Search

Bachelor work consists of an introduction, 3 chapters, conclusion and bibliography. Each chapter begins with a brief description, and is divided into subchapters. The sub-chapters contain basic fashion information: history, traditions, features, behaviors and ways of dressing. The work is written in Russian language.

Title: Smysl českých dějin (The meaning of Czech history) Originally published: lecture delivered on November 5, 1928, published by Josef Pekař at his own expenses in Prague, 1929 Language: Czech The excerpts used are from Josef Pekař, O smyslu českých dějin (Prague: Rozmluvy 1990), pp. 383–405. About the author Josef Pekař [1870, Malý Rohozec (near Turnov, Ger. Turnau, north Bohemia) – 1937 Prague]: historian. Born into a farming family, he studied at a grammar school in Mladá Boleslav. Late...

In 2018 the National Museum Prague (NMP) is celebrating its 200th anniversary. Today the Museum is facing its most valuable development: brand new permanent exhibitions. Our monumental historic building was constructed in 1891 in the heart of Prague. After more than one hundred years we had to close the building and remove all exhibitions which were older than 40 years. The building has about 8,000m2 and is divided into two parts. One belongs to our Natural History Museum (NHM) collections with Zoology, Palaeontology, Mineralogy, Botany and Mycology exhibitions. Our new natural history galleries will open in autumn 2019. Housed all on one floor, the galleries will be full of animals like invertebrates, fishes, reptiles, birds and mammals. The second floor will focus on palaeontology spanning more than 500 million years of evolution covering the geographical area of the modern Czech Republic. At the beginning we had to ask ourselves a few simple questions. How do we develop permanent exhibitions that will last for decades? Is excluding modern technology the right thing to do? Should we focus on a more informative/education style or should the interpretation be more populist? And what about the display cases? Should we use old repaired ones or modern cases? It would be great to have answers to all these questions but we still have to deal with the vision and constraints of our curators, collections, budget, legislation, technology and construction of the building. The project has no similar equivalent in the history of the Czech Republic so it was an extraordinary challenge to create our own process of developments with ongoing improvements. Through these developments we have formed new cooperation with technological partners and the creative industries. We are defining a new modern approach to the development and preparation of exhibitions in the Czech Republic. Now that we have reached the half way point towards our vision, it is a good time to report on progress.

This chapter examines a difference in visual representations of the first Czechoslovak President, T. G. Masaryk, in seven history textbooks published during communist and post- communist eras in the Czech Republic and identifies the ideological purposes behind this difference. It interprets why pictures of Masaryk have been eliminated from the communist textbooks and in contrast, why they have become part of a heroic narrative built around the President in the post-communist ones. The author discusses the chosen history textbooks from a perspective of media of memory with an emphasis on the specifics of visual media and visual communication. A mixed method approach is used that combines visual content analysis and semiotic and social semiotic analysis, and anchors the research in the theory of social constructivism. Two ideological filters, the communist and the post-communist one, are used to explain the found difference, the ways they communicate a different concept of history to school students, and how they relate to four iconographic tropes based on which Masaryk has been represented in communist and post-communist times. The research emphasizes the importance of a critical examination of visuals used in educational materials and provides an example, how the methods of visual analysis can be employed. It demonstrates the significance of visual communication and the necessity to understand its principles in order to become critical interpreters of the past and the present, fully equipped researchers and professional teachers.

The significance of the Prague Spring of 1968 is best assessed in relation to the other ‘magic eights' in Czech history. The nineteenth-century Czech national ‘revival’ culminated in the revolution...

The present text deals with content analysis of Czech teaching texts with regard to presence of iconic text. The subject of the analysis is the image of Poland after World War II in Czech textbooks of history for the second stage of elementary education in the latter half of the past and the beginning of this century. Following summarisation, analysis and interpretation of the found visual material the author of this contribution concludes that the textbook authors still apply the stereotype of selective choice scheme and little activating teaching potential of the selected images.

The dispute over the meaning of Czech history has been going on, in spite of interruptions, for the last hundred years, ever since the controversy over the Manuscript Forgeries. It has not been resolved in favour of any of the opposing camps of interpreters, although it has involved a great number of prominent historians. The long duel between Masaryk and Pekar may be considered its climax.

