Search

We perform an analysis on the non-leptonic two-body weak decays of $\Lambda^{0}_{b}$ within the framework of the final-state rescattering mechanism. The strong phases can be obtained by realizing complete hadronic triangle loop integrations. Then the CP violation and decay asymmetry parameters can be predicted. In this work, we focus on the exclusive decays of $\Lambda^{0}_{b}\to p\pi^{-}/K^{-}/\rho^{-}/K^{*-}$ and $\Lambda\phi$ and achieve numerical predictions for many observables, including branching ratios, direct and partial-wave CP asymmetries, and decay asymmetry parameters. The results are very consistent with the current data, showing the validity of the final-state rescattering mechanism for $b$-baryon decays. It is therefore expected to be applied to predict CP asymmetries in many other channels of $b$-baryon decays., Comment: 46 pages

The era of baryon physics is on the horizon with the accumulation of increasing data by collaborations such as LHCb, Belle II, and BESIII. Despite the wealth of data, one of the critical issues in flavor physics, namely CP violation in baryon decays, still awaits experimental confirmation. It is evident that the development of formulas and phenomenological analyses will play a pivotal role in advancing theoretical investigations and experimental measurements in this domain. In this work, we discuss the fundamental definitions and properties of polarization, asymmetry parameters and their associated CP violating observables that may arise in baryon decays. Additionally, we provide a detailed analysis of b-baryon quasi-two and -three body decays based on angular distributions. We highlight the significance of CP asymmetries defined by spin and momentum correlations, as non-trivial spin distributions are expected in baryon decays due to their non-zero polarization in productions and decays. Of particular importance is a complementary relation can be establised for two different types of observables, that are $\mathcal{T}$-even and -odd CP asymmetries respectively. The complementarity indicates that one observable exhibits the sine dependence on strong phase $\Delta\delta$, while another exhibits as cosine. This gives us an distinctive opportunity to avoid the potential large suppression to CP asymmetries from small phase $\Delta\delta$. Two points (\textbf{i}) the exact proof of strong phase dependence behaviour, and (\textbf{ii}) the criterion for complementary observables are clarified. Based on these arguments from theoretical aside, some brief discussions and suggestions on experimental measurements are offered in the final discussions. Lastly, we present a pedagogical introduction to angular distribution techniques based on helicity descriptions for both two and three body decays., Comment: 66 pages

It is a long-standing puzzle why the CP violation (CPV) in the baryon system has not yet been definitively established as in the meson one. We demonstrate that individual partial-wave CPV in the $\Lambda_b\to p\pi^-$, $pK^-$ decays can exceed $10\%$, but the destruction between partial waves results in small net direct CPV as measured currently. Our finding highlights the different dynamics responsible for CPVs in baryon and meson decays. We propose to probe the CPV observables associated with the angular distributions of the $\Lambda_b\to pa_1(1260)$, $pK_1(1270)$ decay products, which are large enough for being identified experimentally., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, 2 tables

The dynamical studies on the non-leptonic weak decays of charmed baryons are always challenging, due to the large non-perturbative contributions at the charm scale. In this work, we develop the final-state rescattering mechanism to study the two-body non-leptonic decays of charmed baryons. The final-state interaction is a physical picture of long-distance effects. Instead of using the Cutkosky rule to calculate the hadronic triangle diagrams which can only provide the imaginary part of decay amplitudes, we point out that the loop integral is more appropriate, as both the real parts and the imaginary parts of amplitudes can be calculated completely. In this way, it can be obtained for the non-trivial strong phases which are essential to calculate CP violations. With the physical picture of long-distance effects and the reasonable method of calculations, it is amazingly achieved that all the nine existing experimental data of branching fractions for the $\Lambda_c^+$ decays into an octet light baryon and a vector meson can be explained by only one parameter of the model. Besides, the decay asymmetries and CP violations are not sensitive to the model parameter, since the dependence on the parameter is mainly cancelled in the ratios, so that the theoretical uncertainties on these observables are lowered down., Comment: 32 pages,10 figures, 5 tables, published version

