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This publication presents the emergence of the new sciences that are most important for today’s world: communication science, cybernetics, the theory of information, and the theory of the noosphere in the 1940s – 1950s. The purpose of this article is to analyze the total scientific achievements in Eurasia at the time of the Second World War. This was a bright phenomenon in the formation of new revolutionary theories. Works of Chicago-based and Frankfurt-based schools of thought, the theoretical concepts of T. Adorno, M. Horkheimer, H. Lasswell, P. Lazarsfeld, аnd other researchers laid the foundations of the communication science and contributed to the breakthrough in a number of the key subject areas. A system approach to and a comparative analysis of the causes and subsequent consequences of the achievements at that time for today’s world served as a methodological basis for a comprehensive consideration of large-scale studies of the past. The scientific novelty of this historic study consists in the interdependence and complementarity of the theoretical and practical achievements in the 1940s and rethinking of their importance in the structure of concepts in the 20th century. Industrial and military goals associated with the automatic management and communication processes required fundamentally new approaches and achievements. When World War II broke out, N. Wiener worked on these problems aiming at creating a computer, which pushed him to the idea that the principles of managing biotic and abiotic systems are the same and to the cybernetic concept development. In the mid-1940s, J. von Neumann built the first digital computer. In 1945-1947, A. Turing worked, as an inventor of “a universal machine”, on the “electronic brain” project and was the first to develop a number of programs for it. In 1942, C. Shannon published his work dedicated to the theory of information permitting a constellation of researchers to lay the foundations of the theory of communication. V. Vernadsky’s noosphere concept proposed in 1944 was particularly important. At present, the ideas of that period are gaining new importance as a basis for the single planetary management system.

The article discusses and analyzes the role assessment and communication significance in state control systems in works and prominent representatives’ statements of political thought from antiquity to the beginning of the twentieth century in accordance with the understanding of this phenomenon essence in the considered historical epochs. It is shown that from the history of political thought, although some well-founded concepts of the relationship between the authorities and the population of the thinkers of ancient China, India, and antiquity are known, they require more detailed and systematic understanding. The influence of the managerial and communicative ideas of Confucius, Plato and Aristotle on the subsequent works of Caesar, Cicero, the thinkers of the Middle Ages, the Renaissance and the Enlightenment are consistently discussed. A comparative analysis of individual views on the relationship between the state of public administration and communication of theologians and scientists of the XIII-XVIII centuries was conducted: F. Aquinas, F. Petrarch, L. Bruni, N. Machiavelli, M. Luther, T. More, T. Campanella, J. Boden, G. Grotius, J. Locke, T. Hobbes. Particular attention is paid to the ideas of S. Montesquieu, I. Kant, and G.-V.-F. Hegel as the founders of the scientific discourse around the problems of war and peace, the effectiveness of government and relations with the subjects of this management, with the people. In particular, the developments of the Chicago school in the United States and the Institute for Social Research in Germany, which laid the theoretical foundation for the beginning of the formation of information and communication theories that created the basis of the modern stage of communication development in the late twentieth century - early twenty-first century. Research and analysis in the work of the first historical ideas and theoretical concepts of the role, communication place and importance in public administration systems, advanced for 2500 years by a galaxy of eminent thinkers of the past, allows to rethink the sources of conceptual ideas of communicology put forward in the 20th century and approach the objective assessment of the perspective the role of the communication component of the humanity civilizational development in the twenty-first century.