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An auditor's ability to manage conflict in the monitoring process plays a key role in determining the quality of an audit. Auditors who are not willing to communicate disagreement with monitored parties risk compromising professional standards of integrity, resulting in monitoring failures. Organizations and society increasingly recognize the need to improve monitoring quality, however little research has focused on identifying individuals who can be relied upon to disclose others' financial infractions. In the present contribution, we examine whether two personality traits under the HEXACO framework--honesty-humility and agreeableness-- predict decisions to flag misreporting by monitored parties. Although both honesty-humility and agreeableness are socially desirable characteristics associated with cooperative behavior, we suggest these traits will differentially predict decisions to disclose others' misreporting. Across a simulated audit experiment (N = 260) and field survey (N = 201) of certified public accountants (CPAs), we find that auditors with higher levels of honesty-humility are most likely to value professional integrity in the monitoring process and to report others' financial infractions. The same cannot be said for auditors with higher levels of agreeableness. Our results provide the first empirical investigation of the HEXACO framework in the audit setting and imply that screening for honesty-humility is likely to have a positive impact on monitoring quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HEXACO model divides the space of personality into six main dimensions: Honesty–Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness (vs. anger), Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience. Despite the lexical foundation, no validated adjective-based instruments are available yet. This contribution describes the newly developed HEXACO Adjective Scales (HAS), a 60 adjectives instrument to measure the six main personality dimensions. Study 1 (N =368) proceeds to the first pruning of a large set of adjectives to identify potential markers. Study 2 (N =811) delineates the final list of 60 adjectives and provides benchmarks for the new scales' internal consistency, convergent/discriminant, and criterion validity. Study 3 (N =411) confirms the HAS factorial structure, internal consistency, and criterion validity. The study also provides evidence of temporal stability (test–retest reliability) and convergence between raters (peer/self-evaluation). The HAS shows excellent psychometric properties and constitutes a valuable tool for assessing the HEXACO personality dimensions using adjectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the relative contributions of the Dark Triad, honesty-humility, and other HEXACO traits to externalizing problems in young people. One-hundred-and-six adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years completed an online survey containing the Dirty Dozen for Youth as an index of the Dark Triad traits of psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism, the HEXACO-Middle School Inventory to assess honesty-humility as well as five other basic personality factors, and the Youth Self-Report to measure symptoms of oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD). Results first of all showed that the Dark Triad traits were positively correlated with symptoms of ODD and CD, while the HEXACO factor of honesty-humility was negatively correlated with such symptoms. Further, both types of externalizing problems were associated with a unique set of personality correlates. More precisely, ODD symptoms were predicted by higher psychopathy and lower agreeableness and extraversion, while CD symptoms were predicted by higher psychopathy (and to some extent Machiavellianism) and lower honesty-humility, extraversion, and emotionality. It is concluded that the study of the role of temperament and personality in externalizing problems should take a broad perspective that includes malevolent and benevolent traits from various theoretical models. Highlights: The Dark Triad traits of psychopathy, Machiavellianism, and narcissism were positively correlated with externalizing problems. Honesty-humility was negatively correlated with externalizing problems. Symptoms of oppositional-defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) were each associated with a unique set of personality correlates. The role of temperament and personality in externalizing problems involves malevolent as well as benevolent traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various researchers have investigated the personality correlates of defensive and assertive self‐presentation. Yet, only a few studies go beyond the direct relationships and examine the underlying mechanism. The current study examines whether the social comparison orientation (SCO) mediates the relationship between personality and self‐presentation. We also tested whether our proposed model is invariant across genders. We collected data from 496 individuals using the HEXACO personality inventory, the self‐presentation tactic scale, and Iowa–Netherlands SCO scale to test these hypotheses. The path analysis indicated that the partial mediation model provides the best fit to the data (root‐mean‐square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.08, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.97, standardized root mean squared residual [SRMR] = 0.026). While honesty‐humility (β = −0.43) had the strongest total effect on assertive self‐presentation, emotionality (β = 0.34) had the strongest total effect on defensive self‐presentation among other HEXACO dimensions. Additionally, we conducted a multigroup path analysis to test the structural invariance, and the findings indicate that the relationships are invariant across women and men (Δχ2[14] = 11.83, p = 0.61). These findings suggest that the association between personality and