1. Mechanistic Studies of Viral Entry: An Overview of Dendrimer-Based Microbicides As Entry Inhibitors Against Both HIV and HSV-2 Overlapped Infections.
- Author
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Sepúlveda-Crespo D, Ceña-Díez R, Jiménez JL, and Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández M
- Subjects
- Administration, Topical, Animals, Anti-Infective Agents administration & dosage, Anti-Infective Agents chemistry, Antiviral Agents administration & dosage, Antiviral Agents chemistry, Dendrimers administration & dosage, Dendrimers chemistry, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 metabolism, HIV-1 physiology, Herpes Genitalis drug therapy, Herpes Genitalis virology, Herpesvirus 2, Human metabolism, Herpesvirus 2, Human physiology, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Humans, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Dendrimers pharmacology, HIV-1 drug effects, Herpesvirus 2, Human drug effects, Virus Internalization drug effects
- Abstract
This review provides an overview of the development of different dendrimers, mainly polyanionic, against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and genital herpes (HSV-2) as topical microbicides targeting the viral entry process. Vaginal topical microbicides to prevent sexually transmitted infections such as HIV and HSV-2 are urgently needed. To inhibit HIV/HSV-2 entry processes, new preventive targets have been established to maximize the current therapies against wild-type and drug-resistant viruses. The entry of HIV/HSV-2 into target cells is a multistep process that triggers a cascade of molecular interactions between viral envelope proteins and cell surface receptors. Polyanionic dendrimers are highly branched nanocompounds with potent activity against HIV/HSV-2. Inhibitors of each entry step have been identified with regard to generations and surface groups, and possible roles for these agents in anti-HIV/HSV-2 therapies have also been discussed. Four potential binding sites for impeding HIV infection (HSPG, DC-SIGN, GSL, and CD4/gp120 inhibitors) and HSV-2 infection (HS, gB, gD, and gH/gL inhibitors) exist according to their mechanisms of action and structures. This review clarifies that inhibition of HIV/HSV-2 entry continues to be a promising target for drug development because nanotechnology can transform the field of HIV/HSV-2 prevention by improving the efficacy of the currently available antiviral treatments., (© 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2017
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