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This new edition presents a state-of-the-art exploration of polarized light and polarization vision. Part I of the book examines polarization sensitivity across many animal taxa, including invertebrates and vertebrates, and it details both terrestrial and aquatic life. Part II is devoted to the description of environmental polarization with implications to animal and human polarization vision. This includes underwater polarization, polarization signals, sky-polarimetric Viking navigation and astronomical polarization. This part also examines polarized light pollution induced by anthropogenic factors, such as reflection off asphalt surfaces, glass panes, car bodies, and other man-made structures that are now known to form ecological traps for polarotactic insects. The new edition features a number of novelties, including chapters on trilobites, springtails, bats, seals, imaging polarimetry, and astronomical polarization.

This book, a second offering after the successful first edition, shows how to build successful luxury brands using the power of sensory science and neuropsychology. The author presents inspiring business cases like Tesla Cybertruck, Chanel, KaDeWe, Baccarat, JACQUEMUS, NASA, MUD Jeans, Lilium, Rémy Cointreau, FENG J, Moncler, Louboutin, or Raffles Dubai in industries such as Fashion, Automotive or Leisure. The book highlights groundbreaking scientific methods - like the Derval Color Test® taken by over 30 million people - to help predict luxury shoppers'preferences and purchasing patterns. Game-changing and unique features of successful luxury brands are decoded. Through various practical examples and experiments, readers will be able to build, revamp, or expand luxury brands and look at luxury from a new angle.

This reference presents a detailed exploration of the synaptic tagging and capture model, which has been proposed to provide a conceptual basis for how short-term memories are transformed into long-term memories. The first edition of Synaptic Tagging and Capture served as a comprehensive introduction and overview of the field and covered the topics from molecular and cellular aspects to behavior. This second edition reflects the overwhelming amount of research on the topic in the past five years. Notably, it provides greater insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms and behavioral aspects of tagging and capture, including reconsolidation, computational, and metaplastic models. Synaptic Tagging and Capture: From Synapses to Behavior, 2nd edition remains the definitive work in the field.

This volume highlights current research on how the neuroendocrine system helps to influence emotional states and ultimately behavioral output. Social relationships and context-appropriate behavioral responses are important for the survival of most vertebrate species. These relationships can range from transient social interactions to strong social bonding between sexual partners and social behaviors can be observed and evaluated from the individual- to the group-level. Further, behavioral output is shaped by complex interactions between the physical environment, genetics, experience, and context, and are often modulated by the neuroendocrine system. In this book, experts in the field will provide a sweeping look at novel research in the neuroendocrine regulation of important behaviors ranging from parental care to social homeostasis, with a focus on comparative studies across vertebrate species. The first part of the book is dedicated to theneuroendocrinology of relationships, including the coordination of acoustic signals in songbirds, the complexity of social relationships in primates, and cooperation and parenting in humans. The second part of the book focuses on social behaviors and provides some insights into their regulation, including the neuroendocrine regulation of maternal behavior in rodents, the roles of oxytocin and vasopressin in the modulation of sex-specific social behavior, the interactions between adult neurogenesis, the neuroendocrine system and social behavior, and a consideration of neuroendocrine influences on reproductive decision making across species. The book concludes with a section on environmental influences on neuroendocrine systems underlying behavior, including how social isolation and endocrine disrupting chemicals affect the neuroendocrinology of behavior and emotions. Given its breadth, this volume is appropriate for undergraduate students, graduate students, postdoctoral researchers, and established researchers who are interested in neuroendocrinology and behavior. This is the sixteenth volume in the International Neuroendocrine Federation (INF) Masterclass in Neuroendocrinology series, which aims to illustrate the highest standards and highlight the latest technologies in basic and clinical research and aspires to provide inspiration for further exploration into the exciting field of neuroendocrinology.

This richly illustrated textbook delivers a functional vision of dog behaviors. Daily applicable, it offers practical solutions for canine behavioral care with a consistently medical approach to disorders. Readers find a thorough introduction to factors influencing behavior, the canine neuroanatomy and physiology, psychopathologies, as well as treatment options. Drawing on the latest studies in neuroscience, ethology, psychology, and psychiatry, as well as the clinical experience of its expert authors, this guide is both comprehensive and accessible. Multiple clinical case studies illustrate and support presented details on medication and therapies.Behavioral pathology is one of the main challenges in veterinary medicine. Not only are they a cause of suffering for the animal, but they can also affect the quality of the relationship with the pet owners or pose a danger to society. Hence, treatment of these behavioral disorders requires an integrative approach to canine healthand well-being.The book's easy-to-access and descriptive structure allows many audiences to understand a subject area that is all too often considered complex. It addresses veterinary students, practitioners, and future expert veterinarians seeking approach to deep knowledge, as well as all other dog professionals curious to discover a complementary view with respect for the animal and owner.

