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Background: Melanoma is the third most common type of skin cancer in Mexico and represents 75% of skin cancer deaths. Dermoscopy is a diagnostic tool that increases early detection of melanoma compared to naked eye examination. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the clinical, dermoscopic and histological characteristics of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma treated at the "La Raza" National Medical Center. Material and methods: A retrospective, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out from March 1998 to December 2013, with 187 histologically confirmed cases, considering: sex, age, skin phototype, history, topography of the lesion, dermoscopic pattern, metastasis at the time of diagnosis and histological subtype, Breslow index and Clark index, using the chi-square test as a non-parametric statistical method to analyze the data obtained. Results: Most patients had skin phototype III and the most affected location was the lower limb. Clinically, acral lentiginous melanomas and nodular melanomas were the most observed. The most common dermoscopic finding was the multicomponent pattern. Clinically and histologically, the most frequent subtype associated with metastasis was nodular melanoma. Acral lentiginous melanoma was more common among patients without metastasis. Conclusions: Unfortunately, melanoma is still diagnosed in advanced stages in Mexico; for its early recognition, training in the use of dermoscopy and greater awareness about melanoma in the Mexican population must be encouraged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the morphological and morphometric features, as well as the histological composition of the medial and lateral menisci of domestic cats. A total of 180 menisci were obtained from 45 skeletally mature cat cadavers, followed by measuring the peripheral extension, width and thickness, circumference of the body and the body with horns, articulating height, and superior articulating length. A histological assessment was conducted to determine the meniscal cellularity and histomorphology. Each meniscus was evaluated in three regions (cranial horn, body, and caudal horn) and three zones (outer, middle, and deep). The proteoglycan content and collagen distribution were also examined. Overall, 62.2% of the medial meniscus displayed a crescentic shape, whereas 86.7% of the lateral meniscus exhibited a C-shaped configuration. The morphometric analysis revealed that the lateral menisci significantly differed (P<0.05) in circumference, thickness, width, and articulating height from the medial menisci. Despite cell density was not significantly different across the regions, the cellularity decreased from the outer zone to the deep zone of the menisci. Proteoglycan content was not significantly different in the various regions but was increased significantly (P<0.05) in the middle meniscal zone. Types I, II, and III collagens were distributed throughout the meniscal regions and zones. Type I collagen was abundant within the meniscus. In contrast, type III collagen is primarily localized in the middle zone. In conclusion, feline menisci exhibit morphometric variations and distinctive histological features, offering crucial insights for veterinarians and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important figures in the history of neurohistology, Giuseppe Levi (1872–1965) contributed in numerous ways to neuroscience, particularly in the fields of neuronal plasticity and the understanding of sensory ganglia. His daughter Natalia Ginzburg, née Levi (1916–1991), on the other hand, achieved fame as one of the most celebrated Italian writers of the twentieth century. Lessico Famigliare (Family Lexicon), from 1963, is a semibiographical account of her life in which she describes the life and character of her father in detail, providing depth and complexity to a seminal figures in the development of neuroscience. A thorough reading of the book enables modern neurologists to fully appreciate Levi's life and contributions, by means of humanizing him and giving context to his life and works. The present article provides a summary of Levi's and Natalia's lives and times as well as an analysis of the book and of the intimate, vivid descriptions of the neurohistologist's life.

Background and aims: The false-root knot nematode (Nacobbus spp.) comprises polyphagous species, with pepper (Capsicum annuum) being one of the most affected crops. Due to the lack of resistant pepper genotypes, we compared the responses of different commercial cultivars to identify possible plant defence mechanisms against N. celatus. M&M: Nematodes from Río Cuarto (Córdoba Province) and Lisandro Olmos (Buenos Aires Province) were inoculated on pepper cultivars: California Wonder (control), Fyuco INTA, Yatasto, and Fenomeno RZ. Plants were grown under a greenhouse and galls were analysed by histopathological techniques. Results: The roots of the commercial cultivars showed the typical morpho-anatomical alterations induced by N. celatus: gall formation, hyperplasia reactions, development of syncytia in the central cylinder and disorganisation of vascular tissues. Syncytial cells in contact with females of nematodes from Lisandro Olmos showed a defence reaction by Fyuco INTA, whereas feeding sites in Fenomeno RZ did not denote high metabolic activity in nematodes of both origins. Conclusions: The different responses observed between populations and/or hosts demonstrate the importance of considering nematodes from different geographical origins when testing plant material for tolerance and/or resistance to N. celatus. Studies of this nature are necessary since they facilitate a more in-depth understanding of the parasite-plant interaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Histology is considered one of the most important but challenging topics in health sciences. Deficiencies in teaching and general histology directly affect the student's understanding, performance and promote dynamism and integration while covering the primary curriculum. The goal of the current study was to assess and provide a better experience of difficulties in learning histology, examine some standard teaching strategies, and determine how to implement suitable changes to improve the curriculum from students' perspectives. The