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The preparation for the performance of the typically female profession of midwives have passed since inheriting from the monarchy to the reform of the health care system in Czechoslovakia in the 1960s with major changes. It was a process of gradual professionalization of professional training, as well as the practice of midwives itself, which at the end of the monitored period was concentrated almost exclusively in hospitals. The changing requirements for the work of midwives were determined by the development of medicine, but also by social changes, which were reflected in the demands of this profession. The paper is focused on the characterization of content and institutional changes in the training of midwives in Slovakia, the conditions of their work and the development of the institutional framework for the exercise of this profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Czech Journal of Historical Heritage Preservation / Zpravy Pamatkove Pece is the property of Narodni Pamatkovy Ustav and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ivan Diviš's My Eyes had to See (1987-1989) can be considered one of the finest poetic creations and performances of Czech poetry at the end of the 20th century. Its powerful effect lies in the fact that it combines poetic testimony, (auto)biographical intimacy, a suprapersonal, generally applicable message and a reflection on universal history and the modern Czech history of the last century in both fiction and fact. It is as if the identity of the poet is actually determined by the testimony: the poet is the one who sees, must see, and bear witness to what he sees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the mid-1970s, the relationship between Czechoslovakia and Austria determined decisively the context of the Cold War. Some easing of tensions in international politics enabled the signing of a property settlement agreement in December 1974. The signing of that document started the beginning of gradual improvement to the bilateral relationship. Evidence of improvement of mutual relations was provided on 23-26 April 1975 by the first official stay of the Austrian Foreign Minister in the history of Czechoslovakia. While Erich Bielka emphasized human rights issues, Czechoslovak officials wanted to talk mainly about deepening trade cooperation. Meanwhile, the hosts anxiously avoided controversial topics to give the impression of the beginning of a new phase of relations with Austria. However, Vienna evaluated the sudden turn of the Czechoslovak communists with a certain distrust. Erich Bielka strictly observed the department's competencies and therefore refused to make any binding promises. To this, his subordinate was probably instructed by the Federal Chancellor Bruno Kreisky, who assessed the whole situation with cautious optimism. A long and often the winding process led to a further deepening of Czechoslovak-Austrian cooperation in the following years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In our paper we deal with testaments of clergymen in the Kingdom of Hungary in the Middle Ages in relation with bishops and archbishops. As the highest ranked officials of the Church, bishops represented guarantees and protectors of testamentary law of clerics. Their episcopal power became a pledge for practical exercise of their testamentary law in the kingdom. They performed tasks as witnesses, executors or they provided confirmation of last wills in higher ranks of the hierarchy. At the same time they were recipients of various testamentary messages in material, financial or spiritual forms or they formed messages of such kinds. In our paper we also analyze personal testaments of bishops and archbishops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Juznoslovenski Filolog is the property of Serbian Academy of Sciences & Arts, Institute for the Serbian Language and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Work Forum / Fórum Sociální Práce is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to develop at least a part of a voice which is still difficult to understand in the Czech language environment, the voice of the others, (ex-rivals), the ‘expelledʼ, and to anchor it in the work and politics of remembering, registering and writing history of one specific author (we are talking about the continuity of perspective: about fidelity to images, local mythology, its logic). For thirty years, Alfred Klaar (born as Karpeles in 1848 in Prague) co-established Prague discourse in German language from various positions (as a journalist, theatre critic, representative of various societies, ceremony speaker, associate professor of the local German polytechnic etc.). When he moved to Berlin in July 1899, he was almost fifty-one years old. He left his home (both in the narrow sense of the word, as well as the wider sense of ‘Austrian homeʼ, so important to him), but he always kept the world he had lived in for so long in his mind and preserved many links with it in spite of the geographical distance. He also returned to his homeland on various occasions (funerals and other ceremonies, lectures) and he also remained talked about primarily among the Prague German circles; as a piece of memorabilia he was dusted and remembered in stories, and at the same time rightfully seen and honoured as a foreign envoy and speaker of compatriot cultural and political interests. Klaar spoke about Prague, his ‘father townʼ, and the lands near the Prussian border through the history of the German-speaking enclave, while Czechs only occurred sporadically in his retrospect writing. He repeated his thesis about an environment destroyed by ‘Slavic egoismʼ and belligerence, he spoke of the role of the German community in Czech lands as a heroic cultural mission, ungratefully displaced by the dominant policy of Czechisation in the second half of the 19th century, which strived to ‘impress upon the city a unilateral Slavic characterʼ. Only with reluctance did he adapt to the factual geopolitical development — he saw the post-war situation of the German minority in Czechoslovakia as a continuation of unfair marginalisation of his fellow countrymen.

