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Tuna is an Indonesian fishery product that is one of the country's primary foreign exchange producers. This research aimed to determine the optimal addition of Eucheuma cattonii seaweed and duration of storage at -18oC. (2) The second factor is storage duration at -18oC, with three levels: B1: 0 days (control), B2: 10 days, and B3: 20 days. In the proximate test, the water content, protein content, and lipid content were observed. The analysis of data was performed using SPSS version 12. The addition of 20% seaweed with a 20-day storage period yielded the lowest water content, as determined by the results. The maximum water content was found in the 10% seaweed addition treatment. The addition of 30% seaweed and storage for 20 days resulted in the lowest protein content, while the addition of 10% seaweed and storage for 0 days resulted in the highest protein content. The average fat content ranged from 0.7% to 1.14 %, indicating that the maximum fat content of the sandwich product was obtained by storing it at -18°C for 20 days with 10% seaweed. While the treatment of 30% seaweed with extended storage at -18°C or the control had the lowest fat content. The results of the analysis of the effect of adding seaweed and storage time at -18°C on tuna sandwiches indicate that the combination of treatment with the addition of 30% seaweed and storage at -18°C for 20 days can maintain the nutritional value of sandwich products. The tuna sticks with the greatest score on the proximity test.

Dyes and copper are dangerous contaminants because they are toxic. Bioremediation using indigenous bacteria is the best solution to overcome water pollution. Copper resistant bacteria usually have resistance to dyes thereby helping the bioremediation of dye and copper wastes. This study aims to examine the ability of indigenous bacteria isolated from the Cisadane River, namely Klebsiella grimontii IrCis3, Shigella flexneri IrCis5, Enterobacter cloacae IrCis6, and Enterobacter cloacae IrCis9 in terms of resistance and ability to decolorize 12 textile dyes namely methylene blue, malachite green, congo red, mordant orange, reactive black, direct yellow, basic fuchsin, reactive orange, dispersed orange, remasol red, wantex yellow and wantex red. The results showed that Shigella flexneri IrCis5, Enterobacter cloacae IrCis6, and Enterobacter cloacae IrCis9 were resistant to all dye concentrations of 200 and 500 ppm except Klebsiella grimontii IrCis3 did not grow on malachite green and basic fuchsin at concentrations of 200 ppm and methylene blue, malachite green and basic fuchsin concentration of 500 ppm. Only Shigella flexneri IrCis5 has the ability to decolorize 200 ppm basic fuchsin up to 87.23% after 3 days of incubation. The addition of 3 mM CuSO4 reduced the ability to decolorize Shigella flexneri IrCis5 to 0.57%.

Qualitative analysis research of salak leaf extract has been carried out, where the salak leaf extract Padangsidimpuan has characteristic with a larger size and does leaf has a meat which has a distinctive sour taste, because of its acid content, it is processed in the form of salak leaf (Salacca sumatrana) which aims to analyze the levels of secondary metabolites in salak leaf which are expected to be a cholesterol-lowering herbal medicine. With the appropriate qualitative analysis of salak leaf using the extraction method, namely the maceration method with methanol solvent, the results obtained that salak leaf contains Secondary metabolites consisting of alkaloids, phenolics, saponins, tannins, terpenoids, however, it does not contain flavonoids and steroids.

Weeds are undesired plants to grow so weed management is expected to overcome losses caused by weeds. One way to manage weeds using herbicides is the chemicals used for weed management in plants. This study aims to determine the influence of weed management using herbicides on corn yields. The research was conducted in Sekoci Village, Besitang District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra in April-June 2021. This study used a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 4 treatments and 3 replications, namely contact, systemic, weeding and weeds without management. The results showed that herbicide management significantly affected 100 seed weight, cob weight per plot and seed weight per plot, but had no significant effect on weed without management. It indicates that the treatment of weed management using herbicides affects plant growth and yield. Weed management for farmers is very important to prevent competition for nutrients between weeds and corn.

Eucalyptus grandis still not much used, especially the leaves. Besides being used as an industrial material, Eucalyptus is also used as a medicinal plant to cure infectious diseases, fever and rheumatism as well as being an antiseptic and can be applied in the form of bath soap. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of liquid body soap with the addition of eucalyptus leaf extract with various concentrations. The research method used was a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) method with the addition of eucalyptus oil A = 1% (w/w), B = 2% (w/w), C = 3% (w/w), D = 4% (w/w) and E = 5% in total VCO 80 oil, 40% KOH = 35 g, glycerin = 60 g, propyleneglycol = 35 g, three times the repetition. The parameters observed were the physicochemical properties of soap based on SNI Liquid Bath Soap 06-4085-1996 including free alkali content, namely A = 0.072%, B = 0.052%, C = 0.078%, D = 0.090$, E-), 104% , pH value, A= 8.36, B= 8.78, C= 8.80, D= 8.85 and E=8.94, Specific Gravity A= 1.008, B= 1.018, C= 1.009, D= 1.190, E = 1.014.

The study to examine the calcification rate, adaptation, and the biotic response of three tropical coccolithophorids (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, and Ochosphaera sp) to changes in CO2 concentration. Three selected calcifying coccolitophorids were grown at batch culture with CO2 system at two levels of CO2 (385 and 1000 ppm) and two light dark periods. The parameters measured and calculation including growth rate, particulate organic carbon content, particulate inorganic carbon content, chlorophyll a, cell size, photosynthetic, organic, inorganic carbon production, photosynthesis, and calcification rate. The results showed that there was a different response to carbonate chemistry changes and dark and light periods in any of the analyzed parameters. The growth rate of three selected calcifying microalgae tested was decreasing significantly at high concentrations of CO2 (1000 ppm) treatment on 14:10 hour light: dark periods. However, there was no significant difference between the two CO2 concentrations where they were illuminated by 24 hours light in growth rate. The increasing CO2 concentration and light-dark periods were species-specific responses to photosynthesis and calcification rate for three selected calcifying microalgae.

