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1 nificant prol)lem of this historic period was the conflict of ideas between two spiritual and cultural worlds.''l It is the purpose of this inquiry to examine the ideological issues of the first Worl(l l;\rar as interpreted by a representative and contemporary group of German thinkers. To this end a considerable amount of original material bearing upon this matter available in the collections of the Hoover Library of V\tar, Revolution and Peace at Stanfor(l University has been inspected. This material embraced the views of more than seventy German writers, including historians, *conomists, journalists and publicists, government officials, poets, pastors, educators, scientists, and philosophers. \mong them are to be found the names of some of the most eTninent German thinkers of the era. It is not claimed that these views represent all segments of German opinion, but to a notable degree there does seem to be a consensus among them on the more fundamental aspects of the war.

M USIC LIBRARIES in the United States in the last thirty years have in many cases made progress that enables them to compare favorably with older libraries abroad, especially in their organization, their physical facilities and equipment, and their collections of printed scores and the literature of music. However, in the field of primary source material, particularly autograph manuscripts, of European music, it has long been a common assumption that the American scholar would find our library shelves bare and would have to travel to the great libraries of Berlin, Paris, London, and other European cities to carry on his studies. No one will dispute the pre-eminence of these libraries, of course, in their manuscript collections, but quite aside from the possibility of their treasures being made available in facsimile in this country, it is becoming apparent that a very respectable number of European autograph scores do exist in the United States, in libraries and in private collections. A census of such material, now approaching completion, reveals many treasures of which most musicians may well be unaware. It will be the writer's purpose here to tell something of the background of the census, of some of his experiences in carrying it on, and to call attention to the extent of the manuscript collections in this country. In the spring of 1937 a small group of music librarians, eager to increase available source material in American libraries, outlined a project to obtain microfilm copies of musical rarities in European libraries for a central archive in this country. Approached for a grant to enable a librarian to visit central Europe and make preliminary contacts for such a project, the Oberlaender Trust, although approving the purpose, suggested a preliminary census of autograph manuscripts and facsimiles of European composers in American libraries and collections, and the writer was asked to make such a survey. Once begun, the census proved to be more complicated than expected, and, unfinished at the time of Pearl

[EDITOR'S NoTE: A distinguished historian of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, Professor A. C. Krey of the University of Minnesota has done much to emphasize the value of studying intellectual and social history with adequate recognition of its international implications. The period of the Renaissance, as he points out, represented more nearly "one world" than our studies of national literatures often suggest. The Huntington Library has emphasized the peculiarly English elements in the Renaissance because the great body of its source material lies in this field and the books and documents for the study of Continental relationships are not available in the West. Although the Huntington Library has one of the greatest collections of English books for the study of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, there is in all of this region no adequate library for the study of the Latin countries which were so important to English civilization: Italy, France, and Spain. The opportunity for the development of this Continental field is very great, and discussions with colleges and universities in this area indicate that some mutual program for collecting material for the study of the Latin countries of Europe may be worked out. Meanwhile the following statement from Professor Krey, the outgrowth of a dinner conversation, is printed to illustrate an almost forgotten phase of the indebtedness of England to Italy in the Renaissance. ]

he number of scholars involved with the study of African sculpture and related aspects such as painting, decoration, architecture, oral literature, dance, music, costume, gestural symbolism and drama, is still very small.' Within the total body of scientists who place the study of African cultures and societies in the center of their scholarly analyses, students of the African arts constitute a minute group. Within the disciplines of art history, anthropology, comparative literature, and so on, they represent an even smaller fraction. The amount of primary scientific materials and documents available to these few scholars in libraries, archives, museums, private collections, and in the field, is immense. Although uneven in quality and coverage, the materials at our disposal are extremely rich and diverse in scope and content.2 The primary documents are not easy to handle, for they are scattered in many places. Published and unpublished sources, extending over a long period of time, are written in several European languages and, increasingly, in some African ones as well. A substantial number of these sources

Traces the evolution of synchronized motion pictures and sound films. Texts dealing with various aspects of sound film invention and advancement are discussed. Available from: James B. Wright, Association for Recorded Sound Collections Journal, Fine Arts Library, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131. Subscription: included in membership annual dues of $10.00 (MH)

Edinburgh was a prominent center for rhetorical studies during the British Enlightenment. This inventory identifies manuscripts which illuminate rhetorical thought at Edinburgh and which are available in the collections of Scottish libraries.