The paper analyzes in depth two works by the Cameroonian writer Léonora Miano. This author represents the contemporary migration writing coming from Subsaharan Africa, denotated sometimes as migritude and dealing with subjects such as migrations, exiles, hybridity, postcolonialism and post-postcolonialism and the individual vs collective experience. The paper focuses more closely on one particular aspect of her writing: the representation of the historical memory of Africa, through the newly established Afropean identity of her characters, who strive to find their place between Europe and Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Drawing its methodological inspiration from A History of New Modernism. Czech Literature, 1905–1923 (2010), this study aims to present the development of Czech literature over the course of a single year: 1929. The objective, however, is not to portray the literary events and literary production of this year in the manner of a chronicle, nor in their entirety, but to capture certain ‘nodal’ characteristics of the imagination and literary language. There is one event that allows the author to take this approach — i.e. to identify themes, images and figures that are typical of the artistic discourse of the period —, namely the publication of Richard Weiner’s The Barber-Surgeon. The themes, motives, and figures found in this text (dream and dream writing, language, failure, literary polemics) constitute a point of departure for grasping the dominant features of a literary period which is otherwise rather amorphous. By virtue of Weiner’s poetics, a thread of sense begins to emerge, and eventually the ‘story’ or ‘drama’ of 1929, out of the re-constructed configurations and correlations of several different literary texts. Through its ‘otherness’, Weiner’s ‘dream poetics’ separated itself from the universalizing aesthetic concept of its time, thus falling ‘out of the picture’ from the perspective of literary history. By contrast, the author considers it as the central feature of a network of relations among a number of texts published in 1929: the short story AM from Jakub Deml’s collection My Purgatory; the poem The New Icarus by Konstantin Biebl; Karel Čapek’s Tales from Two Pockets; Jaroslav Durych’s essay on Poetics; and Vladislav Vančura’s novel The Last Judgement. The themes and figures under consideration here — poetics, dreams, dream writing and literary polemics — are all related to the writer’s self-consciousness in the creative process and the attention paid by the writer to material elements of the work. This manifests itself as an interest in the question of poetics and in a vivid ‘linguistic awareness’, which is also manifested in the widespread interest in questions of language and the culture of language that Czech linguists, especially those associated with the Prague Linguistic Circle, studied in accordance with — and in dialogue with — contemporary trends in modern art. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claudelʼs geopolitics are torn between the founding myth of a Catholic central Europe, agitated by heresy and schism, and a disenchanted and melodramatic realism. His writing incorporates his lived experience of Bohemia in Prague, then of Poland in Germany, in order to idealize it in his spiritual poetry, critique it in his diary, and reveal its tragic impasses in his theater.

Marx's Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts are usually interpreted as a transitional work between different elements of Feuerbach's and Hegel's philosophy which are still strongly present in the work of young Marx, and between Marx's mature historical materialism. In the present text, we will try to show (with reference to the recent discussions on "young Marx", especially in the French context), that the Manuscripts, in fact, contain an ontology that cannot be reduce either to a mere residuum of classical German philosophy, or to a materialist conception of social life. We shall try to describe this original ontology as an ontology of the sensible, or as an ontology of the finitude of human sensibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with the sacrament of baptism in three perspectives. First it shows how baptism is incorporated in the historical existence of a Christian and constitutes the foundational event not only of the history of the human person in general, but of the history of salvation of every human person. The second perspective develops the soteriological character of baptism. In light of Christ’s salutary work seen within the so called “soteriological arch” (H. U. von Balthasar) the scope of transformation of the human subject is shown. The third part perceives the human subject incorporated by the Holy Spirit in the whole of the Church which is sacramentally ordered. The conclusion summarizes the basic theses of the paper. Patřit Kristu a patřit do církve: příběh každého křesťana. Ekleziologická reflexe nad svátostí křtu Článek pojednává o svátosti křtu ve trojí perspektivě. Nejprve ukazuje, jak se křest začleňuje do dějinné existence křesťana a vytváří základní událost nejen obecně dějin lidské osoby, ale dějin spásy každé lidské osoby. Druhá perspektiva rozvádí soteriologický rys křtu. Ve světle Kristova spásného díla, nahlédnutého v rámci tzv. soteriologického oblouku (H. U. von Balthasar) je ukázán dosah proměny lidského subjektu. Třetí část nahlíží lidský subjekt Duchem svatým začleněný do celku církve, jež je uspořádána jako svátostný řád. Závěr shrnuje základní teze článku.