This book brings together the exciting new findings that will bring us closer to a better understanding of the alterations of neuronal connectivity in autistic brains. This volume authoritatively covers the epidemiology, physiology, neurodevelopment, genetics, environmental influences, imaging studies, neuroanatomy, and neurochemistry of autism spectrum disorders. While the neurobiology of autism is still a long way from being understood, this book posits techniques, such as using brain imaging to find signatures in early days of life, that could help move the diagnosis and help identify neural pathways. Understanding these mechanisms opens the possibility to pharmacological, behavioral, and psychosocial therapeutic interventions. With contributions from the leading international autism researchers, Neurobiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders is the go-to reference for researchers and clinicians with an interest in understanding the underlying neurobiologyof autism spectrum disorders.

The book delves into the fascinating intersection of neuroscience and negotiation, offering a groundbreaking exploration into how our brains influence and are influenced by the negotiation process. With an emphasis on practical application, this book is designed to equip readers with a deep understanding of the neurological mechanisms during negotiations, empowering them to optimize their approach and achieve better outcomes in business deals. Structured for both accessibility and depth, the book begins with an exploration of the fundamental principles of negotiation neuroscience, providing readers with a solid foundation of knowledge. It then progresses to more advanced topics, such as the role of emotions, cognitive biases, and decision-making processes in negotiations. Each chapter is rich with real-world examples, case studies, and practical tips, ensuring readers can immediately apply their newfound insights to their negotiation scenarios. In today's rapidly evolving business landscape, where successful negotiation skills are essential for navigating complex deals and relationships, understanding the neuroscience behind negotiation is more crucial than ever.

This Open Access book presents the current state of the art knowledge on social and affective neuroscience based on empirical findings. This volume is divided into several sections first guiding the reader through important theoretical topics within affective neuroscience, social neuroscience and moral emotions, and clinical neuroscience. Each chapter addresses everyday social interactions and various aspects of social interactions from a different angle taking the reader on a diverse journey. The last section of the book is of methodological nature. Basic information is presented for the reader to learn about common methodologies used in neuroscience alongside advanced input to deepen the understanding and usability of these methods in social and affective neuroscience for more experienced readers.

This book provides an understanding of people's accessibility needs, and the barriers that may affect people with different identities and circumstances (e.g. different levels of mobility, age, etc.) to alleviate any act of disabling a person and thus offer equal quality of life in the design of stadia. A lack of knowledge exists for stadia concerning demographics, specific accessibility and inclusive design solutions, available movement and behavioural data, and how future growth in attending disabled populations may affect the overall safety of circulation and evacuation in stadia. To address these needs a data collection and modelling were performed and are described in this book. The book recognizes that stadia design is at a revolutionary stage of advancement. Automated data collection technologies and methodologies are described where the authors work towards presentation of big data which can be used for future refinement of modelling technologies and AI routines.

Virtual Reality (VR) is a rapidly maturing technology that offers new and unique solutions to otherwise intractable problems in the study of cognition, behavior and neuroscience. VR removes many of the constraints imposed by laboratory paradigms, allowing us to track cognitive, behavioral and brain responses to naturalistic (or even impossible) situations without sacrificing experimental control. But VR is not a tool that can be swiftly and effortlessly integrated into existing research pipelines; currently, the benefits of VR are accompanied by a host of methodological challenges and important practical considerations. To help navigate this new methodology, this volume provides a balanced review of both the exciting new findings emerging from VR labs and the challenges and limitations that are part and parcel of VR research. This volume is an important first step toward establishing a standardised methodology for conducting research in VR. To this end, thevolume provides a wealth of practical advice for researchers who are new to the technology. This volume is authored by an interdisciplinary team of VR researchers including computer scientists, engineers, psychologists and neuroscientists. It highlights current research in the field to demonstrate how VR advances our understanding of the mind, while also providing groundbreaking solutions in applied domains.