self‐presentation might not be straightforward. The findings are discussed in relation to facet and factor level associations among the variables, self‐presentation strategies, and gender roles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-report research indicates that dishonesty decreases across adulthood; however, behavioral measures of dishonesty have yet to be examined across younger and older adults. The present study examined younger and older adults' cheating behaviors in relation to their self-reported honesty–humility. Younger (N = 112) and older adults (N = 85) completed a matrix task where they had the opportunity to falsely inflate their performance. Participants also completed the self-report measure of honesty–humility from the HEXACO-PI-R. Older adults were significantly less likely to cheat and had higher ratings of honesty–humility compared to younger adults. Greater honesty–humility predicted lower cheating behavior. These results demonstrate that older adults show greater rates of honesty and humility compared to younger adults using both behavioral and self-report methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law enforcement officers in undercover roles, working with informants and in police interviews, use deception to uncover critical evidence in criminal investigations. Therefore, lie production is a critical skill for these law enforcement officers. However, current selection processes for police assigned to these areas do not include tests to identify effective storytellers (liars), as standardised and reliable tests for this do not exist, despite the fact that the ability to lie is exceedingly important for both operational effectiveness and officer safety. This pilot study investigates the lie production abilities of 84 undergraduate students from an Australian university. Student scores in a game of deception were compared with their scores on the 100-item version of the HEXACO-PI-R (Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness and Openness to Experience), a measure of personality traits, to explore relationships between deception abilities and personality traits. Results indicate that fairness, sincerity, honesty-humility, sentimentality, social boldness and creativity were associated with lie production ability, while sociability and diligence were predictive of successful truth telling. Further research is required to validate these results in the law enforcement population. Notably, the findings did not support the existence of a relationship between lie production and lie detection ability, suggesting these are two separate skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The question of whether and, if so, how creativity and unethical behavior such as dishonesty are related to each other has been addressed in multiple studies, with mixed results overall. The aim of this Registered Report is to shed further light on this issue. We first present a meta-analysis on the relation between creativity and dishonesty comprising the samples from a pre-registered multi-lab study (on a different topic), which indicated no relation between the constructs in question (k = 19, N = 2,154, rp =.02). Next, we examined the relation between creativity and dishonesty in a study (N = 1,152), in which we addressed several limitations of previous research. Specifically, we examined relations between comprehensively assessed creativity and dishonesty using subjective and objective indicators for both constructs. We found mixed results concerning the relation between creativity and dishonesty. In the majority of the confirmatory statistical tests, subjective creativity was positively related, whereas objective creativity was negatively related to dishonesty in the mind game. However, in exploratory analyses, we found that neither subjective nor objective creativity was related to dishonesty in the second dishonesty measure, the sender–receiver game. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The honesty‐humility factor from the HEXACO model of personality has been found to offer incremental validity in predicting several work‐related criteria over the remaining factors, yet its interplay with other personality factors is rarely examined. In this study, we examined how honesty‐humility (the tendency to be sincere, fair, non‐materialistic, and modest) can moderate the relation between agreeableness and interpersonal competency. Specifically, drawing on the theory of self‐concept, we proposed that agreeableness will have a stronger association with interpersonal competency among individuals who are higher on honesty‐humility, and relatively less so among individuals who are lower on honesty‐humility. Across three samples of people in managerial roles from two different cultures (Australia and Kenya), we found that honesty‐humility, indeed, moderated the agreeableness—interpersonal competency relation, both when the criterion was measured by self‐report (Sample 1, N = 167; Sample 2, N = 320; Sample 3, N = 296) and other‐report (Sample 3, N = 195). In all three samples, the positive relation of agreeableness with interpersonal competency was strongest among those who were also higher on honesty‐humility. Such an interaction effect was robust after controlling for the remaining HEXACO personality factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The HEXACO personality factors of Agreeableness‐versus‐Anger (A) and Honesty‐Humility (H) are interpreted as two complementary aspects of reciprocal altruistic tendency. Here we consider several ways of representing the positive associations between the defining traits of A and of H, through common factor analysis of self‐report HEXACO Personality Inventory—Revised (HEXACO‐PI‐R) facet scale scores (N ≈ 111,000). We describe orthogonal solutions that differ in the extent to which H facets show secondary loadings on A (and vice versa), as well as an oblique solution compatible with a higher‐order "cooperativeness" factor. We discuss the