The level of meat production from purebred chickens in East Java Province from 2009 to 2019 reached 510,535.29 tons. The existence of heavy metal contamination in chickens are dangerous for human health due to the lack of good facilities and infrastructure on broiler farms including land and locations that must be environmentally friendly, and when rearing chickens in paying attention to the needs of water and feed for broiler chickens that are not polluted by heavy metals. The objective of this study was to describe the levels of heavy metals in chicken meat at X Chicken Farm in Kertosari Village, Pakusari District, Jember Regency. This research was a type of descriptive research. The subjects of this study were 20 samples of broiler chicken, well water, and 4 respondents. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Data analysis used descriptive to describe the use of chicken feed, sources of drinking water, and the presence of heavy metal levels of Pb and Cd in chicken. The result indicate that as many as 20 samples of chicken meat contained levels of heavy metals Pb and Cd below the quality standard values according to Indonesian Nasional Standard (SNI) 7387:2009), namely (pb 0.3/kg) and (Cd

Farmed fish that are stressed are susceptible to various diseases that will affect their health, thereby reducing their reproductive abilities. Immunostimulants are substances that can enhance or stimulate the fish's immune system by interacting directly with cells that activate the immune system. The purpose of this study was to analyze the performance of L-theanine as an immunostimulant to reduce stress levels in monkfish. This research was conducted at the Wet Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Maritime Affairs, Lambung Mangkurat University, South Kalimantan Province. The treatment that will be given is as follows, namely Treatment A with feed added at a dose of L-Theanine 0 mg/kg. Treatment B feed was added with a dose of L-Theanine 300 mg/Kg. Treatment C was supplemented with a dose of L-Theanine 600 mg/Kg. Treatment D was supplemented with a dose of L-Theanine 900 mg/kg. The observed haematological conditions were hematocrit, erythrocytes and blood glucose. The addition of feed with a dose of L-Theanine 300 mg/kg was able to maintain immunostimulants to reduce stress levels in animal fish according to hematological measurements in the form of hematocrit, erythrocytes and blood glucose.

The research is aimed at analyzing the production of both foreign and ORGANOLEPTIC quality subsidies produced in west Java, Indonesia. The research was carried out from 2023 to March 20, 2023. The research method used is survey. The research procedure takes place in two stages. The first takes into consideration the production of a saltwater anchovy product and the second stage tests the quality of the resulting salty teri product. An analysis of the manufacture of salty anchovies is made by observation of production places and interviews with workers and business owners. Organoleptic quality testing is done with suspension tests. The government has set the 2007 state budget at 8.25 percent for the first time in a row, he said. Data obtained is decrypted. According to research, the production of saltfish in pangandaran, west Java - Indonesia includes receiving raw materials, salting, washing, cleaning, and sorting. Recent surveys show more than 7 organoleptic values. According to sni 2721-1:2009, the salty anchovies from the Mr. Nono's production house is already qualified because of the conditions for the quality and security of the salt-fish food for a minimum organoleptic value is 7.

Neste artigo discutimos aspectos da trajetória da Revista del Instituto Paraguayo que tangenciaram temas sobre a discussão da recondução da nacionalidade paraguaia do final do século XIX e início do XX, momento em que diversos intelectuais se esforçavam em forjar uma nova versão do país, que sofria as consequências nefastas da Guerra da Tríplice Fronteira (1864-1870). Desde seu surgimento, esse periódico se propôs ao debate, de maneira interdisciplinar, de um conjunto de temas e questões que englobaram repertórios fundamentais para a consolidação no despertar de uma consciência nacional. Destacamos como principal condutora dessa atuação a Geração de 900, formada por autores interligados por uma comunidade intelectual interessada na reconfiguração nacional, a partir da cultura, da pátria, da história nacional e do porvir. Esperamos contribuir para o debate sobre o protagonismo desta Revista como uma das plataformas essenciais que sintetizou aspirações que projetaram o país para o século XX.

Edible film is a packaging development for environmentally friendly food that is composed of organic ingredients, so it is safe for consumption. Natural polymers that make up edible films include polysaccharides, lipids, and proteins to replace synthetic packaging materials. The characteristics of good edible film have properties like other plastic packaging, namely being easy to shape, transparent, flexible, not easily damaged, and cheap. Canna starch has the potential to be used as a building material because it contains high levels of amylose and amylopectin, and nanochitosan has good antimicrobial activity. The addition of fish oil to edible films is a solution to correct the deficiencies of edible film biocomposites, which can increase their hydrophobic properties and tensile strength.

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This research aims to analyze the production process and organoleptic quality of dried shrimp produced in Katapang Doyong, Pangandaran-West Java, Indonesia. The research method used was a survey method. The research procedure was conducted in two stages. The first stage observed the process of making dried shrimp products, and the second stage tested the organoleptic quality of the dried shrimp produced. The analysis of dried shrimp production was conducted by observing the production site and interviewing workers and business owners. The organoleptic quality testing was performed using scoring tests. The research results concluded that the production process of dried shrimp in Lapang Katapang Doyong, Pangandaran consisted of three stages, namely cleaning, drying through the sun-drying process, and packaging. The organoleptic quality of the dried shrimp produced averaged above 8. Overall, it meets the requirements of food quality and safety as stipulated in the National Standardization Agency, with a minimum organoleptic value of 7 for dried shrimp.

A cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an umbrella term used for the conditions that affect the heart and vessels. Cardiovascular diseases have become the number one reason behind morbidity and mortality in most countries among younger adults particularly in reproductive age group. It is emerging as a major health concern in fast-developing economies like India. This study aimed to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of risk of cardiovascular diseases among younger adults in the selected community of Kannur districts of Kerala. A cross-sectional descriptive survey research design was used to conduct this study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the 132 samples in a selected community. A QRISK2 standardised tool was used as a basis for the development of a knowledge scale to assess the knowledge regarding the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The results indicated that 83.3 percent of younger adults have good knowledge and 16.7 percent have average knowledge regarding the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. There was improvement in level of knowledge in the prevention of cardiovascular disease among younger adults in an advanced literate society of Kerala; their lifestyle included physical activities, diet patterns. Relevant risk factors causing risk must be studied to curb the menace of CVDs.

Renewable energy is expanding worldwide. Most renewable power sources supply electricity temporarily, making them difficult to integrate into electricity infrastructure. Transceivers measure, operate, and protect renewable producers and power grids, making them an essential component in this grid connection that makes dispersed green electricity possible. The research describes a new control method to maximise energy converter performance in three-phase, four-wire distribution channels. An active filter lets inverters do many jobs. The inverter can work as both a voltage converter to inject RES-generated electricity into the grid and an active shunt filter to correct for load imbalance, harmonic current, reactive energy demand, and even with. You can do all of these things or pick and choose. A matrix inverter with a 3-phase 4-wire sequential imbalance load coupled at the common coupling can deceive the network into thinking they are a balancing load with the correct controls. DSP lab data supports MATLAB and Simulink simulation tests that show this innovative control paradigm.

Introduction: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is a condition in which sarcopenia and obesity occur simultaneously. This condition will lead to risk of higher morbidity, mortality, and reduced quality oflife. This study aimed to examine the proportion of SO patients in community and observation the association of physical activity level and physical performance with sarcopenia in elderly obese patientin communityMethods: An analytic observation cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling was carried out. Inclusion criteria included subjects with age ≥ 60 years old, body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 Kg / m2,able to walk at least 10 meters, and has a good cognitive function. Subjects with pacemaker, using metal implants, history of cancer, acute cardiovascular and respiratory disorders, deformities, or painin extremities and receive regular therapeutic exercise were excluded from this research. Measurement of physical activity level using Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (PASE) questionnaire and physicalperformance using gait speed and timed up and go test (TUG). Sarcopenia is based on criteria from Asian Working Group of Sarcopenia (AWGS) 2019 with body composition assessment using BioelectricImpedance Analysis (BIA)Results: There were 119 subjects in this study. Proportion of sarcopenia obesity in all subjects was 23,5% with 71,4% was female. The results showed that physical activity level and physical performances valuesin SO patients were lower than in obesity patient. There were no significant association on physical activity level (p > 0,05) and significant association on physical performance, both in gait speed and TUGtest (p < 0,05).Conclusion: Physical performance is associated with sarcopenia in elderly obese patient in community. Coexistence between sarcopenia and obesity has a syner gistic impact on functional limitations.Keywords: elderly, obesity, physical activity level, physical performance, sarcopenia

Introduction: Ramadhan fasting increases mental and physical health. The study aims to evaluate the effect of Ramadhan fasting on fatigue, sleepiness, depression and anxiety mood, quality of life (QoL), caloriesconsumed and Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) serum level.Methods: Twenty participants are included in the fasting group (FG), and nineteen participants are included in the non-fasting group (NFG). Fatigue severity scales (FSS), fatigue VAS, Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS),hospital depression and anxiety score (HADS), Beck depression inventory (BDI)-II, Short form 12 (SF-12), and BDNF in both groups were assessed at five-time points: one week before Ramadhan (T1), in the middleof Ramadhan (T2), the last days of Ramadhan (T3), one week after Ramadhan fasting (T4) two weeks after Ramadhan (T5).Results: We found no significant differences across the time points between FG and NFG groups in all variables (p>0.05). There is a significant correlation between fatigue VAS with BDNF serum levels (r > rtable), SF-12 PCS (r>r table) with BDNF, SF-12 MCS (r>r table). There is no correlation between fatigue, depression and anxiety intensity, sleepiness, QoL, BDI-II, and BDNF serum levels with calories consumed,BDI-II, and BDNF of fasting group in Ramadhan (r < r table).Conclusions: Ramadhan fasting has positive effects on fatigue and mood. Ramadhan fasting does not have a significant effect on sleepiness, physical exercise, and calories consumed. Fatigue VAS and SF-12 PCScan replace the serum BDNF examinationKeywords: BDNF, depression, fatigue, quality of life, ramadhan fasting

Indonesia ranks third in terms of countries with the highest number of leprosy in the world. This fact hasn't changed since 20 years ago. This shows the magnitude of leprosy management problems, both at the world level and national level. These problems range from the problem of finding new cases, continuity of the provision of various drug regimens, and control of the spread. In addition to problems related to the detection and handling of new cases, there are also problems in leprosy survivors. Survivors generally have disabilities due to the disease. The disability can continue to be aggravated over time, even though leprosy itself has healed long since. These disabilities vary from numbness, paralysis, shortened and claw-like fingers on the hands and feet, wounds resulting in amputations of the nose, ears, fingers and limbs. Such problems require a complete and continues management. Meanwhile, the management of leprosy, both in patients and survivors, has challenges both in terms of medical, policy, financing, and culture. Not to mention the challenges related to low socialistism, not many Indonesians know the problem of leprosy, especially knowing the magnitude of the problem. Pandemic conditions make things worse. This case report will explain the journey of leprosy survivor who has been amputated and has rehabilitation related to the maintenance and replacement of leg prosthetic in pandemic situation. It will describe the stigma, medical, and socioeconomic challenges that he has to go through. This case report is expected to be an inspiration in improving public, academics, policy makers, and stakeholder awareness, related to leprosy handling problems in Indonesia, both problems for patient and survivors. Thus, it is ultimately expected to reduce the level of disability, promote equal rights for people with disabilities, and support the realization of leprosy elimination nationally and internationally.

