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In Brazil, the peanut culture has been expanding mainly in the state of Sao Paulo, responsible for 80% of the national production. It is an edible culture produces oil of excellent quality, contains proteins rich in amino acids that make up to 36% of weight of the grain. Furthermore, it is associated with nitrogen-fixing bacteria. However, the practice of inoculation is not very common in peanuts, being this species considered susceptible to nodularity with a large number of rhizobia. However, known’s that inoculation with selected strains can increase the efficiency of symbiosis and peanut yield. Thus, the present study was proposed to evaluate the development of peanut inoculated with rhizobia and grown in Cerrado’s Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, five treatments, one cultivar (IAC 505) and four replicates. The treatments were composed of three strains of rhizobia and two controls, one absolute and the other with nitrogen fertilizer (50 mg⋅N⋅dm3). Each experimental plot has been consisted an 8 dm3 pot with three plants. The inoculation was done, applying 3 mL of bacterial broth (108 mL−1 cells) in the root system of each plant. The SPAD index, number and dry weight of nodules, dry mass of shoots and roots, number and weight of grains were analyzed. The response of Peanuts inoculated was significantly, as all inoculated plants showed similar development to nitrogen-fertilized, emphasizing the potential for supplying nitrogen in peanut development.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of inoculation with rhizobium and co-inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense on phytometric characteristics of peanut plants grown in Latossolo Vermelho (Oxisol) with and without compaction. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, with a randomized block design in a 5x2 factorial scheme and 4 replicates, totaling 40 experimental units. Treatments were composed by commercial inoculant for peanuts (SEMIA 6144 strain); MT 15 strain; combination of MT 15 + A. brasilense; nitrogen control and absolute control. Plant height, number of leaves, number of branches per plant, stem diameter and Falker chlorophyll index were evaluated. The data were subjected to analysis of variance and, when significant, to Tukey test at 1% probability level. For the variables plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and stem diameter, the results were similar for all treatments, except for the absolute control and number of branches at 90 days after emergence (DAE) and stem diameter at 30 and 90 DAE. For stem diameter at 30 DAE, the results were similar to those found in the treatments with co-inoculation, commercial inoculant and nitrogen fertilization. There was interaction for Falker chlorophyll index at 60 DAE, with the best result found in the MT 15 strain. Inoculation with MT15 and co-inoculation with A. brasilense promoted good performance in peanut crop in terms of phytometric characteristics in soil with and without compaction. O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar o efeito da inoculação com rizóbio e da coinoculação com Azospirillum brasilense nas características fitométricas de plantas de amendoim cultivado em Latossolo Vermelho com e sem compactação. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, com delineamento de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5x2, e 4 repetições, totalizando 40 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos foram compostos por inoculante comercial para amendoim (estirpe SEMIA 6144); estirpe MT 15; a combinação MT 15 + A. brasilense; testemunhas nitrogenada e absoluta. Foram avaliados altura de plantas, número de folhas, número de ramos por planta, diâmetro de caule e índice de clorofila Falker. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e quando significativos, ao Teste de Tukey a 1% de probabilidade. Em relação às variáveis altura de plantas, número de folhas e de ramos e diâmetro de caule os resultados encontrados foram semelhantes para todos os tratamentos, com exceção da testemunha absoluta e do número de ramos aos 90 dias após a emergência (DAE) e do diâmetro de caule aos 30 e 90 DAE. Para o diâmetro de caule aos 30 DAE houve resultados similares ao tratamento coinoculado, ao inoculante comercial e à adubação nitrogenada. Houve interação para o índice de clorofila Falker aos 60 DAE em que a estirpe MT 15 obteve o melhor resultado. A inoculação com a estirpe MT15 e a coinoculação com A. brasilense proporcionaram à cultura do amendoim bom desempenho em relação às características fitométricas em solo com e sem compactação. &nbsp

Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) plays an important role in the cowpea cultivation. This study aimed to assess the foliar levels of chlorophyll and the yield components of cowpea subjected to combined inoculation of rhizobia in Cerrado soil. The experiment was carried out in field conditions, from December of 2014 to the march of 2015, in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso, using randomized block design with ten treatments and three replicates. Were tested the single strains MT8 and MT15 (both of R. tropici), MT16 (R. leguminosarum), BR3267 (Bradyrhizobium japonicum), the strains combinations MT8+MT15, MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15+MT16, nitrogen fertilization (70 kg ha-1 of N-urea), and absolute control (without inoculation of rhizobia and without nitrogen fertilization). Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages were compared by orthogonal contrast and F test (p≤0.05). Were assessed the Falker chlorophyll index (at the 40 and 60 days after sowing), number and dry matter of nodules (at the 40 days after sowing), number of pods per plant, grains yield, the concentration and accumulation of nitrogen in grains, and crude protein. The number of pods per plant was increased 33.6% in the combination MT8+MT15. The same effect was observed for the yield grain, which presented an increase of 8.7%, 13.8%, and 16.7% in the combinations MT8+MT16, MT15+MT16, and MT8+MT15, respectively. The nitrogen accumulation in the grains increased 42.7% with the inoculation of MT15 strain. The cowpea responds positively to the usage of combinations of rhizobia strains.

Cowpea culture is spreading in the Brazilian Cerrado Region and specifically in Mato Grosso State. To evaluate the productive characteristics of cowpea inoculated with rhizobia lineages and grown in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso State, we conducted an experiment in a randomized block design with seven treatments, which consisted of five rhizobia lineages. Four lineages were previously isolated from cowpea (MT08, MT15, MT16 and MT23); one was a recommended lineage for cowpea in Brazil (BR3267). Two controls were included: one was equivalent to 75 kg N ha-1 nitrogen and another was without nitrogen fertilization and without inoculation of rhizobia lineage. They were arranged in six blocks totaling 42 parts of 12.5 m² each. At 40 days after sowing (d.a.s.), six plants of ​​each part of floor area were collected to determine the variables plant height, dry mass of shoots and roots, total dry mass, number of nodules, dry mass of nodules, SPAD reading and relative efficiency of each lineage. Data were subjected to analysis of variance using the statistical analysis program SISVAR. To compare the means, it was evaluated with Tukey test at 5% probability and contrast analysis. Regarding the lineage used, the most satisfactory result for plant height was BR3267 lineage; however, there were statistical differences between treatments with nitrogen fertilization. There were significant differences between dry weight of shoots, total dry weight and dry weight of nodules. The BR3267 lineage presented better results in the dry mass of roots and for relative efficiency. The most satisfactory results for SPAD readings and number of nodules were observed in MT15 lineage. The BR3267 and MT15 lineages tested and analyzed had high symbiotic effectiveness for inoculation in cowpea. Key words: Vigna unguiculata, rhizobium, nitrogen fixation.

Seed storage is one of the oldest techniques that, besides protecting against attacks of microorganisms and insects, has as main goal to preserve the product, with minimum losses, ensuring vigor and viability of the seeds. Safflower (Carthamus tinctorium L.) is a crop with great agricultural potential due to the high content of oil in its seed and can be a viable alternative in the production of biofuel. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of packaging and storage temperatures on the physical and physiological quality of safflower seeds. The experiment was conducted in the soil and plant production and bromatology laboratories of the Institute of Agrarian and Technological Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso Campus of Rondonópolis, in the period of July to September 2014. The experiment was a completely randomized design in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to five temperatures (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C) and two packages (cotton and paper) with five replicates. The physical quality parameters (water content in the seed, mass of one thousand seeds, hectolitre weight) and physiological parameters (percent germination, Seed viability (Tetrazolium), accelerated aging and electric conductivity) of the seeds were evaluated. The physical quality of the safflower seed was not influenced by, the types of packaging and storage temperature. The physiological parameters of safflower seeds were significantly altered by the the type of containers and storage temperatures conditions. The paper packaging, at temperatures of 20 and 25 °C, provided greater conservation of the seed.