Although the criteria of continuity OT discontinuity in history may not be precise, it is nevertheless possible, and not necessarily with hindsight, to qualify certain events as Nptures in what otherwise could be considered a continuous trend of development, Foreign conquest, revolution or far-reaching reform are recognised as the most obvious causes of such a change. A violent change is bound to produce schisms, contrasting views and evaluations which may be passed from generation to generation. Furthermore, on the one hand a sense of protracted injustice and on the other hand a sense of guilt, coupled with a bitterly divided assessment of major events in the past, may coalesce into a traumatic state of mind in the body social. In the Czech cultural history we may identify three such ruptures with traumatic effects for posterity. Each of these ruptures reflected a particular spirit of the time, a particular issue which was at the forefront of the respective phase of European civilisation. The first was under the aegis of religion, whether Catholic or reformed; the second was under that of nationality, whether sovereign or under tutelage, whether unified or federated; the third which is still with us, concerns the totality of culture, whether liberal and pluralistic on the one hand, or regimental and uniform on the other. In all these instances the process started with an upward swing which resulted in an attempt to build up Czech or Czechoslovak polity and society in the imageof Czechs’ own understanding of the values of the time, an image which always implied a certain kind of pluralism. Yet the surrounding world was not so tolerant as to let a pluralistic society flourish in its midst. The element of distinctness within the realms which lived according to the principle cuius regio eius re&gio had to he eliminated. As this happened by conquest folkwed by imposition of an alien rule and alien social ethos, a gaping rupture occurred in the historical continuity of the nation. Several consecutive ruptures were bound to produce cumulative effects, often with traumatic consequences.

When Josef Pekař entered academic life, the Czechs had attained, for the first time since the fourteenth century, a West European standard.1 Industrial expansion and technological progress as well as progress in sciences were accompanied by no less important achievements in culture. The founding of the Bohemian Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1890 and the Great Prague Exposition in 1891, realised without the help of Vienna and without German participation, bore witness to the newly acquired self-confidence of the nation. In this optimistic climate Czech intellectuals were able to find the moral courage to take a more detached view of their history, which they had hitherto approached with uncritical admiration. For the first time since Palacký, Czech historiography was given a firm basis by scholars inspired by Jaroslav Goll (1846–1929) and Antonin Rezek (1853–1909). Czech literary and philological scholarship had taken a new direction under the leadership of Jan Gebauer (1838–1907).

Title: La Question kurde, ses origines et ses causes (The Kurdish question, its origins and causes) Originally published: Under the pen-name “le Docteur Bletch Chirguh,” as a publication of the “Ligue nationale kurde Hoyboun,” Cairo, Imprimerie Paul Barbey, 1930 Language: French The excerpts used are from the Turkish translation (made by D. Bayrak and S. Canik) provided in Mehmet Bayrak, Kürdoloji belgeleri (Ankara: Öz-Ge Yayınları, 1994), pp. 57, 63, 66–68, 84–86, 96. About the author Celade...

Title: Primo, Türk çocuğu (Primo, the Turkish child) Originally Published: The fist part of the story (‘How he was born’) was published in Genç kalemler, Selanik, 1911. The second part (‘How he died’) was published in Türk sözü, Istanbul, 1914. Language: Ottoman Turkish The excerpts used are from a 1970 edition of collected stories: Ömer Seyfettin, Bomba – Bütün eserleri (Ankara: Bilgi, 1970), pp. 7–15, 29–32, 34, 38, 39, 57–60, 71–74. About the author Ömer Seyfeddin [1884, Gönen, Balıkesir (...

Title: Der Mann ohne Eigenschaften (The man without qualities) Originally published: Berlin, Rowohlt, vol. I (1930), vol. II (1933), and vol. III (1943) Language: German The excerpts used are from Robert Musil, The Man without Qualities, translated by Sophie Wilkins and Burton Pike (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1995), pp. 28–31, 575–577. About the author Robert Musil [1880, Klagenfurt – 1942, Geneva]: writer, dramatist and essayist. Musil spent most of his childhood in Steyr and Brünn (Cz. Brno...

Title: Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války (The good soldier Švejk and his fortunes in the World War) Original published: as a series of popular readings in Prague during 1921– 1923 Language: Czech The excerpts used are from: The Good Soldier Švejk and his Fortunes in the World War. Translated from Czech by Cecil Parrott (Middlesex: Penguin Books with W. Heinemann, 1983), pp. 67–73. About the author Jaroslav Hašek [1883, Prague – 1923, Lipnice near Německý Brod (after 1945 Havlíčkův ...