The determination of the Islamic calendar is paramount in Islam because it strongly relates to worship, like Ramadan fasting, eid-al-fitr, and zakat fitr. Many studies have examined young moon visibility criteria in many Muslim countries, such as Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Singapore. However, no study on the initiation of the Islamic month has been conducted in Australia, a Muslim-minority country with middle-eastern immigrants seeking jobs. One of Australia's most trusted organizations to announce the start of Hijri month is Moonsighting Australia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the determination of the Islamic calendar by Moonsighting Australia organization based on factors such as method, matla, rukyat time, hilāl visibility, and resistors (1 Dzulhijjah 1441 H). A descriptive study with a qualitative approach used literature reviews, content analysis, and case studies. Primary data were taken from a decision letter from Moonsighting Australia about the start of Dzulhijjah 1441 H, interviews with the coordinator, and relevant references. The findings showed that Moonsighting Australia applies a rukyat method by the naked eye - without any optical aids and hilāl visibility criteria consideration - every 29th of Hijri month. Also, it tunes the concept of matla wilayat al hukmi, where the sighting process and result are implemented throughout Australia’s territory. Keywords: Australia, Dzulhijjah, Hijri, Islamic Month, Moonsighting.

The popular uprising brought forth change in Tunisian presidential palace during 2011 as it entered a state of liminality while becoming a consolidated democracy from authoritarianism. However, after a decade of democratic transition, only the democratic success story of the Arab Spring is in danger after the decree of Tunisian President. This article aims to highlight that by using Article 80 of the constitution, President has seized more power; and it narrates how it contradicts the constitution and negatively impact on political scenario. Furthermore, this study provides an analysis that how certain regional countries are trying to jeopardize the democratic system. Thus, the Islamic movement of Tunisia has been possessing a lion share on Country’s political arena and is considered as the vanguard of Islamic identity and democratic process since 2011 revolution. Finally, it concludes that amid a lenient policy of Rashid Al-Ghannouchi, the founder of the Movement and speaker of the Parliament, towards Islamic doctrine in Tunisian political arena, coup from Tunisian president. Leadership of Al-Nahdah again playing a vital role to stable political climate through dialogue, but it seems that the situation is still in danger. In this article, the primary and secondary data has been analyzed by using Discourse analysis method with its approach of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). Keywords: Authoritarianism, Constitutional imploration, Democracy, Ennahda, islamic movement, Political crises, Presidential coup, Tunisia

Fo Guang Shan (FGS), a transnational Buddhist movement in the Chinese Mahāyāna tradition, has grown rapidly in the last fifty years to become a global network of close to 180 branch temples. For almost thirty years, FGS Oceania has invested heavily in the Buddha’s Birthday Festival annually in the form of weekend-long festivals in public spaces across Australia and New Zealand, involving months of planning and thousands of volunteers to welcome tens of thousands of visitors. FGS Oceania served as an incubator, exporter, and importer of innovations to make the Buddha, Dharma, and Sangha accessible to the public through these festivals. Here, we map the flows of such innovations among the headquarters in Taiwan, the Oceanic branches, and other regional headquarters to examine the dynamics of organisational learning that drive these innovations. Using a system of systems model, we argue that such flows were enabled by FGS’ culture of innovation and the independent yet collaborative nature of its transregional network.

Although, Indonesians are known as the most ‘tolerant’ nation but the radical turn of events over the period of time has transformed their religious tolerance into extremism. Therefore, several movements have started to alter Indonesia's Islamic model into a one more compatible with that of the Arab world. These are not social conflicts but could become reason of provoking different social conflicts. It has been claimed that these social conflicts occur because Indonesia has followed westernization, Christianization, secularism, liberalism and the unfair attitude of the West in the Middle East conflicts, especially between Palestine and Israel. The majority of Indonesians are Muslims therefore, democratization is studied thoroughly using a religious moderation theory in the context of Islamic religion and religious doctrine This study aims to discuss Fazlur Rahman's double movement hermeneutics as an Islamic moderation concept by using Qur’anic references. This moderation concept could be applied to the Indonesian context. A bibliographical survey and an interpretive method have been employed to reveal a specific nature of religious moderation, which prohibits Muslims from taking an extreme stance about religious provisions. Moderation is not limited to religious attitudes but includes all aspects of life. Therefore, this study implicates that if Fazlur Rehman’s Islamic moderation concepts are practiced comprehensively in Indonesia then social harmony would prevail as a social phenomenon. Keywords: Islamic doctrine, Religious moderation, Tafsir, Verse of the Qur’ān

Many people who suffered from COVID-19 symptoms have been diagnosed as positive for COVID-19. However, most of them did not want to reveal their COVID-19 status. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of religiosity, anxiety, and COVID-19 belief on the undeclared status of COVID-19 in Muslim youth. This study uses a cross-sectional design; researchers will conduct research on Muslim youth in North Sumatra Province, with the main criteria suspecting COVID-19. Researchers will provide informed consent to Muslim youth parents (in case there are Muslim youths aged 16-17 years) for seeking formal permission to participate in this research process. In this study, data was analyzed using chi-square and logistic regression with 95% confidence intervals. This research was conducted on 826 Muslim youth who are willing to be respondents and suspect COVID-19 with symptom or had a contact with the closest family member who is diagnosed positive for COVID-19. There was no influence between social economics in COVID-19 (p=0.709; 95% CI), religiosity (p=0.88; 95% CI), anxiety (p=0.147; 95% CI) on undisclosed status of COVID-19. The results of this study indicate that youth who do not believe in COVID-19 have 2,351 risk (1.27-432; 95% CI) on undisclosed status of COVID-19 compared to youth who believe in COVID-19 experience on undisclosed status of COVID-19. To reduce the risk of COVID-19 transmission caused by Undisclosed Status COVID-19, the Indonesian government must increase Muslim youth confidence in COVID-19. Keywords: Anxiety, Belief of COVID-19, Islamic Perspective, Muslim Youth, Religiosity, Undisclosed Status.

