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This thesis explores the role of Chinese historical digital games in reconstructing historical narratives and engaging players. By using narrative interviews and game analysis, the study examines how players interact with these games and how game communities react to them. The emotional attachment of players to historical elements in these games is identified, which can lead to harmful disputes, but also foster tolerance, empathy, and inspiration. The study reveals the potential of historical digital games to encourage civic responsibility and reflection on social issues, but also highlights the challenges posed by restricted artistic expression and game content censorship in China. The research concludes that historical digital games can serve as a unique form of historical narrative that not only ensures the survival of history in popular culture but also fosters a more ideal and attractive future. The study calls for further research on specific games to fully understand the potential of Chinese historical digital games in promoting critical thinking and civic responsibility.

Why is bargaining over territory so difficult? That domestic audiences often impose constraints on leaders in territorial bargaining is widely accepted, but not thoroughly explained. We argue that leaders rely on narratives of historical ownership to justify their territorial claims, which instill in their constituents a belief that the disputed territory already belongs to their side or had belonged to their side at some point in the past. By framing the territory as a loss to be averted rather than a gain to be pursued, historical ownership narratives elicit more risk-acceptant preferences from audiences due to reference dependence and the endowment effect. Our findings from a previous survey suggest that framing territorial dispute outcomes in loss terms significantly raises risk acceptance relative to gain-framed responses. We field a survey experiment in Chile to replicate these findings and test whether historical ownership narratives generate such framing effects.

2015 m. pabėgėlių krizės aptarimas Lietuvos naujienų portaluose rodė, kad trūksta sugyvenimo patirčių su galimais atvykėliais iš Artimųjų Rytų bei Šiaurės Afrikos regiono, į diskusijas įtraukiant ir istorinius pasakojimus, liudijančius lietuvių (Mūsų) ir kitataučių (Kitų) santykius. Tyrimu siekta išsiaiškinti, kaip naudotasi istoriniais naratyvais ar jų siužetais viešosiose nuomonėse siekiant pozicionuoti naują Kitą socialiniame žemėlapyje. Tyrimo lauku pasirinkti septyni interneto naujienų portalai, aktualūs regioniniu bei nacionaliniu lygmenimis. Duomenys rinkti dviem etapais. Pirmuoju išsiaiškinti vyraujantys diskursai, antruoju ieškota viešųjų pasisakymų, paremtų istoriniais pasakojimais. Pagal surinktą medžiagą sudarytos atitinkamos matricos, kuriose matyti Mūsų – Kitų išdėstymas, veiksnumo suteikimas, galimos sąveikos rezultatas, suponuojantis lūkesčius Kito atžvilgiu. Pasakojimų įvairovė nurodo naujo Kito suvokimo daugiasluoksniškumą. Atpažinta, kad buvo remiamasi homogeninės istorijos vizija, užuot ieškojus etniškai įvairių patirčių. Migrantams nebuvo suteiktas istorinis laikas, paliekant jų patirtis ar galimas perspektyvas nepažinias. In the year 2015 Europe was facing what appeared to be the worst migration crisis since World War II. Its coverage in Lithuanian media has spurred different voices to reach out for the audience: the country was facing the New Other, with whom there were no shared memories or experiences. Certain historic narratives and their motifs were invoked into discussion in order to embrace certain attitudes or actions while trying to comprehend the ongoing crisis: The Grand Duchy of Lithuania, World War II and Soviet Occupation. The two-staged research was done in order to reveal how historical narratives were used to comprehend the possible newcomers and project outcomes of positioning migrants. 7 major news portals were used as a source of research, chosen by its importance or audience reach on national and regional levels with key words “pabėgėlis” (refugee), “migrantas” (migrant), “nelegalas” (illegal person), “bėglys” (fugitive), “atbėgėlis” (arrival). At the first stage, trending discourses and keywords were revealed, while during the 2nd the usage of historical narratives while positioning the newcomers was analysed. Data is divided according to historic moments that were used. Matrices of positioning self-other, attributing the agency and the outcome with possible suggestion of what to expect from the Others and how to comprehend them were drawn. Results revealed that the multicultural GDL narrative was used for distancing and traumatic WWII and Soviet occupation narrations were the ones to bring migrants closer for a momentary lapse. Variety of historical passages highlights the ongoing struggle of creating the face of the New other. Narrations are done in homogenic manner instead of charging stories with ethnically diverse experiences, resulting in not giving migrants an historical time.