These three books are important contributions to 18th century English social and labor history. They conveniently summarize a large amount of material, and each in its own way provides something of an interpretation of the period. Let us discuss each in turn. The single greatest strength of Dobson's study is that it has chronicled to an extent not done before the record of disturbances and disputes between employees and employers in 18th century England. Against those older historians such as the Hammonds, the Webbs, and G.D.H. Cole as well as the more recent tendency which stresses the harmony of paternalist relations between the social classes, Dob son's chronical is a useful corrective. It should be enlightening to all of those who regard the wage struggle as belonging only to the period of factory production. Dobson is a numerologist. His chronicle is most succinctly presented in the Appendix which lists all the labor disputes that he's discovered between 1717 and 1800. The list is a summary of his reading of the London press available in the Burney collection of the British Library. The list should not be taken to be compre hensive, suggestive though it is, because Dobson does not tell us how he read the press (what newspapers? what periods? how systematically?) nor if he searched many of the provincial newspapers such as Berrow's Worcester Journal, The Sher borne Mercury, or Jackson*s Oxford Journal, all of which often contained news of strikes not mentioned in the London press. Exhaustive quantifiers may moan about this and then go and add to his list. Perhaps they will add to it significantly. Let us hope that they do. Meanwhile, some of his findings may be mentioned. In tables interfoliated with his text he analyzes the disputes by occupation, by twenty-year periods, by the primary issue at dispute, and by region. A table of

The more spectacular incidents in the career of Utaemon III (1778–1838) took place in Osaka. They include a fierce rivalry with the Arashi family, especially Rikan I (1769–1821), and a later career characterized by a marked reluctance to retire. In this account of his life, much use will be made of the documentary evidence of Osaka actor prints, and also of banzuke, which are the programmes of performances at a particular theatre. Banzuke come in various forms, including the illustrated ones called e-banzuke, more or less abbreviated ones such as those used apparently rather like fly-posters for circuses in England (tsuji-banzuke, put up at street-corners), and the standard form which lists the roles and those who performed them, names of musicians, name of zamoto or manager, theatre, date, and so on. Many libraries have collections of these available for inspection, but I should like to mention here another source. In the Waseda University Theatre Museum there survives a sort of theatrical scrap-book, consisting of boxes of made-up books with materials from the 1620s to 1827, but in fuller detail for the period of the life of Utaemon III, which was of great interest to the compiler, who is thought to have been a wealthy Osaka ginseng merchant and kabuki fan called Yoshida Goun, who employed Hamamatsu Utakuni, a well-known theatrical critic, to collect the material, order illustrations from artists, write explanatory pieces, arrange and catalogue it.

The National Museum of American History Branch Library, a part of the Smithsonian Institution Libraries system, acquires and maintains a dynamic collection in support of the research pursued in this museum. Subject concentration is in the history of science and technology and American history, with emphasis on material culture and on documenting and servicing the museum's collections. Special collections include trade literature and exposition materials. The library collection is developed and viewed as a national resource, with access available to all scholars in need of its materials.

The period between 1812 and the Civil War vas a time of tremendous change in the United States. Events like the War of 1812, the annexation of Texas, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, and the continuing question of slavery were paramount dur ing this period of U.S. History. This ERIC column will highlight materials available from the Educational Resource Information Center (ERIC) sys tem. Documents may be purchased from ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS), 3900 Wheeler Ave., Alexandria, VA 22304-5110, in either microfiche (MP) or paper copy (PC). Orders should be accompanied by a check or money order. EDRS now provides a toll-free number (1-800-227-3742) for customer service and phone orders. Entries followed by an EJ number are annotated monthly in CUE (Current Index to Journals in Edu cation^ which is available in libraries containing ERIC collections. EJ docu ments are not available through EDRS; however, they can be located in the journal section of most libraries using the bibliographic information provided in each annotation. Additional resources on Nationalism and the time period between 1812 and the Civil War can be found by searching the monthly ERIC index RESOURCES IN EDUCATION, located in many libraries throughout the country. These libraries also may have complete microfiche col lections of ERIC documents available for viewing. EJ 295 902. "Indiana and the Kansas Nebraska Act of 1854," by William J. Medland and Morton M. Rosenberg in INDIANA SOCIAL STUDIES QUARTERLY, Winter 1983-84, volume 36, number 3, pp. 22-31. The Kansas-Nebraska Act, which re pealed the ban against slavery in the North, served as a catalyst to activate numerous groups which were unhappy with the Indiana Democratic party. From this period emerged the new Republican party and also a revitalized Democratic party with new leadership.

The celebration of the bicentennial of the Constitution is a continuing process. Officially, it does not end until 1991 with the anniversary of the signing of the Bill of Rights, but the celebration should continue far beyond the official conclusion. This ERIC/ChESS column will highlight current resources available on the Con stitution. Documents in this column that contain an ED number are available from the Educational Resource Informa tion Center (ERIC) Document Reproduction Service (EDRS) facility located at 3900 Wheeler Ave., Alexandria, VA 22304-5110. 1-800-227-3742. Documents are available in either microfiche or paper copy. Additional resources can be found by searching the monthly ERIC index RESOURCES IN EDUCATION (RIE) located in many libraries throughout the country. Entries which contain an EJ number are annotated monthly in CURRENT INDEX TO JOURNALS IN EDUCATION (CUE) which is available in libraries containing ERIC collections. EJ documents are not available through EDRS; however, they can be located in the journal section of most libraries, using the bibliographic information provided in each annotation.

