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Introduction: To investigate the characteristics of β7 high CD4 + T cells during HIV-1 infection and the relationship between β7 high CD4 + T cells and HIV-1 disease progress., Methods: This study enrolled 124 HIV-1-infected patients, including 80 treatment naïve patients (TNs), 41 patients who underwent antiretroviral therapy (ARTs), and three long-term no progression patients (LTNPs). Nineteen matched healthy subjects were included as controls (HCs). The characteristics and frequency of β7 high CD4 + T cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. An in vitro culture experiment was used to study HIV-1 infection of β7 high CD4 + T cells. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to quantify HIV-1 DNA and CA-RNA levels., Results: The frequency of β7 high CD4 + T in the peripheral blood was significantly decreased and negatively correlated with disease progression during chronic HIV-1 infection. A large proportion of β7 high CD4 + T cells showed Th17 phenotype. Furthermore, β7 high CD4 + T cells were preferentially infected by HIV-1 in vitro and in vivo. There were no significant differences of HIV-1 DNA, and CA-RNA levels between β7 high CD4 + T and β7 low CD4 + T subsets in HIV-1 infected individuals after antiviral treatment., Conclusion: The β7 high CD4 + T cells were negatively correlated with disease progression during chronic HIV-1 infection. β7 high CD4 + T cells are susceptible to infection with HIV-1 and HIV-1 latent cells., (© 2022 British HIV Association.)