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Oseltamivir phosphate (OSP), marketed under the brand name of Tamiflu®, is a potent inhibitor of viral neuraminidase, a glycoside hydrolase enzyme essential for viral replication. OSP is also important to control influenza virus (H1N1) and is produced mainly from shikimic acid (SA) extracted from plants. The main source of SA is from seeds of I. verum. Alternatives to meet the worldwide demand are necessary. One of this is Cryptomeria japonica. In this study, we found a content of 56.36 mg.kg-1 of SA in dried biomass for C. japonica, while for I.verum, the traditional source, was 96.57 mg.kg-1. Due to the fact of C. japonica is a tree, exploited for commercial production, it can be a renewable and reliable source SA for OSP production.

The inoculation of seeds with nitrogen-fixing and plant-growth promoting bacteria is a well-established agricultural practice that has been increasingly adopted worldwide, decreasing costs and environmental impacts of food production. Most of the globally commercialized inoculants are for the soybean crop, and a method for recovery of Bradyrhizobium cells from inoculated soybean seeds for subsequent counting has been adopted by several laboratories of South America, especially to investigate the bacterial survival on seeds treated with pesticides. However, the use of inoculants containing Azospirillum brasilense in cereal crops has exponentially increased, requiring investigation about the recovery and counting of cells from inoculated seeds. We first verified that the method used for recovery and counting of viable cells of Bradyrhizobium from soybean seeds was not applicable for maize seeds inoculated with A. brasilense. We then modified several steps of the method, aiming at succeeding in recovering Azospirillum viable cells. The main limitation was identified in the nature of the seed tegument, dry and poor in nutrients, resulting in A. brasilense cell aggregation. Pre-hydration of seeds for 2 h in sterile distilled water, followed by shaking for 30 min in sterile distilled water with Tween 80 allowed proper counting of A. brasilense cells recovered from maize seeds. The method was successfully applied to count Azospirillum cells recovered from pre-inoculated maize seeds, and to estimate the impact of seed treatment with pesticides on cell survival.

Brazil has an extensive area where the climate and soil are suitable for oil palm growing. However, in part of this area, production has been limited by the occurrence of the fatal yellowing (FY) anomaly, whose initial symptom is the rotting of absorptive roots. This symptom can be more severe in oil palm genetic materials with a smaller root system. The aim of this study was to examine morphological traits of roots and shoots of seedlings of three oil palm genotypes with different degrees of resistance to FY, namely, Tenera (sensitive), Caiaué (resistant) and Interspecific Hybrid (resistant) to provide bases to elucidate the differential resistance of these materials to FY. Shoot biomass did not vary statistically between the genetic materials. The mass, length and area of fine and very fine roots were significantly higher in the Interspecific Hybrid than in Caiaué and Tenera. The fine and very fine roots of Interspecific Hybrid had a larger mass than Caiaué (114 and 133%, respectively) and Tenera (216 and 178%, respectively). The Interspecific Hybrid also exhibited higher values for the length of fine and very fine roots than Caiaué (155 and 99% respectively) and Tenera (228 and 94% respectively). The root traits of the Interspecific Hybrid and Tenera are compatible with their differential resistance to FY. Our results demonstrate the importance of expanding the study of the relationship between root morphology and resistance to FY in these genetic materials under conditions that favor the occurrence of the anomaly, such as flooding. O Brasil possui uma extensa área com clima e solo aptos ao plantio de palma de óleo. No entanto, a produção em parte desta área tem sido limitada pela ocorrência da anomalia Amarelecimento Fatal (AF), cujo sintoma inicial é o apodrecimento das raízes de absorção. Esse sintoma pode ser mais severo em materiais genéticos de palma de óleo que apresentem sistema radicular reduzido. O objetivo foi avaliar características morfológicas de raízes e parte aérea de mudas de três genótipos de palma de óleo com graus diferentes de resistência ao AF: Tenera (sensível), Caiaué (resistente) e Híbrido Interespecífico (resistente) para fornecer subsídios ao entendimento da resistência diferencial desses materiais ao AF. A biomassa da parte aérea não variou estatisticamente entre os materiais genéticos. Massa, comprimento e área de raízes finas e muito finas foram significativamente maiores no Híbrido Interespecífico do que no Caiaué e no Tenera. O Híbrido Interespecífico apresentou valores de massa de raízes finas e muito finas superiores em relação ao Caiaué (114 e 133%, respectivamente) e Tenera (216 e 178%, respectivamente). O Híbrido Interespecífico também apresentou valores superiores de comprimento de raízes finas e muito finas em relação ao Caiaué (155 e 99% respectivamente) e Tenera (228 e 94% respectivamente). As características radiculares do Híbrido Interespecífico e do Tenera são compatíveis com sua resistência diferencial ao AF. Nossos resultados demonstram a importância de ampliar o estudo da relação entre morfologia radicular e resistência ao AF destes materiais genéticos em condições que favoreçam a ocorrência da anomalia, como alagamento.

'Cratylia argentea' is a neotropical leguminous shrub that exhibits symbiosis with nitrogen (N) fixing bacteria and high levels of protein. Thus, it has potential for animal feed and green manure. In spite of its potential, few cultivars are registered for the species and there is little information in regard to its interaction with N-fixing microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobium strains on the growth and concentration of N in 'Cratylia argentea'. Seeds were inoculated with two strains of 'Rhizobium' sp.,CR 33 (BR10243) and CR42 (BR10244), and four strains of 'Bradyrhizobium' sp., CR52 (BR10257), CPAC-B10, SEMIA 6464 (BR3262), and SEMIA 6462 (BR3267), and sown in pots filled with sand and vermiculite in a greenhouse. After 150 days we evaluated the number of nodules, shoot and nodules dry matter, total nitrogen and crude protein contents for the shoots. The plants inoculated with CR 52 exhibited nodulation, with nodular efficiency of 0.189 and relative efficiency of 66.14%; it is possible to observe the effect of nodulation as of 85 days after sowing. Based on the obtained results it was identified the strain that showed symbiosis with 'C. argentea' and presents potential to be used as a commercial inoculant.

The estimation of genetic parameters allows for the selection of superior individuals for important traits in plant breeding. The objectives of the present study were to estimate and predict the gains in genetic parameters, as well as to select superior individuals for morphoagronomic and pulp quality characteristics in C. moschata. Ten progenies derived from accessions collected in the northeast of Brazil were evaluated for 17 morphoagronomic characteristics and chemical quality of the pulp, including total carotenoids and β-carotene. The low values of additive genetic variance denote the need for additional selection cycles for the evaluated characteristics. Heritability greater than 30% was observed for 13 of the 17 variables analysed, indicating success in selection. Likewise, accuracy values between 74 and 93% were obtained for 15 of the evaluated variables, demonstrating the existence of high genetic variance. Individual ranking was conducted for the variables fruit weight (FRW), soluble solid content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), total carotenoid content (CBT) and β-carotene (β-Car), identifying five individuals of progeny 10 that were promising for advancement in selection for SSC, CBT and β-car. In ranking the simultaneous evaluations for all the characteristics and taking into account the formats piriform and 'moranga', two individuals of progeny 10, which coincided with the top ranking for SSC, CBT and β-car, were identified. This identification of more than one promising individual enhances the potential of the progenies evaluated for the development of commercial and productive lines in semi-arid conditions. Made available in DSpace on 2019-03-14T19:51:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rita2019.pdf: 1026716 bytes, checksum: 082ba4d0b4362c79d48f41eaaba09bb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

A cenoura é a quarta hortaliça mais consumida no país e uma das mais consumidas no mundo. Considerando a importância da seleção de materiais de cenoura, conforme a região e o sistema de cultivo, objetivou-se avaliar o comportamento de cultivares e populações de cenoura, sob manejo orgânico, nas condições do Submédio do Vale do São Francisco, no período de temperaturas amenas (junho a setembro de 2008). O experimento foi conduzido em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e três repetições, com 13 cultivares (Brasília, Alvorada, Karine, Brazlândia, Nantes, Suprema, Redonda de Nice, Nancy, Kuronan, Esplanada, Danvers, Tropical, Nova Kuroda) e três populações (Alvorada POP, Brasília POP e Esplanada POP). A altura de plantas oscilou de 48,0 a 64,1 cm, com destaque para a cultivar Brasília (64,1 cm). A produtividade total de raízes variou de 65,2 a 98,9 t ha-1, sendo maior para os genótipos Brasília POP (98,9 t ha-1), Brasília (96,3 t ha-1) e Danvers (94,7 t ha-1). A produtividade comercial de raízes oscilou de 0,0 a 84,5 t ha-1, destacando-se os genótipos Brasília POP (84,5 t ha-1), Brasília (81,7 t ha-1) e Danvers (78,1 t ha-1). A cultivar Esplanada sobressaiu-se com maior massa fresca de raiz (123,2 g raiz-1), seguida pela cultivar Danvers (122,8 g raiz-1) e o genótipo Esplanada POP (119,1 g raiz-1), com a primeira e o último não apresentando maiores produtividades comerciais. Carrot is the fourth most consumed vegetable in Brazil and one of the most consumed worldwide. Considering the importance of the selection of carrot genotypes, depending on the region and cropping system, we evaluated the behavior of cultivars and populations of carrot under organic cropping system, under the climatic conditions of the Submiddle São Francisco Valley, Pernambuco state, Brazil, during the period of mild temperatures (June to September 2008). The experiment was carried out in randomized blocks design and three replications evaluating 13 cultivars (Brasília, Alvorada, Karine, Brazlândia, Nantes, Suprema, Redonda de Nice, Nancy, Kuronan, Esplanada, Danvers, Tropical, Nova Kuroda) and three populations (Alvorada POP, Brasília POP and Esplanada POP). Plant height ranged from 48.0 to 64.1 cm, with an emphasis for Brasilia (64.1 cm). The total root yield ranged from 65.2 to 98.9 t ha-1 being greater for Brasília POP (98.9 t ha-1), followed by Brasília (96.3 t ha-1) and Danvers (94.7 t ha-1). The yield of roots ranged from 0.0 to 84.5 t ha-1, highlighting the genotypes Brasília POP (84.5 t ha-1), Brasilia (81.7 t ha-1) and Danvers (78.1 t ha-1). The cv. Esplanada excelled with higher fresh root weight (123.2 g root-1), followed by cv. Danvers (122.8 g root-1) and genotype Esplanada POP (119.1 g root-1) the former and the latter presenting no higher marketable yields.