study comprised of a self-administered questionnaire that included descriptive questions. Data was collected based on the survey conducted via 100 students studying histology. Data was analyzed further qualitatively and quantitatively to elaborate on the difficulties in this area. Many of them strongly agreed that the lack of essential comprehension regarding using light and electron microscopes resulted in challenges with comprehending and identifying tissue samples for image identification due to inadequate anatomical knowledge. Moreover, according to students, some difficulties understood the topic, perception of new terminologies, and insufficient teaching strategies to grasp students' interests. They also agreed that improvement was needed in terms of the modes of teaching employed by histology teachers; they felt that modern education techniques based on practical tasks should be incorporated to stimulate student interest and make understanding histological concepts easier. The Institution should modify the teaching system to allocate more time to relevant subjects to make this subject matter more interesting. This survey-based study evaluated that students faced some challenges while studying the current curriculum of histology. From the student's perspective, it is identified that some changes are needed to improve the course curriculum and way of teaching to make it more understandable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of medicine begins with the study of the macroscopic and microscopic structure of the human body, which has evolved over the years. In 2019 with the Covid-19 pandemic, education changed from the traditional in-person to virtual modality, which implied a series of changes for teachers and students. In the present work, a questionnaire was administered to 123 medical students at the Catholic University of Santiago of Guayaquil in 2023 about the teaching of anatomy and histology during and after the pandemic. Among the results, 43.1% prefer face-to-face evaluations, 86.2% state that the teacher-student relationship is better in person, virtual education generates demotivation in 57.7%. In theoretical anatomy and histology, it is preferred that the teacher use all the teaching resources available, as well as in practical anatomy, and in practical histology, however, the use of a microscope is preferred by 45.5%. For this reason, face-to-face education is preferred both in theory and in practice of anatomy and histology, being flexible in the pedagogical resources of theory, but in practice, especially in histology, the student prefers conventional teaching. In conclusion, the study of basic medical subjects should be done in person whenever possible, and use the virtual modality in special cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Arqueologia is the property of Revista de Arqueologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universitas Scientiarum is the property of Pontificia Universidad Javeriana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This is a 52-year-old Caucasian female patient, a teacher by profession, with no personal pathological history of interest, who was admitted to the intensive care unit with COVID-19 pneumonia, after several pharmacological treatments and 20 days with a severe restrictive ventilatory pattern, without improvement and finally died. Images were obtained by digital radiography and computed axial tomography of the chest, and a lung histological study was performed. The application of imaging studies allows the observation of histopathological changes for the adequate clinical identification of patients and the implementation of effective therapeutic strategies. The imaging findings that were corroborated by the histopathological study are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quest for aesthetic procedures is experiencing a steady increase in popularity, concomitant with the expanding array of available treatment options. Of notable interest is the burgeoning trend in the use of minimally invasive techniques. Among the various aspects of facial anatomy, the platysma stands as a pivotal element that significantly influences the aesthetic appearance of the neck region. It has garnered particular attention as a strategic focal point in various treatments geared towards enhancing the neck's visual appeal. Additionally, the versatility of the platysma extends beyond the realm of cosmetic improvements. Its functional significance is recognized in reconstructive surgical procedures, where it may be harnessed for specific maneuvers. Furthermore, the muscle serves as a critical access point for minimally invasive endoscopic surgeries in the neck region. While these developments hold great promise, it is crucial to underscore that safety should always take precedence in any medical or surgical approach. This applies equally to the neck region, which presents a complex and intricate anatomical landscape. An in-depth understanding and meticulous investigation of the platysma in all its diverse aspects are paramount to ensuring the success and safety of any procedure conducted in this region. This comprehensive review aspires to provide a contemporary understanding of the platysma, offering an in-depth analysis that encompasses its intricate anatomy, histological characteristics, and multifaceted clinical implications. By delving into these diverse dimensions, it aims to equip healthcare professionals and researchers with a robust foundation for informed decision-making and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mast cells (MC) are cells of the immune system that regulate cell and tissue homeostasis, are found in low numbers, have an intact plasma membrane, and a cytoplasm with a wide variety of inflammatory chemical mediators. The activation or degranulation of mast cells implies the release of these chemical mediators (interleukins, cytokines, and more), causing tissue actions ranging from the activation of metalloproteinases to the development of anaphylactic hypersensitivity of different degrees, alterations in vascular permeability, and loss of cell homeostasis. This behavior would allow them to act as sentinels responding to pathophysiological processes. During the COVID-19 pandemic, in positive human patients, the available literature reports the presence and degranulation of