psychological plausibility of these solutions, and we review research showing differential associations of several phenomena or outcomes with A and H. We conclude that the optimal representation of A/H trait associations is not yet known but that the value of separate A and H factor scales is well established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: There is a considerable body of evidence from the last 20 years, indicating the need for the reconceptualization of the highest level of the personality structure that the Big Five/Five‐Factor Model (FFM) was assumed to occupy. The main goal of the presented study was to test the relationships between two models that have been developed in this respect: The Circumplex of Personality Metatraits (CPM), based on the higher‐order factors of the Big Five, and the HEXACO model including a sixth basic personality dimension (Honesty‐Humility). Method: The sample consisted of 500 respondents (56.8% females; Mage = 31.9, SDage = 14.0), all of whom completed the CPM, HEXACO, and FFM measures. Results: The results corroborated the expectation that the HEXACO model can be coherently located within the CPM model, despite the latter is rooted in the FFM research tradition. However, this substantial integration has been made possible by a relatively slight but crucial modification of the CPM, already suggested by previous research. Conclusion: After the modification, which concerned the location of the Neuroticism/Emotional stability trait, the CPM enables a comprehensive integration of major models of personality structure encompassing the Two‐Factor Model, the FFM, and the HEXACO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to verify the psychometric properties of the 100-item HEXACO-PI-R questionnaire. The sample consisted of 1624 adults aged from 16 to 79 years (M=34.5, SD=13.35) who filled the paper-pen self-report form of the HEXACO-PI-R. The average internal consistency of the six factors was a=.78 (from .72 for Openness to .81 for Honesty-Humility) and a=.60 for facets. The Altruism scale in the Slovak translation did not reach a satisfactory internal consistency (a=.29). Mean values in the Slovak-speaking sample were 3.29, and standard deviations .53 for factor level and .74 at the facet level. Sex differences showed the higher Emotionality (d=.99) and Honesty-Humility (d= .38) in women. Age differences in Honesty-Humility showed a medium effect size. Factors did not inter-correlate, or they correlated weakly, except for r=.34 in the relationship between Agreeableness and Honesty-Humility. The factors were well distinguished from one another. The exploratory factor analysis with Promax rotation confirmed the six-factor model, which explained in total 44% of data variance, with an average loading of .60. Individual one-factor models met most of the goodness of fit criteria in confirmatory factor analysis, but the six-factor model did not meet them. The controversy associated with assessing the internal structure of multidimensional personality inventories by confirmatory factor analysis is discussed. According to the currently published research studies, the research findings supported the reliability and internal validity of HEXACO-PI-R in Slovak translation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper compares the personality traits of experienced Australian Police officers, as scored by the HEXACO, to their opinions regarding capital punishment. Results indicated that while experienced Australian Police opinions regarding the death penalty were overwhelmingly different to the opinions of United States of America (US) and United Kingdom (UK) police officers, with 81.1% of Australian police opposing the death penalty, Australian Police personality traits were consistent with Canadian and Dutch police (i.e., higher in Honesty Humility, Extraversion, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, and lower in Emotionality than the general population samples). The bindings challenge traditional views regarding police being prejudicial and severe. The paper recommends recruitment of police officers from more diverse groups to better represent the community they serve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We examined sex differences in the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised (HEXACO-PI-R) factor- and facet-level scales and the associations of national sex differences in those scales with national characteristics such as wealth and gender equality.Method: HEXACO-PI-R self-reports were collected online from persons in 48 countries (N = 347,192).Results: (1) Women averaged substantially higher than men in Emotionality and in Honesty-Humility, with (sample-unweighted) mean differences across countries of d = 0.84 and d = 0.37, respectively; (2) the HEXACO-PI-R factor scales showed a rather large multivariate sex difference (D > 1 in most countries), about 19% larger than found in similar samples with the Big Five personality factors, (3) some facet scales belonging to the same factor showed widely varying sex differences, (4) national-level sex differences in Emotionality were larger in wealthy and gender-egalitarian countries, replicating previous counterintuitive findings, but such a tendency was not clearly observed for Honesty-Humility, and (5) within several English-speaking countries, sex differences in Emotionality showed comparatively little ethnic variation, suggesting that societal characteristics may influence the size of sex differences in Emotionality.Conclusion: The HEXACO model of personality structure provides some new insights in understanding sex differences in personality at the individual and national levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media has changed the way we live. It is now so integral to daily life that it is one of the top activities that people spend their time on each day. Given its ubiquity, it is important to understand what kinds of personality traits draw people toward