The wine grape production in the tropical zone, and in particularly in the Brazilian semi-arid region, is dependent on irrigation practice due to insufficient rainfall and irregular distribution over three to four months in a year. Drip irrigation systems as well as vertical trellis system are predominant for wine grapes in this region. Some of the irrigation management guidance in practice in the field is based on previous experience and knowledge from other regions with some climate similarities, like USA (California) and Australia. As a relatively new crop in the Brazilian semi-arid region, first research results about irrigation scheduling or strategies in wine grapes are recent. Irrigation strategies as deficit irrigation, regulated deficit irrigation and partial rootzone drying have been evaluated. Therefore, research efforts in the Brazilian semi-arid region should be addressed to water consumption by scion/rootstock varieties, as well as ecophysiological behavior, berry and wine characteristics influenced by water management, according to local edaphic and climatic conditions.

An adaptability and stability study was carried out using soybean yield data from several locations in Parana State, obtained from 1990 to 1999. The main objectives were: a) to check the efficiency of the Embrapa Soja breeding program for selecting the highest yielding lines with specific (regional) or broad adaptation; b) to analyze the performance of the control cultivars under favorable and unfavorable conditions; c) to identify the best stability methodology for inbred line evaluation. The evaluated lines were classified into early (L), semiearly (M) and medium (N) maturity groups. A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in each location and all analyses were carried out by maturity group. The number of M maturity lines that scored higher than the controls BR-16 and Embrapa 4 increased along the years, especially in unfavorable environments. On the other hand, the number of L and N maturity groups scoring higher than the controls either remained constant or fluctuated (increasing or decreasing) with time. The controls FT-Guaira, Embrapa 4, BR16 and FT-10 and the great majority of the tested lines showed broad adaptation. IAS 5 and FT-Abyara showed adaptation to poor environments and also broad adaptation. The analysis of the means in favorable and unfavorable environments was the most efficient method for soybean line evaluation. A methodology to classify soybean genotypes was proposed, based on these means.

International audience; A root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitizing rice (Oryza sativaL.) and causing damage in Santa Catarina (SC), Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and Parana (PR) states (Brazil) was identified asMeloidogyne ottersoni(Thorne1969) Franklin1971. The species is redescribed from the Brazilian population from Meleiro (SC) and compared with the description ofM. ottersonifrom Wind Lake (Wisconsin, USA) with additional morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. The female and male bear smaller stylets: 10-12 mu m, 14-16 mu m, respectively, when compared withM. graminicola: 12-14 mu m, 16-18 mu m, andM. oryzae: 14-16 mu m, 18-20 mu m.Meloidogyne ottersonipresents perineal patterns located on the contour of a slight protuberance. Striae are mostly continuous, never raised by transverse irregular striae, as frequently observed inM. graminicolaandM. oryzae.Meloidogyne ottersonibelongs to the RKN group 11 described by Jepson (1987); the reproduction is by meiotic parthenogenesis and the somatic chromosome number is 18. The tail of second-stage juveniles is very long and thin, and tapers to a long, narrow, irregular hyaline terminus (M. ottersoni, 20.5 mu mvs M. graminicola,17.9 mu m andM. oryzae, 22.0 mu m, respectively). The ability of the BrazilianM. ottersonipopulation to parasitize canary grass,Phalaris arundinaceaL. (type host), and barnyard grass,Echinocloa crus-galli,was confirmed. Biochemically, the esterase profile ofM. ottersonilacks any band (Est Ot0, Rm=0), which differentiates it fromM. graminicolaandM. oryzae(Est VS1, Rm=0.70 and Est O1,Rm=1.02, respectively). In Maximum Likelihood analysis of ITS, D2D3 and COXII-16S rRNA sequences, populations ofM. ottersonifrom different states of Brazil clustered together and were separated from otherMeloidogynespp., thus confirming that all four populations are very similar and conspecific.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:42:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-04-15 Agropolis Fondation Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Information about population structure and genetic relationships within and among wild and brazilian Coffea arabica L. genotypes is highly relevant to optimize the use of genetic resources for breeding purposes. In this study, we evaluated genetic diversity, clustering analysis based on Jaccard’s coefficient and population structure in 33 genotypes of C. arabica and of three diploid Coffea species (C. canephora, C. eugenioides and C. racemosa) using 30 SSR markers. A total of 206 alleles were identified, with a mean of 6.9 over all loci. The set of SSR markers was able to discriminate all genotypes and revealed that Ethiopian accessions presented higher genetic diversity than commercial varieties. Population structure analysis indicated two genetic groups, one corresponding to Ethiopian accessions and another corresponding predominantly to commercial cultivars. Thirty-four private alleles were detected in the group of accessions collected from West side of Great Rift Valley. We observed a lower average genetic distance of the C. arabica genotypes in relation to C. eugenioides than C. canephora. Interestingly, commercial cultivars were genetically closer to C. eugenioides than C. canephora and C. racemosa. The great allelic richness observed in Ethiopian Arabica coffee, especially in Western group showed that these accessions can be potential source of new alleles to be explored by coffee breeding programs. Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 375 Km Centro de Ciências Biológicas Área de Genética e Biologia Molecular Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), CP 10.011 CIRAD UMR AGAP AGAP Univ. Montpellier CIRAD INRA INRIA Montpellier SupAgro Departamento de Agronomia Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL), CP 6001 Instituto Agronômico do Paraná (IAPAR) Mestrado em Agricultura Conservacionista, CP 481 Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA Café) Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Plantas – IAPAR Embrapa Café, Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid, 375 km Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-01T18:46:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-04-01T18:51:40Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN0020-3653-2010-77-02-283-290.pdf: 215455 bytes, checksum: 3343dfad74854ca5f376869c802cc746 (MD5) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito de produtos fitossanitários sobre pupas de Trichogramma pretiosum. Foram conduzidos três bioensaios em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com 11 tratamentos e cinco repetições. Em cada repetição, ovos de Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) foram utilizados como hospedeiro alternativo, sendo aderidos em cartelas de cartolina de 1 cm2 com solução de goma arábica à 40% e oferecidos para o parasitismo por 24h. Após 168-192h do parasitismo, quando os parasitoides estavam na fase de pupa, as cartelas foram mergulhadas por cinco segundos nos tratamentos testados. Avaliou-se a sobrevivência dos indiví- duos tratados e a redução na emergência dos parasitoides foi classificada segundo as normas da IOBC. Os inseticidas flufenoxurom (Cascade® ) 10, diflubenzurom (Dimilin® ) 20 e metoxifenozide (Intrepid 240SC® ) 21,6 e 36 g i.a. ha-1 foram classificados como inócuos. Permetrina (Valon 384 CE® ) 49,92; betaciflutrina 12,5 + imidacloprido 100 (Connect® ) e gama-cialotrina (Stallion 150SC® ) 3,75 g i.a. ha-1 foram levemente nocivos. Clorpirifós (Lorban 480BR® ) 384 e espinosade (Tracer® ) 24 g i.a. ha-1 foram moderadamente nocivos. Os herbicidas glifosato 720 + imazetapir 90 (Alteza® ); s-metolacloro (Dual Gold® ) 1920; flumioxazina (Flumyzin 500® ) 60; clomazona (Gamit® ) 1000; glifosato 2880 (Gliz 480SL® ); dicloreto de paraquate 600 + diurom 300 (Gramocil® ); glifosato 1200 (Roundup Ready® ); foram classificados como inócuos e os herbicidas 2,4-D (DMA 806BR® ) 1209; dicloreto de paraquate (Gramoxone® ) 600; glifosato (Roundup Transorb® ) 2592 g i.a. ha-1 classificados como levemente nocivos. Os fungicidas tiofanato-metílico (Cercobin 500 SC® ) 400; flutriafol 60 + tiofanato-metílico 300 (Celeiro® ); carbendazin (Derosal 500SC® ) 250; tebuconazole (Folicur EC® ) 150; flutriafol (Impact® ) 125; tebuconazole 120 + trifloxistrobina 60 (Nativo® ); epoxiconazole 30 + piraclostrobina 79,8 (Opera® ); epoxiconazole (Opus SC® ) 12,5; azoxistrobina (Priori® ) 50; azoxistrobina 60 + ciproconazole 24 (Priori Xtra® ) g i.a. ha-1 foram classificados como inócuos a T. pretiosum na fase de desenvolvimento avaliada (pupa). Dentre os produtos avaliados, aqueles classificados como inócuos devem ser priorizados no manejo integrado de pragas (MIP) por compatibilizar o uso do controle químico sem prejudicar o controle biológico. Do mesmo modo, os produtos classificados como moderadamente nocivos devem ser evitados sempre que possível ou substituídos por outro de menor impacto. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different pesticides on Trichogramma pretiosum pupae. Three tests were carried out with 11 treatments and 5 replications. Eggs of Anagasta kuehniella (Zeller, 1879) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were used as a factitious host affixed on 1cm2 pieces of cardboard using a non-noxious glue solution (40% gum arabic) and then offered to parasitism for 24 h. After 168–192 h from the parasitism, when the parasitoids were at the pupae stage, the pieces of cardboard were dipped for five seconds in the treatments. The parasitoid survival was evaluated and the emergence was classified accordingly to the IOBC guidelines. The insecticides flufenoxuron (Cascade ® ) 10, diflubenzuron (Dimilin® ) 20 and methoxyfenozide (Intrepid 240SC ® ) 21.6 and 36 g a.i. ha-1 were classified as harmless. Permethrin (Valon 384CE® ) 49.92, beta-cyfluthrin 12.5 + imidacloprid 100 (Connect® ) and gammacyhalothrin (Stallion 150SC ® ) 3.75 g a.i. ha-1 were slightly harmful. Chlorpyriphos (Lorsban 480BR® ) 384 and spinosad (Tracer® ) 24 g a.i. ha-1 were moderately harmful. The herbicides glyphosate 720 + imazetapyr 90 (Alteza® ), s-metolachlor (Dual Gold® ) 1920, flumyoxazin (Flumyzin 500® ) 60, clomazone (Gamite® ) 1000, glyphosate (Gliz® ) 2880, paraquat dichloride 600 + diuron 300 (Gramocil® ), glyphosate 1200 (Roundup Ready® ) were classified as harmless, and the herbicides 2.4-D (DMA® ) 1209, paraquat dichloride (Gramoxone® ) 600 and glyphosate (Roundup Transorb® ) 2592 g a.i. ha-1 were classified as slightly harmful. The fungicides metil tiofanate (Cercobin 500SC ® ) 400, flutriafol 60 + metil tiofanate 300 (Celeiro® ), carbendazin (Derosal 500SC® ) 250, tebuconazol (Folicur EC ® ) 150, flutriafol (Impact® ) 125, tebuconazol 120 + trifloxystrobin 60 (Nativo® ), epoxiconazol 30 + piraclostrobin 79.8 (Opera® ), epoxiconazol (Opus SC® ) 12.5, azoxystrobin (Priori® ) 50, azoxystrobin 60 + ciproconazol 24 (Priori Xtra® ) g a.i. ha-1 were harmless to T. pretiosum pupae. Among the tested products, the harmless ones should be chosen in a program of integrated pest management (IPM) since it allows the use of pesticides without harm to the biological control. On the other hand, the moderately harmful pesticides should be avoided or replaced by another product with less impact whenever it is possible. Universidade de Rio Verde, CP 104, CEP 75901-970, Rio Verde, GO, Brasil. E-mail: adeney@cnpso.embrapa.br Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brasil Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brasil Bolsista Pós-Doutorado CAPES/PNPD - FESURV. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil

