtual MV patients based on retrospective patient data are used to validate the performance of this method for volume-controlled (VC) ventilation. A performance evaluation was conducted where the SiVENT and VENT protocols were implemented in 1080 instances each to compare the two protocols and evaluate the difference in reduction of possible MV settings achieved by each. Results From an initial number of 189,000 possible MV setting combinations, the VENT protocol reduced this number to a median of 10,612, achieving a reduction of 94.4% across the cohort. With the integration of the stochastic model component, the SiVENT protocol reduced this number from 189,000 to a median of 9329, achieving a reduction of 95.1% across the cohort. The SiVENT protocol reduces the number of possible combinations provided to the user by more than 1000 combinations as compared to the VENT protocol. Conclusions Adding a stochastic model component into a model-based approach to selecting MV settings improves the ability of a decision support system to recommend patient-specific MV settings. It specifically considers inter- and intra-patient variability in respiratory elastance and eliminates potentially harmful settings based on clinically recommended pressure thresholds. Clinical input and local protocols can further reduce the number of safe setting combinations. The results for the SiVENT protocol justify further investigation of its prediction accuracy and clinical validation trials.
Published: 2022
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43. Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improve TGF-β, α-SMA and Collagen on Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

Author: Ade Indra, Mukti, Syafruddin, Ilyas, Syah Mirsya, Warli, Agung, Putra, Nur, Rasyid, Delfitri, Munir, Kamal Basri, Siregar, and Muhammad, Ichwan
Subjects: Male, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Erectile Dysfunction, Transforming Growth Factor beta, Animals, Humans, Female, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, Collagen, Streptozocin, Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental, Rats, Umbilical Cord
Abstract: A Erectile dysfunction (ED) is one of the well-known comorbidities in males with diabetes mellitus (DM), whose pathogenesis might be induced by dysregulation of corpus cavernosum smooth muscle cells. UC-MSCs are multipotent cells that attract considerable interest due to immunoregulatory properties and might be a potential strategy to regulate and recover the functional cells and tissues, including tissue improvement in DMED.This study aims to determine the efficacy of UC-MSCs in improving the erectile function of DMED rats through analyzing the expression of TGF-β, α-SMA, and collagen.Total number of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats (6 to 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into four groups (negative control group, positive control group, T1 group, and T2 group). After 16 h fast, 24 rats were randomly selected and intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin to induce DM. At 8 weeks after STZ injection, rats with DMED were identified by unresponsive erectile stimulation within 30 min. PC group received 500 μL; T1 rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 1x106 UC-MSCs; T2 rats treated with 500 μL PBS containing 3x106 UC-MSCs. After MSCs treatment, the rats were sacrificed and the corpus cavernosum tissues were prepared for histological observations.This study resulted in the administration of UC-MSCs could downregulate the expression of TGF-β, α-SMA, and collagen leading to the improvement of DMED.UC-MSCs improve the expression of TGF-β, α-SMA, and collagen on erectile dysfunction in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.
Published: 2022

44. Traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) usage and its association with Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC) among individuals with metabolic syndrome in primary care

Author: Nor Farha Basri, Anis Safura Ramli, Mariam Mohamad, and Khairatul Nainey Kamaruddin
Subjects: Adult, Aged, 80 and over, Complementary Therapies, Male, Traditional and complementary medicine, Adolescent, Primary Health Care, Patient assessment of chronic illness care, Research, Patient Selection, Middle Aged, Primary care, Metabolic syndrome, Young Adult, Other systems of medicine, Cross-Sectional Studies, Complementary and alternative medicine, Patient Satisfaction, Chronic Disease, Humans, Female, Medicine, Traditional, Self Report, RZ201-999, Aged
Abstract: Background Traditional and Complementary Medicine (TCM) is widely used particularly among patients with chronic diseases in primary care. However, evidence is lacking regarding TCM use among patients with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its association with patients’ experience on chronic disease conventional care that they receive. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence and pattern of TCM use, compare the patients’ experience of chronic disease care using the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care - Malay version (PACIC-M) questionnaire between TCM users and non-users and determine the factors associated with TCM use among patients with MetS in primary care. Methodology A cross-sectional study was conducted at a university primary care clinic. Patients aged 18 to 80 years old with MetS were recruited. Socio-demographic characteristic, clinical characteristics and information on TCM use and its pattern were recorded in a proforma. Patient’s experience of chronic disease conventional care was measured using PACIC-M questionnaire. The comparison of PACIC-M mean score between TCM users and non-users was measured using independent t-test. The factors associated with TCM use were determined by simple logistic regression (SLogR), followed by multiple logistic regression (MLogR). Results Out of 394 participants, 381 (96.7%) were included in the final analysis. Of the 381 participants, 255 (66.9%) were TCM users (95% CI 62.7, 71.7). Only 36.9% of users disclosed about TCM use to their health care providers (HCP). The overall mean PACIC-M score was 2.91 (SD ± 0.04). TCM users had significantly higher mean PACIC-M score compared to non-users (2.98 ± 0.74 vs 2.75 ± 0.72, p = 0.01). The independent factors associated with TCM use were being female (Adj. OR 2.50, 95% CI 1.55, 4.06), having high education level (Adj. OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.37, 3.41) and having high overall PACIC-M mean score (Adj. OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.10, 2.03). Conclusion TCM use was highly prevalent in this primary care clinic. However, the disclosure rate of TCM use to HCP was low. Females, those with high education and high PACIC-M mean score were more likely to use TCM. Further research should explore the reasons for their TCM use, despite having good experience in conventional chronic disease care.
Published: 2022
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45. The effects of stone density on surgical outcomes of retrograde intrarenal stone surgery