espanolEste articulo proporciona un analisis en profundidad y una discusion sobre la teoria historico-global del Auge de Occidente durante el inicio de la Edad Moderna y la tradicionalmente llamada Edad de los Descubrimientos. Esta teoria se aborda desde el punto de vista de la educacion historica con el fin de cuestionar y proveer un examen critico de este marco. Por un lado, el controvertido estado de la cuestion de este tema se detalla, focalizandose en los principales debates teoricos y algunas de las ideas en debate mas destacadas. Por otro lado, se presenta una discusion sobre algunos de los requisitos especiales y las condiciones esenciales para la implementacion de la idea del Auge de Occidente en el curriculo. Estas nociones estan vinculadas a las narrativas tradicionales y actuales que pueden encontrarse en los contextos nacionales aleman y espanol. Desde este punto de vista, las politicas de la Historia de los dos paises son presentadas y, junto a ello, y con el objetivo de proveer de alguna ejemplificacion, una seleccion de libros de texto de decadas anteriores ha sido examinada para analizar la forma en la que algunas de estas narrativas y temas se presentan. Una serie de categorias, incluidos los mitos historicos, el Auge de Occidente como una categoria especial, asi como su dimension institucional son tambien discutidas para presentar el potencial de la teoria y algunas de las limitaciones que fueron detectadas desde la perspectiva de la educacion historica. EnglishThis article provides an in-depth analysis and discussion of the global-historical theory of the so-called Rise of the West during the Early Modern Age and the commonly named Age of Discovery. This theory is covered from the point of view of history education in order to question and provide a criticial examination of the framework. On the one hand, the controversial state of research of the topic is outlined, focusing on the main theoretical debates and some of the most noteworthy ideas under discussion. On the other hand, a discussion is also provided regarding some of the special requirements and essential conditions for an implementation of the idea of the Rise of the West in the curriculum. These notions are linked to both the traditional and current narratives that can be found in the German and Spanish national contexts. From this point of view, the politics of history of both nations are outlined, and, in addition, in order to provide some exemplifications, a selection of history textbooks from previous decades have been also examined in order to analyze the way some of the narratives and these themes are presented. A series of categories, including historical myths, and the Rise of the West as a special category, as well as its institutional dimensions are also discussed in order to showcase the potential of the theory and some of the shortcomings that were detected from the perspective of history education.

In this paper I discuss the deep impact of Immanuel Wallerstein’s work on the vibrant field of world and global history. I focus on the questions of scale, ambition, and convergence and divergence. I conclude with some epistemological reflections on the challenges and limits of a world-historical perspective.

There has been among historians, philosophers, and semioticians a growing awareness of the theoretical strata involved in the writing of history. Within historical narratives we can find at least three major levels of theory: (i) the naming of events according to everyday concepts; (ii) the interpretation of the class of plot best fitted to the web of events to be narrated; and (iii) the implicit or explicit formal framework employed for systematic narrative. Like medical diagnosis, history applies general knowledge to singular situations; like history, medicine describes events, creates storylines, and draws on general models. This likeness is politically relevant when history is taken as another, higher kind of diagnosis: that of a national malaise in need of political cure. As an empirical case, we analyze a number of historical theories formulated as historical diagnoses in traumatic twentieth-century Spain, and then test the link between theories and therapies. Resumo: Houve entre historiadores, filósofos e semioticistas uma crescente consciência dos estratos teóricos envolvidos na escrita da história. Dentro de narrativas históricas, podemos encontrar pelo menos três níveis principais de teoria: (i) a nomeação de eventos de acordo com conceitos cotidianos; (ii) a interpretação da classe de enredo melhor ajustada à rede de eventos a serem narrados; e (iii) a estrutura formal implícita ou explícita empregada para a narrativa sistemática. Como o diagnóstico médico, a história aplica o conhecimento geral a situações singulares; como a história, a medicina descreve eventos, cria enredos e baseia-se em modelos gerais. Essa semelhança é politicamente relevante quando a história é tomada como um outro tipo de diagnóstico mais elevado: o de um mal-estar nacional que necessita de cura política. Como caso empírico, analisamos várias teorias históricas formuladas como diagnósticos históricos na Espanha traumática do século XX e testamos a ligação entre teorias e terapias.

In this article, I use the lens of critical family history—and the history of the Doane family—to undertake an analysis of Anglo-American settler colonialism in the New England region of the United States. My standpoint in writing this narrative is as a twelfth-generation descendant of Deacon John Doane, who arrived in Plymouth Colony circa 1630 and whose family history is intertwined with issues of settler colonial conquest and dispossession, enslavement, erasure, and the creation of myths of origin and possession. This analysis is also grounded in the larger contexts of the history of New England and the history of the United States. I conclude with a reflection upon the implications of settler colonial myths and historical erasure for current racial politics in the United States.