The objective of this study was to evaluate the Holopothrips fulvus Morgan (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) population dynamics and to identify dwarf cashew genotypes less infested by the pest in 2015 and 2016, under field conditions. H. fulvus population evaluations were carried out by monthly observations in the plants and using a score scale varying from 0 to 4. H. fulvus infestation occurred from October to December, and in the cashew genotypes CAP 112/8, CAP 121/1, CAP 131/2, CAP 145/2, CAP 145/7, CAP 128/2, CAP 120/4, CAP 123/6, CAP 130/1, and CAP 157/2 was dependent on the flowering period of the crop in 2015. In 2016, there was dependence in all evaluated genotypes between H. fulvus infestation and the cashew flowering period. In 2015, no significant differences were observed between the evaluated genotypes regarding H. fulvus infestation. In 2016, genotypes CAP 105/5, CAP 143/7, CAP 150/3, CAP 155/2, CAP 158/8, CAP 161/7, CAP 163/8, CAP 31, CAP 71, CAP 92, CAP 113, CAP 120, CAP 155, CAP 165, CAP 106/1, CAP 111/2, CAP 127/3, CAP 157/2, and BRS 226 were less infested. H. fulvus occurs from October to December and we could identify the dwarf cashew genotypes less infested by the pest.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-10T19:48:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-02-05 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) The aim of this study was to evaluate yield and chemical composition of the must in grapevines subjected to Nitrogen (N) supply methods in sandy soils. The vineyard cultivar was 'Alicante Bouschet' (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on 1103 Paulsen rootstock, in southern Brazil. The treatments consisted of the application of 20 + 20 kg N ha(-1) without irrigation (NW), 20 + 20 kg N ha(-1) followed by irrigation (NFI), 20 + 20 kg N ha(-1) via fertigation (NF), 20 kg N ha(-1) via fertigation (1/2NF), and a control (C) without N application. The study was conducted during four crop seasons. Leaves were collected at flowering and veraison to determination N concentration. Stem diameter, grape yield and its components were determined. In the must were evaluated the total soluble solids (TSS), pH, total titratable acidity (TTA) and total anthocyanins (TA). The concentration of nitrate and ammonium in soil solution was determined. N application followed by irrigation or N supplied via fertigation provided to the vines larger stem diameters and leaf N concentrations, in most crop seasons. Grapevines submitted to N application via fertigation or followed by irrigation presented higher yields than conventional application without irrigation, and between two and three times higher than the control. N supply methods little affected total soluble solids contents. The application of N to the soil, regardless of the N supply method, decreased the anthocyanin concentration in the grape must, due to the dilution effect on the pulp/skin ratio, promoted by the yield increase. Fed Univ Santa Maria UFSM, Soil Sci Dept, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Fed Univ Santa Maria UFSM, Agron Dept, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Fed Univ Santa Maria UFSM, Agr Engn Dept, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Fed Inst Farroupilha, Santo Augusto Campus, BR-98590000 Santo Augusto, RS, Brazil Fed Univ Santa Maria UFSM, Food Technol Dept, BR-97105900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil Brazilian Agr Res Corp Embrapa, Natl Res Ctr Grape & Wine, BR-95700000 Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fruticulture Dept, BR-11900000 Registro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fruticulture Dept, BR-11900000 Registro, SP, Brazil CAPES: 001

The collection time could be an important target for optimizing technological processes in obtaining essential oils of interest to agribusiness. The objective of this study was to distinguish the time for the collecting of Achillea millefolium L. leaves, which provides the highest yield and quality of the essential oil. Also, identify the type of polyethylene packaging and leaf storage period during the one-year period that would maintain the essential oil characteristics. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and chemometric studies were performed into two steps trial to detect changes in chemical profile induced by different conditions. First, an analysis of the leaf collection time was performed using chromatographic data from six different gathering times throughout the day. After determining the best time to collect from the leaves, the essential oil was extracted in five storage periods over a year. The highest oil content was observed in leaves harvested between 11 and 15 h, with a maximum of 39 min after 13 h. Therefore, it is recommended to perform extraction in the early afternoon. There was no significant statistical differentiation related to polyethylene packages. In addition, it is recommended that the essential oil can be stored without significant changes for up to six months.

International audience; A root-knot nematode parasitizing rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Santa Catarina state (Brazil) was identified as Meloidogyne oryzae Maas, Sanders and Dede, 1978 using different approaches. The specimens studied from this Brazilian population were compared with the type description of M. oryzae from Suriname, with additional morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. The female has a longer stylet (15.0 μm) when compared with M. graminicola (11.2 μm) with irregularly shaped knobs, vulva offset and slightly protruding in posterior region. The lip region was distinct from first body annuli, and labial disc and the medial lips form an anchor-shaped structure. Perineal patterns were similar to M. graminicola. The male has a lip region offset and the presence of few short and irregular lines; medial lips divided, not fused with labial disc and stylet (18.2 μm) longer than in M. graminicola (16.8 μm). Second-stage juvenile (J2) tail (75.8 μm) was longer than in M. graminicola (70.9 μm) with a very long narrow hyaline portion (22 μm in M. oryzae and 17.9 μm in M. graminicola). Biochemically, it presented a distinct esterase profile (Est O1=R1), differentiating it from M. graminicola (Est VS1). The number of chromosomes was 3n = 50–56, and in DNA sequences of ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rRNA the two populations of M. oryzae clustered together with other mitotic parthenogenetic species, differentiating them from M. graminicola with n = 18 chromosomes and clustered with meiotic species. Phylogenetic analysis using neutral markers (AFLP and RAPD) showed that both M. oryzae populations form a coherent, closely related cluster separately from M. graminicola isolates. This study represented the first detection of M. oryzae in Brazil and the second in the world after the species description in 1971.

International audience; The aim of this work was to study the regulation of coffee DREB-like genes in leaves of C. arabica subjected to cold, heat, low relative humidity, exogenous abscisic acid and high light stress, as well as in leaves and roots of drought-tolerant and drought-susceptible clones of Coffea canephora subjected to water limitation. In C. arabica, CaERF017 was the most expressed gene under low temperatures and relative humidity, while low humidity and high temperatures up-regulated the expression of CaERF053 and CaERF014, respectively. Under water limitation, CcDREB1B, CcRAP2.4, CcERF027, CcDREB1D and CcTINY were the most expressed genes mainly in leaves of drought-tolerant C. canephora. On the other hand, expression of the CcERF016, CcRAP2.4 and CcDREB2F genes was highly up-regulated under water limitation in the roots of drought-susceptible C. canephora clone 22. We previously reported fine-tuned regulation of CcDREB1D promoter haplotypes (HP15, HP16 and HP17) in transgenic C. arabica subjected to low humidity. Here, we investigated the regulation of these haplotypes under high light, cold, heat, and abscisic acid (ABA) stress. In apical buds and leaf guard cells, GUS-stained percentages were higher in pHP16L-transformed plants subjected to low humidity, high light and ABA stress than in pHP17L- and pHP15L-transformed plants. We also reported up-regulated expression of the endogenous CaDREB1D gene for both the cold and low humidity in leaves of pHP16L-transformed C. arabica suggesting a key role of this gene in controlling the responses of coffee plants to abiotic stress probably through an ABA-dependent pathway.