Author: Suleyman Hilmi Aksoy, Basri Cakiroglu, Tuncay Tas, Isil Yurdaisik, İstinye Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, Işıl Yurdaışık / 0000-0001-8316-1229, Yurdaışık, Işıl, Işıl Yurdaışık / GDD-1849-2022, Işıl Yurdaışık / 57211471093, and Aksoy, Süleyman Hilmi
Subjects: Operative Time, General Medicine, Nephrolithiasis, Kidney, Retrospective studies, Retrospective study, Kidney Calculi, Treatment Outcome, Operation duration, Operative time, Kidney calculi, Diagnostic imaging, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Treatment outcome, Retrospective Studies
Abstract: Objective: Several pre-operative parameters have been studied to estimate stone-free rate (SFR) following retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) procedures. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of stone density on surgical outcomes of RIRS. Methods: This retrospective study included 30 stone-free patients (Group SF) and 30 patients with residual fragments (Group RF). Patients’ age and gender, laterality, non-contrast CT findings, including size and density of the kidney stones, infundibular pelvic angle (IPA), operational time, and post-operative pain were recorded and compared between the two groups. The stone density was measured by free hand region of interest (ROI) determination coincident with the stone borders and expressed as Hounsfield units (HUs). Results: The rate of single stones was significantly higher in Group SF compared to Group RF (p < 0.001). The mean stone size was found as 11.93 ± 7.81 mm in Group SF and 16.27 ± 7.29 mm in Group RF with the difference being statistically significant (p < 0.001). The mean IPA was 53.87 degrees in Group SF and 50.33 degrees in Group RF. The mean density was measured as 748.17 ± 318.14 HU in Group SF and 945.90 ± 345.30 HU in Group RF. The mean stone density was statistically significantly higher in patients with residual fragments compared to the stone-free patients (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This study revealed that stone density as measured as HU affects the treatment outcomes with RIRS procedure and the mean density is significantly higher in patients with residual stone fragments. Advances in knowledge: Studies about the effects of HUs on stone-free rate are limited in the literature. Stone density affects the treatment outcomes with RIRS procedure and the mean density is significantly higher in patients with residual stone fragments.
Published: 2022

46. High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for migraine prevention: A protocol for a systematic review of controlled trials