mast cells in a generalized manner, especially in the respiratory tract. This study aimed to analyze the emerging role of MCs in the pathogenesis of diseases and their projection as biological markers in the treatment of diseases or pandemics. The analysis of human biopsies showed that MCs are observed as cells with diameters between 8 to 20 µm, and in inflamed tissues, degranulation of MCs is observed. The action of MCs degranulation was related to different inflammatory processes of autoimmune diseases. It is concluded that the potential of MC as therapeutic targets and biomarkers could raise new pharmacological targets, as supportive therapy, and possibly of great help in the treatment of future emerging pandemics such as the current monkeypox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the morphology of alpacas skin. Biopsies were collected and samples were fixed in 10 % neutral buffered formalin for histological procedures. The sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, picrosirius red and Masson’s trichrome. Types I, III and IV collagen were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The derma presented sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as follicular groups with medullated fibers. Type I and type IV collagen were observed at epidermis and dermis as well as in glandular structures and hair follicles. The collagen III, was observed only in dermis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of death from malignancies worldwide, affecting mainly low- and middle-income countries. By 2020 an incidence of 604,000 new cases was estimated. Objective: To characterize the main hospital indicators of the Cervical Cancer Early Diagnosis Program. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out to characterize the main hospital indicators of the Program in the Neck Pathology Service of the General Hospital Dr. Bruno Zayas Alfonso of Santiago de Cuba, from January 2020 to December 2022. The study population consisted of 443 women. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistic techniques, expressed in frequency and percentages. Results: Of the women studied, 60.9 %had cervical intraepithelial lesion of high degree of malignancy, with 32.6 % positive for cervical cancer. The overall percentage of useless cytological tests was 2.07 and no cells from the processing zone was 4.01, both quality indicators. There was a high significance in terms of the overall coverage rate of women at risk (K=0.615), showing that the results of the cytology largely reflect the diagnosis of histology, with a good agreement. Conclusions: Cervical-vaginal cytology remains the most valuable diagnostic method for detecting cervical intraepithelial neoplasm and early-stage carcinoma in large populations [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mammary glands are modified compound branched tubulo-alveolar sweat glands; whose main function is milk production. They are much more developed in women, and in men they are in a rudimentary state. Breast development begins in the 5th week of intrauterine development by an ectodermal thickening from the armpit to the groin and, by the sixth/seventh week, it condenses to a single pair of mammary ridges. At birth, the glands consist of a series of inactive ducts. At puberty, under the influence of estrogen and progesterone, acini are developed form terminal ducts. It is during pregnancy where the functional differentiation of the gland takes place to prepare the alveoli for lactation. The mammary glands are composed of 15 and 20 ducts (galactophores) that emerge from the nipple, and towards the depth of the mammary tissue they form the terminal duct-lobular unit composed of terminal ducts and acini. The ducts and acini are covered by a luminal cubic epithelial layer and a basal/myoepithelial layer. Understanding embryonic development, anatomy, physiology, and hormonal regulation of the breast is essential to understand the normal function of this organ, and to adequately interpret benign and malignant processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The guinea pig is an animal model widely used in biomedical research due to its biological similarities with humans. The objective of our study is to provide morphological support to use histological preparations of guinea pig embryos as a study model to understand the processes of human embryonic development. Our results show that guinea pig embryos present morphological characteristics similar to those observed in human embryos, suggesting that they can be used as an effective model to study human embryonic development. This finding has important implications for research and teaching using this animal model. Histological preparations of guinea pig embryos stained with hematoxylin eosin, acquired by the Autonomous University of Chile, were analyzed. Photomicrographs of histological preparations of guinea pigs at different stages of development were taken and the best images were selected to describe structures and establish estimates of embryogenesis. From the analysis of the preparations it is clear that organs such as the esophagus, spinal cord and heart present anatomical and histological similarities that make it possible to compare them with human embryonic development and gestation age in early stages. The use of guinea pig embryo preparations and their analysis from a histological aspect turns out to be a feasible methodological strategy due to the similarities in mammalian embryogenesis and the morphological concordances with the development of organs between humans and rodents. This allows this animal model to be implemented as a tool to understand human embryonic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Melanoma is the malignant proliferation of melanocytes associated with aggressive behavior. The objective of this study was to determine the histological variables of cutaneous melanoma. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective study carried out with reports of pathologies with a diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma in a pathology laboratory in Cali between 2016-2021. The variables were age, sex, location, subtype, Breslow thickness, ulceration, margins, mitosis, lymphovascular invasion, neurotropism, tumoral regression, Clark level and tumor infiltration by lymphocytes. Results: One hundred and six reports were obtained and 54 were excluded due to duplication. A descriptive analysis was made on the 52 records that were included, the mean age was 61 years, with a higher frequency in women with 55.8%. Of the 33 cases where the histological subtype was specified, the most frequent was superficial extension with 66.6%, followed by acral lentiginous with 18.1% and nodular with 15.2%. The most frequent location was in the extremities (61.5%); the most common Breslow was IV (34.6%), and the most frequent Clark was IV (34.6%). Ulceration was in 40.4%. The nodular subtype was the most aggressive presentation where 100% presented Breslow IV. Conclusions. The most common subtype of melanoma was that of superficial extension. In our population, the second most frequent was the acral lentiginous subtype, which was always located on the extremities. More than 50% of the melanomas had Breslow greater than or equal to III, which affects the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the gross and microscopic anatomy of the digestive system and adjoining organs (liver and pancreas) of Megaleporinus muyscorum, 25 adult specimens of both sexes, with a total length of 32.5 cm and 339 g, were euthanized. Serial 5 µm sections were obtained by paraffin technique and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The mouth is relatively small in a subterminal position, with large flat teeth directed forwards, the gills are long, separated, and defined, the esophagus and stomach are short and muscular, and the latter is “V” shaped and low volumetric capacity. The pyloric ceca are digitiform and range between ten and 15, the intestine is relatively long, with little distention capacity and three convolutions. The liver is prominent, trilobed, and brownish, and the pancreas is diffuse. Histologically, the digestive system is composed of four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscle, and serosa. The mucosa in the esophagus was made up of longitudinal folds and stratified flat epithelium with abundant goblet cells. The submucosa presented loose connective tissue in the three organs evaluated: the esophagus, stomach, and intestine. The muscular layer of the esophagus is made up of striated muscle with internal and external circular orientation, different from that reported for the stomach and intestine (smooth muscle with circular and longitudinal orientation). The structure of the digestive system of M. muyscorum is like that presented by other teleost, the position of the mouth and the teeth suggest that it has omnivorous feeding habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zdravotnícke Študie is the property of Catholic University in Ruzomberok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klinická Mikrobiologie a Infekční Lékařství is the property of TRIOS, spol. sr.o. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lycium humile Phil., is an extreme halophyte plant, endemic to Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, which grows between 2000 and 4000 m a.s.l. in saline wetlands environments. The aim of this work is to identify morpho-anatomical and histochemical adaptive characteristics of the vegetative organs of L. humile linked to its tolerance to extreme environments of high altitude saline wetlands, in order to evaluate its potential as source of metabolites with commercial value or as source of resistance genes related to abiotic stress tolerance. To carry out the analysis, during the period of February 2018, samples were obtained from plants belonging to 4 populations of the species (5 individuals per population) located at the departments of Antofagasta de la Sierra, Santa María and Ambato, province of Catamarca, Argentina. Leaf and stems were studied using histochemical tests, conventional histological preparations and optical microscopy. Different foliar tissues were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy coupled to elemental X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (EDS). The leaves and stems of the analyzed populations showed uniform anatomical and histochemical features. It was stated for the first time that the succulence of the leaf is reached by the folding of the tissues evidenced in a tridimensional venation pattern. The presence of isolateral-radial mesophyll and aquifer parenchyma is highlighted as a unique feature characteristic for the species. The glandular trichomes and palisade parenchyma revealed complex contents of phenols, flavonoids, proteins, lipids, terpenes, and alkaloids; while the outer layer of the cuticles presented phenolic, terpenic and lipidic deposits. The EDS analysis showed crystalliferous idioblasts with high contents of Ca2+ and Na+. The stems exhibited hypodermis and air chambers formed in the cortical and medullary layers. These anatomical and histochemical characteristics of L. humile represent adaptive traits to saline high-altitude wetland environments. Its functionality in relation to the environment and its potential as source of resistance genes and metabolites interesting for the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparative neurobiology allows us to investigate relationships between phylogeny and the brain and understand the evolution of traits. Bats constitute an attractive group of mammalian species for comparative studies, given their large diversity in behavioural phenotypes, brain morphology, and array of specialised traits. Currently, the order Chiroptera contains over 1,450 species within 21 families and spans ca. 65 million years of evolution. To date, 194 Neotropical bat species (ca. 13% of the total number of species around the world) have been recorded in Central America. This study includes qualitative and quantitative macromorphological descriptions of the brains of 12 species from six families of Neotropical bats. These analyses, which include histological neuronal staining of two species from different families (Phyllostomus hastatus and Saccopteryx bilineata), show substantial diversity in brain macromorphology including brain shape and size, exposure of mesencephalic regions, and cortical and cerebellar fissure depth. Brain macromorphology can in part be explained by phylogeny as species within the same family are more similar to each other. However, macromorphology cannot be explained by evolutionary time alone as brain differences between some phyllostomid bats are larger than between species from the family Emballonuridae despite being of comparable diverging distances in the phylogenetic tree. This suggests that faster evolutionary changes in brain morphology occurred in phyllostomids — although a larger number of species needs to be studied to confirm this. Our results show the rich diversity in brain morphology that bats provide for comparative and evolutionary studies. La neurobiología comparativa nos permite investigar las relaciones entre filogenia y el cerebro, y comprender la evolución de rasgos. Los murciélagos constituyen un grupo atractivo de especies de mamíferos para estudios comparativos, dada su gran diversidad en fenotipos de comportamiento, morfología cerebral y variedad de rasgos especializados. Actualmente, el orden de murciélagos Chiroptera contiene más de 1,450 especies a lo largo de 21 familias y abarcando ca. 65 millones de años de evolución. 