In diesem Buch erfahren Sie, wie Ameisenvölker, die für ihr komplexes kollektives Verhalten bekannt sind, von Myrmecophilen infiltriert werden. Schmetterlinge, Fliegen, Käfer, Grillen, Spinnen, Pilze und Bakterien haben im Laufe ihrer Evolutionsgeschichte eine Vielfalt von Taktiken entwickelt, die sie befähigen, in Ameisenkolonien einzudringen und z.T. das Kommunikationssystem der Ameisen zu entschlüsseln. Einigen myrmecophilen Arten gelingt die Täuschung so gut, dass die Wirtsameisen die ungebetenen Gäste nicht mehr von wahren Nestgenossinnen unterscheiden können. Dieser spannende Vorgang wird von den Autoren detailliert beschrieben, um Ihnen zu erläutern, wie die Myrmecophilen den Code knacken und anschließend die Reserven der Kolonie ausbeuten. Bert Hölldobler und Christina Kwapich zeigen eine Vielzahl von Verhaltensmechanismen auf, mit denen Myrmecophile Ameisen zu „unfreiwilligen Dienern“ machen. Dieses Werk richtet sich sowohl an Fachleute als auch an Naturbegeisterte mit entsprechendem Vorwissen.

This book transposes the ‘free-energy principle', as espoused by the neuroscientist Karl Friston, to strategic governance, and forming the new concept of Free-Energy Governance (FEG). This concept lays the foundation for a new logic of governing continuous transformation. In addition to guiding the structure, cognition, and capabilities of success in strategic renewal, FEG provides a systematic and practice-relevant approach to predicting a firm's potential for entropy.Using this new concept, the author shows that the success of continuous strategic renewal and business innovation, elements crucial for firm survival, are determined by the triplet of a firm's structure, cognition, and dynamic board capabilities. “How to govern large organizations in times of high uncertainty and permanent change? To answer this pressing question, … Bijan Khezri has been the first to apply [the free energy] principle to management science …This book is an eyeopener for every reflective leader.¨ Professor Oliver Gassmann, Director of the Institute of Management and Technology, University of St. Gallen “I really enjoyed reading this book. It was both exciting and reassuring to see how the same fundamental ideas can be found in fields as disparate as nonequilibrium steady-state physics and theories of governance.” Professor Karl. J. Friston; Director of the Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging “Using a term often applied to best-selling novels, ‘it is a page turner'in which I learned something new in every chapter! Every board member, all executives and scholars interested in strategic leadership and governance must read this book if they wish to remain relevant in the coming transformational decades.” Michael A. Hitt University Distinguished Professor Emeritus, Mays Business School, Texas A&M University Former President, Academy of Management, and former Editor, Academy of Management Journal'We could not ask for a better author to initiate this new conversation in the board research community and convey its merits to the world of board practice.'Martin HilbProfessor Emeritus, University of St. Gallen Founder and Managing Partner, International Board Foundation and President of Swiss Institute of Directors “Set against a wide swath of literature, the book impressively makes the case for a new logic of strategic renewal in which the board of directors plays a central role.” Professor Constance E. Helfat, Tuck School of Business at Dartmouth

Research in the field of histamine receptors over the past 100 years went hand-in-hand with the development of modern pharmacology. Advances in histamine research led by outstanding scientists was so incisive that the clinical approach to treat allergies and gastrointestinal ailments was revolutionized. The pharmacological treatment of peptic ulcer and gastroesophageal reflux was indeed a revolution, as it ended the surgical intervention. Interest in histamine pharmacology was resurrected by the discovery of another histamine receptor, number 4, using genomics-based reverse pharmacological approaches for screening orphan GPCRs. This receptor is preferentially expressed by immune cells and its discovery raised hopes for its translational exploitation as a new therapeutic target for unmet medical needs ranging from asthma to cancer. However, several drawbacks emerged and dramatically slowed down research in the field. A better understanding of receptor intra-andinterspecies heterogeneity will certainly improve and accelerate the translation of experimental data into clinical practice. Also, the plethora of data on brain histamine is hinting at a fundamental role of this system as a hub that receives internal and peripheral stimuli to allocate the necessary excitation to specific brain circuits that preside the appropriate behavioral responses. The development of new histaminergic ligands is an ongoing process that constantly provide new preclinical tools. The aim of this book is to cover the most important aspects of histamine receptor function and pharmacology in the central nervous system and to provide a comprehensive overview of the preclinical and clinical advances made in recent decades and the exciting prospects for the future. It highlights the clinical areas where there is a great need for new therapeutic approaches and where novel histaminergic agents may be useful for personalized medicine.

This book explores human decision-making heuristics. The monograph studies how nudging and winking can help citizens to make rational choices and governments to create choice architectures that aid in stabilizing markets and flourishing society. By applying the behavioral economics approach to political outcomes, it demonstrates how economics can be employed for personal benefits but also foster the greater societal good. A review of the current literature on human decision-making advantages and failures in Europe and North America opens the book. A wide range of nudges and winks is presented that aid to curb the harmful consequences of human decision-making fallibility. Awareness of mental heuristics and biases in the finance domain is strengthened in order to understand how to nudge people to benefit from economic markets but also help governments to stabilize economies in providing strategic market communication. The author also proposes concrete leadership and followership directives on nudging in the digital age. This book appeals to scholars and policy makers interested in rational decision-making. The behavioral perspective features the strategic use of nudging and winking in the digital age.The second revised and expanded edition offers the newest insights on behavioral e-Economics and the latest developments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. It covers topics such as the role of social media in finance and discrimination in searchplace competition. It also offers new insights on strategic leadership and smart followership directives to successfully navigate through complex and fast-paced e-architectures.