social media and whether social media changes personality. The present study utilizes a longitudinal design with a large nationally representative sample (N = 11,629) to examine the bidirectional relationship between personality and social media use (SMU). First, cross-lagged analyses revealed a bidirectional relationship between SMU and neuroticism such that neuroticism predicted increased SMU, but SMU also predicted increased neuroticism. However, while increased SMU predicted reduced honesty/humility, honesty/humility did not predict SMU. No other relationships emerged between personality and SMU. This study is the first to examine the extent to which personality both predicts SMU, and is in turn reciprocally shaped by social media exposure in a large-scale national probability panel study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With climate change and its consequences believed to be among the most vital challenges for humanity and the Earth's ecosystem, it is important to understand why individuals do or do not adopt proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. Personality traits are well suited for this purpose. Because no recent work has systematically combined the accumulating evidence on this topic, we aimed to meta-analyze the associations of the Big Five and HEXACO personality domains with proenvironmental attitudes and behaviors. A meta-analysis of 38 sources (N = 44,993) implicated openness and honesty-humility as the strongest correlates of proenvironmental attitudes (r =.22 and.20) and behaviors (r =.21 and.25). Agreeableness, conscientiousness, and, to a lesser extent, extraversion were also associated with proenvironmental attitudes (r =.15,.12, and.09) and behaviors (r =.10,.11, and.10). Heterogeneity among effect sizes was partly explained by samples' gender ratio, age, and country of origin and by the personality model. P -curve analyses, funnel plots, and Egger's tests indicated significant but sporadic and small publication bias. As a validity test, the meta-analytic associations collectively provided substantial predictive accuracy for proenvironmental attitudes (r =.44–.45) and behaviors (r =.28–.43) in independent holdout samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prosociality is a central topic in positive psychology. An important but under-studied distinction can be made between active and reactive expressions. We suggest that the novel construct of social mindfulness represents active rather than reactive prosociality. Across four studies (N = 2,594), including a multi-wave representative sample spanning six years, social mindfulness is found to correlate with personality traits associated with prosocial and/or antisocial behavior. We find positive associations with empathy, social value orientation, and general prosocial behavior, and negative associations with moral disengagement and narcissism. Importantly, social mindfulness emerges as an active rather than a reactive characteristic that is more strongly related to HEXACO honesty-humility (active cooperation) than to HEXACO agreeableness (reactive cooperation). The association between social mindfulness and honesty-humility was found across measures six years apart. Given the well-established link between prosociality and well-being, emphasizing social mindfulness may be a good start to promote the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to extend research on dispositions toward ridicule and being laughed at by testing the localization of the fear of (gelotophobia) and the joy in (gelotophilia) being laughed at, and the joy in laughing at others (katagelasticism) in the HEXACO model and the Dark Triad traits (both have not been examined so far). Study 1 (HEXACO model: N = 216) showed that gelotophobia was related to low extraversion, high emotionality, and low honesty‐humility; gelotophilia to high extraversion and high openness to experience; and katagelasticism to low agreeableness and low honesty‐humility. These results were similar to prior findings based on the Five‐Factor model, and supported the notion that the honesty‐humility trait contributes to the prediction of individual differences in gelotophobia and katagelasticism. Study 2 (Dark Triad: N = 204) showed that gelotophobia was related to high Machiavellianism and low narcissism; gelotophilia to high narcissism; and katagelasticism to high psychopathy and high Machiavellianism. These data helped to clarify our findings on the honesty‐humility trait, showing that gelotophobes and katagelasticists differ in their socially aversive characteristics. Overall, this research provides empirical evidence that dark (but subclinical) traits can be seen as relevant personality predictors of how people deal with laughter and ridicule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The extensive use of two diverging personality taxonomies (the Big Five and HEXACO models) in contemporary research creates a need for understanding how traits connect to each other across taxonomies. Previous research has approached this at both a highly general (domain-) level as well as at a highly specific (facet-) level. The present report is the first to use the intermediate (aspect-) level of the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS) to understand the connections between the two models.Method: We explored these associations in a meta-analysis of four samples drawn from three countries (total N = 1,586).Results: We observed that each HEXACO domain correlated ≥|0.51| with one or more BFAS aspects. Half of the aspects were more strongly associated with HEXACO facets than with HEXACO domains, sometimes markedly so.Conclusion: Although many domains, aspects, and facets are similarly represented across the two models, this was not always the case. Researchers seeking to use one model to extend findings built primarily off the other should carefully consider how well represented their traits of interest are in the other assessment. Psychology instructors