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2. 'Life Histories' and the History of Modern South Asia

Author

Judith M. Brown

Subjects
Archeology, History, South asia, media_common.quotation_subject, Museology, Character (symbol), Historical evidence, Independence, Argument, Wife, Tracking (education), Classics, media_common
Abstract

PEOPLE OFTEN REFER TO MY ACCOUNTS of the lives of two of modern India's "founding fathers," M. K. Gandhi and Jawaharlal Nehru, as "biographies."1 However, I do not see myself as a biographer, or these works as biographies, in the accepted sense of tracking and interpreting a life from the cradle to the grave, and, more problematically, of taking the individual as the only intellectual and analytical center of the argument. Readers who look for that sort of account of the life of these two men will find areas of their lives dealt with in passing rather than in depth, precisely because they do not illuminate the core problems that I investigate. (To take an obvious example, those who want a detailed and sensational account of Nehru's relationship with the wife of the last British viceroy will be disappointed. Quite apart from the constraints of historical evidence, what seems to me more significant than its precise physical character is her role as a sounding board and confidante, mostly in lengthy letters, over the early years of independence and most of his prime ministership, and what this tells us about his isolated position and his major concerns.) I see myself not as a biographer but as a historian of a time and region-South Asia from the late nineteenth to the late twentieth centuries-who uses the medium of

Published
2009
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3. Jawaharlal Nehru and the British Empire: The making of an ‘outsider’ in Indian politics

Author

Judith M. Brown

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Politics, Sociology and Political Science, Law, British Empire, Subject (philosophy), Development, Ancient history, Making-of
Abstract

The subject of this essay is Jawaharlal Nehru, one of the last great Victorians in the British Empire. Born in 1889, he died just over forty years ago, in May 1964, having been his country's first ...

Published
2006
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6. Hong Kong Remembers. Edited by Sally Blyth and Ian Wotherspoon. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1996. 285 pp. - Hong Kong's Transitions, 1842–1997. Edited by Judith M. Brown and Rosemary Foot. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. xiv, 213 pp. $59–95 (cloth). - The Challenge of Hong Kong's Reintegration with China. Edited by Ming K. Chan. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 1997. xx, 221 pp. $27.00 (paper). - Hong Kong: An Appointment with China. By Steve Tsang. London and New York: I. B. Tauris, 1997. xiii, 274 pp. $17.95 (paper)

Author

Steve Tsang, Rosemary Foot, Judith M. Brown, Sally Blyth, Ming K. Chan, Ian Wotherspoon, and Yadong Liu

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Political science, Economic history, China
Published
2000
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8. Reviews of Books

Author

Peter C. Perdue, Stanley Burstein, W. J. McCoy, David Braund, John Haldon, P. J. Casey, Stephen Morillo, Matthew Innes, Kenneth Morgan, G. V. Scammell, Geoffrey Parker, Paul Douglas Lockhart, Wyatt MacGaffey, Trevor Burnard, Jane Samson, John A. Lynn, Avigdor Levy, F. B. Smith, John K. Severn, Martha McLaren, Milton Israel, Tim Youngs, John Beeler, Paul Kennedy, David MacKenzie, Roger Owen, Mikael af Malmborg, George Barany, Jon Tetsuro Sumida, Ian Nish, Catherine R. Schenk, William Stueck, J. F. V. Keiger, Martin Kitchen, David Fromkin, Holger H. Herwig, Paul G. Halpern, Sherman W. Garnett, Norman E. Saul, Pamela M. Graves, Robert Freeman Smith, Sally Marks, Lloyd C. Gardner, Allan R. Millett, Jon V. Kofas, Michael Carver, Alfred E. Eckes, Glyn A. Stone, Margaret Lamb, Samir Saul, Peter Phelps, Nicholas J. White, Alan Powell, Robin Higham, Brian Holden Reid, Jay W. Baird, Gerhard L. Weinberg, I. C. Campbell, Robert H. Whealey, Peter J. van Baalen, Paul F. Diehl, Serhii Plokhy, William B. Quandt, Ham Avni, Jonathan Lewis, Stephen J. Randall, Andrew Zimbalist, Stephen G. Rabe, Kathleen Burk, Judith M. Brown, Linda Lim, Stephan Haggard, Andrew Moravcsik, As'ad AbuKhalil, Alan S. Milward, and Paul W. Schroeder

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science
Published
1999
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10. Book Reviews

