101 results on '"HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION"'
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2. Human Capital Impacts of Income Inequality: An Extensive Empirical Analysis from the African Continent.
- Author
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SenGupta, Swapnanil
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INCOME inequality , *HUMAN capital , *LIFE expectancy , *HUMANITIES - Abstract
This paper evaluates the impacts of income inequality on life expectancy in African countries. The empirical analysis has been performed on a panel dataset of 52 African nations covering the period of 1995 to 2018. For estimating the inequality-health relationship, I have used Two-Stage Least Squares (2SLS) technique and a Panel Error Correction Model (PECM). The longrun cointegrating relationship was estimated using a Panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (PDOLS) estimator. The outcomes suggest that income inequality has negatively affected life expectancy at birth in the African continent overall. Though income inequality seems to have improved health in the short-run, in the long-run, income inequality had deleterious effects. A series of steps has been followed to check the soundness of the result of the main empirical examination and it is confirmed that the results are robust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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3. The Long-Run Effects of Conditional Cash Transfers: the Case of Bolsa Familia in Brazil.
- Author
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Laguinge, Luis, Gasparini, Leonardo, and Neidhöfer, Guido
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CONDITIONAL cash transfer programs ,WAR on poverty (United States) ,HUMAN capital ,INCOME ,BENEFICIARIES ,HOUSEHOLDS ,POLICYHOLDERS - Abstract
Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs) have become a key antipoverty policy in Latin America in the last 25 years. The ultimate goal of this kind of programs is to break the intergenerational transmission of poverty through the promotion of human capital accumulation of children in vulnerable households. In this paper, we explore this issue by estimating the long-run effects of the largest CCT in Latin America: the Brazilian Bolsa Familia. Through a combination of the two-stage-two-sample method and a difference-in-differences approach, we find evidence consistent with a positive long-run impact of Bolsa Familia among former beneficiaries. In particular, we find a significant positive effect on education and labor income, and a negative effect on the likelihood of being a current beneficiary of this social transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
4. Human capital formation and changes in low pay persistence.
- Author
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Dasgupta, Kabir and Plum, Alexander
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HUMAN capital ,LABOR market ,LABOR supply - Abstract
This study presents new empirical evidence on the role of time trends in low pay persistence. We utilize population-wide tax records to track monthly labour market trajectories of initially low-paid workers. By performing age- and qualification-specific regressions, we find that low pay persistence reduces with time. However, the magnitude is highly heterogeneous across workforce characteristics. For a qualified worker in their early 20s, the risk of staying on low-pay declines by, on average, 5–10% points after one year. For a worker in their 50s, persistence remains almost unchanged regardless of their qualification level. We conclude that policy initiatives need to be more nuanced than a simple one-size-fits-all approach by accounting for time trends in low-pay persistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. THE EFFECTS OF LABOUR MIGRATION AND BRAIN DRAIN SYNDROME ON HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION IN NIGERIA.
- Author
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EGBULE, Philip Onyekachukwu
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DEVELOPING countries ,BRAIN drain ,HUMAN capital ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,MASS migrations ,COUNTRY of origin (Immigrants) ,EMERGING markets ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
Labour migration involves the transfer and flight of technical know-how and skills from one nation to another, to secure a better job and establish a new residence. It has consequences for the individual, the country of origin and the country of destination. Over the last decades, an increasing number of developed countries have put in place different mechanisms to encourage the immigration of only the most talented, skilled individuals from developing countries. A good example is the international visa lottery scheme. This scheme is put in place perhaps because developing countries cannot fully exploit the abilities and skills of human capital, as they do not have enough jobs to offer. Thus, Nigeria and other developing countries have become a human capitalgenerating machines for the developed world. It is an indisputable truism that labour migration has adverse effects ranging from social, cultural, and political to economic upon the emigrant's country. The thrust of this paper, therefore, is to examine the factors responsible for the flood of Nigerian migrants witnessed during the past couple of years. The dynamic consequences of labour migration and brain drain syndrome on human capital formation in Nigeria will be considered. Empirical studies have established the global net benefits of labour migration, but their findings are inconclusive about the impact migration has on the emigrant's country. Hence, the need for human capital formation in an emerging economy will also be addressed. Finally, the paper will offer policy recommendations to ensure immigrants' economic contribution to developing human capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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6. La cultura organizacional como medio para una mayor calidad de vida y la calidad en el servicio.