194 especies de murciélagos Neotropicales han sido registrados en América Central en la actualidad. Este estudio incluye descripciones macromorfológicas cualitativas y cuantitativas de cerebros de doce especies de seis familias de murciélagos Neotropicales. Estos análisis, que incluyen tinción neuronal usando una técnica histológica en dos especies de diferentes familias (Phyllostomus hastatus y Saccopteryx bilineata), muestran una diversidad sustancial en la macromorfología cerebral, incluida la forma y el tamaño del cerebro, la exposición de las regiones mesencefálicas y la profundidad de las fisuras corticales y cerebelosas. La macromorfología del cerebro puede explicarse en parte por la filogenia, ya que las especies dentro de la misma familia son más similares entre sí. Sin embargo, la macromorfología no puede explicarse solo por el tiempo evolutivo, ya que entre algunas especies de murciélagos filostómidos hay mayores diferencias que entre especies de la familia Emballonuridae, a pesar de tener distancias divergentes comparables en el árbol filogenético. Esto sugiere que se produjeron cambios evolutivos más rápidos en la morfología del cerebro en filostómidos, aunque para confirmar esto es necesario estudiar un mayor número de especies. Nuestros resultados muestran la gran diversidad en la morfología del cerebro que proporcionan los murciélagos para estudios comparativos y evolutivos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Palaeontology is the property of Socieadad Espanola de Paleontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Zoologica Lilloana is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mammary gland has its embryological origin, later it differentiates histologically and anatomically; over time new findings have been discovered, as well as new terminology. The aim of this work was to describe the update on the morphological aspects of the mammary gland. A search for articles was carried out in different primary and secondary sources of scientific literature such as: Pubmed, Embase, WOS, Scopus, Scielo, obtaining 623 publications, 53 selected for review and 17 included. The breast has been updated in morphological aspects; the ducts are located close to the areola and the nipple where they open directly, the branches of the ducts are located close to the areola; the nipples have between 15 and 20 lobes, of which only 5-9 are true mammary duct orifices, there are no lactiferous sinuses, so the milk flows directly into the nipple, in terms of innervation of the breast they are innervated by the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves. The existing evidence demonstrates the need for permanent studies in the field of morphology, as described in this review article on the breast. In different aspects, such as terms, functions and structures. This information is important for undergraduate and postgraduate training, and its use in the clinic, identification of pathologies, lactation clinics, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El estudio del tracto digestivo de especies de la familia Eleotridae ha sido poco abordado a pesar de su importancia para entender la fisiología de los peces, su nutrición, asociaciones tróficas y aplicación en acuicultura. El chame Dormitator latifrons es una de las especies de la familia Eleotridae con gran potencial para la acuicultura, de la cual se conoce muy poco sobre su sistema digestivo. Este trabajo describe la morfología e histología del tracto digestivo de D. latifrons y compara las variables morfométricas entre estadios y sexos, en 127 ejemplares recolectados en un sistema de cultivo. A cada pez se le registraron los datos biométricos y posteriormente se extrajo el tracto digestivo el cual fue descrito, medido por secciones, y se fijaron fragmentos de tejido en formalina neutra al 10 % para análisis histológico. Las muestras de tejido fueron procesadas por la técnica de inclusión en parafina y teñidas con hematoxilina y eosina; los datos morfométricos fueron comparados entre estadios y sexos. El tracto digestivo estuvo compuesto por boca, faringe, esófago, estómago, intestino y ano; y cada sección presentó las cuatro capas de tejido concéntrico (mucosa, submucosa, muscular y adventicia/serosa) características del sistema digestivo de los peces. Morfológicamente lo más distintivo fue la presencia de un estómago tubular en forma de “I”, bien delimitado y con abundantes glándulas gástricas tubulares. La longitud y el índice intestinales fueron significativamente diferentes entre estadios y sexos, posicionando a los juveniles en el nivel trófico omnívoro mientras que los adultos se posicionan como herbívoros; el análisis por sexo mostró un índice intestinal significativamente menor en las hembras respecto a los machos. Los resultados muestran un comportamiento politrófico del chame D. latifrons que podría estar asociado al hábitat, a la disponibilidad de alimento, o la madurez sexual. La presencia de un estómago funcional permite clasificar a esta especie como gástrica y abre la posibilidad de estudios futuros sobre la fisiología digestiva de esta especie y composición de la dieta idónea para organismos cultivados, temas hasta ahora muy poco atendidos.