Anliegen des Buches ist es, einer Psychotherapie mit Schmerzpatienten den Nimbus des Schwierigen und Belastenden zu nehmen. Anhand zahlreicher Beispiele werden Aspekte therapeutischen Handelns diskutiert, die Betroffenen dabei helfen, sich selbst zu bejahen als Mensch, der wertvoll ist und bleibt, unabhängig davon, ob seine Schmerzen weniger, stärker oder gleich bleiben werden. Im Hinblick auf dieses Ziel werden therapeutische Grundhaltungen sowie konkrete Interventionen beschrieben, abgeleitet aus den Wünschen und Bedürfnissen schmerzkranker Menschen zum einen, aus Untersuchungsbefunden von Neurowissenschaften und Psychotherapieforschung zum anderen.

Warum tun Menschen so etwas!? Dies ist oft die erste Frage, die sich aufdrängt, wenn wir in den Medien oder im echten Leben Zeugen von Gewalt werden. Dieses Buch gibt umfassende Antworten: Es erklärt die Ursachen von Gewalt nicht aus der eingeschränkten Sicht einer einzelnen Fachdisziplin, sondern verbindet die Erklärungsansätze aus Hirnforschung, Kriminologie, Soziologie, Psychologie, Psychiatrie, Genetik, Pädagogik, Geschichtswissenschaften und Justiz zu einem großen, spannenden und verständlichen Bild – auf unterhaltsame Weise und auf dem aktuellen Stand der Wissenschaft(en). Und immer nah an Fallbeispielen, die uns die erschreckende Vielfalt menschlicher Gewalt vor Augen führen: Gewalthandlungen einzelner Täter, Gewalt zwischen Gruppen, Randale und Krawalle durch Gangs und Hooligans, gewaltsame ethnische und religiöse Konflikte, Extremgewalt in Form von Amok und Terror bis hin zu kriegerischen Auseinandersetzungen und Völkermord. Nicht zuletzt kann das Wissen aus diesem Buch dazu beitragen, eine andere große Frage zu beantworten: Wie kann Gewalt eingedämmt oder gar verhindert werden?

This book comprehensively summarizes the biological mechanisms of coloration and pattern formation of animals at molecular and cellular level, offering up-to-date knowledge derived from remarkable progress in the last 10 years. The brilliant coloration, conspicuous patterns and spectacular color changes displayed by some vertebrates and invertebrates are generally their strategies of the utmost importance for survival. Consists of mainly three parts, starts with introductory chapter, such as Pigments and Pigment Organelles, Developmental Genetics of Pigment Cell Formation, Adult Pigment Patterns, and Color Changes, this book introduces new pigment compounds in addition to classically known pigments and organelles, explains how the generation of multiple types of pigment cell is genetically controlled, describes the mechanisms underlying the zebrafish stripe formation as well as other animals and also summarizes the mechanism of physiological and morphological color changes of teleost, amphibian and cephalopod. Written by experts in the field, this book will be essential reading for graduate students and researchers in biological fields who are interested in pigmentation mechanisms of animals.

This book discusses psychiatric disorders among women in a manner that is relevant to clinical practice and keep cultural and social realities in perspective. The book is important in the face of rapidly changing conditions globally (including better education and more opportunities for work for women); challenges such as migration, war and violence and emerging areas such as newer reproductive technologies, Women's mental health cannot be divorced from social and cultural realities and while the book emphasises these areas, it also gives due importance to the current advances in neurobiology and psychopharmacology of psychiatric disorders among women. Chapters in the book are written by multiple authors, many of the chapters use the life stage approach, and have been written by authors from different parts of the world to ensure cultural relevance and diverse viewpoints.

The Theraphosidae are the most famous and diverse mygalomorph spiders, and include some of the largest arachnids on earth. Their unique defense mechanisms, predatory tactics, reproductive strategies and ecological adaptations are displayed by a wide range of terrestrial, burrowing and arboreal species. These arachnids are familiar to the general public thanks to horror movies and a growing interest in tarantulas as pets; however, scientific information on the group is scattered throughout the literature and not easily available. This book reviews all major aspects of New World Theraphosid tarantulas and provides in-depth information on their evolution, taxonomy, behavior, physiology, ecology, reproduction, conservation and biogeography. As a comprehensive guide to the biology of tarantulas, it will appeal to researchers, students and terrarium hobbyists alike.