Author: Anna Misyail Abdul Rashid, Mooi Ching Siew, Nabil Izzaatie Mohamad Safiai, Hamidon Basri, Mohd Hazmi Mohamed, Nur Afiqah Mohamad, Janudin Baharin, Intan Nureslyna Samsudin, Wei Chao Loh, Patricia Pozo-Rosich, Abdul Hanif Khan Yusof Khan, Wan Aliaa Wan Sulaiman, Liyana Najwa Inche Mat, Aaron Fernandez, Vasudevan Ramachandran, Fan Kee Hoo, Kai Wei Lee, Institut Català de la Salut, [Mohamad Safiai NI, Mohamad NA, Basri H, Inche Mat LN, Hoo FK, Abdul Rashid AM] Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia. [Rosich P] Unitat de Cefalea i Dolor Craniofacial, Servei de Neurologia, Vall d’Hebron Hospital Universitari, Barcelona, Spain. Grup de Recerca en Cefalees i Dolors Neurològics, Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain, and Vall d'Hebron Barcelona Hospital Campus
Subjects: Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/prevención & control [Otros calificadores], Physiology, medicine.medical_treatment, law.invention, Study Protocol, Database and Informatics Methods, 0302 clinical medicine, Randomized controlled trial, law, Medicine and Health Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Database Searching, Nervous System Diseases::Central Nervous System Diseases::Brain Diseases::Headache Disorders::Headache Disorders, Primary::Migraine Disorders [DISEASES], Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Brain Mapping, Multidisciplinary, Headaches, terapéutica::magnetoterapia::estimulación magnética transcraneal [TÉCNICAS Y EQUIPOS ANALÍTICOS, DIAGNÓSTICOS Y TERAPÉUTICOS], Brain, Magnetoteràpia, Research Assessment, Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Electrophysiology, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Systematic review, Brain Electrophysiology, Tolerability, Medicine, Anatomy, Therapeutics::Magnetic Field Therapy::Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation [ANALYTICAL, DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC TECHNIQUES, AND EQUIPMENT], psychological phenomena and processes, medicine.medical_specialty, Drug Research and Development, Systematic Reviews, enfermedades del sistema nervioso::enfermedades del sistema nervioso central::enfermedades cerebrales::trastornos con cefaleas::cefaleas primarias::trastornos migrañosos [ENFERMEDADES], Migraine Disorders, Science, Prefrontal Cortex, Neurophysiology, Surgical and Invasive Medical Procedures, Migranya - Tractament, Research and Analysis Methods, behavioral disciplines and activities, 03 medical and health sciences, Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/prevention & control [Other subheadings], Signs and Symptoms, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, mental disorders, medicine, Humans, Migranya - Prevenció, Clinical Trials, Transcranial Stimulation, Migraine, Pharmacology, Functional Electrical Stimulation, business.industry, Electrophysiological Techniques, Biology and Life Sciences, medicine.disease, Randomized Controlled Trials, Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Clinical trial, Transcranial magnetic stimulation, nervous system, Brain stimulation, Clinical Medicine, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience
Abstract: Migranya; Estimulació magnètica transcranial; Escorça prefrontal Migraña; Estimulación magnética transcraneal; Corteza prefrontal Migraine; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Prefrontal cortex Background Migraine may lead to a negative impact on the patients’ quality of life with a subsequent substantial burden to society. Therapy options for treatment and prevention of migraine have progressed over the years and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is one of the promising non-pharmacological options. It induces and alters electric current in the brain via repetitive non-invasive brain stimulation in high frequency. In migraine patients, two common stimulation sites are the M1 cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The mechanism on how rTMS exerts therapeutic effects on migraine is not fully established, but the main postulation is that the neuromodulation via high-frequency rTMS (hf-rTMS) might inhibit pain perception. However, evidence from studies has been conflicting, thus the usefulness of hf-rTMS as migraine preventive treatment is still uncertain at this moment. Methods This is a systematic review protocol describing essential reporting items based on the PRISMA for systematic review protocols (PRISMA-P) (Registration number: CRD42020220636). We aim to review the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of hf-rTMS at DLPFC in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) as migraine prophylactic treatment. We will search Scopus, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Plus, PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Biomed Central for relevant articles from randomised controlled clinical trials that used hf-rTMS applied at DLPFC for the treatment of migraine. The risk of bias will be assessed using the version 2 “Risk of bias” tool from Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 6.1. We will investigate the evidence on efficacy, tolerability and safety and we will compare the outcomes between the hf-rTMS intervention and sham groups. Discussion This systematic review will further determine the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of hf-rTMS applied at DLPFC for migraine prophylaxis. It will provide additional data for health practitioners and policymakers about the usefulness of hf-rTMS for migraine preventive treatment. This work is funded by Research Management Centre of Universiti Putra Malaysia under research grant number GPB/2017/9585500.
Published: 2021

47. The state of stroke services across the globe: Report of World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization surveys