On 30 September 2016, the University of Leeds hosted a one-day conference entitled “Consuming Heritage: Identity, Culture and Heritage”, organised by Michael Samuel, a television studies PhD candidate in the University’s School of Languages, Cultures and Societies. The conference received financial support from the White Rose College of the Arts and Humanities. The keynote speaker was Professor Andrew Higson (York). Speakers were invited to consider issues of identity and heritage, arising from artistic reinterpretations of the past. In the call for papers, the organiser drew upon the work of Jerome de Groot.

This article examines the significant contribution of the cinema usherette to the pleasure of cinema-going, particularly during the 1930s-1950s. Through analyses of oral history interviews undertaken with former cinema usherettes, archival research, personal and official photographs and related epiphenomena, this paper will show how the presence of the cinema usherette functioned as an ideologically charged mediator between the cinema audience and broader discourses of desire, femininity and identity in primarily British cinemas. This examination will also illustrate how this has shaped the now familiar image of the cinema usherette as an erotically charged female figure, which can now be seen in popular cultural representations. And finally, it will explore the somewhat unusual position that the usherette occupied as an audience within an audience, revealing insights from which to consider potential new discussions in the field of audience studies.

The article, using discourse analysis, examines critically the role of language and ideology in presenting historical narratives in explaining how do representations of the revolution by different historians, from diverse ideological backgrounds, compare to the depiction of the same events, in this case the October Revolution of 1917, in Russian school textbooks. The article demonstrates that history educators, both locally and globally, have made sense of the October 1917 Revolution in Russia in diverse ways. These different interpretations reflect the way in which meaning is created in history, depicting historical events. Although the October Revolution of 1917 played a significant part in the nation-building process in the USSR, as demonstrated by Soviet school textbooks, its political significance was minimized in the first-generation post-Soviet history textbooks after 1992. However, current prescribed Russian history textbooks for senior secondary students, which are approved by the Ministry of Education and Science, now regard the Russian Revolution as a significant part of a foundation narrative, representing a re-invented new metanarrative. The article analyses both Western and Russian history researchers analysing different historical narratives depicting Russian revolution in school textbooks.

History has long been recognised as a strategic and organisational resource. However, until recently, the advantage conferred by history was attributed to a firm’s ability to accumulate heterogeneous resources or develop opaque practices. In contrast, we argue that the advantage history confers on organisations is based on understanding when the knowledge of the past is referenced and the reasons why it is strategically communicated. We argue that managers package this knowledge in historical narratives to address particular organisational concerns and audiences. As well, we show that different historical narratives are produced with the goal of achieving different organisational outcomes. The success of an organisation is thus dependent on the ability of its managers to skilfully develop historical narratives that create a strategic advantage.

This dissertation is a study of popular history in Sweden from the late 1980’s to the mid 1990’s. The aim is to investigate and discuss Peter Englund’s and Herman Lindqvist’s historical accounts and their roles as public historians during the studied period. The study problematizes recurring issues in Sweden’s popular historical tradition, including the balance between cultivation and entertainment, culture and commercialism, academic and journalistic prose, impersonal style and the author as media celebrity. The focus is on the narrative structure of Eng­lund’s and Lindqvist’s historical accounts, the mediated meaning of these accounts, and the mediated meaning of Englund and Lindqvist as popular historians. The analyses show that both Englund and Lindqvist developed a popular history that had its own constitutive character as a response to, and in contrast to, academic history, and it was based on their awareness of history as a public phenomenon. In different ways, both Englund and Lindqvist assent to more existential historical topics that the historical research had a limited interest in and under­­­standing of, such as people's dreams, beliefs and life stories. In Englund’s more academic and complex popular history the appeal to the audience's reason and critical judgement and discernment is central. At the same time, he consistently appeals to the audience's emotions and the commercial success testifies to his ability to also sustain the audience’s interest, benevolence, confidence and sympathy. Lindqvist’s distinctly commercially oriented popular history, on the other hand, primarily involves appealing to the audience’s emotions and sympathy, which are clearly prioritized at the expense of the appeal to reason and critical judgement. If Englund’s historical accounts can be characterized as being criti­­­cally educating and entertaining the audience, Lindqvist’s historical accounts can be characterized as informative entertainment. Among the general conclusions are that both Englund’s and Lindqvist's historical accounts lacked links to contemporary political, social or popular educational movements and therefore affirm claims that the dominant historical culture in Sweden from the 1980’s until the 2000’s was mainly characterized by history having become a personal interest or hobby.