- Author
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Josué Morales-Morales, Jaime, Alejandra Lara-Manjarrez, Itzel, and René Morales-Morales, Jesús
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CORPORATE culture , *SERVICE industries , *HUMAN capital , *QUALITY of life , *HOTELS , *QUALITY of service - Abstract
Context: The hotel industry plays a crucial role in nations' economies, contributing significantly to economic growth through tourism. Therefore, it is imperative to use companies in the hotel sector as the unit of analysis, given their dedication to providing continuous services, making it attractive to contrast with the internal aspects of the company. Purpose: The study aimed to establish the association and correspondence between the service quality variables and organizational culture dimensions. Problem: A current challenge in the service sector, particularly in hotels, is the need for more information about the impact of organizational culture as a determinant of service quality. Methodology: The research adopted a quantitative correlational, cross-sectional, nonexperimental methodology. Theoretical and practical findings: The results indicated a significant relationship between the studied dimensions of culture, with a p-value of 0.000. The chi-square test was used to address the hypotheses. Additional cultural dimensions in the investigation model can be considered or expanded for future research prospects, focusing on objects of study in the service sector. Originality from the transdisciplinary and sustainable innovation point of view: This work significantly contributes to science by providing insights into how companies in such a crucial sector as the hotel industry prioritize the improved quality of life for their employees. The internal dimension of companies is examined, emphasizing that their interest goes beyond mere wealth generation, focusing on key individuals who ensure the smooth functioning of the machinery, i.e., the collaborators. It is concluded that emphasizing the importance of organizational culture and its various components is crucial for delivering exceptional customer service. Creating optimal conditions for human capital fosters a sense of unity, resulting in more engaged collaborators who consistently strive to offer the best to customers and service users. Conclusions and limitations: Ultimately, the intrinsic connection between a robust organizational culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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7. Does Remittance and Human Capital Formation Affect Financial Development? A Comparative Analysis Between India and China.
- Author
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Pal, Shreya
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,CAPITAL movements ,ECONOMIC globalization ,REMITTANCES ,FOREIGN investments ,PUBLIC investments ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
This article examines the relationships between remittance and financial development (financial institutions and markets) in India and China on the availability of annual data from 1984 to 2018. Human capital formation is considered as a channel of remittances in financial development functions. Institutional quality, Economic globalization, foreign direct investment, economic growth, and government investment are included as a set of control variables in the financial development function. The results of the ARDL bounds test model indicate that remittance can positively impact financial development dynamics in both countries. While considering the human capital formation, higher levels of skilled human capital (secondary and tertiary enrolments) enhance financial development, but low-level human capital (primary enrolments) fails to do so. One contradiction found from the result is that remittance is negatively but significantly affecting financial institutions in India, and also detrimental to China's financial market. Oppositely, remittance positively impacts India's financial market and China's financial institutions. We find the varying impacts of control variables on financial development. The outcome of this paper stresses the necessity of a higher level of skilled human capital and improved institutional quality in both countries, which provides better utilization of remittances and other foreign and domestic financial flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Brain drain or brain gain? International labor mobility and human capital formation.
- Author
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Bongers, Anelí, Díaz-Roldán, Carmen, and Torres, José L.
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HUMAN capital , *LABOR mobility , *CAPITAL investments , *BRAIN drain , *CAPITAL gains , *HUMAN migrations , *LABOR productivity - Abstract
This paper studies the impact of international labor migration on human capital investment in both hosting and sending countries using an integrated theoretical framework. We develop a two-country dynamic stochastic general equilibrium human capital investment model with international labor mobility, in which both decisions to migrate and to invest in skill acquisition are endogenous. We show that the human capital formation process in the countries of origin is very sensitive to migration policies implemented by hosting countries. Our findings show that human capital accumulation in the sending country is encouraged by the possibility of emigration to higher labor productivity countries, supporting the recent view of the 'brain gain' hypothesis. Productivity shocks hitting the hosting country reduce the human capital investment by natives but increase the human capital investment in the sending country when migration is allowed. Finally, we find that migration increases world human capital, increasing the stock of human capital in both hosting and sending countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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9. Human Capital Formation and Income Disparity in Developing Nations: A Panel Data Analyses.
- Author
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Ishfaq, Mubashir, Ahsan, Muhammad, and Yousaf, Muhammad
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HUMAN capital ,INCOME inequality ,DEVELOPING countries ,PRICE inflation ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) - Abstract
This study efforts to analyze the impact of human capital formation (HCF) on income disparity in developing nations. The panel dataset of 24 countries from the time period of 2003 to 2018 and panel ARDL is used to estimate the results. The outcomes shows that the variables inflation rate, government final consumption expenditures and exports of goods and services are positively while human capital index is negatively persuading the income disparity in developing nations. To rise HCF, government is to define options to expand education and research as well as to emphasize higher education. In doing that so, low income personnel can enjoy better life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
10. Reinforcement or compensation? Parental responses to children's revealed human capital levels.
- Author
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Fan, Wei and Porter, Catherine
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HUMAN capital , *POOR children , *WAGES , *HOUSEHOLDS , *STANDARD deviations - Abstract
A small but increasing body of literature finds that parents invest in their children unequally. However, the evidence is contradictory, and providing convincing causal evidence of the effect of child ability on parental investment in a low-income context is challenging. This paper examines how parents respond to the differing abilities of primary school-aged Ethiopian siblings, using rainfall shocks during the critical developmental period between pregnancy and the first 3 years of a child's life to isolate exogenous variations in child ability within the household, observed at a later stage than birth. The results show that on average parents attempt to compensate disadvantaged children through increased cognitive investment. The effect is significant, but small in magnitude: parents provide about 3.9% of a standard deviation more in educational fees to the lower-ability child in the observed pair. We provide suggestive evidence that families with educated mothers, smaller household size and higher wealth compensate with greater cognitive resources for a lower-ability child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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11. Human capital formation and economic growth across the world: a panel data econometric approach.
- Author
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CUEVAS AHUMADA, VÍCTOR MANUEL and CALDERÓN VILLARREAL, CUAUHTÉMOC
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SAVINGS ,HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC development ,CAPITAL ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,PANEL analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Economía, Sociedad y Territorio is the property of El Colegio Mexiquense and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2020
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12. Why a Broad Conception of Human Capital is Needed
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Tomer, John F. and Tomer, John F.