Author: Thrift A. G., Martins S., Johnson W., Pandian J., Abd-Allah F., Varghese C., Mahal A., Yaria J., Phan H. T., Roth G., Gall S. L., Beare R., Phan T. G., Mikulik R., Norrving B., Feigin V. Abera S. F., Addissie A., Adeleye A., Adilbekov Y., Adilbekova B., Adoukonou T. A. Aguiar de Sousa D., Akhmetzhanova Z., Akinyemi R. O., Akpalu A. MB. ChB, Ameriso S. F., Andonova S., Abanto C., Awoniyi F. E., Bakhiet M., Basri H., Bath P. M., Bereczki D., Beretta S., Berkowitz A. L., Bernhardt J., Berzina G., Bhavsar B., Bisharyan M. S., Bovet P., Brainin M., Budincevic H., Cabral N. L., Cadilhac D A. , Caso V., Chen C., Chin J. H., Christensen H, Chwojnicki K., Conforto A. B., Cruz V. T., D'Amelio M., Danielyan K. E., Davis S., Demarin V, Dempsey R. J., Dichgans M., Dokova Donnan, G. Duran, Elizondo M. A. B., Elkind M. S., Endres M., Etedal I., Faris M. E., Fischer U., Gankpe F., Gavidia M., GayeSaavedra A., Giroud M., Gongora-Rivera F., Hachinski V., Hacke W., Hamadeh R. R., Hamzat T. K., Hankey G. J., Heldner M. R., Ibrahim N. M., Inoue M., Jee S., Jiann-Shing J., Johnston S. C., Kalkonde Y., Kamenova S., Kelly P., Khan T., Kiechl S., Kondybayeva A., Kõrv J., Kravchenko M., Krishnamurthi R., Langhorne P., Kang Z. L., Kruja J., Lavados P. M., Lebedynets D., Leung T. W., Liebeskind D. S., Lindsay P., Liu L., López-Jaramillo P., Lotufo P. A., Machline-Carrion J. M., Markus H. S., Marquez-Romero J. M., Medina M. T., Medukhanova S., Mehndiratta M. M., Mirrakhimov E., Mohl S., Murphy S., Musa K. I., Nasreldein A, Nogueira R., Nolte C. H., Noubiap J. J., Novarro-Escudero N., O'Donnell M., Ogun Y., Oraby M. I., Ovbiagele B., Ōrken D. N., Ōzdemir A. O., Ozturk S., Paccot M., Peters A., Piradov M., Platz T., Potpara T., Ranta A., Rathore F. A., Sacco R. L., Sahathevan R., Santos I. C., Saposnik G., Sarfo F. S., Sharma M., Sheth K. N., Shobhana A., Silva S. N., Suwanwela N. C., Sylaja P. N., Thakur K., Toni D., Topcuoglu M. A., Torales J., Towfighi A., Truelsen T., Tsiskaridze A., Tsong-Hai L., Tulloch-Reid M., Useche J. N., Vanacker P., Vassilopoulou S., Venketasubramanian N., Vukorepa G., Vuletic V., Wahab K. W., Wang W., Wijeratne T., Wolfe C, Yifru M. Y., YockCorrales A., Yonemoto N., Yperzeele L., Owolabi, MO, Thrift, AG, Martins, S, Johnson, W, Pandian, J, Abd-Allah, F, Varghese, C, Mahal, A, Yaria, J, Phan, HT, Roth, G, Gall, SL, Beare, R, Phan, TG, D'Amelio M, Mikulik, R, Norrving, B, Feigin, VL, and Thrift A. G., Martins S., Johnson W., Pandian J., Abd-Allah F., Varghese C., Mahal A., Yaria J., Phan H. T., Roth G., Gall S. L., Beare R., Phan T. G., Mikulik R., Norrving B., Feigin V. Abera S.F., Addissie A., Adeleye A., Adilbekov Y., Adilbekova B., Adoukonou T.A. Aguiar de Sousa D., Akhmetzhanova Z., Akinyemi R.O., Akpalu A. MB. ChB , Ameriso S.F. , Andonova S., Abanto C., Awoniyi F.E., Bakhiet M., Basri H., Bath, P.M., Bereczki D., Beretta S., Berkowitz A.L., Bernhardt J., Berzina G., Bhavsar B., Bisharyan M.S., Bovet P., Brainin, M., Budincevic H., Cabral N.L., , Cadilhac D A. , Caso V., , Chen C., Chin J.H. , Christensen H, , Di, Chwojnicki K., Conforto A.B., Cruz V.T., D'Amelio M., Danielyan K.E., Davis, S., Demarin V, Dempsey R.J., Dichgans M., Dokova, Donnan, G., Duran, J., Elizondo M.A.B., Elkind M.S., Endres M., Etedal I., Faris M.E., Fischer U., Gankpe F., Gavidia M., GayeSaavedra A., Giroud M., Gongora-Rivera F., Hachinski V. , Hacke, W., Hamadeh R.R., Hamzat T.K., Hankey G.J., Heldner M.R., Ibrahim, N.M., Inoue