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To describe the clinical manifestation and the diagnostic process of a patient with peritoneal tuberculosis as a clinical challenge in a tertiary referral center in a Latin American country. Case description: A 61-year-old male patient from the urban area of Cali consulted for edema in the lower limbs, ascites, hyporexia, weight loss, cachexia, thrombocytopenia, elevated transaminases, imaging of splenomegaly and pulmonary, hepatic, and peritoneum nodules. Initially, neoplasia was suspected, but the adenosine deaminase report and histopathology were consistent with the diagnosis of peritoneal tuberculosis. Conclusion: Peritoneal tuberculosis represents the sixth cause of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, after lymphatic, pleural, osteoarticular, genitourinary, and meningeal manifestations. Despite having surveillance systems, peritoneal tuberculosis is still considered the most challenging infectious disease to reach a definitive diagnosis. We present a case of disseminated tuberculosis in which invasion of the peritoneum was verified, for which tetraconjugate treatment was started; however, the patient showed an adverse hepatic reaction and died due to multisystem involvement of a pulmonary infectious complication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Iberá macrosystem has several types of vegetation, where in addition to aquatic and marsh vegetation are found hydrophilic forests, savannahs with a predominance of grasses and grasslands with shrub species interspersed among the herbaceous species. Previous studies of leaf anatomy were only carried out on aquatic and marsh plants. In this work, leaf anatomy was studied in predominant or frequent species growing in grasslands and forests of the Iberá macrosystem, with the aim of detecting leaf structural characters that may represent adaptive value to these environments. Leaves of 42 species corresponding to 26 families were analyzed with optical and scanning electron microscopy. Statistical analysis was performed based on a data matrix of the anatomical characters analyzed, also including the environment types in which the species studied grow. The analyzed characters of the epidermis were: cuticle design, stomata, trichomes, design of epidermal cells of both epidermis, where a predominance of identical morphology on both sides was observed. In the mesophyll, the type, presence and form of calcium and inulin crystals, and distribution of glandular structures such as laticifers, cavities and secretory cells were evaluated. The data reported are discussed in relation to the available literature. No constant characters associated with a particular vegetation type are found. Species living in the same environment do not have similar anatomical features, as shown by clustering analysis (UPGMA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Nacional de Odontología is the property of Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To evaluate the histological adverse effects of alendronate administered systemically and topically in combination with orthodontic movement by intense force. Thirty-six 24-week-old female Wistar rats, ovariectomized, were used and divided into three groups (n = 12/group): control, locally treated with saline (0.07 ml/kg/week) (group 1) and experimental, treated with alendronic acid systemically (0.07 mg/kg/week) (group 2) and locally (7 mg/kg/week) (group 3). At 14 days, an orthodontic anchor was installed in the right first molar, and a force of 144 cN was applied for 28 days. The samples were processed for histological evaluation. Descriptive statistics, Shapiro-Wilk tests, one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction, one-way repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square tests were performed. All tests were statistically significant at p <0.05. The adverse events found in all groups were inflammation and osteoclastic activity. In the bisphosphonate-treated groups, there were statistically significant differences (p = 0.005) in the osteoclastic activity between the two hemiarcates. All rats in group 2 presented paralytic ileus. Compared to local administration, systemic treatment with alendronic acid produces more adverse effects, such as inflammation, fibrinoid necrosis, and osteoclastic activity. During the application of intense forces, it was not possible to show that there is necrosis associated with bisphosphonates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The teaching of basic biomedical sciences at the Cienfuegos University of Medical Sciences had its beginnings in 1982 with the opening of the first year of the medical career at the Medical Sciences Faculty of that southern province, initially dependent, since the methodological point of view, from the Villa Clara Medical Sciences Higher Institute. The directors, professors and technicians who began teaching with the first Carlos J. Finlay Medical Sciences detachment are mentioned in this research, the result of the Commander in Chief Fidel Castro Ruz’ thought to universalize the teaching of medical sciences throughout the country. As the forty years of this teaching event in the Cienfuegos province were completed in 2022, this research serves as acknowledgement to the basic biomedical sciences teaching initiators in this province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pygocentrus nattereri is a widely distributed species in the Neotropical region and a potential bio-indicator. Kidneys have functions in fish physiology, allowing them to live in different environments. We aimed to compare the histological characteristics of caudal kidneys between males and females, associating them with the renosomatic index (RSI). For this purpose, 15 males and 14 females were used for biometric and histological analyses. Structural volumetric density (SVD), renal corpuscle histometric measures, and hemosiderin and lipofuscin deposit frequency in macrophages melanogenic (MMs) were assessed. No biometric differences were observed between the sexes, but body weight and standard length were correlated with RSI. The SVD showed difference in hematopoietic tissue between female and males, whereas the density of the other structures was not different. The RSI was positively associated with hematopoietic tissue and proximal tubule density in contrast to distal tubules, blood vessels, collecting ducts and MMs. Females exhibited a higher renal corpuscle area, glomerulus area, distal tubule diameter, collecting tubule area, and collecting tubule lumen area. These