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- 2016
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13. US Education Policy as Economic Policy
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Araya, Daniel and Araya, Daniel
- Published
- 2015
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14. IMPACT OF HUMAN CAPITAL FORMATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH.
- Author
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Islam, Muhammad Saiful and Khan, Shoaib
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HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC development ,GROSS domestic product ,PUBLIC spending - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of human capital formation on economic growth of Bangladesh. The study uses the current expenditure on health and public expense on education to measure the human capital formation and growth of gross domestic product as an economic growth proxy. The study employs the time-series data for the period 1998-2017 and performs Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test to determine data stationarity, Johansen cointegration test to examine the long-run relationship among the variables and Granger causality test to explore the direction of causality. The findings reveal that public expenditure on education causes economic growth positively, while current expenditure on health has no impact on economic growth. Similarly, growth in GDP causes expenditure on health to rise, but it has no impact on education spending. Moreover, education spending causes health expenditure to rise as well. Therefore, the policy makers need to focus more on education and find the way out to materialize the outcome of health expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
15. The impact of early life shocks on human capital formation: evidence from El Niño floods in Ecuador.
- Author
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Rosales-Rueda, Maria
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN capital , *FLOODS , *COGNITIVE testing , *INFANT mortality , *BREASTFEEDING ,EL Nino - Abstract
This paper investigates the persistent effects of negative shocks in utero and in infancy on low-income children's health and cognitive outcomes and examines whether timing of exposure matters differentially by skill type. Specifically, I exploit the geographic intensity of extreme floods in Ecuador during the 1997-1998 El Niño phenomenon, which provides exogenous variation in exposure at different periods of early development. I show that children exposed to severe floods in utero, especially during the third trimester, are shorter in stature five and seven years later. Also, children affected by the floods in the first trimester of pregnancy score lower on cognitive tests. Additionally, I explore potential mechanisms by studying health at birth and family inputs (income, consumption, and breastfeeding). I find that children exposed to El Niño floods, especially during the third trimester in utero, were more likely to be born with low birth weight. Furthermore, households affected by El Niño suffered a decline in income, total consumption, and food consumption in the aftermath of the shock. Falsification exercises and robustness checks suggest that selection concerns such as selective fertility, mobility, and infant mortality do not drive these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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16. Mass Education and Human Capital in the Capitalist World-System
- Author
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Griffiths, Tom G., Imre, Robert, Griffiths, Tom G., and Imre, Robert
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- 2013
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17. HUMAN CAPITAL - THE PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM.
- Author
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Kotova, Nina, Kotov, Sergey, Blohin, Alexander, Ogannisyan, Larisa, and Borzilov, Yuri
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HUMAN capital , *HIGHER education , *LABOR productivity , *OCCUPATIONAL training , *GRADUATE education - Abstract
The article describes the effectiveness of education system, which is the foundation element in the process of human capital formation. Nowadays higher education stands as the main element of a stable development in the modern world. It is intended to use its great potential to reproduce human capital. Education is the most efficient way to increase labor quality and productivity. This idea is massively supported by the human capital theorists all over the world As the result of the fulfilled analysis the authors find out what main objectives of higher education system must be solved to increase human capital indexes. The article also considers the problem and ways to determine the role of higher education in human capital formation, which includes upgrading students' professional training solutions of the higher education role in human capital formation, which are to increase students training. The authors conclude that higher education influences positively human potential, as well as allows conducting the analysis of forms and mechanisms of investments into lecturers and professors' human capital and understanding human capital as the final product of collaboration of higher and postgraduate education [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2017
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18. The Impact of Migration on Origin Countries: A Numerical Analysis
- Author
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Marchiori, Luca, Pieretti, Patrice, Zou, Benteng, Dawid, Herbert, editor, and Semmler, Willi, editor
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- 2011
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19. Two-Armed Restless Bandits with Imperfect Information: Stochastic Control and Indexability.
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Fryer, Roland and Harms, Philipp
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OPTIMAL stopping (Mathematical statistics) ,LEVY processes ,HUMAN capital ,JOB hunting ,VOCATIONAL guidance ,DECISION making - Abstract
Abstract. We present a two-armed bandit model of decision making under uncertainty where the expected return to investing in the "risky arm" increases when choosing that arm and decreases when choosing the "safe" arm. These dynamics are natural in applications such as human capital development, job search, and occupational choice. Using new insights from stochastic control, along with a monotonicity condition on the payoff dynamics, we show that optimal strategies in our model are stopping rules that can be characterized by an index which formally coincides with Gittins' index. Our result implies the indexability of a new class of restless bandit models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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20. The Rise and Fall of Need-Based Grants: A Critical Review of Presidential Discourses on Higher Education, 1964–1984
- Author
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Posselt, Julie Renee and Smart, John C., editor
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- 2009
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21. A Gain with a Drain? Evidence from Rural Mexico on the New Economics of the Brain Drain
- Author
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Boucher, Steve, Stark, Oded, Taylor, J. Edward, Kornai, János, editor, Mátyás, László, editor, and Roland, Gérard, editor
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- 2009
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22. An Optimal Selective Migration Policy in the Absence of Symmetric Information, and in the Presence of Skill Formation Incentives
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Stark, Oded, Casarico, Alessandra, Uebelmesser, Silke, Kornai, János, editor, Mátyás, László, editor, and Roland, Gérard, editor
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- 2009
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23. Replicable Cases? : East Asian Evidence
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Wan, Henry Y., Jr. and Wan, Henry Y., Jr.