Dieses Buch überträgt psychologische und verhaltensökonomische Erkenntnisse über die menschliche Entscheidungsfindung und ihre Steuerbarkeit (vor allem durch Anreize, Überzeugung und äußere Umstände, also Nudging) in die Rechtswissenschaft und zeigt, wie das Recht mit diesem Wissen optimiert werden kann. Während der Homo oeconomicus als Standardmodell der Wirtschaftswissenschaften bereits durch einen empirisch fundierten Modellpluralismus abgelöst wurde, harrt das zivilrechtliche Selbstbestimmungsdogma noch einer empirischen Erdung. Außerdem erklärt dieses Buch – insoweit auch für die Sozialwissenschaften interessant – die Funktionsweisen des Rechts und seiner spezifischen Steuerungsinstrumente und zeigt deren Rahmenbedingungen auf. Aus traditioneller zivilrechtlicher Sicht ist hierbei zu rechtfertigen, warum Recht überhaupt das Verhalten von Menschen steuern darf und ausgerechnet die Privatautonomie als Hort des Liberalismus ihre Indienstnahme für politische Zwecke (Materialisierung) ertragen muss.

This volume provides an empirical and conceptual overview of advances in our understanding of impulsivity and impulsive behaviors. Prominent scientists review the range of behavioral phenomena referred to as ‘impulsive', as well as the defining features and psychological, neurocognitive and behavioral processes that underlie of the manifestation of impulsive behaviors, focussing on progress made and the questions remaining to be answered.

This concise monograph introduces and examines social influence from the perspective of the so-called target, rather than from the source, thus providing for the first time a bidirectional account of this pervasive social phenomenon, further bridging simple micro-level dyadic interaction rules with macro-level properties of the (social) system. This integrative approach allows for advanced models of influence to be developed in both the social and natural sciences (e.g. social animals). In particular, when used to investigate emergent properties of social change, this approach shows that social transitions occur as “bubbles of new” in the “sea of old.” While in the traditional view influence is synonymous with achieving power and control over others, the present approach to social influence puts the emphasis on the target's motives and strategies. Here, the target may actively seek out influence to help forge opinions and achieve guidance regarding courses of action. In this process, the target observes others, models their thought and behavior, and asks for information and opinions. In this broadened perspective, the processes of social influence enables those being influenced (the targets) to use the knowledge and processing capacity of influence sources to maximize their access to information, minimize their processing effort, while optimizing their own functioning and that of the social system in which they evolve. This short text addresses above all scientists interested in social influence in the fields of psychology, sociology, economy, marketing, and biology. However, also researchers interested in modeling social processes, especially opinion dynamics and social change, such as computer scientists, physicists and applied mathematicians will benefit from the insights provided.

Unsere Sinne - Sehen, Hören, Riechen, Schmecken und Tasten - bestimmen wesentlich unser Leben. Alles was wir wissen, wurde uns von unseren Sinnen vermittelt. Aber wie funktionieren unsere Sinne und wie kommt das Wissen über die Welt in unseren Kopf? Nach welchen Kriterien entscheidet unser Gehirn, was zu tun ist?In diesem Sachbuch wird allgemeinverständlich dargelegt, wie hoch entwickelt die Sinnesorgane bei Tieren und Menschen sind. Oft erreichen Sinnesleistungen die Grenze des physikalisch Möglichen. Das Buch erklärt, wie Sinnesreize erfasst werden, wie sie in die Sprache des Nervensystems übersetzt werden und wie unser Gehirn Sinnesinformation verarbeitet. Das Gehirn setzt dabei auf wohl bewährte Strategien, die ein Ziel verfolgen: die Überlebenschance des Organismus zu erhöhen. Deshalb wird in diesem Buch gezeigt, wie sehr die Sinnesleistungen durch die Evolution geformt und bestimmt wurden. Das Buch zeigt auch, dass viele Tiere ihre Umwelt vollkommen anders wahrnehmen als wir.Für die Neuauflage haben die Autoren den Text durchgesehen und auf den aktuellen Stand gebracht.

This book brings together the latest information on tropical ungulates in different Latin American countries. These animals are not only important from the point of view of their role in different ecosystems, but also have cultural value for people. The book also discusses topics such as habitat transformation and hunting as these species are an important source of food in many places. Addressing ungulate natural communities in diverse ecosystems and countries, the book provides information on specific aspects of each of the most representative species, and highlights topics to help readers better understand these species and develop effective management and conservation strategies. The information presented also reveals the need for more knowledge and will hopefully provide the incentive for continued studies on this important group of animals. This publication serves as a reference for academic research on ungulate ecology, behavior and dynamics, as well as the basis for conservationstrategies.