We have identified specimens of the leafhopper Gypona cerea DeLong & Freytag (Cicadellidae: Iassinae: Gyponini) collected from a crop of dwarf cashew (Anacardium occidentale Linnaeus 1753) located in Canto do Buriti, Piaui, Northeastern Brazil. The damage caused to the crop included inflorescences covered with sticky exudates, presence of sooty mold, and yellowing and drying of new shoots and inflorescences. Such documentation serves as a warning about possible outbreaks of infestation in the region and the likelihood of its expansion to other cashew producing areas.

The South American fruit fly Anastrepha fraterculus (Wied., 1830) is one of the major insect pests of economicimportance in vineyards of Southern Brazil. Understanding species behavior and knowing the moments when theirpopulation peaks occur can help producers and technicians to define management strategies. This work was carried outthe spatial and temporal distribution of the A. fraterculus in two commercial vineyards of variety ?Moscato Branco? fortwo crop seasons. To evaluate the A. fraterculus distribution, we used the mass trapping system with handmade traps(transparent plastic bottles of polyethylene terephthalate ? PET), baited with hydrolyzed protein CeraTrap?. Theevaluations were performed every two weeks, counting the total number of adults found per trap in each vineyard. Fromthe number of insects caught per trap, data analysis was performed using geostatistics, through semivariograms. Thespatio-temporal fruit fly distribution was evaluated by thematic maps, using the inverse square distance interpolation.The semivariograms showed that most of the reviews were ?pure nugget? effect, indicating the absence of spatial datadependence. The spatio-temporal distribution maps allow us to assert that A. fraterculus shows invasive behavior in thevineyard, with its entry from the edges to the center, associated with the fruit ripening. Keywords:Anastrepha fraterculus, Vitis vinifera L., inverse distance weighting, spatial variability. Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-09T00:34:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 0034737Xrceres6604287.pdf: 825230 bytes, checksum: 18ca4336525cc1259722f0bdbeb500e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

A laranja ‘de Russas’ é uma variedade tradicional adaptada ao semiárido com potencial de atender o mercado de frutas de mesa. O trabalho avaliou o desenvolvimento de laranjeiras pés francos na fase vegetativa, comparando-as com clones BRS Russas sobre porta-enxertos, e na fase reprodutiva, utilizando quatro intervalos de idade para determinar a curva de crescimento. Analisaram-se a altura (H); diâmetros (DL e DR) e volume médio da copa (V3); diâmetro do caule (D) e razão de compatibilidade copa/porta-enxerto (IC). As laranjeiras pés francos apresentaram desenvolvimento vegetativo inferior ao dos clones BRS Russas na fase juvenil, indicando que a ausência da juvenilidade proporcionada pelo uso de mudas enxertadas, entre outros fatores, como a alta afinidade entre os clones e os porta-enxertos, pode ter favorecido a formação das copas dos clones, destacando-se o desenvolvimento do clone BRS Russas 04 sobre os citrandarins ‘Indio e San Diego’ diante dos estresses abióticos típicos do semiárido cearense. As laranjeiras pés francos em período produtivo apresentavam alto vigor, com predomínio de crescimento vertical, apesar de ganharem em diâmetro e volume de copa à medida que envelhecem e estabilizam a produção, permitindo a obtenção de produtividades mais elevadas e retorno econômico significativo na citricultura tradicional.Palavras-chave: agricultura familiar, citros, diversificação, melhoramento genético. DEVELOPMENT OF ORANGE TREES VARIETY 'RUSSAS' FEET FRANCS AND CLONES GRAFTED IN THE SEMIARID OF CEARÁ, BRAZIL ABSTRACT: The 'Russas' orange is a traditional variety adapted to the semiarid region with the potential to meet the fruit market. The study evaluated the development of ‘Russas’ orange feet francs in the vegetative stage, comparing them with clones BRS Russas on different rootstocks, and the reproductive stage, using four age intervals to determine the growth curve. We analyzed the height (H); diameters (DL and DR) and average volume of the canopy (V3); stem diameter (D) and reason of compatibility canopy/rootstock (IC). The orange feet francs presented below the vegetative development of the BRS Russas clones in juvenile phase, indicating that the absence of juvenility afforded by the use of grafted seedlings, among other factors, such as the high affinity between the clones and rootstocks, may have favored the formation of the canopies of the clones, highlighting the development of the BRS Russas 04 clone on the 'Indio and San Diego' citrandarins before the abiotic typical of semiarid. The orange feet francs in the productive period presented high force, with predominance of vertical growth, despite the gain in diameter and canopy volume as they grow older and stabilize production, allowing you to obtain higher yields and significant economic return in citriculture traditional.Keywords: family farming, citrus, diversification, genetic improvement.

Aphids are insects that attack crops and cause damage directly, by consuming the sap of plants, and indirectly,by vectoring microorganisms that can cause diseases. Cereal crops are hosts for many aphid species, includingRhopalosiphumpadi(an economically important aphid species). Recording and classifying aphids are necessaryfor evaluating and predicting crop damage. Thus, serving as a basis for decision making on the utilization ofcontrolmeasures.Itcanalsobeusefultoevaluateplantresistancetoaphids.Traditionally,therecordingprocessis manual and depends on magnification and well-trained staff. The manual counting is also a time-consumingprocess and susceptible to errors. With this in mind, this paper presents a method and software to automate thecounting and classification ofRhopalosiphum padiusing image processing, computer vision, and machinelearningmethods.Thetextalsopresentsacomparisonofmanuallycountsfromexpertsandvaluesobtainedwiththe software, considering 40 samples. The results showed strong positive correlation in counting and classifi-cation(rs=0.92579)and measurement (r=0.9799).Concluding, thesoftware provedtobe reliableandusefulto aphid population monitoring studies. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-29T00:37:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1s2.0S0168169919306039main.pdf: 6302568 bytes, checksum: 435c8d868eb7ab89a4c9b46582ae5aba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

To provide alternatives to the use of spraying synthetic insecticides in C. capitata management, was evaluated the effect of ?attract and kill? toxic baits on population suppression of C. capitata in three commercial areas producing table grapes. Toxic baits of Gelsura" (4.5 L ha-1) and Success"? 0.02 CB (4.0 L ha-1) resulted in lower population levels of C. capitata adults in monitoring traps after five sequential applications at weekly intervals during the maturation period of the grapes when compared with control plots with or without insecticidal spray. In addition, plots with Gelsura? and Success? 0.02 CB applications showed a significant reduction in damage (%) by C. capitata on grape berries and grape bunches when compared with control plots without or with insecticidal spray. However, when compared with a plot treated by conventional management with sprays of etofenprox (Safety?, 100 g c.p. (commercial product) 100 L-1) and applications of spinosad (Success? 0.02 CB toxic bait) with a brush, only Gelsura? (4.5 L ha-1) showed a lower level of damage of grape berries and grape bunches. Toxic baits Gelsura? (4.5 L ha-1) and Success? 0.02 CB (4.0 L ha-1) are promising alternatives for the population suppression of C. capitata on table grapes. Key words: attract-and-kill, alpha-cypermethrin, spinosad, Integrated Pest Management. Key words: attract-and-kill, alpha-cypermethrin, spinosad, Integrated Pest Management. Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-23T23:31:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 00013765aabc90043963.pdf: 955848 bytes, checksum: 984d2828233bea7cb9f514c3fab1c3a0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-12-20

Lobiopa insularis is one of the main pests of strawberry crop, causing direct damage to fruit, making them unfeasible for consumption and commercialization. This study aimed to estimate, under laboratory conditions, base emperature and thermal requirements of the eggs, larvae, pupae and the biological cycle (from egg to adult) of L. insularis. Insects were reared on artificial diet based on strawberry fruits, at temperatures of 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 and 31°C, using air-conditioned chambers (70±10% R.H.; 12 h photophase). The number of annual generations of L. insularis was estimated for eight municipalities belonging to the main strawberry growing regions in Brazil, considering base temperature and thermal constant. Development time of L. insularis was proportional to the temperature increase. The best development rate was obtained when insects were reared at 22 and 25ºC. Based on thermal requirements of L. insularis, the number of annual generations was estimated between 5 and 7 per year, according to the studied region. Exigências térmicas e estimativas do número de gerações anuais de Lobiopa insularis em morangueiro Lobiopa insularis é uma das principais pragas da cultura do morangueiro, provocando danos diretos nos frutos, inviabilizando--os para o consumo e comercialização. Neste trabalho, foi estimada a temperatura base e as exigências térmicas das fases de ovo, larva, pupa e do ciclo biológico (ovo a adulto) de L. insularis. Os insetos foram criados em dieta artificial à base de frutos de morango maduros, nas temperaturas de 16, 19, 22, 25, 28 e 31°C, utilizando câmaras climatizadas (70±10% U.R.; fotofase de 12h). O número de gerações anuais de L. insularis foi estimado para oito municípios pertencentes às principais regiões produtoras de morango no Brasil, por meio da temperatura base e da constante térmica. A velocidade de desenvol-vimento de L. insularis aumentou com a elevação da temperatura. A faixa mais adequada para o desenvolvimento da espécie foi entre 22 e 25ºC. Com base nas exigências térmicas de L. insularis ,o número de gerações anuais foi estimado entre cinco e sete de acordo com a região estudada. Palavras-chave: Fragaria x ananassa, broca-do-morangueiro; ciclo biológico; temperatura base. Made available in DSpace on 2019-05-01T00:43:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ANDZEIEWSKIHortBrasV36ONLINE2018.pdf: 294197 bytes, checksum: 5c7e499e01bdc046174c2184ab19e04d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018