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- 2004
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24. Gender Quotas and Human Capital Formation: A Relative Deprivation Approach.
- Author
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Hyll, Walter
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HUMAN capital ,SEX discrimination in employment ,INCOME ,SOCIAL comparison ,RELATIVE deprivation - Abstract
We study a quota's effect on individual human capital investment incentives beyond merely altering individual's overall probability of being promoted. We assume that individuals sense relative deprivation from unfavorable (income) comparisons within their reference group and that comparisons take place within the same gender. The introduction of a female quota increases (decreases) the number of women (men) holding top positions. On one hand, the relative deprivation to which female individuals are subjected to increases. These female individuals respond to an increase in their relative deprivation by acquiring additional human capital which, because it enables them to increase their earnings, reduces their relative deprivation. On the other hand, male individuals invest less in human capital in response to a decrease in relative deprivation. We show that the human capital formed by women who are encouraged to do so by the quotas is larger than the human capital that men who are discouraged by the quotas refrain from forming. However, the positive human capital accumulation effect hinges on a certain level of ability by gender and on how much individuals perceive relative deprivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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25. Human capital formation under neo-liberalism: the legacy of vocational education training in Australasia and implications for the Asia-Pacific region.
- Author
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Blumenfeld, Stephen and Malik, Ashish
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HUMAN capital ,NEOLIBERALISM ,VOCATIONAL education ,LABOR market ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This appraisal considers the role and impact of vocational education and training (VET) in Australia and New Zealand, and suggests directions such policy might take in other Asia-Pacific countries. It identifies key issues and constraints in making VET more responsive to emerging labour market needs in the region as an important factor in sustaining high economic growth. It focuses on the way in which the demands of the government, industry, trainees, and, in particular, shifts in political ideology that have influenced the education and training sectors in both countries. It addresses points of specific relevance for the delivery of VET in the broader Asia-Pacific context and concludes with a consideration of lessons and experiences of Australia and New Zealand with VET that may hold for other countries in the region in formulating priorities and implementing strategies in meeting their current and emerging needs for skills development. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2017
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26. Steady Economic Growth: The Cobb-Douglas Case with 'Engineering-School' Human Capital
- Author
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McCain, Roger A., Amman, Hans, editor, Nagurney, Anna, editor, and McCain, Roger A.
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- 2000
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27. Human capital formation and public debt: growth and welfare effects of three different deficit policies.
- Author
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Greiner, Alfred
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN capital , *PUBLIC debts , *PUBLIC welfare , *ENDOGENOUS growth (Economics) , *PUBLIC education - Abstract
We analyze an endogenous growth model public educational spending. We show that the balanced budget policy and the policy with a slight deficit yield higher growth than a debt policy where public debt grows at the same rate as GDP, unless the government is a creditor. As concerns welfare, it can be demonstrated that a strong deficit policy yields lower welfare than a balanced budget and a slight deficit policy, unless initial debt ratios are low and the intertemporal elasticity of substitution is high. Finally, there may exist an inverted U-shaped relation between welfare and deficit-financed educational spending. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
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28. Human Capital Investments and Cohesion: the Case of R&D Policy
- Author
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Martin, Reiner and Martin, Reiner
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- 1999
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29. Increasing the competitiveness of hotel enterprises on the basis of human capital development within inclusive tourism in St. Petersburg
- Subjects
human capital formation ,ÑеловеÑеÑкий капиÑал ,инклÑзивнÑй ÑÑÑизм ,конкÑÑенÑоÑпоÑобноÑÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑиниÑного бизнеÑа ,human capital ,ÑоÑмиÑование ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала ,competitiveness of hotel business ,inclusive tourism - Abstract