This book highlights the best educational practices for the professionals dealing with mental health and illness. While attempting an overall review of the current state-of-the-art in psychiatry education, the book focuses on recent developments and controversies in undergraduate and postgraduate psychiatric education around the globe.

This book provides accurate, comprehensive, and convenient reference for usages of the “freely rotatable three dimensional combined Nissl-stained and MRI digital data of the marmoset brain”. The key features of the original 3D digital data and of this atlas are: 1. The original digital datasets are freely rotatable in three dimensions, thus expected to be useful for any disciplines and anatomical interest, using any coordinate system, 2. Combined Nissl stained and MRI images are obtained from the same marmoset, to allow cross-modality matched references for multiple usages, 3. 86 Horizontal Series of Images with Neurosurgical Plane (based on the actual data), with more accuracy and resolution (Chapter 2) than the web-based digital images, 4. 32 Coronal Series of Images with Neurosurgical Plane (reproduced from the brain model) (Chapter 3), 5. 10 Parasagittal Series of Images with Neurosurgical Plane (reproduced from the brain model) (Chapter 4), 6. 3 Omnidirectionally Sliceable Planes (reproduced from the brain model) (Chapter 5), 7. In order to provide higher resolution structures to match systematic accuracy for supplementation of the digital data on the website, additional information are included. They are: 1) Nomenclature, 2) List of Brain Structures in Hierarchical Order, 3) Index of Abbreviations, together with 143 useful Bibliographic References list as of 2016, 8. Horsley-Clarke's stereotaxic coordinates were adopted in the present atlas.

With the discovery of conditioned reflexes by I. P. Pavlov, the possibilities for experimenting, following the example set by the classical, exact sciences, were made available to the behavioral sciences. Many psychologists hoped that the component parts of behavior had also been found from which the entire, multifaceted cosmos of behavior could then be constructed. An experimentally oriented psychology subsequently developed including the influential school of behaviorism.This first text on human ethology presents itself as a unified work, even though not every area could be treated with equal depth. For example, a branch of ethology has developed in the past decade which places particular emphasis on ecology and population genetics. This field, known as sociobiology, has enriched discussion beyond the boundaries of behavioral biology through its stimulating, and often provocative, theses.After vigorous debates between behaviorists, anthropologists, and sociologists, we have entered a period of exchange of thoughts and a mutual approach, which in many instances has led to cooperative projects of researchers from different disciplines. This work offers a biological point of view for discussion and includes data from the author's cross-cultural work and research from the staff of his institute. It confirms, above all else, the astonishing unity of mankind and paints a basically positive picture of how we are moved by the same passions, jealousies, friendliness, and active curiosity.The need to understand ourselves has never been as great as it is today. An ideologically torn humanity struggles for its survival. Our species, does not know how it should compensate its workers, and it experiments with various economic systems, constitutions, and forms of government. It struggles for freedom and stumbles into newer conflicts. Population growth is apparently completely out of hand, and at the same time many resources are being depleted. We must consider our existence rati

This volume examines all aspects of using agent or individual-based simulation. This approach represents systems as individual elements having their own set of differing states and internal processes. The interactions between elements in the simulation represent interactions in the target systems. What makes this'social'is that it can represent an observed society.Social systems include all those systems where the components have individual agency but also interact with each other. This includes human societies and groups, but also increasingly socio-technical systems where the internet-based devices form the substrate for interaction. These systems are central to our lives, but are among the most complex known. This poses particular problems for those who wish to understand them. The complexity often makes analytic approaches infeasible but, on the other hand, natural language approaches are also inadequate for relating intricate cause and effect. This is why individual and agent-based computational approaches hold out the possibility of new and deeper understanding of such systems.This handbook marks the maturation of this new field. It brings together summaries of the best thinking and practices in this area from leading researchers in the field and constitutes a reference point for standards against which future methodological advances can be judged.This second edition adds new chapters on different modelling purposes and applying software engineering methods to simulation development. Revised existing content will keep the book up-to-date with recent developments. This volume will help those new to the field avoid'reinventing the wheel'each time, and give them a solid and wide grounding in the essential issues. It will also help those already in the field by providing accessible overviews of current thought. The material is divided into four sections: Introduction, Methodology, Mechanisms, and Applications. Each chapter starts with a very brief section called ‘Why read this chapter?'followed by an abstract, which summarizes the content of the chapter. Each chapter also ends with a section on ‘Further Reading'.Whilst sometimes covering technical aspects, this second edition of Simulating Social Complexity is designed to be accessible to a wide range of researchers, including both those from the social sciences as well as those with a more formal background. It will be of use as a standard reference text in the field and also be suitable for graduate level courses.