International audience; During the last decade, the worldwide market for fresh citrus fruits, mainly those that are seedless with easy-peeling and nice orange-colored skin, greatly increased. The elaboration of organoleptic quality is strongly defined by genetic and environmental components and their interaction. While several mandarin breeding programs have been developed worldwide, very few focus on the issues of tropical areas, and few data are available for citrus germplasm evaluation in a tropical environment. To optimize the mandarin production system, research related to the exploration of existing citrus germplasm, the expansion of the genetic base of orchards and the evaluation of the agronomic potential of new genotypes must be conducted. The objective of this study was to characterize and evaluate 25 mandarin varieties from typical Brazilian tropical citrus germplasm according to genetic, morphological and physicochemical traits over two consecutive years. Simple correlation coefficient analysis showed significant positive and negative correlations among characteristics (e.g., fruit diameter and total soluble solids). Principal component analysis showed that fruit diameter, fruit weight, total soluble solids, total titratable acidity, fruit surface texture and adherence of albedo to pulp were the variables that most contributed to phenotypic variability. Genetic diversity analysis grouped accessions in four main clusters corresponding to traditional edible Chinese mandarins, Mediterranean mandarins, tangelos and tango hybrids and nonedible mandarins. A multiple factorial analysis showed that phenotypic diversity was associated with genetic diversity mainly for taste, shape and color traits. The results of this study will be used for the conservation of the indigenous germplasm, identification of varieties with valuable traits related to fruit quality and subsequent exploitation in citrus breeding programs.

The relationship between nitric oxide (NO) and up-regulation of the antioxidant system ABA-mediated in maize was evaluated under long-term drought. Two maize genotypes with contrasting drought tolerance (BRS1010 - sensitive and DKB390 - tolerant) were exposed to two soil water levels, field capacity (FC) and water deficit (WD) at pre-flowering. After 12 days under these conditions, plants were irrigated and soil water level kept at FC until harvest. The plants BRS1010 under water deficit (WD) showed lower catalase activity and reduced levels of NO, whereas ABA and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels increased compared to plants under FC. Although, DKB390 plants under WD did not present changes on the activity of enzymatic antioxidant system and ABA compared to plants at FC, and cellular damage remain unaltered; this fact was associated with the increase in NO levels. As a result, DKB390 plants under WD showed harvest index values 50% higher than BRS1010 under the same condition. RESUMO: Avaliou-se a relação entre óxido nítrico (NO) e aumento na atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante induzido por ácido abscísico (ABA) em milho sob déficit hídrico severo. Para tanto, dois genótipos de milho contrastantes para tolerância à seca (BRS1010 - sensível e DKB390 - tolerante) foram cultivados sob irrigação e, ao atingirem o préflorescimento, foram expostos a dois níveis de água no solo (CC - capacidade de campo e DH - déficit hídrico). Após 12 dias nessas condições, a irrigação foi restabelecida de modo a manter o nível de água no solo sob CC até a colheita. Plantas do BRS1010 sob DH tiveram a atividade da enzima catalase e os níveis de NO diminuídos, enquanto os níveis de ABA e de malonaldeido (MDA) foram aumentados em relação às suas respectivas plantas sob CC. Por sua vez, plantas do DKB390 sob DH não apresentaram variações na atividade de enzimas do sistema antioxidante, tampouco nos níveis de ABA em relação às suas respectivas plantas sob CC, e ainda assim os níveis de MDA não foram alterados; fato acoplado a aumentos nos níveis de NO. Consequentemente, sob DH, as plantas oriundas do DKB390 apresentaram valores 50% maiores de índice de colheita em relação às dos BRS1010.nder this same condition

Bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (Mycosphaerella fijiensis) and Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense). However, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. Bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: 1) Ralstonia-associated diseases (Moko/Bugtok disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum and banana blood disease caused by Ralstonia syzygii subsp. celebesensis); 2) Xanthomonas wilt of banana and enset, caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. musacearum and (3) Erwinia-associated diseases (bacterial head rot or tip-over disease Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora and E. chrysanthemi), bacterial rhizome and pseudostem wet rot (Dickeya paradisiaca formerly E. chrysanthemi pv. paradisiaca). Other bacterial diseases of less widespread importance include: Javanese vascular wilt, bacterial wilt of abaca and bacterial fingertip rot (probably caused by Ralstonia spp., unconfirmed). This review describes global distribution, symptoms, pathogenic diversity, epidemiology and the state of the art for sustainable disease management of the major bacterial wilts currently affecting banana and enset.

Meloidogyne paranaensis is one of the most destructive root-knot nematode (RKN) species parasitizing coffee in Brazil and in the Americas generally. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic variability, aggressiveness and virulence of seven different M. paranaensis populations on susceptible and resistant Coffea spp. All seven RKN populations were identified by biochemical and molecular methods. Coffee seedlings were inoculated in the greenhouse, and the nematode reproduction factor was used to infer their reproduction on coffee genotypes. Phylogenetic studies showed a low genetic variability in M. paranaensis populations, regardless of the existence of three esterase phenotypes (Est P1, P2 and P2a), except for the population Est P2a from Guatemala, which is genetically different from other M. paranaensis populations from Brazil. The Est P2a and Est P2 (Herculândia, SP, Brazil) populations were the most aggressive on two susceptible C. arabica cultivars under greenhouse conditions. None of the M. paranaensis populations was virulent on resistant coffee genotypes, confirming their resistance to the seven M. paranaensis populations tested. The resistant coffee cultivars, namely Clone 14 INCAPER, Catuai Vermelho x Amphillo MR2161 (E1 16-5 III), Apoata IAC 2258, Timor Hybrid UFV 408-01 (E1 6-6 II) and IPR 100, exhibited segregation for resistance in the ratio of 0%, 2.4%, 12%, 26% and 29%, respectively. These are promising results, because they validate resistance against several M. paranaensis populations in different Coffea spp. genetic resources, which can be used in breeding programs or as rootstocks, such as ‘Apoata IAC 2258’ and ‘Clone 14 INCAPER’. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

International audience; Meloidogyne ethiopica is an important nematode pathogen causing serious economic damage to grapevine in Chile. In Brazil, M.ethiopica has been detected with low frequency in kiwifruit and other crops. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the intraspecific genetic variability of M.ethiopica isolates from Brazil and Chile using AFLP and RAPD markers and to develop a species-specific SCAR-PCR assay for its diagnosis. Fourteen isolates were obtained from different geographic regions or host plants. Three isolates of an undescribed Meloidogyne species and one isolate of M.ethiopica from Kenya were included in the analysis. The results showed a low level of diversity among the M.ethiopica isolates, regardless of their geographical distribution or host plant origin. The three isolates of Meloidogyne sp. showed a high homogeneity and clustered separately from M.ethiopica (100% bootstrap). RAPD screenings of M.ethiopica allowed the identification of a differential DNA fragment that was converted into a SCAR marker. Using genomic DNA from pooled nematodes as a template, PCR amplification with primers designed from this species-specific SCAR produced a fragment of 350bp in all 14 isolates of M.ethiopica tested, in contrast with other species tested. This primer pair also allowed successful amplification of DNA from single nematodes, either juveniles or females and when used in multiplex PCR reactions containing mixtures of other root-knot nematode species, thus showing the sensitivity of the assay. Therefore, the method developed here has potential for application in routine diagnostic procedures.

Resumo: Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) foi recentemente detectado causando danos aos morangos no Brasil. A infestação na cultura de morango frequentemente foi observada conjuntamente com a presença de Zaprionus indianus Gupta. Este estudo investigou a suscetibilidade de morangos em três estágios de amadurecimento para infestação de D. suzukii e Z. indianus e sua interação. Abstracts: Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) has been recently detected causing damage to strawberries in Brazil. Infestation in strawberry culture has often been observed jointly with the presence of Zaprionus indianus Gupta. This study investigated the susceptibility of strawberries at three ripening stages to infestation of D. suzukii and Z. indianus and their interaction. In the laboratory, strawberries cv. Albion at different ripening stages (green, semi-ripe and ripe) were exposed to D. suzukii and Z. indianus for 24 h in choice and no-choice bioassays. Additionally, we evaluated the effects of mechanical damage incurred artificially or by D. suzukii ovi-position on Z. indianus infestation. In no-choice bioassay, there were no significant differences in fruit susceptibility to D. suzukii infestation at different ripening stages. However, in choice bioassay, D. suzukii adults preferred to oviposit on R fruit. The presence of mechanical damage did not increase susceptibility of fruit to D. suzukii oviposition. For Z. indianus , there was greater susceptibility of R fruit in relation to SR and G fruit in both the choice and no-choice bioassays. There was a significant and positive interaction of mechanical damage and damage caused by D. suzukii to R fruit and infestation by Z. indianus , which was not observed in SR and G fruit. Although infestation of Z. indianus is related to attack damaged or decaying fruit, this work shows that this species has the ability to oviposit and develop in healthy strawberry fruit with and increased infestation level when the fruit has damage to its epidermis. Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-05T10:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DoriNeotropEntomol20174617.pdf: 307348 bytes, checksum: 3a2e3a5e301c38fd3887d650982ba4db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-11-08