Тема вÑпÑÑкной квалиÑикаÑионной ÑабоÑÑ: «ÐовÑÑение конкÑÑенÑоÑпоÑобноÑÑи гоÑÑиниÑнÑÑ Ð¿ÑедпÑиÑÑий на оÑнове ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала в ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ»Ñзивного ÑÑÑизма в СанкÑâÐеÑеÑбÑÑге».ЦелÑÑ Ð²ÑпÑÑкной квалиÑикаÑионной ÑабоÑÑ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ Ð°Ð½Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð· ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала в ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ»Ñзивного ÑÑÑизма гоÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ°ÑегоÑии 3â5 звездÑ, анализ ÑÑÑекÑивноÑÑи иÑполÑÐ·Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала и ÑазÑабоÑка ÑекомендаÑий по повÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑенÑоÑпоÑобноÑÑи гоÑÑиниÑ.ÐÐ»Ñ Ð´Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¶ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ñели в ÑабоÑе ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ñ ÑледÑÑÑие задаÑи:1. ÐзÑÑиÑÑ ÑеоÑеÑиÑеÑкие оÑÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ñ ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала как ÑакÑоÑа повÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑенÑоÑпоÑобноÑÑи гоÑÑиниÑÑ Ð·Ð° ÑÑÐµÑ ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ»Ñзивного ÑÑÑизма.2. РаÑÑмоÑÑеÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑÐ¾Ð´Ñ ÑовеÑÑенÑÑÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¸ оÑенки ÑпÑÐ°Ð²Ð»ÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÑеловеÑеÑким капиÑалом в гоÑÑиниÑÐ°Ñ Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑâÐеÑеÑбÑÑга.3. РазÑабоÑаÑÑ Ð¼ÐµÑопÑиÑÑии по ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала гоÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑâÐеÑеÑбÑÑга, напÑавленнÑÑ Ð½Ð° повÑÑение конкÑÑенÑоÑпоÑобноÑÑи за ÑÑÐµÑ ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ»Ñзивного ÑÑÑизма.ÐбÑекÑом иÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑвлÑÑÑÑÑ ÐоÑÑиниÑа «ÐÐ±Ð¸Ñ Ð¡Ð°Ð½ÐºÑâÐеÑеÑбÑÑг ЦенÑÑ», Holiday Inn Express St. Petersburg â Sadovaya, Hotel Indigo St. PetersburgâTchaikovskogo.ÐÑедмеÑом данного иÑÑÐ»ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑвлÑеÑÑÑ ÑпÑавление ÑеловеÑеÑким капиÑалом ÑоÑÑÑдников гоÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ 3â5* в СанкÑâÐеÑеÑбÑÑге в ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ»Ñзивного ÑÑÑизма.Ð ÑезÑлÑÑаÑе анализа ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала гоÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð±Ñл вÑÑвлен ÑоÑÑ ÑÑоимоÑÑи ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала поÑле пандемии, заÑикÑиÑовано воÑÑÑановление гоÑÑиниÑной оÑÑаÑли, но пÑи ÑÑом оÑÐ´ÐµÐ»Ñ ÐºÐ°Ð´Ñов ÑаÑÑмаÑÑиваемÑÑ Ð³Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ ÑÑÐ¾Ð¸Ñ ÑделиÑÑ Ð²Ð½Ð¸Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¸Ðµ на Ð½ÐµÐ¾Ð±Ñ Ð¾Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾ÑÑÑ Ð² обÑÑении пеÑÑонала, адапÑаÑии ÑиÑÑовой ÑÑÐµÐ´Ñ Ð¸ внÑÑÑенней инÑÑаÑÑÑÑкÑÑÑÑ.ÐÐ»Ñ ÑеÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð½Ð¾Ð¹ пÑÐ¾Ð±Ð»ÐµÐ¼Ñ Ð±Ñл ÑазÑабоÑан ÐºÐ¾Ð¼Ð¿Ð»ÐµÐºÑ Ð¼ÐµÑопÑиÑÑий по повÑÑÐµÐ½Ð¸Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½ÐºÑÑенÑоÑпоÑобноÑÑи гоÑÑÐ¸Ð½Ð¸Ñ Ð·Ð° ÑÑÐµÑ ÑазвиÑÐ¸Ñ ÑеловеÑеÑкого капиÑала в ÑÐ°Ð¼ÐºÐ°Ñ Ð¸Ð½ÐºÐ»Ñзивного ÑÑÑизма, а Ñакже пÑоизведена оÑенка ÑÑÑекÑивноÑÑи меÑопÑиÑÑий, коÑоÑÑе Ñ Ð°ÑакÑеÑизÑÑÑÑÑ Ð¿Ð¾Ð»Ð¾Ð¶Ð¸ÑелÑнÑм ÑинанÑовÑм ÑезÑлÑÑаÑом., The topic of the graduate qualification work: "Increasing the competitiveness of hotel enterprises on the basis of human capital development within inclusive tourism in St. Petersburg".The aim of the graduate qualification work is to analyze human capital within inclusive tourism of 3â5 star hotels, analyze the effectiveness of human capital and develop recommendations to improve the competitiveness of hotels.To achieve the goal in the work the following tasks are solved:1. to study the theoretical foundations of human capital as a factor in enhancing the competitiveness of the hotel through the development of inclusive tourism.2. To consider methods of improvement and evaluation of human capital management in hotels of St. Petersburg.3. To develop measures for the development of human capital of hotels in St. Petersburg, aimed at increasing competitiveness through the development of inclusive tourism.The object of the study are hotels of categories 3â5*: Hotel "Ibis St. Petersburg Center", Holiday Inn Express St. Petersburg â Sadovaya, Hotel Indigo St. PetersburgâTchaikovskogo.The subject of this study is the management of human capital of the employees of hotels 3â5* in St. Petersburg in the framework of the development of inclusive tourism.As a result of the analysis of human capital of hotels was revealed an increase in the value of human capital after the pandemic, recorded the recovery of the hotel industry, but the human resources department of the hotels in question should pay attention to the need for staff training, adaptation of the digital environment and internal infrastructure.To solve this problem, a set of measures to improve the competitiveness of hotels through the development of human capital in the framework of inclusive tourism was developed, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of activities, which are characterized by a positive financial result.