are encouraged to use the BFAS to illustrate the subtler distinctions between the Big Five and HEXACO models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The present study sought to expand the literature on the relations of major dimensions of personality with integrative negotiation outcomes by introducing the HEXACO model, investigating both effects of the negotiators' and their counterparts' personality traits on objective and subjective negotiation outcomes, and investigating two interactions between the negotiators' and counterparts' personalities. One hundred forty‐eight participants completed the HEXACO‐100 measure of personality. Participants then engaged in a dyadic negotiation task that contained a mix of distributive and integrative elements (74 dyads). Measures of subjective experience and objective economic value were obtained, and actor–partner interdependence models were estimated. Personality was generally a better predictor of subjective experience than objective economic value. In particular, partner honesty‐humility, extraversion, and openness predicted more positive negotiation experiences. An actor–partner interaction effect was found for actor‐agreeableness by partner‐honesty‐humility on economic outcomes; agreeable actors achieved worse (better) economic outcomes when negotiating with partners that were low (high) on honesty‐humility. © 2018 European Association of Personality Psychology [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research on human's prosoeiality has highlighted the crucial role of Honesty-Humility, a basic trait in the HEXACO personality model. There is overwhelming evidence that Honesty-Humility predicts prosocial behavior across a vast variety of situations. In the present contribution, we cloud this rosy picture, examining a condition under which individuals high in Honesty-Humility reduce prosocial behavior. Specifically, we propose that under self-uncertainty, it is particularly those individuals high in Honesty-Humility who reduce trust in unknown others and become less prosocial. In 5 studies, we assessed Honesty-Humility, manipulated self-uncertainty and measured interpersonal trust or trust in social institutions using behavioral or questionnaire measures. In Study 1, individuals high (vs. low) in Honesty-Humility showed higher levels of trust. This relation was mediated by their positive social expectations about the trustworthiness of others. Inducing self-uncertainty decreased trust, particularly in individuals high in Honesty-Humility (Studies 2-5). Making use of measuring the mediator (Studies 2 and 3) and applying a causal chain design (Studies 4a and 4b), it is shown that individuals high in Honesty-Humility reduced trust because self-uncertainty decreased positive social expectations about others. We end with an applied perspective, showing that Honesty-Humility is predictive of trust in social institutions (e.g., trust in the police; Study 5a) and that self-uncertainty undermined trust in the police especially for individuals high in Honesty-Humility (Study 5b). By these means, the present research shows that individuals high in Honesty-Humility are not unconditionally prosocial. Further implications for Honesty-Humility as well as for research on self-uncertainty and trust are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overclaiming--in which individuals overstate their level of familiarity with items--has been proposed as a potential indicator of positive self-presentation. However, the precise nature and determinants of overclaiming are not well understood. Herein, we provide novel insights into overclaiming through 4 primary studies (comprising 6 samples) and a meta-analysis. Based on past empirical work and theoretical discussions suggesting that overclaiming may be the result of several processes--including an egoistic tendency to self-enhance, intentional impression managing behavior and memory biases--we investigate various potential dispositional bases of this behavior. We hypothesized that overclaiming would best be predicted by a dispositional tendency to be curious and explorative (i.e., high Openness to Experience) and by a dispositional tendency to be disingenuous and self-centered (i.e., low Honesty-Humility). All studies provided support for the first hypothesis; that is, overclaiming was positively associated with Openness. However, no study supported the hypothesis that overclaiming was associated with Honesty-Humility. The third and fourth studies, where multiple mechanisms were compared simultaneously, further revealed that overclaiming can be understood as a result of knowledge accumulated through a general proclivity for cognitive and aesthetic exploration (i.e., Openness) and to a lesser extent, time spent in formal education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on authoritarianism is increasingly focusing on distinctions among its three facets: authoritarian aggression, authoritarian submission, and conventionalism. We use convenience samples from the U.S. (N = 187) and Denmark (N = 226) to explore the HEXACO personality correlates of the authoritarian facets. As expected, Openness was the most pronounced (negative) predictor of the full-scale authoritarianism and its three facets, and results with Conscientiousness were not significant but were consistent with the modest (positive) associations typically reported. Most important was the predictable differences in the relations the facets had with Honesty-Humility, which was more positively related to conventionalism than authoritarian aggression in the U.S. sample, but not in the Danish sample. Interestingly, the U.S. sample scored significantly higher in authoritarianism and its facets than the Danish sample. We offer a tentative account concerning the desirability of authoritarian beliefs in the two national contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roman Catholic deacons (n = 1,349) and deacon candidates (n = 202), completed online