Resumo. Durante o manejo da cultura da cana-de-acucar sao utilizados diversos produtos fitossanitarios que podem afetar o desempenho de parasitoides, inimigos naturais da broca-da-cana, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius) e consequentemente, o controle biologico da mesma. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar em laboratorio o efeito de herbicidas e reguladores de crescimento de plantas utilizados na cultura da cana-de-acucar, sobre a sobrevivencia, e parasitismo de adultos do parasitoide de ovos Trichogramma galloi Zucchi , assim como sobre a emergencia do parasitoide (F1). Os produtos testados foram: Clomazone, Diuron + Hexazinone (herbicidas); Sulfometuron-methyl e Trinexapac-ethyl (reguladores de crescimento de plantas) nas maiores doses recomendadas a cultura. Ovos de D. saccharalis foram imersos durante 5 segundos em uma das caldas quimicas e, apos secos por 1 hora, oferecidos as femeas de T. galloi, totalizando 20 repeticoes . Avaliou-se a mortalidade e o numero de ovos parasitados pela geracao F0, assim como, a emergencia da geracao F1 de T. galloi , sendo os produtos classificados quanto a toxicidade, conforme percentual de reducao da sobrevivencia, parasitismo e emergencia do parasitoide. Em relacao a sobrevivencia de T. galloi , numero de ovos parasitados pela F0 e a emergencia da F1, Clomazone e Trinexapac-ethyl foram classificados como levemente prejudicais. Diuron + Hexazinone e Sulfometuron-methyl foram inocuos em todos os parâmetros avaliados, com excecao do parasitismo, onde Diuron + Hexazinone foi classificado como levemente prejudicial. Conclui-se que, Clomazone, Diuron + Hexazinone, Trinexapac-ethyl e Sulfometuron-methyl sao inocuos ou levemente prejudiciais a sobrevivencia e parasitismo (F0) de adultos de T. galloi , e a emergencia (F1) desse parasitoide, em laboratorio. Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators Used in SUGARCANE and their Action on Adult Trichogramma galloi Zucchi (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Abstract. During crop sugarcane management, several used pesticides can affect the performance of parasitoids, natural enemies of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharallis (Fabricius) and consequently the biological control ofit . Thus, the objective was to evaluate in laboratory the effect of herbicides and plant growth regulators used in the sugarcane crops on survival and parasitism in adults of the eggs parasitoids, Trichogramma galloi Zucchi. The products tested were the herbicides Clomazone and Diuron + Hexazinone, and the plant regulators Sulfometuron-methyl and Trinexapac-ethyl, all in the higher recommended dosages for sugarcane. The eggs of D. saccharalis were immersed during 5 seconds in chemical solutions and, after dry for 1 hour, offered to T . galloi females with 20 repetitions. We evaluated the mortality and number of eggs parasitized by the F0 generation of T. galloi , as well as the emergence of the F1. The products were classified by their toxicity, according to the percentage of reduction in the survival, parasitism and emergence of the parasitoid. In relation to the survival of adult T. galloi , the number of eggs parasitized by F0 as well as the percentage of F1 emergence, clomazone and trinexapac-ethyl were classified as slightly harmful. Diuron+hexazinone and sulfometuron-methyl were harmless in all parameters, except for parasitism, where diuron+hexazinone was classified as slightly harmful. We conclude that clomazone, diuron+hexazinone, trinexapac-ethyl and sulfometuron-methyl, are harmless or slightly harmful the survival and parasitism (F0) of T. galloi adults and emergence (F1) of this parasitoid in the laboratory.

Apple is, sociocultural and economically, on of the most important species in the world, and stands out for its high storage potential. However, the monitoring of factors that could result in fruit quality modifications during postharvest is essential to ensure the acceptability and for the development of new storage technologies in order to increase fruit shelf life. Approaches focused on molecular biology, such as RT-qPCR have been used to better understand the mechanisms involved in fruit development and maturation. In this study the use of RT-qPCR to monitoring apple quality during ripening and development in different postharvest conditions such as room temperature, cold storage with or without control of atmosphere and the 1-methylcyclopropene usage were proposed. The potential of genes involved in ethylene biosynthesis and response, cell wall modification and degradation, sugar and aroma metabolisms for employment as biomarkers of fruit development and quality were evaluated. Thus MdEXP4 is highlighted as biomarker for development and MdACO1, MdPG1, MdAF1, MdAF3 and MdAAT2 as potential biomarkers for ripening. MdACO1 and MdPG1 appear as suitable markers for quality, conservation technologies and storage time in apples. This work suggests that the study of gene expression by RT-qPCR may be an alternative for a better fruit characterization during the development and postharvest period. Keywords: Cold storage, gene expression, Malus x domestica, molecular analysis Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-26T09:33:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 artigobiomarcadores.pdf: 569317 bytes, checksum: e19788474417a20bf2c26fbba82990dd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-10-25

International audience; Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most polyphagous species of root-knot nematodes occurring in Brazil and worldwide. Eight M. incognita isolates were studied, representing two enzymatic phenotypes (esterase and malate desydrogenase: I1/N1, I2/N1) and four cryptic Meloidogyne sp.1 (S2/N1) isolates, representing one cytological type (3n = 40-46). Three M. hispanica isolates (Hi3/N1, 2n = 32-36) and two of an atypical Meloidogyne sp.2 (S2a/N3, 3n = 40-44) were included in this study for comparison. All isolates were tested with three M. incognita-specific molecular markers. The primer pairs B06F/R, miF/R and incK14F/R amplified three species-specific fragments of 1,200 bp, 955 bp and 399 bp, respectively for M. incognita and Meloidogyne sp.1 isolates. No amplification occurred in the M. hispanica and Meloidogyne sp.2 isolates, except with primers miF/R (1,650 bp). The genetic variability of the Meloidogyne spp. isolates was evaluated, using RAPD and ISSR markers. The phylogenetic analyses revealed two strongly supported monophyletic clades: clade I, consisting of M. hispanica and the atypical Meloidogyne sp.2 isolates, and clade II, clustering together all M. incognita and the Meloidogyne sp.1 isolates. Considering the biometrical, cytological and molecular approaches, it was possible to conclude that the isolates with three enzymatic phenotypes (I1/N1, I2/N1 and S2/N1) presented the characteristics described for M. incognita. Some correlations were detected between the isozymatic phenotypes and the tree topology (S2a/N3, Hi3/N1, I1/N1, S2/N1), but no strict correlation could be observed for the phenotype I2/N1 and one isolate of S2/N1. Morphologically, the Msp.2 isolates differ from M. incognita and M. hispanica by the female stylet features presenting straight cone tip and round pear shaped knobs, posteriorly sloping. The results of this study suggested that the Msp.2 isolates with phenotypes S2aN3 belong to a new or an unidentified species closely related to M. hispanica.

International audience; In this paper we present a segmentation algorithm, inspired from an image-processing region-merging algorithm, for the delineation of discrete contiguous management zones in agriculture. The algorithm is unique in that it is applicable to high- or low-density irregular data sets, such as yield data. The algorithm is described and a brief example. presented using unprocessed sensor-derived grain yield data. A comparison between the segmentation algorithm and a common classification algorithm (k-means clustering) was done using an aerial normalised differences vegetation index (NDVI) image collected on a 200 ha vineyard in Olite, Southern Navarre, Spain. Classification was performed as a univariate (NDVI) analysis and a spatially constrained analysis. Segmentation and classification were run to find 2, 4, 6, ..., 24 levels and the effectiveness of the outputs determined by how well it explained the variance in vine trunk circumference, a correlated but independent measurement. The results obtained demonstrated that for a given number of manageable (effective) zones the segmentation outputs were equivalent or superior to the classification outputs for partitioning vine circumference variance. The segmentation output also generated more coherent management units that should facilitate differential management. The algorithm presented is a first generation segmentation algorithm and several aspects still need to be developed, in particular methods for eliminating edge effects and converting management zones into management (treatment) classes. The results of the segmentation algorithm presented here would indicate that with further development, segmentation might provide an alternative and possibly preferable approach to delineating management zones

Ocimum (Lamiaceae) is an important plant genus, with many species used for food flavorings and for essential oils. Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. basilici, FOB) is the most important disease of basil (O. basilicum L.). Twenty-five accessions of O. basilicum, five of O. americanum and two of O. campechianum were initially evaluated for resistance to one FOB isolate (named as FOB-1). Eight accessions (identified as resistant to FOB-1) and one susceptible control were reevaluated to FOB-1 and four other FOB isolates of distinct geographic origins. The FOB isolates varied in aggressiveness and interacted differentially with the Ocimum accessions. Two accessions of O. americanum, one of O. campechianum, and one of O. basilicum had high levels of resistance to all five FOB isolates. The Ocimum germplasm identified here could represent useful sources of resistance genes for developing cultivars with wide-spectrum resistance (i.e., effective against a broad range of FOB isolates). In addition, having a set of potential differential accessions might be useful for large-scale analysis of FOB isolates to demonstrate the presence of physiological races in the Ocimum–FOB pathosystem.