Author

Bernard S. Bachrach, P. A. Cartledge, Warren Treadgold, Dauvit Broun, C. P. Lewis, Linda Bryder, Virginia H. Aksan, Charles G. D. Littleton, Peter O' M. Pierson, Randall Lesaffer, Daniel A. Baugh, Haul Inalcik, Tim Harris, Drew R. McCoy, Michael H. Fisher, Stuart Macintyre, John Erickson, Francis M. Carroll, Donald Harman Akenson, Turaj Atabaki, Michael A. Barnhart, Michael Fellman, Dennis E. Showalter, Raymond F. Betts, C. J. Bartlett, Jan-Bart Gewald, Pekka Kalevi Hamalainen, John B. Hattendorf, Sally Marks, T. G. Fraser, Tim Travers, Stephen Brockmann, David Stevenson, Peter Beck, Ronald Grigor Suny, Peter C. Keot, Brian Bond, Marc Gaixicchio, Ron Matthews, Elizabeth B. Elliot-Meisel, Michael Jabara Carley, Martin Kitchen, Diethelm Prowe, Barton J. Bernstein, H. W. Brands, Stephen J. Whitfield, Bo Petersson, Catherine R. Schenk, Desmond Morton, Paul Boyer, Lloyd C. Gardner, Peter L. Hahn, Greg Donaghy, David Hunt, Marilyn B. Young, William J. Duiker, Richard C. Thornton, Shu Guang Zhang, Susanne Peters, N. D. White, William M. LeoGrande, Charles F. Doran, James J. Wirtz, Judith M. Brown, Robert Jervis, and Michael I. Handel

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science
Published
1997
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12. Reviews of Books

Author

J. F. Lazenby, Nick Everett, Gary B. Doxey, Thomas S. Asbridge, Michael Gervers, Edward D. English, Philip J. Adler, Michael Carver, Lindsey Hughes, Jeremy Black, Thomas M. Cohen, Gerald L. Soliday, Nicholas Rogers, Richard Boyer, Donald Harman Akenson, A.J. R. Russell-Wood, Muriel E. Chamberlain, Keith A. P. Sandiford, Judith M. Brown, John M. Mackenzie, Christopher P. Youè, John Rickard, Richard H. Colun, A. J. Crozier, Rhodri Jeffreys-Jones, Norman Rich, Martin Kitchen, Ludwig W. Adamec, Russell D. Buhite, Kemal H. Karpat, Temira Pachmuss, Reeva S. Simon, John Charmley, B.J.C. Mckercher, Nicholas R. Clifford, Michael J. Cohen, Christopher R. Browning, Charles W. Mcclellan, James Jankowski, Ronald W. Pruessen, Mark Mazower, Desmond Morton, Jurgen Rohwer, Geoffrey Till, Norman E. Saul, Stephen J. Harris, Tomasz Szarota, Nicholas Tarling, Marvin R. Zahniser, Robin J. Moore, Wilfried Loth, Coral M. Bell, Deepa M. Ollapally, John F. Garofano, A. Claire Cutler, Geoffrey Blainey, George Quester, John Langdon, Philip J. Funigiello, Andrew F. Cooper, Melvin Small, and H. Edward English

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science
Published
1996
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13. Guide to further reading

Author

Judith M. Brown and Anthony J. Parel

Subjects
History, Reading (process), media_common.quotation_subject, Theology, Classics, media_common
Published
2011
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14. Frontmatter

Author

Judith M. Brown and Anthony J. Parel

Subjects
History, Religious studies
Published
2011
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15. The Significance of Gandhi Today

Author

Judith M. Brown

Subjects
History, Religious studies
Abstract

(1993). The Significance of Gandhi Today. South African Historical Journal: Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 229-233.

Published
1993
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16. Book reviews

Author

C. A. Bayly, Bruce P. Lenman, Christopher Fyfe, David Killingray, Paul Nugent, David Turley, P.C. Emmer, Peter Burroughs, James W. St. G. Walker, Ged Martin, P. J. Marshall, Judith M. Brown, Andrew Porter, D. K. Fieldhouse, H. W. Van Den Doel, David Arnold, John M. Mackenzie, John D. Hargreaves, George Shepperson, Norman Etherington, R. Hyam, B. R. Tomlinson, Ian Talbot, Nicholas White, Walter Bowring, Norman Miners, F. G. Clarke, Peter Edwards, D. G. Boyce, W. Travis Hanes, John Kent, and Robert Pearce