Copyright of Social Work Forum / Fórum Sociální Práce is the property of Charles University Prague, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Przeklady Literatur Slowianskich is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Slaskiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the paper is to develop at least a part of a voice which is still difficult to understand in the Czech language environment, the voice of the others, (ex-rivals), the 'expelled', and to anchor it in the work and politics of remembering, registering and writing history of one specific author (we are talking about the continuity of perspective: about fidelity to images, local mythology, its logic). For thirty years, Alfred Klaar (born as Karpeles in 1848 in Prague) co-established Prague discourse in German language from various positions (as a journalist, theatre critic, representative of various societies, ceremony speaker, associate professor of the local German polytechnic etc.). When he moved to Berlin in July 1899, he was almost fifty-one years old. He left his home (both in the narrow sense of the word, as well as the wider sense of 'Austrian home', so important to him), but he always kept the world he had lived in for so long in his mind and preserved many links with it in spite of the geographical distance. He also returned to his homeland on various occasions (funerals and other ceremonies, lectures) and he also remained talked about primarily among the Prague German circles; as a piece of memorabilia he was dusted and remembered in stories, and at the same time rightfully seen and honoured as a foreign envoy and speaker of compatriot cultural and political interests. Klaar spoke about Prague, his 'father town', and the lands near the Prussian border through the history of the German-speaking enclave, while Czechs only occurred sporadically in his retrospect writing. He repeated his thesis about an environment destroyed by 'Slavic egoism' and belligerence, he spoke of the role of the German community in Czech lands as a heroic cultural mission, ungratefully displaced by the dominant policy of Czechisation in the second half of the 19th century, which strived to 'impress upon the city a unilateral Slavic character'. Only with reluctance did he adapt to the factual geopolitical development -- he saw the post-war situation of the German minority in Czechoslovakia as a continuation of unfair marginalisation of his fellow countrymen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of present work, based on the study of the original archive materials, seeks to mention at the problematic of the national educational system in provincial ambient of Bratislava archidiaconatus in the age of modern times, accordingly in the 17. century. As we advise of that further, there was the area with ethnicly and religiously mixed population, however with dominance of Slovak nation and roman catholic religion. In our work we monitor the amount of schools in this age, their level, condition, the number of scholars, eventually the person of teacher and his total receipts, in that criterion, in the quality of relevant historical fonts. In the complicated process of self-awakening nations the educational system represented unsubstitutable role, which was in the age of modern times furthest the affair of churches. Only enlightenical monarchs testified greater interest in the educational system, which became the part of their state cultural politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Slavica Litteraria is the property of Masaryk University, Faculty of Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study identifies footnotes included in the agricultural calendar published by the Moravian-Silesian Society for Advancement of Agriculture in Brno. On the basis of many features, it has been found out that the owner of the calendar and the author of notes was Johann Nepomuk Spatzier, who practiced in Krnov, a natural scientist and historian from the 1830s to the 1880s, one of the founders of local history in Bohemian Silesia. Notes are transcribed and followed by a comment which reveals author's interests (professional interests, contacts with friends and acquaintances in Krnov and its surroundings). Th ey enable his identifi cation with a romantically oriented natural science represented by German and Austrian authorities which are mentioned in the text, then observing natural phenomena themselves, and also with elites arousing from the civic society in Bohemian Silesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Claudel's geopolitics are torn between the founding myth of a Catholic central Europe, agitated by heresy and schism, and a disenchanted and melodramatic realism. His writing incorporates his lived experience of Bohemia in Prague, then of Poland in Germany, in order to idealize it in his spiritual poetry, critique it in his diary, and reveal its tragic impasses in his theater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the paper is to introduce several rare prints from the 17th and 18th centuries preserved in the collections of the Research Library in Olomouc that have connection to the history of China. These are a monumental richly illustrated encyclopedic work of Jean Baptiste Du Halde containing a description of the Chinese world, politics, culture, nature etc., a similar print of the Dutch traveler Johan Nieuhof, debut of the Dutch teacher and geographer Arnold Montana, also richly colored book called Flora Sinensis written by famous Polish Jesuit Michał Boym, which Athanasius Kircher used as a source for his work named China Illustrata, a book of Matthias Tanner containing biographies of Jesuit missionaries, including those who worked in China, and last but not least, well known Atlas Sive Cosmographicae Meditationes maps China‘s territory written by the founder of modern cartography Gerardus Mercator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of E-Pedagogium is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of E-Pedagogium is the property of Palacky University in Olomouc and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Constantine's Letters / Konštantínove Listy is the property of Institute for Research of Constantine & Methodius's Cultural Heritage and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study briefly outlines the history of narratology from its beginnings in France in the 1960s to the present. It presents basic theoretical and methodological starting points used in a narratological research of narration, the most important theoretical concepts and directions and their representatives. It is divided into three parts, in which the author deals with three stages of development of this discipline in detail. The first stage represents the "classical narratology" substantially shaped by Structuralism. The second stage corresponds with the development of the "post-classical narratologies" (comparative, applied, ethnic narratologies). The third stage, the "new narratology", strives to return to the Structuralist beginnings of the field, though it focuses more closely on the study of context and analysis of the anthropological sources of narration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Listy Cukrovarnicke a Reparske is the property of VUC Praha a.s. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)