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This article discusses the history of medicine and the medical profession in Mexico during the 19th century. The author comments on the relationship between history, science, and nation, and their ties with modernity. She also examines the role of physician and researcher Porfirio Parra in the development of medical knowledge at the time. The role of politics in medical and scientific research during the 19th century is explored and the unorthodox perspective taken by Parra in contrast to the medical policies established by the government is also analyzed.

This article underlines firstly the central role memory occupies in contemporary societies, exploring also its links with the important modifications that historiography experiences today. Secondly, the text analyzes how and why some European and Latin American societies have met again themselves with their past. Analyses, in particular the Mexican case, specially related to the difficulties to reconstruct the memory of the 60's and 70's movements political-armed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modernity is two-faced: on the one hand, it has a profound belief in progress; on the other, it seeks to annihilate "traditional" societal and economic agreements. But within this unceasing revolution the modern individual found a substitute or anchor in the Nation- state. While the volatility of "solid" modernity was controlled or limited by means of a "national" identity and belonging, in "liquid" modernity the modern anchor of the Nation- state comes under scrutiny. This case study of Club Morelia in Mexico's national soccer league analyzes the anchoring-volatility that has characterized soccer in the country since 1981 by examining the players, the rosters, the coaches, and the fans. The objective is to elucidate the consequences that the volatility of the principle actors involved have not only for the sport but for postmodern society in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the process of the expansion of cattle-ranching that began in the early 1980s, affecting a small Zoque-Popoluca community in southern Veracruz state. The principle vehicles through which livestock-raising activity came to be implemented were sharecropping-like production agreements (a medias) and the leasing of pasturelands. This process of expanding livestock-raising had profound impacts as it transformed both local economic activities and the physical landscape. This was a regional process in which broad national initiatives like fomenting the spread of cattle production into the tropical zones of the country played an important role, together with settlement policies and agrarian reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existing works on the Party of Democratic Revolution usually emphasize charismatic leadership or internal groups. Little has been said about why fraudulent elections occur inside the party. This work unpacked the unit of analysis in four observations (1999, 2002, 2005 and 2008) to perform two synchronous comparisons (1999-2005 and 2002- 2008), achieving depth and explanation. If we consider the charismatic leadership or groups as independent variables, we would not be able to predict fraudulent elections, since the influence of the two is only to only shape the formulas in dispute. The paper concludes by arguing that the explanation lies in the similarity of forces and the reduced cost of violating the rules by the competitors; this will provide empirical evidence to show that in the presence of these conditions there can be fraudulent elections (1999 and 2008), whereas in their absence there can be fair elections (2002 and 2005). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the agricultural land management and water resources for the rural river valleys of the region of San Luis Potosí in Mexico during the period 1910-1940. The author comments on the development and construction of irrigation systems through private property in these areas, the history of Mexican agriculture form the colonial era, and the agricultural reforms of the 20th century. He also considers the laws and legislation enacted by the Mexican government related to water usage as well as agriculture.

This article discusses the development and construction of hydraulic infrastructure in the city of Guadalajara, Mexico, in the 19th century. The author comments on the lack of available drinkable water in the region prior to this construction and considers the technology developed to bring water into the city from subterranean areas and groundwater sources. She also analyzes the environmental impact of the new infrastructure, particularly in the regions of extraction. The social, political, and economic aspects of the construction and management of drinkable water sources are also explored.

The Imperial Order of Guadalupe was intended to reward distinguished merit and civic virtues. On December 12, 1865, Maximilian of Habsburg awarded the Officer Cross of this Order to Dr. José Eleuterio González (1813-1888), who years earlier had founded the School of Medicine and the Civil Hospital in Monterrey. Before Maximilian's execution, the republican government would appoint Dr. González "Benemérito del Estado". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The development of the medical institution during "El Porfiriato" in Mérida city have been reported and promoted many times as overyly simple chronicles, which has prevented necessary discussions about what medical scientific ideas were behind its conception, and prevented restructuring during this period. In contrast, we propose to address these issues by advancing a "History of the ideas" The Objective of this historical essay is to identify the medical and hygienic ideas that influenced and shaped the Agustin O'Horan Hospital in Mérida during the historic period known as "El Porfiriato", with the goal of encouraging a more critical historical debate about the Agustin O'Horan Hospital. The materials used in this essay come from different origins, including primary sources as archives, newspapers and studies from the period, as well as bibliographical sources, to which we applied the historical methods of Source criticism and interpretation. The conclusion of the work is important, since it identifies the importance of medical ideology in the projection in shaping the new O"Horán Hospital, after its founding in 1906. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents reprints of several historical documents related to the development of the coffee industry in the region of Oaxaca, Mexico, in the late 19th century. The documents reveal the importance of the crop to the economy of Oaxaca and Mexico as a whole. Particular focus is given to the town of Santiago Xanica and its conflict regarding territory and local policies related to agriculture.