RESUMO - Avaliou-seaeficiênciadelarvasdeprimeiroínstardeChrysoperlaexternanocontroleMyzus persicaeempimentão,emexperimentos realizados em câmara e sala climatizadas a 25 ± 1ºC, UR de 70 ± 10% e fotofase de 12 horas. Larvas de C. externa recém-eclodidasforamliberadasemdiscosfoliares,contendo5;10ou20ninfasdoafídeo,acondicionadosemplacasdePetri.Emumsegundo experimento, larvas do predador foram liberadas nas proporções 1:5, 1:10 e 1:20, em plantas inoculadas com 60; 100 e 140ninfas do pulgão. O potencial predatório de C. externa nos discos foliares foi influenciado pela densidade inicial do pulgão. A eficiênciado predador nas densidades de 5; 10 e 20 pulgões foi de 100%; 96,7% e 79,3%, respectivamente. A eficiência das larvas em eliminaras populações do pulgãonas plantas de pimentão variou em função do tempo. Na proporção 1:5, a eliminação das ninfas ocorreu entreum e dois dias após a liberação do predador, enquanto nas proporções 1:10 e 1:20 o período de quatro dias não foi suficiente para queos pulgões fossem eliminados. As larvas de C. externa quando liberadas nas três proporções promoveram reduções na população deM. persicae, se comparada à testemunha. No entanto, nas proporções 1:5 e 1:10 o predador se mostrou mais eficiente. ASTRACT - TheefficiencyofChrysoperlaexternafirstinstarlarvaeinthecontrolofMyzuspersicaeinsweetpepperwasevaluatedinexperiments conducted in climatic chamber and room at 25 ± 1ºC, 70 ± 10% RH and 12h photophase. C. externa newly emerged larvae werereleased in sweet pepper foliar discs containing 5; 10 or 20 aphid nymphs, putted in Petri dishes. In a second experiment, predator larvaewere released in 1:5, 1:10 and 1:20 proportions in sweet pepper plants inoculated with 60; 100 and 140 aphids nymphs. The C. externapredatory potential in the foliar discs was affected by aphid initial density. The predator efficiency in 5; 10 and 20 aphid densities was 100%;96,7% and 79,3%, respectively. The larvae efficiency in eliminating aphids populations in sweet pepper plants range as a result of the time.In 1:5 proportion the nymphs elimination occurred between one and two days after the predator release, while in 1:10 and 1:20 proportions four days were not sufficient to the aphids elimination.C.externa larvae released in the three proportions promoted reductions in M.persicae population when compared to the control. The proportions 1:5 and 1:10 the predator was more efficient. Made available in DSpace on 2022-08-09T16:20:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Eficiencia-de-Chrysoperla-externa-no-controle-de-Myzus-persicae-em-pimentao.pdf: 73297 bytes, checksum: 97a2668f56f49537f62036ba30f8d194 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008

The Brazilian apple leafroller, Bonagota cranaodes (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is reared in the laboratory under a long-day (LD 14 : 10 h) and a short-day (LD 7 : 17 h) photoperiod at 22 degrees C, and under two different temperatures (10-13 degrees C and 21-22 degrees C). The development time from larval to adult eclosion do not differ between the two photoperiods, but did between the two temperature regimes. However, the larvae do not enter diapause, even under short day conditions and low temperatures. The number of adults obtained does not differ with temperature and light conditions. Field captures with pheromone traps show that Brazilian apple leafroller occurs in apple orchards throughout the year and the population densities are lower in winter. Accordingly, control measures should be taken during the off-season.

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides , is a major post-harvest disease in papaya fruit. The major objectives of the present work were to isolate, select and test the in vitro and in vivo ability of epiphytic microorganisms, isolated from papaya fruit and leaf surfaces, in controlling anthracnose onset after harvest. A total of 75 bacteria, 67 yeasts and 22 mycelial fungi were isolated. Thirty yeast isolates were able to inhibit the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioide in vitro and seven of those were used in in vivo assays, resulting in the identification of two very effective isolates. Isolate CEN63, identified molecularly as Cryptococcus magnus , was the most effective in controlling the disease and therefore was studied in more detail. The results of the assays with C. magnus provided evidence that when fruit were treated with the antagonists at concentrations of 10 7 to 10 8 cells/ml, as early as 24 h, preferentially 48 h, before inoculation with the pathogen, the development of disease was significantly reduced. C. magnus is a potential antagonist for the development of a commercial product. Additional studies on the modes of action of this yeast isolate, as on its ability to interact with fungicides are being conducted to generate solid basis for the development of an environmentally friendly control agent.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T16:56:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) FAPERGS (Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Linepithema micans (Forel) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is the main ant species responsible for dispersal of Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae), a root scale that damages grapevines in southern Brazil. The effects of different formulations of toxic baits based on boric acid and hydramethylnon to control L. micans and E. brasiliensis were evaluated. Toxic baits with boric acid (1.0%) mixed in different concentrations of inverted sugar (20%, 30%, and 40%), and hydramethylnon, mixed with sardines (paste), cassava flour and peanut, brown sugar (sucrose), or sardine oil-based gel, were evaluated in a greenhouse and in the field. In the greenhouse experiment, the number of foraging ants was significantly reduced in the pots where the hydramethylnon in sardine paste (Solid S), sardine oil-brown sugar-based gel (GEL SAM), and peanut oil-brown-sugar gel (GEL AM) formulations were applied. The GEL SAM toxic bait effectively reduced the infestation of L. micans, and could be used for indirect control of E. brasiliensis on young grapevines. Embrapa Uva & Vinho, Entomol Lab, Bento Goncalves, RS, Brazil Univ Fed Pelotas, Dept Fitossanidade, Pelotas, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Ctr Estudos Insetos Sociais, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:03:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-08-11 Potassium (K) is an important limiting factor of tree growth, but little is known of the effects of K supply on the long-distance transport of photosynthetic carbon (C) in the phloem and of the interaction between K fertilization and drought. We pulse-labelled 2-year-old Eucalyptus grandis L. trees grown in a field trial combining K fertilization (+K and -K) and throughfall exclusion (+W and -W), and we estimated the velocity of C transfer by comparing time lags between the uptake of 13CO2 and its recovery in trunk CO2 efflux recorded at different heights. We also analysed the dynamics of the labelled photosynthates recovered in the foliage and in the phloem sap (inner bark extract). The mean residence time of labelled C in the foliage was short (21-31 h). The time series of 13C in excess in the foliage was affected by the level of fertilization, whereas the effect of throughfall exclusion was not significant. The velocity of C transfer in the trunk (0.20-0.82mh-1) was twice as high in +K trees than in -K trees, with no significant effect of throughfall exclusion except for one +K-W tree labelled in the middle of the drought season that was exposed to a more pronounced water stress (midday leaf water potential of -2.2MPa). Our results suggest that besides reductions in photosynthetic C supply and in C demand by sink organs, the lower velocity under K deficiency is due to a lower cross-sectional area of the sieve tubes, whereas an increase in phloem sap viscosity is more likely limiting phloem transport under drought. In all treatments, 10 times less 13C was recovered in inner bark extracts at the bottom of the trunk when compared with the base of the crown, suggesting that a large part of the labelled assimilates has been exported out of the phloem and replaced by unlabelled C. This supports the 'leakage-retrieval mechanism' that may play a role in maintaining the pressure gradient between source and sink organs required to sustain high velocity of phloem transport in tall trees. UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières Facult des Sciences Universit de Lorraine INRA UMR 1137 Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières Centre de Nancy CIRAD UMR Ecoandsols Ecologie Fonctionnelle and Biogochimie des Sols and Agro-cosystèmes Embrapa Meio Ambiente Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Departamento de Ciências Florestais ESALQ Universidade de São Paulo ESALQ Laboratory of Forest Utilization Department of Forest and Biomaterial Science Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Centro de Energia Nuclear Na Agricultura Universidade de São Paulo Departamento de Ciências Atmosfricas IAG Universidade de São Paulo ESALQ Universidade Estadual de São Paulo

International audience; The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita is widely distributed and a major pathogen of cotton (Gossypium spp.) worldwide. The objectives of this study were to assess the genetic variability and aggressiveness of Brazilian populations of M. incognita in cotton. Five populations of M. incognita and one isolate of M. enterolobii (outgroup) were used in the molecular analysis. Our results showed that only 2.7 % of the RAPD and AFLP fragments were polymorphic. Despite the existence of two races (races 3 and 4) and two esterase phenotypes (I1 and I2), a low genetic variability among populations was observed, which might be due to the mitotic parthenogenetic mode of reproduction of this pathogen. The aggressiveness/virulence among populations towards different cotton genotypes was also studied. None of the populations was virulent to the resistant cotton genotypes M-315 RNR, TX-25, CIR1343, Wild Mexican Jack Jones and CIR1348 (reproduction factor < 1). Two populations of M. incognita from the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and Parana (Umuarama) (races 4 and 3, respectively) were highly aggressive to the susceptible control FM966 and virulent to the accessions LA-887 and Clevewilt-6 that showed moderate resistance to other populations tested.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:46:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-10-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária The main goal of this research was to evaluate the postharvest quality during storage of papaya wrapped with polyvinyl chloride containing silver. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and atomic absorption spectroscopy were employed for the film characterization. For the postharvest experiments, unwrapped fruits were compared to individually wrapped ones in both conventional polyvinyl chloride film and polyvinyl chloride film containing silver and stored under two conditions (10 days at 15°C, and 2 days at 22°C to simulate market conditions). The physicochemical analyzes, including soluble solids, titratable acidity, ratio, pH, ascorbic acid, weight loss, firmness and color were performed every two days of storage, while microbiological analyzes were performed on the 1st and 10th day of storage. Sensory analysis was carried on the last day of storage. Physicochemical analyses showed that fruits wrapped with polyvinyl chloride films presented a lower weight loss compared to than unwrapped fruits. These results were in accordance with sensory analysis. More importantly, papaya wrapped with polyvinyl chloride film containing silver kept papaya peel green for longer time causing a delay in ripening, indicating its potential to extend postharvest shelf-life of papaya and reduce postharvest losses. Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Departamento de Agronomia Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas PPGBiotec Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar) Departamento de Produção Vegetal Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” Universidade de São Paulo Embrapa Instrumentação Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária: 13.16.04.041.00.00

International audience; The APETALA2 (AP2)/ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR (ERF) superfamily of transcriptional regulators is involved in several growth, development and stress responses processes in higher plants. Currently, the available information on the biological roles of AP2/ERF genes is derived from Arabidopsis thaliana. In the present work, we have investigated genomic and transcriptional aspects of AP2/ERF genes in the economically important perennial species, Malus ×domestica. We have identified 259 sequences containing at least one ERF domain in apple genome. The vast majority of the putative proteins display predicted nuclear localization, compatible with a biological role in transcription regulation. The AP2 and ERF families are greatly expanded in apple. Whole-genome analyses in other plant species have identified a single genomic sequence with divergent ERF, whereas in apple seven soloists are present. In the apple genome, the most noteworthy expansion occurred in sub-groups V, VIII and IX of the ERF family. Expression profiling analyses have revealed the association of ripening-involved ERF genes to scab (Venturia inequalis) pathogenesis in the susceptible Gala cultivar, indicating that gene expansion processes were accompanied by functional divergence. The presented analyses of AP2/ERF genes in apple provide evidences of shared ethylene-mediated signaling pathways in ripening and disease responses.