M., Jee S., Jiann-Shing J., Johnston S. C., Kalkonde Y., Kamenova S., Kelly P., Khan T., Kiechl S., Kondybayeva A., Kõrv J., Kravchenko M., Krishnamurthi R., Langhorne, P., Kang Z.L., Kruja, J., Lavados P.M., Lebedynets D., Leung T.W., Liebeskind D.S., Lindsay P., Liu, L., López-Jaramillo P., Lotufo P.A., Machline-Carrion J.M., Markus, H.S., Marquez-Romero J.M., Medina M.T., Medukhanova S., Mehndiratta M.M., Mirrakhimov E., Mohl S., Murphy S., Musa K.I., Nasreldein A, Nogueira R., Nolte C.H., Norrving B., Noubiap J.J., Novarro-Escudero N., O'Donnell M., Ogun Y., Oraby M.I., Ovbiagele B., Ōrken D.N., Ōzdemir A.O., Ozturk S., Paccot M., Peters A., Piradov, M., Platz T., Potpara T., Ranta A., Rathore F.A., Roth G., Sacco R.L., Sahathevan R., Santos I.C., Saposnik G., Sarfo F.S., Sharma M., Sheth K.N., Shobhana A., Silva, S.N., Suwanwela N. C., Sylaja P.N., Thakur K., Toni D., Topcuoglu M.A., Torales J., Towfighi A., Truelsen, T., Tsiskaridze A., Tsong-Hai L., Tulloch-Reid M., Useche J.N., Vanacker P., Vassilopoulou S., Venketasubramanian N., Vukorepa G., Vuletic V., Wahab K.W., Wang W., Wijeratne T., Wolfe C, Yifru M.Y., YockCorrales A., Yonemoto N., Yperzeele L.
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, media_common.quotation_subject, Globe, Commission, stroke quadrangle, Global Health, World Health Organization, World health, Article, Stroke service, rehabilitation, low and middle-income countrie, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, State (polity), prevention, Acute care, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, high-income countrie, Stroke, Developing Countries, media_common, Stroke services, Rehabilitation, business.industry, Stroke Rehabilitation, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Neurology, low- and middle-income countrie, Settore MED/26 - Neurologia, acute care, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Background Improving stroke services is critical for reducing the global stroke burden. The World Stroke Organization–World Health Organization– Lancet Neurology Commission on Stroke conducted a survey of the status of stroke services in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries. Methods Using a validated World Stroke Organization comprehensive questionnaire, we collected and compared data on stroke services along four pillars of the stroke quadrangle (surveillance, prevention, acute stroke, and rehabilitation) in 84 countries across World Health Organization regions and economic strata. The World Health Organization also conducted a survey of non-communicable diseases in 194 countries in 2019. Results Fewer surveillance activities (including presence of registries, presence of recent risk factors surveys, and participation in research) were reported in low-income countries than high-income countries. The overall global score for prevention was 40.2%. Stroke units were present in 91% of high-income countries in contrast to 18% of low-income countries (p Conclusions There is an urgent need to improve access to stroke units and services globally especially in LMICs. Countries with less stroke services can adapt strategies from those with better services. This could include establishment of a framework for regular monitoring of stroke burden and services, implementation of integrated prevention activities and essential acute stroke care services, and provision of interdisciplinary care for stroke rehabilitation.
Published: 2021