differences may be due to metabolic differences between males and females. Sex effect in P. nattereri may define punctual differences in future studies on the metabolism and immunity of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary ventilation is a mechanical process in which the respiratory muscles act in coordination to maintain the oxygenation of the organism. Any alteration in the performance of these muscles may reduce the effectiveness of the process. The respiratory muscles differ from the other skeletal muscles in the vital support that they provide through rhythmiccontractions. The structure and energy system of the muscles are specially adapted to perform this function. The composition of the respiratory muscles is exceptional; they are small, and present an abundant capillary network, endowing them with a high aerobic level and resistance to fatigue. Coordinated regulation of the local renin-angiotensin system provides proper blood flow and energy supply in the myofibrils of the skeletal muscle tissue. Specifically, this performance will depend to a large extent on blood flow and glucose consumption, regulated by the renin-angiotensin system. The angiotensin converting enzyme is responsible for degrading kinins, which finally regulate muscle bioenergy and glucose between the blood vessel and the skeletal muscle. The objective of this review is to describe the structure of the respiratory muscles and their association with the angiotensin converting enzyme gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-learning courses become increasingly important and relevant in medicine and health sciences over the last decade. However, there are few teaching experiences of e-learning histology courses published in the literature worldwide. Moreover, most of these studies focus on the didactic aspects of the course without exploring student participation. The study presented below aimed to validate a scale to measure student participation in an e-learning histology course. We provide evidence of validity of the instrument based on its internal structure for use with medical, nursing, and midwifery students. The participants in this study were a group of 426 Chilean medical, nursing and midwifery students from a public university who completed the questionnaire in two consecutive semesters (2020-2021). Data from the first group of students were used to perform an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), while data from the second group of participants were used to perform a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three factors identified according to the CFA were: "Habits of online," "Motivation for online learning," and "Interaction of online". After eliminating one of the initial items of the instrument, the scale showed acceptable psychometric properties suggesting that it is a useful instrument to measure students' perception of their participation in e-learning histology courses. The factors identified through the validation of the instrument provide relevant information for teachers and curriculum developers to create and implement different ways of encouraging student participation in elearning histology courses to support online learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica is the property of Acta Veterinaria Brasilica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The gallbladder is a small hollow organ located below the right lobe of the liver and connected to the duodenum by the common bile duct; its function is the storage and concentration of bile. It is anatomically divided into fundus, body and neck. The conical area of the body that joins the neck is the infundibulum and the Hartmann's pouch can be found in this area. The cystic duct contains spirally arranged mucosal outgrowths (Heister's valves), which are involved in regulating the flow of bile into and out of the gallbladder. The gallbladder wall is made up of 3 layers: mucosa (mucous), muscular and serous (the latter only on the free face); the area attached to the liver is fixed to the liver by interlobular connective tissue and is where the Luschka ducts are located. The gallbladder does not have a submucosa. The mucosal lining is arranged in folds covered by simple columnar epithelium (chief cells), PAS positive, and express MUC5AC, MUC6, alpha-1-antitrypsin and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, as well as EMA, CAM 5.2, CK 7 and CA 19 -9. In addition, they express (are positive for various) adhesion molecules such as α-catenin, β-catenin, δ-catenin, CD44, CD99, and E-cadherin. The carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is focally positive in the apical epithelial zone. There are mucous glands located exclusively in the neck of the gallbladder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardinal tetra Paracheirodon axelrodi is a species of the family Characidae of great interest as an ornamental fish. Many aspects of the biology of this species are still unknown. The present work presents a complete description of the different components of the digestive tract of P axelrodi, analyzing its global anatomical arrangement, the adjacent glands (liver and pancreas) and the previously ignored pyloric caeca, using histological and histochemical techniques with light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Three levels of analysis were performed: macroscopic anatomy, histology of the gastrointestinal tract and scanning electron microscopy of mucosal surfaces. The intestinal coefficient (Ci) of P. axelrodi calculated here (0.94) is within the expected range for a carnivorous species. The anatomy of the alimentary and the resulting Ci is consistent with carnivorous diet in line with dietary studies in the wild in this species. The digestive tract, including adjacent glands (liver and pancreas), presented a relatively conserved general pattern within that described for other species of the family Characidae, especially at the histological level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine histologically the length of the sarcomeres (LS) in muscle samples from commercial cuts in Romosinuano by Brahman bovine bulls. Materials and methods. Eighteen (18) muscle cuts with four repetitions of ten bulls (approx. 