RESUMO O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar as características produtivas e nutricionais do capim- xaraés inoculado com bactérias diazotróficas associativas, em primeiro cultivo em Latossolo Vermelho do Cerrado. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, constituído por fatorial 6x3: três estirpes de bactérias diazotróficas associativas (MTAz8, MTH2 e Y2), uma combinação das estirpes MTAz8 e MTH2, adubação nitrogenada e testemunha absoluta, e três cortes (30, 60 e 90 dias), em cinco repetições. A inoculação foi feita por meio da inserção de uma alíquota de 5mL de caldo bacteriano contendo 108 células mL-1 no solo próximo ao sistema radicular. As variáveis avaliadas foram: massa seca da parte aérea, porcentagem de proteína bruta, acúmulo e concentração de nitrogênio na parte aérea e determinação do número de bactérias diazotróficas do solo. No tratamento adubado com nitrogênio, a produção de massa seca aumentou ao longo dos cortes. Entre as estirpes de bactérias associativas, a Y2 apresentou maior acúmulo de nitrogênio e maior população de bactérias no meio de cultura LGI. As características nutricionais do capim-xaraés decaíram à medida que foram realizados os cortes. ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate yield and nutritional characteristics of Xaraés grass inoculated with diazotrophic associative bacteria in the first cultivation in the Cerrado Oxisol. The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse. The experimental design was completely randomized factorial 6x3 consisting of: three strains of diazotrophic associative bacteria (MTAz8, MTH2 and Y2), a combination of strains MTAz8 and MTH2, nitrogen fertilization and absolute control, and three cuts (30, 60 and 90 days) in five replicates. The inoculation was performed by inserting an aliquot of 5ml of the bacterial broth containing 108 cells ml-1 in the soil near the root zone of each plant. The variables evaluated were: dry weight of shoot, crude protein, accumulation and nitrogen concentration in the shoot and determining the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil. The fertilized soil dry matter production increased over the cuts. Among the strains Y2 showed higher accumulation of nitrogen and largest population of bacteria in the middle of the LGI culture. The nutritional characteristics of Xaraés grass declined as the cuts were made.

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a reação quanto à resistência parcial causada pelo fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi Sydow., em 68 genótipos de soja (Glycine max L. Merril). O experimento foi realizado em Uberlândia-MG, em casa de vegetação, durante o período de dezembro de 2004 a fevereiro de 2005 e constou de três épocas de avaliação. Foram avaliadas as seguintes características de resistência: Período Latente Médio (PLM), número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem. Com base nas variáveis, número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem calculou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Após, realizou-se a análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Scott Knott, ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos para número médio de pústulas por folíolo e severidade da ferrugem, aos doze dias após a inoculação. O mesmo foi encontrado para área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) para severidade. Com base no período latente médio discriminaram-se dois grupos de genótipos: parcialmente resistentes e suscetíveis. Presume-se que a Resistência Parcial (RP) à ferrugem asiática da soja deve ser avaliada em condições de média epidemia, que aconteceu na segunda época de avaliação para todos os caracteres avaliados. O agrupamento de genótipos, pela análise multivariada de componentes principais, permitiu a discriminação de genótipos parcialmente resistentes. Três genótipos (números 4, 41, e 42), referentes aos parentais Cristalina e IAC 100, apresentaram maior resistência parcial á ferrugem da soja. This study evaluated the reaction of 68 soybean genotypes for partial resistance to soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi. The experiment was done in Uberlândia, MG, under greenhouse conditions from December 2004 to February 2005, consisting of three evaluation times. The following resistance characteristics were evaluated: average latent period (PLM), average number of pustules per leaflet and rust severity. The area under the disease progress curve (AACPD) was calculated based on the variables average number of leaflet pustules and severity. Analysis of variance and comparison of the averages by the Scott Knott test were done at 5% probability. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the average number of leaflet pustules and rust severity twelve days after inoculation. Differences were also found for area under the disease progress curve. It is assumed that partial resistance (RP) to soybean Asian rust should be evaluated under average epidemics conditions. This evaluation was done on the second time with all characters evaluated. Genotype grouping by principal components analysis allowed the discrimination of genotypes with partial resistance to the disease. Three genotypes (number 4, 41, and 42), referring to parents 'Cristalina' and 'IAC 100' showed high levels of partial resistance to soybean rust.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resistência parcial de genótipos de soja ao fungo Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Calcularam-se o número médio de pústulas, a severidade e a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre os genótipos quanto ao número médio de pústulas e severidade, aos 12 dias após a inoculação. A análise de agrupamento permitiu a discriminação de genótipos parcialmente resistentes. Os genótipos G4, G41 e G42, referentes aos parentais Cristalina e IAC 100, foram detectados como os de maior resistência parcial à ferrugem da soja. The objective of this work was to evaluate the partial resistance of soybean genotypes against Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Resistance characteristics were: average number of pustules, rust severity and the area under the disease progress curve. Significant differences were found among the genotypes for the average number of pustules and rust severity. Multivariate analysis allowed the discrimination of partially resistant genotypes. Three genotypes (G4, G41, and G42), referring to parents Cristalina and IAC 100, presented greater partial resistance to soybean rust.