There is a long-standing puzzle that the CP violation (CPV) in the baryon systems has never been well established in experiments, while the CPV of mesons have been observed by decades. In this paper, we propose that the CPV of baryon decays can be generated with the rescatterings of a nucleon and a pion into some final states, i.e. $N\pi\to N\pi$ or $N\pi\pi$. Benefited by the fruitful data of $N\pi$ scatterings, we can model-independently analyse the strong phases of $b$-baryon decays using the partial wave amplitudes of $N\pi$ scatterings. Avoiding the most difficult problem of non-perturbative dynamics, it makes a great advantage to predict the CPV of baryon decays with a relatively reliable understanding of the decay dynamics. We study the processes of $\Lambda_b^0\to (p\pi^+\pi^-)h^-$ and $(p\pi^0)h^-$ with $h=\pi$ or $K$. It is found that the global CPV of the above processes in the invariant mass regions of $N\pi$ scatterings are at the order of several percent. More importantly, the local CPV in some regions of the Dalitz plots can reach the order of $10\%$, or be even larger. Considering the predicted results and the experimental data samples, we strong suggest to measure the CPV of $\Lambda_b^0\to (p\pi^+\pi^-)K^-$, which has a large possibility to achieve the first observation of CPV in the baryon system., Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table. Updated to match the published version

We propose that the cascade decay $\Lambda_b \to D(\to K^+\pi^-) N(\to p\pi^-)$ may serve as the discovery channel for baryonic CP violation. This decay chain is contributed by, dominantly, the amplitudes with the intermediate $D$ state as $D^0$ or $\bar{D}^0$. The large weak phase between the two kinds of amplitudes suggests the possibility of significant CP violation. While the presence of undetermined strong phases may complicate the dependence of CP asymmetry, our phenomenological analysis demonstrates that CP violation remains prominent across a broad range of strong phases. The mechanism also applies to similar decay modes such as $\Lambda_b \rightarrow D(\rightarrow K^+ K^-) \Lambda$. Considering the anticipated luminosity of LHCb, we conclude that these decay channels offer a promising opportunity to uncover CP violation in the baryon sector.

In this letter, we propose a novel approach to concurrently measure the complementary $CP$ violation observables induced by $T$-odd correlations and their corresponding $T$-even counterparts, where $T$ represents time reversal. Our analysis demonstrates that $T$-odd and -even correlations, when satisfying specific conditions, result in cosine and sine strong phase dependencies of the corresponding $CP$ violation, respectively. Additionally, we identify pairs of these $CP$ violation observables in hadron decays depend on precisely the same strong phases within the helicity amplitude scheme. This complementarity effectively reduces the strong phase reliance in the study of $CP$ violation, while also mitigating the risk of suppressed $CP$ violation due to exceptionally small strong phases. Furthermore, our proposal holds potential for uncovering $CP$ violation in baryon decays that have not yet been observed in experiments., Comment: match the submission version

CP violation (CPV) in the baryon sectors has not yet been established experimentally. In this work, we propose to search for the hyperon CPV through the Cabibbo-favored charm-baryon decaying processes involving a hyperon in the final states, such as $\Lambda_c^+\to \Lambda^0\pi^+, \Lambda^0\to p\pi^-$. The CPV of the hyperon decays are purely revealed in these chain processes, since the CPV in the Cabibbo-favored charm decays are vanishing in the Standard Model (SM). The hyperons are polarized in the weak charm decays, so that we can measure the Lee-Yang asymmetric parameter $\alpha$ by the angular distributions, and then can measure the $\alpha$-induced CPV. It can be found that it is accessible for Belle II and LHCb to reach the SM prediction of the hyperon CPV in the near future., Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure. References and discussions are added

The exotic states $X_{0,1}(2900)$ with the quark flavor of $cs\bar{u}\bar{d}$ are recently observed in the mass spectrum of $D^+K^-$ in $B^-\to D^-D^+K^-$ by the LHCb collaboration. To explore the nature of $X_{0,1}(2900)$, except for analyzing their masses and decay widths as usually did in literatures, the study of their production mechanism in $B$-meson weak decays would provide another important information. The amplitude of $B^-\to D^- X_{0,1}$ is non-factorizable. We consider the final-state-interaction effects and calculate them via the rescattering mechanism. The measured branching fractions of $B^-\to D^- X_{0,1}$ are revealed. It is manifested by ${B}^-\to \Lambda_c^-\Xi_c^{(\prime)0}$ and $\Lambda_b^0\to P_c^+K^-$ that the rescattering mechanism can result in the relatively large branching fractions. The similar processes of $B^-\to \pi^-X_{0,1}$ are also analyzed. The isospins of $X_{0,1}$ can be investigated by $B\to DX_{0,1}^{\pm,0}$ decays., Comment: 12 pages, 10 figures. Version published in EPJC. Additional contributions are added in $B\to \pi X_{0,1}$ in Fig.8. Numerical results of the isospin-partner processes are changed by a factor of 2 in Eqs.(12) and (13)