Subjects
History, Economy, Political Science and International Relations, Development
Published
1993
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17. Reviews Book

Author

Norman R. Bennett, Simon Ditchfiel, Thomas Munck, Anthony Disney, H.M. Scott, Alexander Kitroeff, Christopher Bassford, Erwin A. Schmidl, Roger Chickering, Rudolph Peters, Donald Harman Akenson, Agatha Ramm, J.L. Black, P.R. Ghosh, Gunther E. Rothenberg, Norman Rich, Ibrahim Abdullah, Enno E. Kraehe, Richard Bosworth, Ben Baack, Lester D. Langley, Wesley K. Wark, István Deák, A. Hamish Ion, Lloyd E. Ambrosius, Alan Cassels, Frank Costigliola, Andrew J. Crozier, Judith M. Brown, David W. McFadden, Tim Rees, Bruce Wheaton, Ayesha Jalal, Robin Higham, David I. Hall, John Charmley, T.H.E. Travers, Henry Pelling, Alan S. Milward, Fred H. Lawson, James Edward Milles, Patricia E. Roy, Ritchie Ovendale, Kathryn Meyer, Matthew Evangelista, Dane Kennedy, Kathleen Buhk, J.G. Darwin, Michael B. Bisheu, Steven J. Ericson, Paul A. Varg, and Robert Jervis

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science
Published
1992
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20. The Dutch Reformed Church in colonial Ceylon (18th century). Minutes of the consistory of the Dutch reformed Church in Colombo held at the Wolvendaal church, Colombo (1735–1797). Edited by Klaus Koschorke, translated by Samuel A. W. Mottau. (Documents on the History of Christianity in Asia, Africa and Latin America, 2.) Pp. xviii+749 incl. 1 map and 6 colour plates. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2011. €98. 978 3 447 06546 7; 2190 3603

Author

Judith M. Brown

Subjects
History, Religious studies
Published
2013
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34. South Africa Rediscovers Its past

Author

Judith M. Brown, Brian Willan, Luyanda ka Mzuma, Harvey Glickman, Robert Edgar, Anton Muziwakhe Lembede, Martin Prozesky, and Catherine Higgs

Subjects
Cultural Studies, Politics, History, Anthropology, Gender studies
Published
1999
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35. Gandhi and South Africa: Principles and Politics

Author

Judith M. Brown, Surendra Bhana, and Martin Prozesky

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Politics, Geography, Sociology and Political Science, Law, First class, Genealogy, Injustice
Abstract

On Pietermaritzburg station in 1893, a young Indian lawyer, newly arrived in South Africa, was ejected from a train to Pretoria for insisting on his right to travel first class. It was to the cold night hours spent in the waiting-room that Gandhi himself traced the genesis of his great resolve - to fight injustice by non-violent means. Crucial as this episode was, it was but one of the manifold influences which shaped the Gandhi-to-be during his sojourn in South Africa. This title arose from a conference held a century later, in 1993, at the University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, to reaffirm the South African Gandhi. It traces some of the influences which effected his transformation from an unsuccessful and insecure young man to a mature political and spiritual leader ready to carve his niche in history after his return to India in 1914. The Mahatma's moral vision, of a way to resolve conflict and right injustice without resorting to violence, remains relevant to post-apartheid South Africa and to the world. It also remains a difficult vision to grasp; but a better understanding of his vital formative years will perhaps help to make it more accessible.

Published
1998
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38. Imperial Facade: Some Constraints Upon and Contradictions in the British Position in India, 1919–35

Author

Judith M. Brown

Subjects
History, Economy, Political science, Position (finance), Facade
Abstract

THE Raj still has a peculiar fascination for the British public, judging by the stream of popular books, radio and television programmes whose constant themes are the panoply of empire and the life-style of imperial rulers. Among English-speaking historians, however, approaches to Britain's Indian empire have changed markedly in the last twenty years. By the 1950s ‘Imperial history’ was a thing of the past. Gone was its admiring concentration on the men who ruled India and their measures as a way of understanding political change in the subcontinent. Attention shifted to indigenous initiatives and growth points. At first the emphasis was on India's western educated as organizers and spokesmen of a new kind of overtly nationalist politics. In the late 1960s the focus altered to whole localities within the subcontinent as it became clear that the western educated were not elites divorced from local, more traditional societies, but were still subject to its pressures, influenced by its perceptions and involved in its webs of patronage and alliance. In such an environment apparently nationalist politics were shot through with conflicts and contraditions: they were only one aspect of diverse manoeuvres for influence in society and the state structure. In the present decade the wheel has almost come full circle. Imperial overlords again receive attention: not now as architects and guardians, but as elements essential in the analysis of the changing style and content of Indian politics to the extent to which they created the framework of political life, defined its categories, means and ends.