measures of personality dimensions (i.e., HEXACO-60), religious commitment, spiritual transcendence beliefs, social desirability, and demographic variables. Social desirability tendencies did not impact responding for deacons or candidates. For candidates and deacons, honesty–humility and extraversion personality dimensions were significant predictors of religious commitment, and extraversion and openness to experience were significant predictors of spiritual beliefs of connectedness to others. Moreover, for deacons but not candidates, all personality dimensions significantly predicted at least one religiosity or spiritual belief. Implications for Catholic deacons and candidates for ordination are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research has highlighted the role of prosocial personality traits--agreeableness and honesty-humility--in egalitarian distributions of wealth in the dictator game. Expanding on these findings, we ran two studies to examine individual differences in two other forms of prosociality--generosity and reciprocity--with respect to two major models of personality, the Big Five and the HEXACO. Participants (combined N D 560) completed a series of economic games in which allocations in the dictator game were compared with those in the generosity game, a non-constant-sum wealth distribution task where proposers with fixed payoffs selected the size of their partner's payoff ("generosity"). We further examined positive and negative reciprocity by manipulating a partner's previous move ("reciprocity"). Results showed clear evidence of both generosity and positive reciprocity in social preferences, with allocations to a partner greater in the generosity game than in the dictator game, and greater still when a player had been previously assisted by their partner. There was also a consistent interaction with gender, whereby men were more generous when this was costless and women were more egalitarian overall. Furthermore, these distinct forms of prosociality were differentially predicted by personality traits, in line with the core features of these traits and the theoretical distinctions between them. HEXACO honesty-humility predicted dictator, but not generosity allocations, while traits capturing tendencies toward irritability and anger predicted lower generosity, but not dictator allocations. In contrast, the politeness--but not compassion--aspect of Big Five agreeableness was uniquely and broadly associated with prosociality across all games. These findings support the discriminant validity between related prosocial constructs, and have important implications for understanding the motives and mechanisms taking place within economic games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The BFI-2 has been known to be suboptimal in assessing HEXACO Honesty-Humility (H). Recently, Denissen, Soto, Geenen, John, and van Aken (2022) attempted to improve the BFI-2's coverage of H by adding an Honesty facet to the Agreeableness scale. The present research was conducted to examine how well H variance is accounted for by this expanded BFI-2 Agreeableness scale. The results (N = 434) indicated that expanded BFI-2 Agreeableness did not noticeably improve the variance accounted for in HEXACO-60 Honesty-Humility, nor did it increase the prediction of H-related outcome variables. However, the BFI-2's coverage of H could be substantially enhanced by an ad hoc 3-facet H scale developed in this study, which defined a factor separate from the five defined by the original 15 BFI-2 facet scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three different theoretical frameworks for understanding social behaviour and experience, the Big Five (B5), HEXACO, and Interpersonal Circumplex (IPC), are compared empirically by aligning them to the same circular structure. In this study (N = 206), we map the major empirically defined interpersonal dimensions of the B5 (Big Five Aspect Scales) and the HEXACO (HEXACO Personality Inventory — Revised) onto the IPC structure using Procrustean rotation. Congruence coefficients demonstrated that the assertiveness aspect of B5 extraversion and the compassion aspect of B5 agreeableness are congruent with IPC dominance and warmth, respectively, replicating recent efforts to integrate these frameworks. HEXACO agreeableness aligned closer to the politeness (versus compassion) aspect of B5 agreeableness, whereas HEXACO extraversion was rotated towards the enthusiasm (versus assertiveness) aspect of B5 extraversion. Finally, HEXACO honesty-humility was congruent with the politeness aspect of B5 agreeableness. These findings provide a means for translating more clearly between these different descriptive frameworks, which is essential for the integration of knowledge emerging from different traditions within this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research the effects of personality and organizational characteristics on workplace delinquency were investigated. In a sample of 455 respondents from a wide variety of organizations, two personality traits, HEXACO Honesty–Humility and Conscientiousness, and two organizational characteristics, ethical culture and employee surveillance, explained a significant amount of variance in workplace delinquency. No interaction effects between personality and organizational practices in the explanation of workplace delinquency were found. Results are discussed in light of the role of personality and Routine Activity Theory in predicting unethical behaviors, delinquency, and/or occupational crime in organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In line with every-day observation, research has established substantial individual differences in ethical behavior, especially dishonesty and cheating. However, these individual differences have remained mostly unexplained, especially in terms of traits as specified in models of basic personality structure. Theoretically, a prime candidate to account for these differences is the