- Published
- 2022
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30. Amplifying the Human
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Chattell, Alf and Chattell, Alf
- Published
- 1998
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31. Human capital formation and economic growth across the world: a panel data econometric approach
- Author
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Víctor Manuel Cuevas Ahumada and Cuauhtémoc Calderón Villarreal
- Subjects
Dynamic panel data models ,desarrollo institucional ,Institutional development ,total factor productivity ,HT101-395 ,Omitted-variable bias ,crecimiento económico ,Cities. Urban geography ,Estudios Territoriales ,institutional development ,economic growth ,Human capital ,formación de capital humano ,productividad total de los factores ,human capital formation ,Urban groups. The city. Urban sociology ,Physical capital ,Econometrics ,Economics ,GF125 ,modelos dinámicos de datos en panel ,Total factor productivity ,Panel data - Abstract
This paper estimates 12 dynamic panel data models to assess the impact of human capital formation and other key variables on the economic growth of 52 countries over a 13-year period. Several methodological and empirical contributions are made to assemble country groups, lower measurement errors and reduce the omitted variable bias while keeping the models parsimonious. Among other things, the evidence indicates that the responsiveness of economic growth to physical capital accumulation, institutional development, human capital formation, and total factor productivity varies across country groups to a certain extent. The policy implications of these findings are relevant on several grounds.
- Published
- 2019
32. Impact of Human Capital Formation on Economic Growth: Evidence from Bangladesh.
- Author
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Islam, Muhammad Saiful and Khan, Shoaib
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC expansion ,GRANGER causality test ,GROSS domestic product ,PUBLIC health education - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of human capital formation on economic growth of Bangladesh. The study uses the current expenditure on health and public expense on education to measure the human capital formation and growth of gross domestic product as an economic growth proxy. The study employs the timeseries data for the period 1998-2017 and performs Augmented Dickey Fuller unit root test to determine data stationarity, Johansen cointegration test to examine the long-run relationship among the variables and Granger causality test to explore the direction of causality. The findings reveal that public expenditure on education causes economic growth positively, while current expenditure on health has no impact on economic growth. Similarly, growth in GDP causes expenditure on health to rise, but it has no impact on education spending. Moreover, education spending causes health expenditure to rise as well. Therefore, the policy makers need to focus more on education and find the way out to materialize the outcome of health expenditure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Human Capital, Education and Training
- Author
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Borooah, Vani K and Borooah, Vani K
- Published
- 1996
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. THE SPATIAL EFFECTS ON THE RATE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA.
- Author
-
Nsiah, Christian, Fayissa, Bichaka, and Chen Wu
- Subjects
- *
ECONOMIC development , *POVERTY , *MACROECONOMICS , *HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC conditions in Africa, 1960- ,ECONOMIC conditions in Africa - Abstract
Since 1960's, many African countries have experienced anemic growth and high levels of acute poverty, even in the presence of natural resources abundance. Ending this poverty trap has been the goal of the 2015 UN Millennium Project. There are a myriad of reasons cited for this trend. The explanations include the inward looking policies adopted by the African countries since 1960s, poor policy management or other socio/political issues, macroeconomic issues such as inflation, exchange rate volatility, poor governance, and institutions. While many previous studies have analyzed the determinants of economic growth of African countries, they fail to consider the possible impact of the economic performance of proximate countries. Results from such studies may be biased as stated in Greene, 2003. It is, therefore, important to properly investigate the determinants of economic growth in Africa and propose appropriate policy directions. In this study, we estimate a spatial economic growth model with spatial correlations in the dependent variable and the error terms by using a panel data on 48 African countries for the years spanning 1980 to 2011. The model controls for some of the conventional sources of economic growth such as gross capital formation, openness of the economy, overseas development assistance, and inflation. We use a variety of proximity matrices including cultural, ecological, developmental, economic, and regional to explore the effect of the rate of economic growth of one country on the growth rates of its proximate countries. We find significant positive spatial linkages in the dependent variable and negative ones in the error terms, indicating that proximate sub-Saharan African countries experience similar levels of economic growth due to the cluster effects and the fact that they compete intensively for growth sources when shocks such as global capital retreats occur. Based on this result, the implication is that the policy makers in Africa should consider planning and implementing strategic and comprehensive regional growth agenda for all proximate countries and consider growth forecasts of proximate nations in the process of making fiscal and monetary policy decisions. Further, our result indicates that without correcting for spatial linkages in determining growth rates, the estimation results may be downward biased. The only significant determinants of economic growth are the gross fixed capital formation as a percent of GDP and gross secondary school enrollment with larger magnitudes for the spatial model. This result, perhaps, indicates that the most important driver of economic growth and development in Africa is fixed capital formation and infrastructure development. In a continent where capital is scarce and the availability and quality of infrastructure is for the most part pathetic, it is a very important for decision makers to implement policies that improve the availability and quality of capital formation and infrastructure development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Concluding Summary
- Author
-
McCain, Roger A., Amman, Hans, editor, Nagurney, Anna, editor, and McCain, Roger A.
- Published
- 2000
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Poverty and Development: Prospects and Priorities for the 1990s
- Author
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Mellor, John W., Khan, Azizur Rahman, editor, and Sobhan, Rehman, editor
- Published
- 1990
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Human Capital Formation and Economic Growth in Nigeria
- Author
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Godwin Emmanuel Oyedokun
- Subjects
Government ,Human Capital formation ,Government policy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Public policy ,Public expenditure ,Commit ,lcsh:Business ,Human capital ,Capital formation ,Education ,lcsh:Social Sciences ,lcsh:H ,Development economics ,Life expectancy ,Quality (business) ,Business ,lcsh:HF5001-6182 ,Economic growth ,media_common - Abstract
This study investigates how the development of human capital is related to economic growth in Nigeria from 1980 to 2015. Data were sourced from the Central Bank of Nigeria and the National Bureau of Statistics. The study employed Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) to estimate the relationship among the variables used in this study which revealed that there is a positive long-run relationship among public expenditure on education and health, total school enrolment, gross capital formation, employment rate, life expectancy rate and economic growth. The study recommended that the government should put in place the required education and training policy that would guarantee quality schooling for different level of education. Government should also commit more funds to health sector to enhance human capital formation. It was also recommended there should be more pragmatic means to develop human capabilities.