Uno de los aspectos más sobresalientes de la cultura Maya es su notable avance en materia de astronomía. Según las investigaciones más recientes, los conocimientos astronómicos de los mayas se pueden constatar en las inscripciones de los monumentos escultóricos, en los códices y en algunas edificaciones destinadas a este fin. La torre cilindrica de Puerto Rico, Campeche, única en su tipo documentada en la Península de Yucatán, ha sido relacionada con fenómenos de conmemoración astronómica. Durante el mes de junio de 2010 se ha realizado una expedición científica al sitio con la finalidad de actualizar la información disponible del monumento y realizar estudios previos de cara a su puesta en valor. La metodología empleada para el análisis consiste básicamente en la búsqueda de datos e información, mediante fuentes directas e indirectas, así como en determinar su estado de conservación desde la observación directa. La información así obtenida sobre el edificio permite una interpretación del mismo desde un punto de vista astronómico. El estudio de este singular monumento permite identificar sus características únicas en el área Maya y descubrirlo como un producto genuino de la tecnología constructiva propia de esta importante cultura. Por medio de la difusión cultural se pretende promover actuaciones de rescate que detengan su deterioro y permitan su conservación de cara al futuro. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study in which the author examines the Zatzio Sawmill, located in Michoacán, Mexico, during the first half of the 20th century. The exploitation of the forests located near the sawmill by North American businessmen Santiago Slade and James J. Slade, Jr., is analyzed, as well as the construction of a community for the sawmill workers and their families and the lifestyle they maintained while living there.

The article focuses on early 19th century European traveler Frédéric de Waldeck and his theories concerning the origin of the Mayan population and ruins of the Yucatan peninsula in Mexico. The author comments on Waldeck's travels and archeological research in Mexico and discusses his explanation regarding Maya origins and the lost tribes of Israel in the context of 19th century European Orientalist thought. She also cites Waldeck's account of his visit to the Maya ruins at Uxmal, in Yucatan, Mexico.

El artículo analiza la inmigración de los sobrevivientes del genocidio armenio al barrio de La Merced en la Ciudad de México, México durante los principios del siglo XX. Se presenta una historia de los armenios en México, incluyendo los primeros en llegar, los refugiados y los comerciantes en la Ciudad de México. Se ofrecen estadísticas sobre la población armenia en México y se discurre sobre la situación económica de los inmigrantes armenios.

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Anagramas is the property of Editorial Universidad de Medellin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a case study of the disintegration of the hacienda and formation of shared lands in the Ameca Valley, Jalisco State, Mexico, during the 1930s. Topics discussed include the regional history related to land reform; difficulties faced by people applying for land; and the shared land of El Cabezón in Ameca, Jalisco.

This article discusses the Mexican Inquisition involving José María Lanza, a religious figure who lived during the 18th century. The author comments on Lanza's marriage to a young woman, which violated his oath to the Holy Office. She also examines the ethical implications of Lanza's marriage and the disciplinary actions taken by the Mexican Inquisition. A comparative analysis of two overlapping eras, the Old Regime and the Enlightenment, the latter of which promoted individual freedoms, is also provided.

The article considers the records of medicinal plant extracts produced by Mexican pharmaceutical company Laboratorios Codex between 1928 and 1944. The authors describe the company and analyze its published catalog "Descripción Técnica de los Extractos Fluidos Medicinales Codex" in terms of their contribution to understanding a particular historical moment in the development of pharmacological regulations in Mexico. They explore the catalog's implicit knowledge about medicinal plants and their therapeutic properties and discuss the impact of changes in regulatory practices and terminology in the 1940s.