Straipsnyje nagrinėjama istorijos naratyvų, mitų ir simbolių reikšmė Vilniaus, kaip sovietinės Lietuvos sostinės, naujojo tapatumo formavimuisi. Vilnius nebuvo išimtis sovietinių sostinių kūrimo kontekste – konstruotas ideologinis šalies gyvenimo centras. Sovietinis režimas, siekdamas šio tikslo, pertvarkinėjo miestą taip, kad šis ne tik tiktų gyventi „naujajam sovietiniam žmogui“, bet ir pasikeistų jo istorinė tapatybė – stengtasi ištrinti iš žmonių atminties šimtmečiais kurtą istoriją ar, atsižvelgiant į sovietinės ideologijos kanonus, perinterpretuoti ją ir konstruoti naują jos versiją. Vilniaus istorijos „perrašymas“ akivaizdžiai matomas fiziniame miesto paveiksle – architektūrinėje ir urbanistinėje jo raidoje. Taip pat šį naujosios miesto tapatybės kūrimą atspindi sovietmečiu pakeisti miesto toponimai, pastatyti paminklai, memorialinės vietos, reprezentaciniai pastatai – visi sovietinio režimo galią viešojoje erdvėje simbolizuojantys materialūs ženklai. Tiek šie, materialūs, tiek ir nematerialūs galios raiškos dėmenys – konstruojamas naujas sovietinio miesto istorijos naratyvas, politinę galią legitimuojantys miesto mitai (revoliucinės praeities, Antrojo pasaulinio karo, sovietinėje retorikoje vadinamo Didžiuoju Tėvynės karu) bei pažangos idėja – padėjo kurti naująją miesto gyventojų tapatybę ir indoktrinuoti visuomenę. This article analyses the importance of historical narratives, myths and symbols in the process of the formation of the Soviet identity of Vilnius, the capital of Lithuania. Throughout the Soviet period Vilnius was one of the Soviet capitals where the regime made every effort to modify the identity of the city in compliance with the prevailing Soviet ideology: to establish the ideological centre of the country, to shape the city so that it would meet the needs of the new 'Soviet citizen' and to alter its historical identity - erase the old historic sites, historical memory and form the new identity of the city. The most obvious manifestations of 'rewritten' history can be observed in the physical shape of the city - its architectural/urban development, changes of street names and the erection of new Soviet monuments. The said tangible signs and symbols of authority as well as the intangible ones - new historic narrative of the Soviet city, myths about its having a revolutionary past, the Great Patriotic War and the idea of progress were aimed at the legitimation of the regime, the formation of the citizenry 's new identity and social indoctrination.

With the rise of China's status on international stage as a result of its economic development there is an increasingly audible voice of Chinese cultural nationalism. More and more educators and intellectuals are calling for the revival of Chinese traditional culture values. However, the very issues of who are the Chinese and what are traditional Chinese cultural values present a huge dilemma. The debates on a recent a TV program "General Shi Lang" consist a good case to illustrate this dilemma. Shi Lang was a general of the last days of the Ming Dynasty, but had surrendered to the Manchu Qing dynasty invaders and fought for the Machus take over Taiwan from a Chinese ruler. The debates show that the dilemma has its cause in at least three issues. First, it is not at all obvious who should be categorized as Chinese. Secondly, it is not at all obvious what Chinese cultural values are. And finally it is the issue of evaluation of traditional values against the universal claim of the values of liberal democracy.

A reconquista da cidade de Salvador pelas forças da Monarquia Católica em 1625 foi um grande feito bélico. A abundância de testemunhos, relatos e histórias da batalha são tantos elementos que certificam a importância do acontecido para seus contemporâneos. Um exame detido dessa literatura é capaz de mostrar uma oposição, ainda que dissimulada, entre fidalgos portugueses e castelhanos: eles disputavam a proeminência nos feitos bélicos e a honra do desempenho vitorioso. Festejada, narrada e comemorada, a Batalha da Bahia acabou por se transformar num acontecimento revelador de tensões entre fidalgos de Portugal e de Castela, que iria alimentar uma dissensão mais que secular e que viria a tomar corpo em dezembro de 1640. The reconquering of the city of Salvador by the Catholic Monarquic Forces was a belic enterprise of great impact. The abundance of narrations, stories and live accounts of the battle testify to its importance for their contemporaries. A detailed exam of this literature shows the opposition, even if veiled, between the "Fidalgos" from Portugal and from Castela: they both claimed proeminence of belic achievements and the merit of victorious deeds. The Battle of Bahia, narrated and celebrated to great extent, turned out to be revealing of the tensions between the "fidalgos" of Portugal and Castela, which in turn would give rise to a discution more than secular eventually embodying itself in December 1640.