Pearl millet (Pennisetumglaucum (L.)) is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world after rice, wheat, maize and sorghum. A resolution adopted by the UN General Assembly on 3 March 2021 decided to declare 2023 as the International Year of Millets. Millet has been promoted due to its nutritional value and low irrigation requirement. In this study, pearl millet was selected for energy auditing, and its production amount is a direct function of energy input. The production of pearl millet needs to be augmented to fulfill an increasing demand. Pearl millet is produced using various sources of energy. This study was conducted to examine the energy use pattern of different categories of farmers, such as small, medium and large, for pearl millet production in Hisar district, Haryana, India. The energy was distributed in different operations, including preparatory tillage, sowing, interculture, fertilizer, irrigation, pesticide, harvesting, threshing and transportation. The source-wise energy (direct and indirect) and operation-wise energy consumption were calculated for all categories of farmers. The average energy input of small, medium and large farmers was 2849.09 MJ.ha−1, 3027.21 MJ.ha−1 and 4021.50 MJ.ha−1, respectively. The highest energy was consumed in fertilizer application (52%), with the lowest in seed (2%). The energy ratios of small, medium and large farmers were 3.92, 9.40 and 13.80, respectively. This study could improve the agricultural production systems of pearl millet regarding the energy values of the inputs and outputs.

Indigenous Mentawai on Siberut Island (Indonesia) consume sago and tubers as their staple foods. Since the early twentieth century, Dutch colonial officers, missionaries, migrants, and Indonesian state agencies have strongly encouraged the cultivation and consumption of rice in lieu of these native staples. While Mentawai find rice tastier, easier to serve, and more prestigious, they also discover that rice fails to satisfy their appetites or fortify their bodies. They show little interest in cultivating rice. Mentawai view rice as a symbol of modernity and associate it with powerful mainland people who have long diminished their autonomy. In this article, I argue that the desire to consume rice and the reluctance to produce it reflect a desire to be modern without losing autonomy. Further, this ‘rice ambiguity’ reveals that food is more than just a symbol of social processes and basic sustenance. Rather, food is a transformative agent that can be used to create, enact, and alter identities, values, and ideas.

Pandemi COVID-19 telah mengganggu pendidikan secara global, dengan meng­hancurkan bagi belajar dan kehidupan anak-anak; Salah satunya adalah hancurnya ketangguhan siswa. Ketangguhan memberdayakan orang untuk menerima dan beradaptasi dengan situasi buruk dan beradaptasi dengan pengalaman hidup yang sulit atau menantang. Ketangguhan adalah kemampuan untuk menahan kesulitan dan bangkit kembali dari peristiwa kehidupan yang sulit. Ketangguhan dapat dipelajari, membangun ketangguhan adalah proses di mana orang menjadi lebih baik dalam membingkai ulang pola pikir dan memanfaatkan pendekatan berbasis kekuatan untuk bekerja melalui rintangan. Namun dalam praktek, kita direcoki dengan mitos yang berbahaya tentang ketangguhan itu sendiri; Mitos itu berbahaya karena 5 alasan utama: biasanya diadakan, sering dinyatakan sebagai dikotomi, terkadang meng­andung benih kebenaran, membenarkan perilaku; dan sering dilembagakan, maka perlu dibongkar. Refleksi adalah cara yang dianggap tepat; Permasalahan dalam kajian ini adalah: Apa saja mitos ketangguhan diri siswa, Apakah strategi refleksi diri dapat membongkar mitos ketangguhan dan apa saja yang perlu dilakukan sebagai tindak lanjut terbongkarnya mitos dalam era new normal. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada metode literatur review dengan menerapkan 7 langkah. Sumber Informasi utama dari 2 artikel jurnal dan 7 publikasi Situs web yang menyediakan akses siap ke informasi dari semua jenis: Teridentifikasinya sejumlah 24 mitos ketangguhan yang berbahaya. Dari 24 mitos dilakukan refleksi untuk membongkar 8 mitos teratas. Terumuskannya model Systematic Self-Reflection yang baru; dimana penulis menambahkan dengan “membongkar mitos ketangguhan” pada “sistem kepercayaan yang tangguh - bebas peran/ pengaruh mitos”, sehingga model ini merupakan solusi yang lebih cerdas, strategis dan inventif bahkan berdampak, teristimewa di era pasca covid 19 ini.

Teaching English for Specific Purpose (ESP) for non-English Department students is challenging yet exciting since the teacher is required to be more creative in creating a teaching and learning strategy. The use of English for Engineering students is necessary to support the capability of their hard and soft skills. In ESP class, the students learn about vocabulary skills in terms of Engineering and other skills such as writing, reading, speaking, and listening. Those skills are learned correspondingly through some learning activities using applicable teaching strategies such as Project Based Learning (PBL). PBL is introduced as an educational approach focused on the student-centered method. In PBL, the students are given opportunities to explore their capabilities, build their confidence, and improve their motivation to prepare themselves for real work life. This research used a literature review as supportive evidence to measure the efficiency of PBL for teaching Civil Engineering students in semester 1 of the 2021/2022 academic year. Journals, books, and proceeding through computer and electronic databases are used as the basis for data collection. The result found that PBL is an effective and interesting approach that is suitable for teaching Engineering Students compared to traditional and lecture-based approaches. Moreover, PBL is appropriate to gain extensive knowledge of Civil Engineering concepts through intriguing learning activity that enhances the student’s confidence and motivation for real-world projects in the future.