Published
1976
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39. Book reviews

Author

H. W. van Santen, John Rosselli, Hugh Tinker, J. R. Dinwiddy, D. H. Simpson, M. C. Ricklefs, Paul M. Kennedy, Paul Smith, Andrew Porter, James Sturgis, D. McLean, Patrick Tuck, C. C. Wrigley, Philip Wigley, Richard Frost, W. David McIntyre, S. R. Ashton, Judith M. Brown, Clive Dewey, Kenneth Robinson, Franz Ansprenger, and Ged Martin

Subjects
History, Political Science and International Relations, Development
Published
1980
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40. Book reviews

Author

J. S. Cummins, Glyndwr Williams, A. G. Hopkins, Burton Stein, David Geggus, P. J. Marshall, Edward Ingram, E. D. Daw, Terence Ranger, Isaac C. Lamba, Andrew Porter, Clive Dewey, Ritchie Ovendale, E. W. Edwards, Peter Fraser, David Arnold, Judith M. Brown, David Fieldhouse, Lionel Carter, John Flint, T. J. Barron, Freda Harcourt, and Friedhelm Hardy

Subjects
History, Political Science and International Relations, Development
Published
1981
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41. REVIEWS

Author

J. R. RAVENSDALE, RALPH B. PUGH, ROGER VIRGOE, ANN RYCRAFT, G. R. ELTON, DONALD READ, G. H. MARTIN, DOROTHY M. OWEN, J. VINCENT, JOAN GIBBS, BRIAN HUTTON, K. O. LAURENCE, JUDITH M. BROWN, IVAN AVAKUMOVIC, and IVOR P. COLLIS

Subjects
History, Library and Information Sciences
Published
1970
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42. Book reviews

Author

S. N. Ray, Chandra Jayawardena, A. L. Basham, M. B. Emeneau, I. W. Mabbett, D. B. Miller, William H. Newell, D. D. Taylor, Ainslie T. Embree, G. A. Oddie, Jim Masselos, S. G. Harrex, S. A. A. Rizvi, Norman F. Dufty, Ian Bedford, I. J. Gatanach, W. P. Hogan, William M. Gabard, P. B. Mayer, R. F. I. Smith, B. L. C. Johnson, Lionel Gaplan, Surendra K. Gupta, David Baker, and Judith M. Brown

Subjects
Cultural Studies, History, Sociology and Political Science, Development
Published
1973
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43. The Mahatma and Modern India

Author

Judith M. Brown

Subjects
History, Sociology and Political Science, media_common.quotation_subject, Geography, Planning and Development, Colonialism, Democracy, Politics, Political economy, Political science, Institution, Ideology, National myth, Decolonization, media_common, Untouchability
Abstract

Centenary celebrations of the birth of any prominent man attract assessments of his character, career and influence. Nothing could be more understandable, particularly in the case of M. K. Gandhi, who was by common consent one of the greatest leaders Asia has produced in an era of colonial nationalisms and decolonization, who in his own life time was called a saint and a machiavellian politician, and who has become in independent India both a national myth and an embarrassment. Accounts of the importance of Gandhi in modern India tend to fall into two main categories. There are those who dismiss him, often regretfully, as an idealist whose Utopian plans for a democracy of village commonwealths and a non-violent society have collapsed in the face of economic and political necessity and the machinations of unscrupulous politicians. In the words of Jayaprakash Narayan, ‘If you consider the political ideologies attaining in India today, you would find that somehow one who is called the Father of the Nation is completely missing from all of them’. Such pessimism assesses Gandhi as if he had been solely a dispenser of blue-prints for a brave new world, and fails to see him as a dynamic leader whose greatest influence flowed from the type of movement he led and the techniques he used, rather than from the peculiarly personal ideals he held. On the other hand, there are those who hail him as the Father of India and try to draw direct causal connexions between his ideals and many of the major changes which have occurred in India since 1947, particularly the official abolition of Untouchability and the institution ofpanchayat raj.But this is the perspective of the biographer. It underrates the complexities of politics and society and their interaction, and turns a blind eye to the innumerable cross currents which make up the main stream of Indian social and political activity.

Published
1969
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