1. No detection of CD4-independent human immunodeficiency virus 1 envelope glycoproteins in brain tissue of patients with or without neurological complications.
- Author
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Quitadamo B, Peters PJ, Koch M, Luzuriaga K, Cheng-Mayer C, Clapham PR, and Gonzalez-Perez MP
- Subjects
- Brain metabolism, CD4 Antigens genetics, HIV Envelope Protein gp120 genetics, HIV Infections virology, HIV-1 classification, HIV-1 genetics, HIV-1 isolation & purification, Humans, Macrophages metabolism, Macrophages virology, Nervous System Diseases diagnosis, Nervous System Diseases virology, Phylogeny, Receptors, CCR5 genetics, Receptors, CCR5 metabolism, Receptors, Virus genetics, Receptors, Virus metabolism, Brain virology, CD4 Antigens metabolism, HIV Envelope Protein gp120 metabolism, HIV Infections complications, HIV-1 metabolism, Nervous System Diseases etiology
- Abstract
Macrophage (mac)-tropic human immnunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immnunodeficiency virus (SIV) in brain are associated with neurological disease. Mac-tropic HIV-1 evolves enhanced CD4 interactions that enable macrophage infection via CD4, which is in low abundance. In contrast, mac-tropic SIV is associated with CD4-independent infection via direct CCR5 binding. Recently, mac-tropic simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) from macaque brain was also reported to infect cells via CCR5 without CD4. Since SHIV envelope proteins (Envs) are derived from HIV-1, we tested more than 100 HIV-1 clade B Envs for infection of CD4-negative, CCR5
+ Cf2Th/CCR5 cells. However, no infection was detected. Our data suggest that there are differences in the evolution of mac-tropism in SIV and SHIV compared to HIV-1 clade B due to enhanced interactions with CCR5 and CD4, respectively.- Published
- 2019
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