Pemerintah China dan dunia selama masa pandemi COVID-19 memutuskan menutup sekolah secara nasional dan mengharuskan siswa untuk belajar online dari rumah. Artikel ini memiliki tujuan untuk menunjukkan problematika pembelajaran di era pandemi dan rekomendasinya. Studi literatur digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan berbagai problematika pembelajaran di era pandemi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kepustakaan (library research) dengan cara mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber literatur. Proses pengumpulan data artikel melalui open access website Google Scholar dan Scopus dengan tahun terbit 2020 hingga 2022. Proses pencarian literatur dimulai frasa kunci utama “pandemi Covid 19”, “pendidikan” dan “sekolah”. Studi literatur menggunakan 29 artikel untuk mendeskripsikan berbagai problematika pembelajaran di era pandemi. Pencarian literatur selama pandemi di berbagai negara dilakukan sebagai pendukung paper. Problematika psikologis merupakan yang terbanyak sekitar 80% dan sisanya kesehatan fisik Saat sekolah sudah kembali dibuka, pemulihan harus dilakukan dengan cepat dan tepat dengan alokasi dana tepat guna. Disimpulkan bahwa sekolah harus membudayakan cuci tangan yang ketat sebelum dan setelah makan menggunakan sabun dan air. Perlu merancang kursus konseling kelompok untuk psikologi siswa terhadap trauma serta untuk meningkatkan ketahanan siswa selama masa pandemi. Model pembelajaran daring dapat digabungkan dengan pembelajaran luring sehingga akan mengatasi kekurangan masing-masing model pembelajaran pada saat sekolah sudah kembali dibuka.

Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan menganalisis proses menerapkan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning serta menganalisa kelebihan dan kekurangan terhadap pemakaian model Discovery Learning pada pembelajaran matematika kelas V SD Negeri Kestalan 05 Surakarta. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yakni kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh bahwa proses menerapkan model pembelajaran Discovery Learning terdiri dari 6 langkah-langkah atau sintaks yaitu stimulus/rangsangan (stimulation), identifikasi masalah (problem statement), pengumpulan data (data collection), pengolahan data (data processing), pembuktian (verification), menarik kesimpulan (generalitation). Dengan menerapkan 6 langkah-langkah tersebut terdapat kelebihan dan kekurangan. Kelebihannya dapat membentuk peserta didik lebih aktif, dapat berpikir kritis secara kelompok maupun individu, membentuk kepribadian yang lebih percaya diri, dapat membantu memperkuat konsep diri, membantu meminimalisir sikap Skeptisme (keraguan), membantu mengembangkan memori dan komunikasi dalam berbagai situasi belajar, dapat menjalin kerjasama, dapat mengembangkan bakat dan kecakapan yang dimiliki, pengetahuan yang diperoleh dapat menguatkan pengertian, ingatan, dan transfer. Sedangkan kelemahannya membutuhkan waktu yang lebih lama, tidak efektif kepada sejumlah yang besar peserta didik, adanya kesalahpahaman diantara guru dan pembelajar, terdapat peserta didik yang tidak mampu melakukan penemuan, terdapat peserta didik yang berbincang dengan kawan lain dan berjalan di kelas.

The data and results of field observations show that Punggur Kecil Village is identical to the economically weak community and depends on agriculture for its livelihood which is to cultivate plants using inorganic fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizers are widely used by farmers, this is because they are more efficient and effective than organic fertilizers. Whereas the continuous use of chemical fertilizers causes the land to be damaged and cannot provide the carrying capacity for human life. This happens because the community does not have the knowledge and skills in processing household waste into organic fertilizer which is more environmentally friendly. Therefore, the abundance of natural resources in Bilayuk Village from the agricultural aspect cannot be utilized optimally due to limited human resources. The results showed that the material for processing household waste into organic compost using the Takakura method could be understood by 68% of the target audience, overall the participants liked the use of Takakura compost in the cultivation of vegetable crops produced by the distribution of 14% of participants who preferred inorganic fertilizers, 27 % prefer Takakura’s organic compost, and 59% like both. ==== Data dan hasil observasi lapangan menunjukkan bahwa Desa Punggur Kecil identik dengan masyarakat ekonomi lemah dan menggantungkan hidupnya dari pertanian apa adanya, yang dalam melakukan budi daya tanamannya menggunakan pupuk anorganik. Pupuk anorganik banyak digunakan oleh petani karena lebih efektif dan efisien daripada pupuk organik. Padahal, penggunaan pupuk kimia yang terus-menerus dapat menyebabkan lahan menjadi rusak dan tidak dapat memberikan daya dukung bagi kehidupan manusia. Hal tersebut terjadi karena masyarakat tidak mempunyai pengetahuai dan keterampilan dalam mengolah limbah rumah tangga menjadi pupuk organik yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu, melimpahnya sumber daya alam di Desa Bilayuk dari aspek pertanian tidak dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal karena keterbatasan sumber daya manusia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa materi pengolahan limbah rumah tangga menjadi kompos organik dengan metode Takakura dapat dipahami oleh 68% dari khalayak sasaran. Secara keseluruhan peserta menyukai penggunaan kompos Takakura dalam budi daya tanaman sayur-sayuran yang dihasilkan dengan pembagian 14% peserta yang lebih menyukai pupuk anorganik, 27% lebih menyukai kompos organik Takakura, dan 59% menyukai keduanya.