- Published
- 2019
38. Female autonomy generated successful long-term human capital development: Evidence from 16th to 19th century Europe.
- Author
-
Baten, Joerg and de Pleijt, Alexandra M.
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN capital , *LABOR market , *AUTONOMY (Psychology) , *WOMEN'S employment , *DAIRY farming - Abstract
• This paper studies the relationship between female autonomy and human capital in pre-modern Europe. • The indicator 'female age at first marriage' is assessed as a measure for female autonomy for 27 countries 1500–1900. • Countries and regions with high levels of female autonomy became successful in long-term human capital developments. • In pre-modern societies women had an advantage in dairy-farming allowing them to gain independent work experience. • Women provided many relevant labour market skills to their offspring. Does higher female autonomy increase human capital formation? To find out, we employ novel data on numeracy as a proxy for human capital and the demographic indicator female age at marriage as a measure for female autonomy for 27 countries and 153 regions in Europe between 1500 and 1900. Our empirical analysis shows that countries and regions with a relatively high level of female autonomy became success cases and pioneers in long-term human capital development. Because women had an advantage in dairy-farming, we approach endogeneity issues by exploiting variation in gender-biased agricultural specialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Decomposing Intergenerational Income Elasticity: The Gender-differentiated Contribution of Capital Transmission in Rural Philippines.
- Author
-
Bevis, Leah E.M. and Barrett, Christopher B.
- Subjects
- *
INTERGENERATIONAL relations , *INCOME , *HUMAN capital , *EDUCATION of mothers , *PARENT-child relationships , *RURAL families , *STATISTICAL correlation , *FATHERS - Abstract
Summary Using longitudinal data from rural Philippines, we decompose intergenerational income elasticity (IGE) into five distinct pathways: intergenerational transmissions of health, education, land, and spouse education capital, plus residual correlation in productivity. Intergenerational human capital transmissions from mothers are stronger than those from fathers; maternal education is the parental capital most strongly associated with IGE. While naïve IGE estimates are indistinguishable for sons and daughters, the pathways that generate these results differ strikingly. For sons, IGE is entirely explained by parent-to-child capital transmission. By contrast, strong income correlation exists between daughters and parents even after controlling for parent and child capital endowments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Parental migration, unpaid child labour, and human capital.
- Author
-
Shimada, Akira
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,CHILD labor ,HUMAN capital ,EDUCATION ,POVERTY ,HOUSEKEEPING - Abstract
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how parental migration due to poverty affects a child’s education and human capital formation through changes in the child’s supply of unpaid labour. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a small open overlapping generations model where the parent migrates for the family’s subsistence and that the child has to give up a part of education to do the housework during the parent’s absence. Findings – The paper finds that given the level of the human capital, reducing the child’s burden of housework and promoting parental migration to high-wage countries do not necessarily raise the amount of child’s education. The paper also finds a possible underdevelopment trap in the dynamic context. Originality/value – Unlike previous studies on child labour, this paper focuses on unpaid labour, whose share is actually larger than that of paid labour. Even if paid labour is available, children cannot re-allocate their time from doing the housework to the market work; so the author cannot disregard this observation. Investigation into the dynamics of human capital formation under such child labour is new. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Losses and Gains to Developing Countries from the Migration of Educated Workers: An Overview of Recent Research, and New Reflections.
- Author
-
Stark, Oded and Fan, C. Simon
- Subjects
BRAIN drain ,ECONOMICS ,GLOBALIZATION ,HUMAN capital ,EMPLOYEE education ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of CMR Working Papers is the property of Centre of Migration Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
42. The Brain Drain, "Educated Unemployment," Human Capital Formation, and Economic Betterment.
- Author
-
Stark, Oded and Fan, C. Simon
- Subjects
BRAIN drain ,LABOR economics ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,HUMAN capital ,PUBLIC welfare ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Copyright of CMR Working Papers is the property of Centre of Migration Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2007
43. Socially gainful gender quotas.
- Author
-
Stark, Oded and Hyll, Walter
- Subjects
- *
HUMAN capital , *SEX discrimination , *AFFIRMATIVE action programs , *SAVINGS , *JOB descriptions , *GENDER - Abstract
We study the impact of gender quotas on the acquisition of human capital. We assume that individuals' formation of human capital is influenced by the prospect of landing high-pay top positions, and that these positions are regulated by gender-specific quotas. In the absence of quotas, women consider their chances of getting top positions to be lower than men's. The lure of top positions induces even men of relatively low ability to engage in human capital formation, whereas women of relatively high ability do not expect to get top positions and do not therefore engage in human capital formation. Gender quotas discourage men who are less efficient in forming human capital, and encourage women who are more efficient in forming human capital. We provide a condition under which the net result of the institution of gender quotas is an increase in human capital in the economy as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. A cointegration approach to modeling human capital formation, self-employment, and economic growth: evidence from Pakistan.