48. Barriers to and Facilitators of Mental Health Help-Seeking Behaviors Among South Asian American College Students

Author: Tamanna Basri, Kavita Radhakrishnan, and Donna Rolin
Subjects: Adult, Help-Seeking Behavior, Mental Health, Adolescent, Asian, Humans, Pshychiatric Mental Health, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Students, General Nursing, United States
Abstract: Despite the increasing size of the South Asian population in the United States, research on the mental health care wants and needs of this population is limited. The current study aimed to provide a better understanding of South Asian American college students' attitudes and behaviors with respect to professional help for psychological and mental health. Participants included 14 college students at a large central Texas university, aged at least 18 years and fluent in English, who identified ethnically as South Asian. Qualitative interviews held with participants included demographic questions. Five themes emerged from the interviews: Family Dynamics , Environment , University Resources , Access to Help , and Cultural Dynamics . High levels of mental illness, low levels of help-seeking, and unique identity interactions demonstrated a prevailing need for mental health support in South Asian American college students. Accessible mental health care in university settings can be a step toward providing appropriate mental health care for South Asian students most in need. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 60 (7), 32–38.]
Published: 2021

49. Multivariate versus univariate spectrum analysis of dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) for root resorption prediction: a clinical trial

Author: Zalhan Md Yusof, Asma Ashari, Yong Xian Teh, Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin, Mohd Norzaliman Mohd Zain, Farinawati Yazid, Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab, and Katrul Nadia Basri
Subjects: Oncology, Multivariate statistics, medicine.medical_specialty, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, business.industry, Sialoglycoproteins, Spectrum Analysis, Univariate, Root Resorption, Root resorption, medicine.disease, Phosphoproteins, Clinical trial, stomatognathic diseases, stomatognathic system, Internal medicine, Dentin, medicine, Humans, Spectrum analysis, business, General Dentistry
Abstract: Background A force applied during orthodontic treatment induces inflammation to root area and lead to root resorption known as orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). Dentine sialophosphoprotein (DSPP) is one of the most abundant non-collagenous proteins in dentine that was released into gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during OIIRR. The aim of this research is to compare DSPP detection using the univariate and multivariate analysis in predicting classification level of root resorption. Methods The subjects for this study consisted of 30 patients in 3 group classified as normal, mild, and severe groups of OIIRR. The GCF samples were taken from upper permanent central incisors in the normal and mild group while the upper primary second molars in the severe group. The DSPP qualitative detection limit was determined by analyzing the whole absorption spectrum utilizing multivariate analysis embedded with different preprocessing method. The multivariate analysis represents the multi-wavelength spectrum while univariate analyzes the absorption of a single wavelength. Results The results showed that the multivariate analysis technique using partial least square-discriminate analysis (PLS-DA) with the preprocess method has successfully improved in classification prediction for the normal and mild group at 0.88 percent accuracy. The multivariate using PLS-DA algorithm with Mean Center preprocess method was able to predict normal and mild tooth resorption classes better than the univariate analysis. The classification parameters have improved in term of the specificity, precision and accuracy. Conclusion Therefore, the multivariate analysis helps to predict an early detection of tooth resorption complimenting the sensitivity of the univariate analysis. Trial registration NCT 05077878 (14/10/2021).
Published: 2021

50. Knowledge and Attitude of Saudi Students towards Plagiarism—A Cross-Sectional Survey Study

Author: Mohammad Khursheed Alam, Abdulrahman A Alduraywish, Modhi Mohammed Nasser Alfawzan, Abdullah Hamdan Mashog Alruwili, Mshari Ali Abdullah Alolait, Rakhi Issrani, Fahad Muqbil Aljohani, Namdeo Prabhu, Alaa Yahya Ali Alghamdi, and Rehana Basri
Subjects: Male, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, knowledge, Cross-sectional study, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Saudi Arabia, Scientific literature, Article, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Students, Female students, Medical education, Copying, questionnaire, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, attitude, plagiarism, policy, Medicine, Research questions, Female, Psychology
Abstract: Background: Plagiarism (Plg) is an unacceptable practice since it affects the integrity of scientific literature. Aim and objectives: To seek students’ knowledge and attitude regarding Plg and solicit suggestions to prevent Plg in our institute. The specific objectives of the study were to ascertain whether students’ knowledge and attitudes about Plg differ by their demographic characteristics and academic years. Methodology: A 32 item questionnaire was given to all the undergraduate (UG) students of the College of Medicine and Dentistry, Jouf University, KSA. The research questions focused on demographic information, knowledge and attitude regarding Plg, and suggestions to curb Plg. Results: A total of 134 UG students filled out the survey. The samples consisted of 97 males and 37 females. Most of the students displayed adequate knowledge regarding Plg in terms of copying words or ideas, quoting references, and copying words without changing the matter. As compared to female students, male students had better awareness regarding meaningful and harmful effects of practicing Plg (p < 0.05). Additionally, our results indicate that as students climb the academic ladder, their awareness on Plg tends to rise. Common reasons for plagiarizing are discussed here together with suggestions to combat Plg. Conclusion: The results of this study can be mainly taken as an eye opener which demonstrates the vital factors pertaining to the level of students’ knowledge about Plg, and to eradicate the problem, there is a need for more discussions and training on this topic for students.
Published: 2021

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