24m of age and 525±28.9 kg) were analyzed for the measurement of the bands that make up the LS, by staining with hematoxylin - eosin. The number of “A bands” present at 20 µm in each of the slices were counted. Results. The general average of LS for the 18 cuts was 2.12 µm. The longest LS were observed in the iliopsoas (3.32 µm) and tensor fasciae latae (3.26 µm) muscles (both p>0.05), which were significantly longer (p<0.05) than those obtained for the biceps femoris (1.69 µm) and gluteus medius (1.71 µm) muscles, which were considered to have lower SL (both p>0.05). Conclusions. Differences in LS were found between several muscles that correspond to commercial cuts from Colombia. The differences are related to the type, location and arrangement of the muscle in the carcass during cooling. The iliopsoas muscle (sirloin or fillet), cataloged in the market as a fine cut due to its tenderness, was the one with the highest SL. This is preliminary work for a Colombian Creole cross; therefore, it is necessary to continue deepening studies that allow elucidating to what extent there is an effect of the breed and of the industrial processes (thermal treatment and disposal of the carcasses in cold chambers) on the LS; but also, about the cause/effect relationship between LS and meat tenderness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bovine horns is an anatomical region that has been poorly studied from an anatomical and physiological point of view. The lidia bull is an iconic animal and its horns a mythological symbol of integrity, to such an extent that farmers resort to applying synthetic resins covers to preserve it from any manipulation. With the present work it is intended to study the histological structure of the horn of the lidia bull, analyzing the possible influence of the practice of "sheathing" on it. To this end, horns have been collected from 30 bulls (4-5 years old) in bullrings in, with a control group of 15 animals not sheathed. After the analyses, the normal histological structure of the bull's horns is described and the lesions observed in some animals, such as spongiosis in the stratum spinosum, cellular disorganization of the stratum basalis or the presence of multiple neovessels in the dermis, are described. No effect of sheathing is detected at the histological level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Odontología. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo is the property of Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zdravotnícke Študie is the property of Catholic University in Ruzomberok and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Titanosaurian sauropods are known to exhibit remarkable body size disparity, with some taxa famed for nearing the zenith of terrestrial vertebrate body size. Here, we describe a new titanosaurian - Ibirania parva gen. et sp. nov. - from the Upper Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) São José do Rio Preto Formation of Bauru Basin, in which represents one of the smallest sauropods known to date. The new taxon is diagnosed by seven autapomorphies and had an estimated body length of 5.7 m. Histological and µCT scan analyses showed that this new taxon is represented by skeletally mature individuals, which had attained somatic maturity prior to death. Phylogenetic analyses recovered the new taxon deeply nested within Saltasaurinae, a clade previously known by small-sized forms. Ibirania parva gen. et sp. nov. brings new information indicating that the body size reduction in some titanosaurians could be driven by recurrent ecophysiographical settings, present in South America prior to the diversity peak attained by the group during the Campanian-Maastrichtian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor (AOT) is a slow and indolent but progressive growing benign epithelial odontogenic tumor, usually diagnosed in the anterior maxilla, especially in children and adolescents, with a preference for women. Enucleation is the indicated treatment. This article focuses on a 17-year-old male student, complaining of pain on the left side of the face. Cone-beam Computed Tomography showed unilocular hypodense image anterior to the 3.4 tooth's root causing buccal cortical bulging. With the diagnostic hypotheses of lateral periodontal cyst, keratocyst, AOT, among others, excisonal biopsy was performed with consequent enucleation of the lesion. Macroscopic examination of the specimen showed a round soft tissue fragment, brownish, of fibrous consistency, which after section showed cystic and solid areas inside. The histopathological diagnosis was TOA. The patient is currently in the fourth year of proservation, with no signs of relapse. The present report illustrates the case of an infrequent odontogenic tumor, in an unusual clinical presentation, the interradicular extrafollicular, occurring in the mandible and showing dense cystic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Manuel Ignacio Monteros Valdivieso was an Ecuadorian professor based in Cuba, who stood out for a prolific literary production on histology, history of medicine and Ecuador. Among the books he wrote in Cuba is the biography of the Spanish scientist Santiago Ramón y Cajal. This work aims to picture the intellectual work of Manuel I. Monteros Valdivieso through his work "Vida de Cajal. Synthesis and perpetuation of the work of the Genius of Spain". The historiographical and analytical-synthetic method was used. A bibliographic search was carried out in Cumed, PubMed, Scopus, Dialnet and SciELO and other digital sources. With his own style, Valdivieso undertook this biographical work on the Spanish scientist Cajal, extolling his contributions to neuroscience. The book written by Valdivieso is the most prominent work by a Latin American author on the Spanish scientist, who was known for his contributions to neuroscience, but little is known about the sacrifices and adversities he had to face, as well as his self-sacrifice and perseverance with those who achieved triumphs in the investigation. Valdivieso was self-taught, his intellectual production reached its peak with the publication of the book on Cajal, which allowed Cubans to get to better know the famous Spaniard. Valdivieso was respected by the teaching staff and his students, who remember the valuable qualities that characterized him. His work constitutes a valuable contribution to the historiography of Cuban medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]