- Author
-
Rehman, Ijaz, Mahdzan, Nurul, Trifu, Alexandru, and Bilal, Muhammad
- Subjects
COINTEGRATION ,ECONOMIC models ,HUMAN capital ,SELF-employment ,GROSS domestic product ,ECONOMIC development ,EMPIRICAL research ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
This study aims to empirically investigate the dynamics of relationship among human capital formation, self-employment (SE), and economic growth in Pakistan. Using quarterly data of primary school enrollment, SE, and GDP per capita, we employed ARDL bound testing approach to cointegration covering the time span of 1995-2010. We found that in the long run, primary school enrollment, high school enrollment and SE have significant impact on economic growth. Enrollment in primary schools (EP) has a strong positive and significant impact on economic growth, whereas enrollment in high school has a relatively small positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long run in Pakistan. Further, SE has a small, positive and significant impact on economic growth in the long run. In short run, enrollments in high schools and SE have weak positive impact on economic growth whereas, EP has a strong positive and significant impact on economic growth in Pakistan. Further it is found that that there is unidirectional long run causality from self employment to economic growth followed by the bidirectional short run causality between economic growth and high school enrollment, GDP per capita and primary school enrollment, high school enrollment and primary school enrollment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. The Short and Long-term Impact of International Migration on Human Capital Formation of the Left Behind
- Author
-
Pramod Kumar Sur
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Event (relativity) ,education ,Affect (psychology) ,Left behind ,Human Capital Formation ,Human capital ,Education ,Term (time) ,International Migration ,Economics ,Quality (business) ,Demographic economics ,F22, J24, I21 ,media_common - Abstract
This paper examines the short and long-term impact of international migration on overall human capital formation as well as the quality of human capital formation of the left behind households in the community of origin. Exploiting a unique migration policy, we find that the time passed since the migration event took place could affect the human capital formation of the left behind households differently. Furthermore, we find that international migration could also impact overall human capital as well as the quality of human capital formation differently. In particular, we do not find any impact of short and long-term international migration on the overall human capital formation of the left-behind household members. However, we find that households with long-term migrants are more likely to switch from a lower quality of education and substituting it with a higher quality of education of the left behind household members.
- Published
- 2020
46. Does Migration Encourage Human Capital Formation in Labor-Sending Country?
- Author
-
Akira Shimada
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC impact of emigration & immigration ,SAVINGS ,LABOR market ,DEMAND for education ,PRICE increases ,ECONOMIC policy ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
This study investigates the effects of migration possibilities on the demand for education and human capital formation in the labour-sending country. The paper assumes that workers have to pay a pecuniary cost privately to receive education under budget constraints. It was found that higher migration possibilities result in an increase in the number of workers who demand education due to increases in its return. However, these workers lower the individual demand for education due to price increases. When the education supply is insufficient, higher migration possibilities may lower average human capital; that is, a brain drain may occur. This contrasts with the usual argument that emphasises the positive effect of migration possibilities. Restrictive immigration policies were found not to be completely detrimental to labour-sending countries since such policies may enhance the human capital formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DAS UNIVERSIDADES PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DA AGRICULTURA NO BRASIL.
- Author
-
Cardoso Teixeira, Erly, Clemente, Felippe, and Braga, Marcelo José
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL industries ,ECONOMIC development ,HUMAN capital ,GRADUATE education ,INNOVATIONS in business ,ACADEMIC dissertations - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegócio is the property of Brazilian Review of Economics & Agribusiness / Revista de Economia e Agronegocio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2013
48. Formation à l'étranger, fuite des cerveaux et bien-être national : Enjeux et paradoxes dans une perspective microéconomique.
- Author
-
Franck, Bernard and Owen, Robert F.
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,LABOR economics ,MICROECONOMICS ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,LABOR market ,PERSONNEL management - Abstract
Copyright of Revue d'Economie Politique is the property of Editions Dalloz Sirrey and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Open and Distance Learning as a Strategy for Human Capital Development: Issues and Challenges.
- Author
-
Ojo, Olugbenga David
- Subjects
OPEN learning ,DISTANCE education ,HUMAN capital ,PERSONNEL management ,PRIVATE sector ,SOCIAL development - Abstract
Copyright of Malaysian Journal of Distance Education is the property of Universiti Sains Malaysia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2010
50. HUMAN CAPITAL ACCUMULATION AND LONG-RUN ECONOMIC GROWTH.
- Author
-
NICOLAE TUDORESCU, ZAHARIA, CONSTANTIN, ZAHARIA, GEORGE CRISTINEL, and ZAHARIA, IOANA
- Subjects
HUMAN capital ,ECONOMIC development ,ECONOMIC expansion ,INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,ECONOMICS - Abstract
The objective of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the role played by social capital in human capital formation and the importance of human capital to economic development. Throughout this paper, we demonstrate the value and importance of the role of human capital externalities in economic development and the social returns to accumulation of human capital. We hope this paper makes a significant contribution to evaluating the role of human capital in promoting technological progress and the contribution of human capital to the process of economic growth. This paper seeks to fill a gap in the current literature by examining the dynamic consequences of human capital formation and the role of human capital in the process of economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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