Essentials of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders is the first book of its kind written specifically for graduate students and clinicians. It is based on the 4-volume treatise, Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders (Springer, 2013), the definitive reference for scientists and neurologists in the field of cerebellar neurobiology. There have been fundamental advances in the basic science and clinical neurology of the cerebellum and its role in sensorimotor function and cognition. This monograph makes this large and expanding body of knowledge readily accessible to trainees and clinicians alike. The editors are world leaders in the field, and the chapters are authored by an international panel of experts drawn from ataxia clinics and cerebellar laboratories throughout North America, Europe and Asia. Essentials provides a solid grounding in the field of cerebellar research and ataxiology from cerebellar circuity to clinical practice, and it serves as a springboard to a deeper appreciation of both the principles and the complexities of cerebellar neurobiology. Clinicians are expected to have a deep appreciation of cerebellar disorders, not only in specialized ataxia clinics but also in adult and pediatric neurology, neurosurgery, psychiatry and neuropsychology practices, and in outpatient and inpatient rehabilitation settings. This book is an indispensable resource for students and practitioners navigating the evolving field of cerebellar motor and cognitive neurology. It also links to the more expansive Handbook for those who need to explore the topics in this monograph in greater depth.

Proceedings of a NATO ASI held in Rhodes, Greece, May 12-21, 1996

The knowledge on the ecology of ungulates (orders Perissodactyla and Artiodactyla) inhabiting eastern Europe and northern and central Asia is of special importance for those interested in zoology, ecology, nature conservation, hunting and management. There are 26 species of ungulates 2 oE-169°W within the 22. 4 million km area, between 35-82°N and 20 and they occupy several vegetation zones from arctic deserts to the subtropics. In our opinion, the advancement of science can be retarded and general conclusions will be difficult to make, if the knowledge of the organisms inhabiting one sixth of the world'sland surface, covered by this vast region, is not included. The language barrier, as well as the lack of international accessibility of local publications, makes it difficult to make use of the great volume of scientific information gathered within the territory of the former USSR. The only complete ecological review of ungulates of the Soviet Union, Mammals of the Soviet Union, vol. 1. Ungulates, was published by V. G. Heptner, A. A. Nasimovich, and A. G. Bannikov in 1961 (in Russian, Heptner and Naumov 1961)and 1989(the English translation,Heptner and Naumov 1989). This excellent book does not, however, contain scientific contributions published after 1959. This is unfortunate, because during the foHowing40years,intense and highly qualified research on the ecology and behavior of ungulates was performed.

From the President of the Research Society on Alcoholism The field of alcohol research has been slowly but continuously evolving, taking into its domain an ever-increasing array of scientific disciplines. This senes is designed to fill the need for,a review publication that covers the broad range of research into alcohol actions and alcoholism. Research in alcohol concerns social, epidemiological, and legal concerns in addition to biomedical and behavioral topics to greater degree than research with many other drugs. A publication devoted to alcohol research should serve the broadest existing research community, but perhaps more important, it should also provide a means to recruit new investigators with fresh approaches to the field. We can and must demonstrate that legitimate, high-quality research is being done, but we must also highlight the opportunity for new workers to make a real impact on the problem. The Research Society on Alcoholism seeks to provide such a service not only through this publication but also through other ac­ tivities. Richard A. Deitrich, Ph.D.

The purpose of this series is to provide an overview of recent research de­ velopments in the field of alcoholism so that interested professionals and researchers may keep abreast of this complex, multidisciplinary work. These annual volumes will present a scholarly review and analysis of selected re­ search topics prepared by leading figures in the field. Where appropriate, the attempt is made to present contrasting perspectives and views, particularly on issues where there is ongoing controversy. The American Medical Society on Alcoholism and the Research Society on Alcoholism have undertaken this collaborative venture because of the perceived need for such a comprehensive resource. These groups are both component organizations of the National Council on Alcoholism, a broad­ based coalition which supports alcoholism treatment, training, and research on a national and international level. This professional network has enabled us to draw on a panel of Associate Editors and on authors of international prominence. The series should reflect a sophistication that will allow it to serve as a standard reference for the field.