This chronological bibliography lists the writings of Ralph W. Tyler in the period from 1929 through 1974. The materials listed are available, for the most part, in periodicals, books, and published reports. Unpublished writings are not listed except in a few instances where the materials are known to be available from the Ralph W. Tyler Collection at the University of Chicago Library.

Among the holdings of the Firestone Library of Princeton University is a large collection of manuscripts, documenting Roger Sessions's work as a student of composition. The collection, compiled and given to the library by the composer, has been generally available to scholars (as stipulated by Sessions) only in the few years since his death. It thus constitutes an important, yet virtually untouched, resource for investigation of Sessions's life and works.1 The contents of the collection are preserved in three portfolios, corresponding to a basic chronological arrangement of material. One body of manuscriptsundated, but by all indications reflecting work undertaken before 1919-is enclosed in a portfolio labeled "Exercises and Studies in Form." The entry on the cover of a second portfolio, "Studies in Counterpoint 1933-41'," indicates contents that date from a much later time-indeed, well after Sessions's student years. These groups of manuscripts (which represent the earliest and the most recent portions of the collection, respectively) are essential components to the complete picture of Sessions as a student of composition. The focus of this article, however, is on the remaining portfolio. Its contents, dating from 1919-20, are rooted in an especially noteworthy phase of Sessions's training, identified by the title under which the manuscripts are gathered: "Studies with Ernest Bloch." The events of Sessions's years as a student of Bloch have been fairly well documented in the scholarly literature.2 It seems that he originally came to Bloch in 1918 in response to a "creative crisis" that he felt required the special help of a teacher who was also an accomplished

The United States is a country built by immigrants, and its de velopment and history continue to be in fluenced by immigration. This topic is therefore usually covered in U.S. history courses. In geography, the themes of human movement requires the study of immigration. Textbooks, however, do not always provide enough information on the topic, creating a need for supple mentary materials. U.S. history and geography teachers can locate supple mentary resources on teaching about immigration by turning to the bibliographic database of the ERIC (Educational Re sources Information Center) system. The resources listed below are supplemen tary materials listed in ERIC's database. Materials noted in this column that are preceded by an ED number are known as ERIC documents and are an notated monthly in RIE (Resources in Education), available in many libraries throughout the country. Documents may be purchased from the EDRS (ERIC Document Reproduction Services), 3900 Wheeler Ave., Alexandria, VA 22304 6409, in either microfiche (MF) or paper copy (PC). Check, money order, Master Card and Visa are all accepted. EDRS also provides a toll free number (1-800 227-3742) for customer service and phone orders. Entries preceded by an EJ number are journal articles which are annotated monthly in CUE (Current Index to Jour nals in Education), available in many li braries. EJ articles are not available through EDRS; however, they may be located in the journal section of most libraries by using the bibliographic infor mation provided in each annotation. Additional resources on teaching about immigration, as well on as other social studies topics, can be found by searching the monthly RIE and CUE indexes, or by searching the ERIC data base on CD-ROM or online. These in dexes, CD-ROMs, and online search serv ices are available at libraries throughout the country. These libraries also may have complete microfiche collections of ERIC documents available for viewing.

References to papers dealing with M31 are listed here in order of the year of appearance. Brief annotations are given for most of them. The first part of this compilation is based in part on work done many years ago by students at the University of California, Berkeley, as a class project. Especially hard-working were Conrad Sturch, Ralph Robbins, K. S. Krishna Swamy, Carol Webb, and Ann Merchant (Boesgaard). Not all of the references could be checked directly in available library collections. Thus, especially for some of the older references, we had to rely on the data in the Astronomische Jahresbericht or other secondary sources.

Why ignore the potential for networking all major Jewish library collections' catalogs? for making Bar Ilan's responsa database available to any scholar [or] Halachist writing a tshuvah? Can't find genealogical information? Telnet to Beit Hatfutsot's database server and look up your heritage! Suppose we started a forum for "Jewish" recipes, putting them into a database for anyone to access? I think that the potential is there for Jews to make use of the network in many aspects of Jewish life. Remember, during the Russian coup, some of the only information smuggled out of the country was through Amateur Radio and computer networks . . . when all official communications channels, especially news and phones, were cut off. If the Jews had had such a network at the time of the Holocaust, the entire world would have heard what was going on very quickly, and the war might have been over much sooner.

Many libraries, museums, galleries, and heritage centres are thinking of using electronic media to help them to achieve some of their aims, and a much smaller number have started to put these plans into practice. One such project is the Wellcome Institute Library's Iconographic Collections Videodisc, which has been up and running since June 1993, available to the public free of charge and without appointment at the Wellcome Building in London.