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The reign of England's Mary Tudor has long been examined by historians for her regime's extensive use of propaganda to attempt to convert her populace from Protestantism to Catholicism. These explorations, however, ignore the regime's employment of other communications strategies, particularly public relations, as key components of its conversion efforts. This paper furthers the discussion of how propaganda and public relations are differentiated and examines and reinterprets the Marian government's activities from a public relations perspective with the goal of continuing to establish a more comprehensive history of public relations and to explore the impact of public relations activities versus pure propagandistic techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although L. Ron Hubbard is known for founding the Church of Scientology, he is not generally considered a public relations practitioner. However, his efforts to practice the discipline to advance Scientology are documented in Church publications. Unlike examinations of older religions, which require reinterpretations of activities through a public relations lens, existing Church documents allow for an evaluation of the role public relations played in building a religious movement. This article explores how Hubbard used public relations to establish Scientology, finding he embraced practices such as celebrity endorsement and image management but eschewed common media relations and crisis communication practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]