The article focuses on the 16th and 17th century political, commercial and territorial structure of the Itza nation in Yucatan, Mexico. The author cites the Prehispanic background of the Maya Itza Indians, discusses their independence from Spanish rule until the end of the 17th century and explores their commercial and political networks during the early Spanish colonial period. He also considers their control of the trading of various goods such as cocoa, vanilla and cotton and comments on the relations between the Itzas and other Indian groups under Spanish rule.

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Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Relaciones: Estudios de Historia y Sociedad is the property of El Colegio de Michoacan, A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Memoria y Sociedad is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Secuencia: Revista de Historia y Ciencias Sociales is the property of Instituto de Investigaciones - Dr. Jose M. Luis Mora and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Relaciones: Estudios de Historia y Sociedad is the property of El Colegio de Michoacan, A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although derivatives were developed for the treatment of some diseases, such as risks and volatilities, ironically, as experienced in the 1990s, they, themselves, created them as sometimes "adverse effects'' of hedging or with deliberately harmful purposes of speculation. This paper aims to analyze the role of financial derivatives in the emerging markets financial crises of the 1990s. In this regard, it deals with the Mexican case through a VAR-GARCH approach. The paper found that financial derivatives had an increasing impact on the currency crises of Mexico. This was an immediate destabilizing effect on the volatility of the spot exchange rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos is the property of University of California Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mexican Studies / Estudios Mexicanos is the property of University of California Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of APUNTES - Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of APUNTES - Journal of Cultural Heritage Studies is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstracts of the articles in the issue are presented on topics including 16th century Spanish Catholic missionaries, international trade between New Spain and Castile, Spain, and Indian delegates sent from Tlaxcala to represent New Spain in front of the Spanish Monarchy during the 16th century.

Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document presents a review of the expansion of the global agricultural-food system, the vulnerability it causes to the farmers agriculture and the effects in the loss of food production. Then, some experiences in alternative markets are presented, which incorporate ethical values of solidarity towards the producers and of respect to the local environment, as it is the case in fair trade and organic agriculture. Further, we studies the introduction of wheat in Amerindian territories, especially in the high lands of Chiapas, showing how this cereal was linked to the demand of Spanish and racially mixed urban population of productivist models during the second half of the twentieth century led to the break of territorial networks and the loss of productive diversity from Indian country communities. Finally, with the intention of showing local practices which aim to strengthen town-country territorial dynamics, we present a particular case of a local alternative market with some wheat producers in Río Florido a small Indian community in Chiapas. These are the results of an investigation of long scope in which the author participates in collaboration with other local development agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Historia Mexicana is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El artículo investiga y identifica los ciclos económicos en México durante el periodo 1949-2006. Se observan varios puntos de inflexión que incluyen el valle inicial, pico y valle final según los ciclos clásicos y los ciclos de crecimiento. En el caso de México, la serie más prolongada en cuanto a los ciclos clásicos es el producto interno bruto anual (PIB) 1895-1995 a precios de 1980 y la de PIB anual 1980-2006 a precios de 1993.

Copyright of Revista ADM is the property of Asociacion Dental Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Critical-liberal desires for democracy indicate that citizens' critical assessments of the political system are inspired by their expectations to live under a regime that guarantees democratic rights and freedoms. This study analyzes the critical-liberal desires for democracy in Mexico, a case where the performance of an emerging democracy has motivated widespread political dissatisfaction. By using data from the World Values Survey (wvs), this article shows that critical-liberal desires for democracy are weaker than initially expected, and they perform a limited role in enlightening democratic aspirations. The results suggest that in emerging and deficient democracies, even when political dissatisfaction with the performance of the regime is extensive, weak critical-liberal desires may fail to motivate the collective demands to improve the regime's guarantee of political freedoms and rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the author's views on a conspiracy planned Spanish Roman Catholic prelate Antonio Caballero y Góngora between 1809-1810. Various topics discussed include influence of Mexico's inquisition on the government of New Spain, political sphere of New Spain, reorganization of political institutions.