Unlike the tombs of other Islamic broadcasters, the tomb of Raden Mas Suryodilogo has not received good attentions from the government and the public. The main purpose of this community service is to publish this historical site through digitization in the form of making a video and an infographic poster. This project is implemented from February to July 2022 using the Asset-based Community Development (ABCD) approach which emphasizes a community-driven element. The service team has carried out eight stages starting from team formation, training of trainers, appreciation interviews, asset mapping, observation and literature studies, FGD, making videos and posters, socialization to monitoring, and evaluation. In general, societies in Pamboang realize that they have assets and potential including religious tourism in the form of relics of Raden Mas Suryodilogo so the team did not find any obstacles when mapping assets. The community is also actively involved and willing to participate at the time of image taking and to disseminate information through the output of this PkM. ==== Berbeda dengan makam tokoh penyiar Islam lainnya, makam Raden Mas Suryodilogo belum mendapat perhatian yang baik dari pemerintah dan masyarakat. Program pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan memublikasikan situs bersejarah tersebut melalui digitalisasi berupa pembuatan video dan poster infografis. PkM ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Juli tahun 2022 dengan menggunakan pendekatan Asset based Community Development (ABCD) yang menekankan unsur community driven. Tim pengabdi telah melaksanakan delapan tahapan yang dimulai dari pembentukan tim, training of trainers, wawancara apresiasi, pemetaan aset, observasi dan studi pustaka, FGD, pembuatan video dan poster, sosialisasi, hingga monitoring dan evaluasi. Secara umum, masyarakat menyadari bahwa mereka memiliki aset dan potensi wisata termasuk wisata religi berupa peninggalan Raden Mas Suryodilogo sehingga tim tidak menemukan kendala pada saat pemetaan aset. Masyarakat juga terlibat aktif dan bersedia untuk berpatisipasi pada saat pengambilan gambar hingga penyebaran informasi melalui output dari PkM ini.

One of the Tri Dharma of College institutions is a form of community service. This program aims to provide education and hands-on practice regarding environmental management and procedures for managing waste properly and correctly to fellow students at Pondok Modern Tazakka in Batang district, Central Java. This community service is carried out using a Service-Learning approach. Robert Sigmon (1979), described service-learning as an experiential educational strategy based on “reciprocal learning”. The target of this activity is the students at Pondok Modern Tazakka with a total of 77 people with the result’s hope that they can understand how to manage waste properly, especially in the living environment so that it would not create a further environmental problem. This activity uses the form of seminar and direct practice in the form of making mind mapping about their creative ideas on how to manage waste, this activity runs smoothly and it is very visible through the enthusiasm of the students engaged in each of the agendas. The results of this activity are hoped that the students can directly practice the knowledge gained from educational activities on waste management and the environment. ==== Salah satu Tri Dharma Perguruan Tinggi adalah adanya kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat. Program ini bertujuan untuk memberikan edukasi dan praktik langsung mengenai pengelolaan lingkungan dan tata cara mengelola sampah yang baik dan benar kepada para santriwan di Pondok Modern Tazakka di Kabupaten Batang, Jawa Tengah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan Service-Learning. Robert Sigmon (1979) menggambarkan Service-Learning sebagai strategi pendidikan pengalaman berdasarkan “Reciprocal Learning”. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah sejumlah 77 orang santriwan Pondok Modern Tazakka, dengan harapan mereka bisa memahami cara mengelola sampah, khususnya di lingkungan tempat tinggal mereka, agar tidak menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui seminar dan praktik secara langsung, yang berupa pembuatan mind mapping tentang ide-ide kreatif cara pengelolaan sampah. Kegiatan ini berjalan dengan lancar dan sangat terlihat antusiasme dari para santriwan saat mengikuti setiap acara yang diselenggarakan oleh tim PkM. Melalui kegiatan edukasi ini diharapkan agar para santriwan dapat mempraktikkan ilmu yang diperoleh untuk pengelolaan sampah dan lingkungan.

Basically everyone agrees that women and men are different. However this has led to the position of women in the family and society below men. The assumption that women should not have a higher position that men is one of the gender inequalities that can still be felt until now. A small example of this gender inequality can be found in a family environment. The main problem in this article is the difference in workload, as well as the use of the right to the rest and the right to enjoy a consolation by each gender in a family. The type of research method used in this article is a qualitative research method. And the legal research approach used in this study is a conceptual approach. The result showed that women had greater workload than men. And women also use the right to rest and enjoyy less consolation than men.

The determination of Indonesia's marine areas such as territorial sea boundaries, EEZ (Exclusive Economic Zone) boundaries and LK boundaries between Indonesia and neighboring countries is based on international law, one of which is UNCLOS 1982. Indonesia and the Philippines realize that it is important to determine the maritime boundaries of the two countries. The steps to determine maritime boundaries between Indonesia and the Philippines have been discussed since 1994, in a meeting between Senior Officials Regarding the Determination of Maritime Boundaries between Indonesia and the Philippines. Record of Discussions the First Senior Officials Meeting on the Delimitation of the Maritime Boundary Between Indonesia and the Philippines, Manado, 23–25 June 1994, At first the Philippines based on the Treaty of Paris in 1898, described its maritime territory in the form of a box by including Miangas Island into Philippine territory, but this method was not in accordance with the 1982 UNCLOS used by Indonesia as the basis for withdrawal maritime boundary line. This is done by the Philippines considering that territorial boundaries including the determination of its Exclusive Economic Zone are regulated in the Constitution of the country that adopted the provisions in the Treaty of Paris. However, it was only in December 2003 that it began to be realized in the form of a bilateral cooperation framework in the Joint Permanent Working Group on Maritime and Ocean Concerns (JPWGMOC). The International Agreement regarding the establishment of an Exclusive Economic Zone is one of Indonesia's steps to realize its goal as a prosperous maritime country, because this agreement is a space to formulate a National Ocean Development Policy.