The cultivation of cowpea ( Vigna unguiculata ) has grown in Brazil, especially in the Cerrado of Mato Grosso, where it is produced in off-season. The association of cowpea plants with rhizobia has provided much of the nitrogen required by this culture. This study aimed at evaluating the development of cowpea inoculated with rhizobia recommended for pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan ). The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, University Campus Rondonopolis-MT under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was completely randomized with three treatments and four replications. The treatments were composed by commercial inoculant recommended for pigeonpea (composed by the combination of strains BR2003 and BR2801), nitrogen (without inoculation and application of 50 mg N dm -3 ) and a control (without inoculation and nitrogen fertilization). Plants height, SPAD index, number of pods, number of grain, number of nodules, length of pods, dry weight of nodules, dry grain, dry weight of shoot and relative efficiency of the strains were analyzed. Cowpea show significant response for inoculation in all variables, with increase in production equal or superior to the treatment with nitrogen fertilizer. These results indicate the inoculant recommended for pigeonpea has potential use for cowpea under the tested conditions.

A busca de alta produtividade na cultura da soja, sem onerar os custos de produção, é o objetivo do melhoramento genético. A cultivar UFUS Impacta é um genótipo de soja proveniente do cruzamento entre Cristalina RCH e IAC 100, de ciclo semi-tardio, com produtividade média superior às testemunhas Garantia e Emgopa 313 RCH. É resistente às principais moléstias da soja e indicada para cultivo no Estado de Minas Gerais.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the nitrogen fertilization on the yield characteristics of Gladiolus, species Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., variety White friendship. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the period from July to September 2011 in the Institute of Agrarian Science and Technology of Federal University of Rondonópolis, MT. The experimental plots were consisted of vessels of 13 dm-3 containing two bulbs in completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of six nitrogen rates of 0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125 mg dm-3 and four repetition using urea as source. It was evaluated the plant height, stem diameter, flower stem length and number of flowers of gladiolus. After carrying out the statistical analysis it was concluded that the nitrogen did not affect the productive evaluated characters of gladiolus. KEY-WORDS: Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., nitrogen, plant nutrition., RESUMO: Objetivou-se pelo presente estudo avaliar a adubação nitrogenada nas características produtivas do gladíolo, espécie Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., variedade White friendship. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação no período de julho a setembro de 2011, no Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, da Universidade Federal de Rondonópolis-MT. As parcelas experimentais foram constituídas por vaso de 13 dm-3 contendo dois bulbos, em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram de seis doses de nitrogênio de 0; 25; 50; 75; 100 e 125 mg dm-³, com quatro repetições, utilizando-se como fonte a uréia. Avaliou-se a altura de plantas, diâmetro de caule, tamanho da haste floral e número de flores do gladíolo. Após realização das análises estatísticas concluiu-se que as doses de nitrogênio não influenciaram os caracteres produtivos avaliados do gladíolo. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gladiolus x grandiflorus L., nitrogênio, nutrição de plantas.