Honesty–Humility factor proposed as the sixth basic personality dimension within the HEXACO Model of Personality. Despite clear theoretical links, corresponding behavioral evidence is scarce and limited due to methodological caveats. In a series of six behavioral experiments we thus bridge the gap between behavioral ethics and personality research – critically testing whether individual differences in dishonest behavior can be accounted for by basic traits in general, and Honesty–Humility in particular. We implement different cheating paradigms, tasks, incentive structures, samples, and sets of covariates to evaluate the robustness and generality of results. Overall, variance in dishonest behavior was indeed accounted for by Honesty–Humility which was the only consistent predictor of cheating across the various experimental setups and beyond relevant covariates including other personality factors. The results thus corroborate that individual differences in ethical behavior can be accommodated by comprehensive models of personality structure in general and the Honesty–Humility factor in particular. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study extends previous research on interests–personality relations by comparing recent models of vocational interests (using the Personal Globe Inventory; PGI, Tracey, 2002) and personality (using the HEXACO-PI-R; Ashton, Lee, & de Vries, 2014) with each other. First, the structure of the Spherical representation was adequately replicated in a Dutch sample ( N = 656). Second, in so far as comparisons were possible, the relations between interests and personality were found to be congruent with previous findings. Third, Prestige interests, the defining feature of the Spherical representation, were related, albeit weakly, to Openness to Experience and to Extraversion. Last of all, Honesty–Humility and Openness to Experience were related to profile elevation in interest scores. All results were obtained for normative and ipsatized scales, revealing several meaningful differences in interests–personality relations depending on the type of interest scoring procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Associations between personality and motivation have been investigated using various operationalizations for both constructs, but no study so far has linked the HEXACO personality space to achievement goals. The aim of the present study was thus to explore relations between the HEXACO personality domains and achievement goals focusing particularly on Honesty–Humility. Participants were 173 high-school students with a mean age of 14.49 ( SD = 1.04) years. Data were collected using questionnaires assessing the HEXACO personality inventory and students' mastery goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals for school in general. With few exceptions, findings were consistent with associations reported for the Big Five dimensions and achievement goals. Moreover, Honesty–Humility showed a distinct pattern of systematic relations with achievement goals, correlating positively with mastery goals and negatively with both performance-approach goals and performance-avoidance goals. Finally, relative weights analyses revealed that Honesty–Humility accounted for substantial proportions of explained variance in all achievement goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in the HEXACO Model of Personality has consistently grown in the past decade - with a particular focus on the newly proposed sixth basic factor: Honesty-Humility. In essence, this factor was proposed as the driving force behind cooperative, honest behavior and the basis for a modest, unassuming nature. However, whereas recent research has accumulated substantial evidence for the prediction that Honesty-Humility drives non-exploitative behavior, there is little conclusive evidence for the proposition that it also signals humility. We tested this conjecture in a web-based study - assessing modest behavior in terms of people's over- vs. under-representation of their actual abilities. As hypothesized, the Honesty-Humility factor scale and the Modesty facet scale of the HEXACO Personality Inventory-Revised predicted the degree to which participants' self-appraisals matched their actual general mental ability in the expected direction: those low in Honesty-Humility and/or Modesty overstated their ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Machiavellianism, psychopathy and violence load on a single personality dimension. [•] Low Agreeableness and low Honesty–Humility underlie the ‘Dark Dyad’ formulation. [•] Narcissism is distinct construct, unrelated to antisocial tendencies. [•] Low Agreeableness is the sole significant predictor of violence. [•] Agreeableness is central to the dark behaviours the Dark Triad constructs predicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The Dark Triad (D3) & Honesty–Humility (H) tap personality traits beyond the Big Five. [•] The D3 and H predict similar variables representing diverse aspects of human life. [•] The common core of the D3 is essentially identical to low H. [•] The HEXACO model effectively represents the variances of the Big Five and D3. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] We studied the effects of Harm/Care, Honesty/Humility, Dark Triad on moral judgments. [•] The Dark Triad are positively correlated with utilitarianism. [•] Honesty/Humility and Harm/Care are negatively correlated with utilitarianism. [•] Honesty/Humility and Harm/Care mediated the psychopathy/utilitarianism link. [•] These factors mediated the Machiavellianism/utilitarianism relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] The role of personality in religiosity is controversial. [•] 137 young adults completed the HEXACO-100. [•] Religious beliefs, motives, and values were measured. [•] Honesty–humility, not agreeableness, predicted religiosity. [•] The findings strongly support the HEXACO approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the relationships between personality dimensions and obsessive-compulsive and depressive psychopathology signs, on the basis of the new 6-dimension HEXACO personality model: Honesty-Humility, Emotionality, eXtraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience. Participants were 354 individuals from the general population, from which 21 were at risk of depression (r-DEP) and 29 at risk of obsessive-compulsive disorder (r-OCD). Jointly, the 6 personality dimensions e xplained 42% of the BDI-II score in the r -DEP group, and 37% of the C-BOCI score in the r-OCD group. The two at-risk groups differed from the no-risk participants in all the personality dimensions, with the only exception of Honesty-Humility. The correlations between the self-evaluation and the observer-evaluation were significant and high. To conclude, the relationships between emotional psychopathology and the HEXACO personality dimensions open an interesting new perspective, potentially useful in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research on the Five-Factor model (Big Five) reports a relationship between personality traits and liberal values, and the trait Agreeableness has demonstrated the strongest relationship. The HEXACO model offers a complement to the Five-factor model with an additional sixth trait of Honesty-Humility. Previous research on the Honesty-Humility trait has reported mixed results with liberal values, and this study set out to resolve this. The work presented here explored the relationship between the Honesty-Humility trait on facet-level (Sincerity, Fairness, Greed-avoidance and Modesty) and liberal values (equality for women, minorities, and socio-economical groups). Data from Swedish students (N = 202), known for their individualistic and liberal mindset, were sampled. There was an overall positive correlation between Honesty-Humility and the strength of liberal values (r = .36), and Honesty-Humility predicted liberal values beyond Agreeableness. We discuss these results in terms of the significance of traits and values in a culture that promotes both individualism and equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Findings on personality and mate retention are extended to a six-factor model. [•] The H factor was associated with a majority of the mate retention strategies. [•] Low H scores associated with manipulative, deceptive, and explotative strategies. [•] Associations between the Five-Factor model and mate retention are replicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Honesty–Humility and Guilt Proneness are moral character traits. [•] Self-reports and observer reports of moral character predict unethical behavior. [•] Adults can judge moral character of well-acquainted peers with moderate accuracy. [•] Adults project their own level of moral character onto their peers. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Highlights: [•] Instructed faking increases scores on HEXACO domains and facets. [•] HEXACO facets (but not domains) are less reliable under instructed faking. [•] Intelligence correlates more strongly with faked than honest HEXACO scores. [•] These correlations are larger for Gc then Gf. [•] Effects of instructed faking are larger if subjects first answer honestly then fake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Recently, the personality factor of Honesty–Humility has attracted substantial attention. In particular, it has not only been shown to predict several criteria, but also to entail a specific pattern of interaction with situational factors. Herein, we extend previous research on both findings in linking Honesty–Humility to the quintessential social dilemma, the prisoner’s dilemma. In three investigations, we found support that those high in Honesty–Humility were more likely to cooperate – so long as this was sensible in any way. Those low in Honesty–Humility, by contrast, tended to defect – especially when this behavior was very tempting but not risky. Thus, Honesty–Humility shows promise as a crucial basic personality variable predicting social dilemma decision making, especially in interaction with situational factors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ecological behaviour is often conceptualized as an instance of cooperating in a social dilemma situation. Thus, it has been argued to relate to dispositional tendencies of moral virtue and pro-social orientation. To embed such notions in models of basic personality, we herein predicted that the recently proposed sixth basic personality factor, Honesty-Humility - which specifically pertains to individual differences in cooperativeness - is linked to environmental attitudes and ecological behaviour. Results from two studies ( N = 137 and N = 531, respectively) supported these hypotheses and showed that Honesty-Humility explains incremental variance beyond the remaining, more classical five factors of personality. In addition, mediation analyses revealed that Honesty-Humility exerts part of its influence via individual differences in pro-social value orientations. Individual tendencies to cooperate in social dilemma situations could thus be shown to form a bridge between basic personality dimensions and ecological behaviour. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study compared the Five-Factor and HEXACO personality correlates of two common self-control constructs – Tangney self-control and Grasmick self-control – and their relations with delinquency. In both a student and a community sample, conscientiousness (mainly the prudence facet) was the most consistent and strongest correlate of both constructs. HEXACO honesty–humility was an important correlate of Grasmick self-control but not of Tangney self-control. Additionally, honesty–humility (mainly the fairness facet) was the most consistent predictor of delinquency, whereas the two self-control scales differed in the extent to which they predicted delinquency across samples. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]