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Objectives: To find out the frequency of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in the female population of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Material and Methods: Two hundred pregnant women with impaired blood glucose level were included in this cross sectional study conducted in Department of Gynaecology and Pathology Khyber Teaching Hospital and Nasir Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan from January 2016 to December 2016. Participants included were women with gestational age up till 28 weeks, with positive family history for diabetes mellitus, signs and symptoms of Diabetes, obesity and bad obstetrical history. Women above the age of 40 years and known diabetics were not included in this study. In accordance to inclusion criteria fasting, random blood sugar levels and OGTT was done. Results: Minimum age was 16 years and maximum age was 40 years with mean age of 28 years (SD ±6.1). The number of female with positive family history for diabetes mellitus was 136 and mostly women of gravida 1 and gravida 2 were affected. Out of total 200 patients, 10% of the participants showed raised sugar level on OGTT. Conclusion: The frequency of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is high amongst the women of KPK in gravida 1 and 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High blood pressure is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and may be more prevalent in persons with psychopathology. Objective: To determine the association between uncontrolled hypertension with depressive and anxiety disorders in two tertiary care centers in Karachi. Methods: It was a case-control study conducted in two hospitals in Karachi. Cases were patients with uncontrolled hypertension and controls were patients with controlled hypertension. History of anxiety or depression as measured by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was the exposure. HADS of >8 was suggestive of having anxiety or depression. Results: A total of 700 participants were approached, out of whom 590 fulfilled the inclusion criteria and consented to participate, 323 (54.7%) participants were enrolled as cases and 267 (45.3%) as controls. Mean (SD) age was 54.98 (12.38) years, 229 (38%) were males. Odds ratio (OR) (95% CI) of having uncontrolled hypertension and being depressed (HADS-D > 8) was 2.02 (1.44-2.83), p value ≤ 0.001. The association remained significant even after adjusting for age and gender in Model 1 OR (95% CI): 1.82 (1.27-2.60), p value = 0.001, ethinicity and education in Model 2 OR (95% CI): 1.87 (1.29-2.71), p value = 0.001 and comorbids, history of hospitalization body mass index in Model 3 OR (95% CI): 1.94 (1.31-2.85), p value = 0.001. Conclusion: There is association between uncontrolled hypertension and depression that is independent of sociodemographic factors, comorbids and history of hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]