My interest in the behaviour and movements of birds of arid and semi-arid ecosystems began when my wife, Sue Milton, and I were Roy Siegfried, Director, at that time, of the Percy approached by Prof. FitzPatrick Institute of African Ornithology, to set up a project to investigate granivory in the South African Karoo. Sue and I spent some time finding a suitable study site, setting up accommodations and an automatic weather station at Tierberg, in the southern Karoo near the village of Prince Albert, and planning projects. Among our first projects was a transect where we noted plant phe­ nology, measured seed densities on the soil surface, counted birds, observed ant activity, measured soil surface temperatures and col­ lected whatever climate data we could at 40 sites along a 200-km oval route. Along the way, we became interested in the marked presence and absence of birds at certain sites - abundant birds one day, and very few birds at the same site a month later. Subsequent counts along fixed transects through shrublands confirmed that a number of bird species were highly nomadic over short and long distances, locally and regionally, leading to speculation on how widespread these movements were in the arid ecosystems of the world.

Was sind das für Menschen, die dem Fernsehen und seinen Angeboten den Rücken kehren? Warum spielt das Fernsehen in ihrem Leben keine Rolle? Womit beschäftigen sie sich, während ihre Mitmenschen vor dem Bildschirm sitzen? Diesen Fragen geht Peter Sicking in seiner qualitativen Nichtfernseherstudie auf der Basis aktueller Handlungs-, Lebenswelt- und Lebensstiltheorien nach. Als Resultat liegt nun erstmalig eine detaillierte Beschreibung der lebensweltlichen Wirklichkeit dieser'Antipoden der Fernsehgesellschaft'vor. Darüber hinaus entwickelt der Autor eine datengestützte Typologie, die einen differenzierten Blick auf die Nichtfernseher erlaubt und Rückschlüsse auf die gesellschaftliche Verteilung der unterschiedlichen Nichtfernseher zuläßt.

Fino a che punto l'uomo, grazie alla scienza e alla tecnologia, può migliorare se stesso, allungandosi la vita e potenziando le proprie funzioni fisiche e mentali? Il libro cerca di rispondere a questa domanda in sette capitoli. Nel primo e nel secondo si parla del sogno dell'immortalità e della possibilità di raggiungere quei 120 anni di vita inscritti nel genoma umano. Nel terzo capitolo si affronta il tema del miglioramento dell'aspetto fisico e del potenziamento delle capacità mentali, illustrando le possibili conseguenze di queste applicazione su vasta scala. Nel quarto e quinto si illustrano gli scenari della comunicazione globale, i rischi e le possibili contromisure da prendere. Nel sesto e settimo capitolo si accenna agli scenari possibili del post-umano e si analizzano le conseguenze, sul piano morale e teoretico, di ciò che gli autori considerano un atto di delega alla tecnologia. Il libro, con brevi citazioni di autori classici e moderni, ha alcune illustrazioni di opere originali degli artisti Luigi Battisti e Fabrizio Bosco.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfängen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen für die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfügung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden müssen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

The first three volumes of this series have dealt with materials which generally justify the title, The Biology of Alcoholism. This is only remotely true of the present volume, Social Aspects of Alcoholism, or of the final volume to come, Treatment and Rehabilitation. Except for small portions of the treatment section which involve pharmacotherapy, much of these last two volumes deals with the psychological aspects of alcoholism and still more with the social. It is interesting to review the evolution of this new pattern over the past seven years, a pattern which, had it existed initially, would have resulted, if not in a dif­ ferent format, at least in a different title. Our initial selection of areas to be covered was influenced by our desire to present as'hard'data as possible, in an attempt to lend a greater aura of scientific rigor to a field which was generally considered as'soft.'When we completed our review of this material in volumes 1-3, we recognized that what we might have gained in rigor, we had more than lost in completeness. These volumes presented a picture of a biological disease syndrome for which the remedies and preventive measures were presumably also biological. And yet, most workers in the field readily accept the significant contributions of psychological and social factors to the pathogenesis and treatment of alcoholism.

Evolutionary Aesthetics is the attempt to understand the aesthetic judgement of human beings and their spontaneous distinction between'beauty'and'ugliness'as a biologically adapted ability to make important decisions in life. The hypothesis is - both in the area of'natural beauty'and in sexuality, with regard to landscape preferences, but also in the area of'artificial beauty'(i.e. in art and design) - that beauty opens up fitness opportunities, while ugliness holds fitness risks. In this book, this adaptive view of aesthetics is developed theoretically, presented on the basis of numerous examples, and its consequences for evolutionary anthropology are illuminated.

There is widespread concern amongst consumers about the safety and acceptability of food, and there are clearly communication gaps between consumers, many food professionals and food industry. This book offers accounts of the two-way nature of this difficult communication process and steps that can be made to bridge these communication gaps in a variety of social and cultural environments. Individual chapters of the book analyze the roles of science, culture, and risk perception, and of mass media and attitudes towards eating. An additional section describes the interface between scientists and lay people with regard to policy-making and agricultural practice.