As members of ASEAN, Indonesia and South Korea officially started diplomatic relations on September 17, 1973. Relations between Indonesia and South Korea are foreign bilateral relations between Indonesia and South Korea. Both countries share the vision, values and desire to contribute to the international community as a common middle power. This study aims to determine the extent of South Korean cultural diplomacy and how the role of the Korean Wave or Hallyu in the bilateral relations between South Korea and Indonesia. Relations between Indonesia and South Korea are getting closer because they are facilitated by cooperation in the field of culture. The entry of Hallyu phenomenon or Korean Wave in Indonesia is increasingly widespread and the interest of the Indonesian people towards Hallyu invites the response of the South Korean government to use Hallyu as a means to achieve closer cooperation in various fields; political, economic, social and culture.

This study discusses the role of Indonesia as a conflict mediator on the issue of the development of problems related to the sovereignty conflict of China which claims most of the South China Sea zone. This problem received intervention from a third country, one of which was the United States. Indonesia and other ASEAN member countries that claim parts of the South China Sea against China's policies are still in the discussion process and in the process of signing the draft SCS Code of Conduct with China.

This paper studies the concepts of statehood, governance and the ideal ruler in the Golden Horde literature through a synthesis of political thought, philosophy, religious ethics and poetry presented in a poem by Qutb named Husraw and Shirin (written in 1342). The first part of the paper provides an overview of the Golden Horde civilization and suggests that its intellectual culture accumulated the all-inclusive scholarly, literary and scientific achievements of that time with the most advanced scholarly and educational centers. The following parts provide a general idea about Qutb and his Husraw and Shirin, including its plot and main ideas. The last part analyses the concepts of statehood and an ideal ruler that are depicted in the poem within the framework of governance in Islam. The paper finds that, by referring to a famous love story between Husraw and Shirin, Qutb was able to address the needs of his era and society, and created an original composition through an intense creative processing of literary material that was available to him. Given the fact that the Golden Horde is among the less studied periods of Islamic history and intellectual thought, this paper is expected to contribute to the field positively. Keywords: Golden Horde, Governance in Islam, Husraw and Shirin, Justice, Qutb, The concept of ideal ruler in Islam, Statehood, Turkic literature, Women as rulers

This article critically analyzes the dominant opinion prevailing regarding the foundation of Islamic jurisprudence (uṣūl al-fiqh) which states that absolute independent juristic interpretation (al-ijtihād al-muṭlaq al-mustaqill) is no longer possible. Therefore, based on the belief that this level of interpretation requires the creation of a unique method for deriving legal rules (istinbāṭ), a method that arguably ended with the founders of the primary schools of law. This research inspects a new interpretive method which was not developed by late scholars. Consequently, the article uses legal reasoning as an interpretive method to criticize the previous opinions regarding Islamic Jurisprudence by using both textual and rational evidence. For instance, the preservation of religion and the continued renewal of convenient sources requires scholars to reach the highest level of interpretation (ijtihād). In addition, a connection to the legal reality of the time and rulings were necessary to adapt them, an issue dependent upon direct derivation of rulings from religious texts or the freedom to implement secondary forms of evidence. Therefore, this research concludes that the founders of the traditional law schools did not develop their foundations independently. Instead, they did so through constructive investigation and analysis. Their interpretations conformed to the Prophet’s (SAW) Companions. Such a process continued and future independent scholars followed their footsteps. In addition, the legal reality in every age saw the rise of individuals who positively impacted the renewal of the foundations of jurisprudence by interpreting Prophetic hadīth which required advanced interpretative skills. Keywords: Absolute Ijtihād, Ijtihād, Islamic law, Independent juristic reasoning, Madhāhib

Urban Muslim communities in Indonesia are growing in different cities. Not only as a forum where social interaction is established among Muslims, but also this urban Muslim community is transformed into a social institution, which is unique, and influencing the social order. There are various forms of urban communities, and one of them appears in the form of a majelis taklim (taklim-assembly): a community, which was established independently, and non-formally by the Muslim community. In its development, the majelis taklim was transformed into a non-formal educational institution that can increase the religious knowledge of the pilgrims, or participants who joined the majelis taklim. In this regard, the problem that arises is whether the existence of the majelis taklim and its Islamic learning process, automatically increase the religiosity of participants or pilgrims. In this case, this study aims to assert religiosity in Indonesian urban communities, through the influence of majelis taklim Islamic learning motivation and satisfaction on religious cognition and attitude. The Stata 16.0 multivariate regression analysis was also used to select 348 participants from 24 provinces. In this process, both the motivation and satisfaction of Islamic learning dynamically contributed to two religiosity dimensions of the urban communities (Majelis Taklim), namely cognitive and attitude. The results showed that religiosity was a complex concept not increased by just one dimension of a set of variables. However, it needs to be systematically improved through multiple variables. Keywords: Gender, Learning motivation, Learning satisfaction, Muslim urban communities; Majelis Taklim, Religiosity, Urban communities

Resumen El texto analiza la trayectoria política de diez mujeres mapuche en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Se basa en una investigación cualitativa cuyas principales técnicas metodológicas fueron la observación participante y la entrevista en profundidad. El texto se apoya en los enfoques de los feminismos decoloniales e indígenas para dar cuenta de las distintas tensiones que se expresan en las trayectorias políticas de estas mujeres, vinculadas a cuestiones como el género, la clase y su identidad mapuche urbana. El artículo revela que a pesar de que la participación política de las mujeres indígenas es heterogénea, se caracteriza por la conformación de redes y búsqueda de alternativas, tanto en espacios autónomos como institucionales. Abstract The text analyzes the political trajectory of ten Mapuche women in the city of Santiago de Chile. It is based on qualitative research whose main methodological techniques were participant observation and in-depth interview. The text draws on the approa- ches of decolonial and Indigenous feminisms to account for the different tensions expressed in the political trajectories of these women, linked to issues such as gender, class and their urban Mapuche identity. The article reveals that the political participation of indigenous women is heterogeneous. However, something that characterizes it is their work in the formation of networks and the search for alternatives, both in autonomous and institutional spaces.