Title: Sahmanatragan jshmardutinner (The constitutional truths) Originally published: Constantinople, Dbaran Hovhannu Muhendisian, 1863 Language: Armenian The excerpts used are from the original, pp.1, 3, 6, 7, 9–13, 16, 20, 22–24, 39–45. About the author Hovsep Vartanian (Vartan Pasha) [1816, Istanbul–1879, Istanbul]: Ottoman statesman, journalist, author and translator of Armenian Catholic origin. He received his elementary education at the Kumkapı Bezcian School in Istanbul. In 1827 he was...

Title: Rezolucija banjalučkih muslimana (Resolution of the Muslims of Banjaluka) Originally published: as a petition distributed in Banjaluka on 12 November 1941 Language: Bosnian The excerpts used are from Muhamed Hadžijahić, Muslimanske rezolucije iz 1941. u istoriji naroda Bosne i Hercegovine (Sarajevo: Zbornik radova, 1973), pp.38–39. Context The resolutions issued by Bosnian Muslim political, religious and social elites during the second half of 1941 represent a dramatic peak in the Bosn...

Title: Góg és Magóg fia vagyok én (I am the son of king Gog of Magog); Magyar jakobinus dala (Song of the Hungarian Jacobin) Originally published: Góg és Magóg fia vagyok én was published as the opening poem of the volume Új versek (New poems) (Budapest: Pallas, R.T., 1906). Magyar jakobinus dala was the first poem of the cycle Téli Magyarország (Winter Hungary) of the volume Vér és arany (Blood and gold), (Budapest, Franklin-társulat, 1908) Language: Hungarian The excerpts used are from Ady ...

Title: Rromânul/Rromânca (Rromanian man and Rromanian woman) Originally published: Rromânul was published under the title ‘Moftangiul’ in Moftul român, no. III (3 February 1893), p. 1. Rromânca, was published under the title ‘Moftangioica’ in Moftul român, no. V (11 February 1893), p. 1. Language: Romanian The text used is from the original About the author Ion Luca Caragiale [1852, Haimanale (near Ploieşti) – 1912, Berlin]: playwright and literary critic. The son of a lawyer, Caragiale compl...

Title: Ogniem i mieczem (With fire and sword); Krzyżacy (Teutonic knights) Originally published: as Ogniem i mieczem. Opowieść z lat dawnych [With fire and sword. A story from ancient times] in Słowo, 1883–1884. First edition of Teutonic knights in Słowo and in Tygodnik Ilustrowany, 1897– 1900 Language: Polish The excerpts used are from English translations: With fire and sword. An historical novel of Poland and Russia, translated by Jeremiah Curtin (Boston: Little, Brown and Company, 1898), ...

Title: Młoda Polska (Young Poland) Originally published: Cracow, Życie 1898, No. 15, 16, 18, 19, 24 and 25 Language: Polish The excerpts used are from Maria Podraza-Kwiatkowska ed., Programy i dyskusje literackie okresu Młodej Polski (Wrocław: Ossolineum, 1973), pp. 96–125. About the author Artur Górski [1870, Cracow – 1959, Warsaw]: literary critic, writer and translator. As a graduate of law from Cracow University, Górski joined the Polish Socialist Party in 1892, but soon reverted to Catho...

This is the second part of the third volume of the four-volume series, a daring project of CEU Press, presenting the most important texts that triggered and shaped the processes of nation-building in the many countries of Central and Southeast Europe. The aim is to confront ‘mainstream’ and seemingly successful national discourses with each other, thus creating a space for analyzing those narratives of identity which became institutionalized as “national canons.” After the volumes focousing on the late enlightenment and the emergence of national romanticism, two books elaborate on the phenomenon of modernism in eastern Europe. Modernism is conceived as a counterpart to modernity, the first belonging to the periphery, tha latter to the developed West. Fifty-one texts illustrate the evolution of modernism in Eastern Europe. Essays, articles, poems, or excerpts from longer works offer new opportunities of possible comparisons of the respective national cultures. The volume focuses on the literary and scientific attempts at squaring the circle of individual and collective identities. Often outspokenly critical of the romantic episteme, these texts reflect a more sophisticated and critical stance than in the preceding periods. At the same time, rather than representing a complete rupture, they often continue and confirm the romantic identity narratives, albeit with “other means”. The volume also presents the ways national minorities sought to legitimize their existence with reference to their cultural and institutional peculiarity.