International audience; Seven root-knot nematodes (RKN), including Meloidogyne exigua, M. incognita, M. paranaensis, M. enterolobii, M. arabicida, M. izalcoensis and M. arenaria are major pathogens of coffee crop in the Americas. Species-specific primers for their identification have been developed for five of them and constitute a fast and reliable method of identification. Here we report a PCR-based assay for specific detection of M. arabicida and M. izalcoensis. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA fragments specific for these two species were converted into sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. PCR amplification using the SCAR primers produced a specific fragment of 300 bp and 670 bp for M. arabicida and M. izalcoensis, respectively, which were absent in other coffee-associated Meloidogyne spp. tested. SCAR primers also allowed successful amplification of DNA from single second-stage juveniles (J2), males and females. In addition, these primers were able to unambiguously detect the target species in nematode suspensions extracted from soil and roots samples, in different isolates of the same species or when used in multiplex PCR reactions containing mixtures of species. These results demonstrated the effectiveness of these SCAR markers and their multiplex use with those previously developed for M. exigua, M. incognita, M. paranaensis, M. enterolobii and M. arenaria constitute an essential detection tool. This diagnostic kit will contribute for specific J2 identification of the major RKN infecting coffee from field samples in the Americas.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:44:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-04-01 Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária This present study aimed to report the scale insects associated on Mangifera indica L. in the Submedium São Francisco Valley, Brazil. Four species were collected: Pseudischnaspis bowreyi (Cockerell), Aulacaspis tubercularis Newstead (Diaspididae) and Ceroplastes floridensis Comstock (Coccidae) on fruits and leaves and Ceroplastes stellifer (Westwood) on leaves. Pseudischnaspis bowreyi is associated for the first time with mango trees in Brazil. Ceroplastes floridensis and P. bowreyi are reported for the first time in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco and C. stellifer in the state of Bahia. All scale insects obtained in this study caused injuries that led to control methods adopted by the growers to reduce their populations, but only A. tubercularis was already reported in the region. Brazilian Agriculture Research Corporation (Embrapa Semi-arid) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Secretaria Estadual de Agricultura Pecuária e Desenvolvimento Rural (SEAPDR)/ Depart. de Diagnóstico e Pesquisa Agropecuária (DDPA) Agropecuária Roriz Dantas (Agrodan) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária: 30.20.00.021.00.00

Made available in DSpace on 2021-07-14T10:41:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-14T11:36:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-29452011000400001.pdf: 500962 bytes, checksum: b497273c59ecb2ea47293f3cf265c2d7 (MD5) O paclobutrazol é utilizado para o manejo da produção de manga na maioria dos pomares, com aplicação no solo, o que contribui para a maior persistência no ambiente. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de reguladores de crescimento vegetal aplicado via foliar, prohexadione-Ca, etil-trinexapac e cloreto de chlormequat, e via solo, paclobutrazol, no controle da brotação vegetativa e na floração de mangueiras 'Kent'. O experimento foi conduzido na região do Vale do São Francisco, em Petrolina-PE, no período de dezembro de 2007 a julho de 2008, em mangueiras cultivadas no espaçamento de 8 m nas entrelinhas e 5 m entre plantas. Foram avaliados os efeitos dos tratamentos com reguladores vegetais aplicados via foliar e via solo, com relação ao vigor (número, comprimento e número de folhas dos novos fluxos vegetativos) e à floração (percentagem e comprimento das panículas). Verificou-se que o tratamento com paclobutrazol, combinado com o prohexadione-Ca, foi mais eficiente no controle do crescimento vegetativo dos ramos da mangueira 'Kent', mas não com relação à floração, em que não foram observadas diferenças siginificativas entre os tratamentos. Paclobutrazol applied to the soil is used for the production management of mangoes in most of the orchards, but it presents as disadvantage the greater persistence in plant and soil. Three growth regulators (prohexadione-Ca, trinexapac-ethyl and chlormequat chloride) were foliar applied, at two dosages and compared to paclobutrazol applied as soil-drench. The experiment was conducted in the region of the São Francisco Valley, Petrolina, PE, from December 2007 to July 2008, in a mango orchard that has a spacing of 8 m between lines and 5 m between plants. In order to compare the effects of the treatment, data were evaluated regarding to vegetative growth (number, length and leaf number of vegetative branches) and flowering (percentage and panicles length). The combination of PBZ, soil applied with ProCa, foliar applied was the most efficient in controlling vegetative growth of branches of the mango 'Kent', but not regarding to flowering, where there were no differences between treatments. Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Botânica Embrapa, Semiárido Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Botânica

Submitted by repositorio ufvjm (repositorio@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-06T15:07:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0102-05362011000100010.pdf: 762952 bytes, checksum: dee12460c1c81ed0b55d006d4e9a25a4 (MD5) license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2017-01-06T16:57:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) S0102-05362011000100010.pdf: 762952 bytes, checksum: dee12460c1c81ed0b55d006d4e9a25a4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-06T16:57:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 2109 bytes, checksum: aa477231e840f304454a16eb85a9235f (MD5) S0102-05362011000100010.pdf: 762952 bytes, checksum: dee12460c1c81ed0b55d006d4e9a25a4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecu?ria de Minas Gerais (EPAMIG) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Pr?ticas agr?colas t?m sido desenvolvidas para reduzir a aplica??o de insumos qu?micos e minimizar as agress?es ao meio ambiente, produzindo alimentos mais saud?veis e ecologicamente corretos. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho da sucess?o entre couve (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) e milho (Zea may L.), em cons?rcio com leguminosas para fins de aduba??o verde, sob plantio direto em manejo org?nico. O estudo foi conduzido em Serop?dica, Regi?o metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro, em dois anos. Utilizaram-se, como adubos verdes, mucuna-an? (Mucuna deeringiana) e crotal?ria spectabilis (Crotalaria spectabilis) em cons?rcio com couve e em sucess?o crotal?ria juncea (Crotalaria juncea) e mucuna-cinza (Mucuna pruriens) em cons?rcio com milho. Como controles utilizaram-se os monocultivos de couve e milho. O delineamento foi em blocos ao acaso, constituindo fatorial 3 (sistema de cultivo) x 2 (doses de cama-de-frango), com quatro repeti??es, em parcelas de 20 m?. Na couve, aplicou-se em cobertura cama-de-frango nas doses 0 e 5,4 t ha-1 (2,7 t ha-1 em duas aplica??es) em 2003 e 0 e 2,7 t ha-1 em 2004. Em monocultivo, a produtividade da couve foi de 37,7 e 18,4 t ha-1; consorciada com mucuna-an?, foi de 40,3 e 38,8 t ha-1 e com crotal?ria spectabilis, de 42,9 e 24,8 t ha-1, em 2003 e 2004, respectivamente. O milho beneficiou-se do efeito residual da aduba??o com cama-de-frango, aumentando o n?mero de espigas produzidas de 25.625 para 27.916 ha-1. O cultivo de couve em sucess?o ao milho, consorciada com leguminosas anuais, sob aduba??o org?nica com cama-de-frango, resultou em aumento de produtividade das culturas de couve e milho. New farming practices have been developed to reduce the application of fertilizer and pesticides and minimize the aggression to the environment, producing healthy foods and environmentally correct. We evaluated the performance of the succession of collard greens (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala) and corn (Zea mays L.) intercropped with green manure legumes under no-tillage organic system. The study was conducted in Serop?dica, Rio de Janeiro State, during two years. We utilized dwarf velvet bean (Mucuna deeringiana) and showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis) as green manure intercropped with collard greens and in succession sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea) and velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) intercropped with corn. As a control, there was a single crop system of corn and collard greens. The experimental design was of randomized complete blocks, a factorial 3 (crop system) x 2 (doses of poultry bed manure), with four replications, in plots of 20 m?. For the collard greens we applied 0 and 5.4 t ha-1 of poultry bed manure (2.7 t ha-1 in two applications) in 2003; 0 (zero) and 2.7 t ha-1 in 2004. In the monocrop system, the yield of collard greens was of 37.7 and 18.4 t ha-1, intercropped with dwarf velvet bean the yield reached 40.3 and 38.8 t ha-1 and, using showy crotalaria the yield was of 42.9 and 24.8 t ha-1, in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The corn was benefited from the residual effect of fertilizer with poultry bed manure increasing the production of ears from 25,625 to 27,916 ha-1. Crop succession of collard greens and corn, intercropped with annual legumes under organic fertilization as poultry bed manure, showed yield increase for collard greens and corn.