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A nanoporous Cu 2 TiSn Heusler alloy is prepared by dealloying-induced phase transformation for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction in neutral conditions and to achieve value-added ammonium phosphomolybdate. [Display omitted] Heusler alloys are a series of well-established intermetallic compounds with abundant structure and elemental substitutions, which are considered as potentially valuable catalysts for integrating multiple reactions owing to the features of ordered atomic arrangement and optimized electronic structure. Herein, a nanoporous copper titanium tin (np-Cu 2 TiSn) Heusler alloy is successfully prepared by the (electro)chemical dealloying transformation method, which exhibits high nitrate (NO 3 –) reduction performance with an NH 3 Faradaic efficiency of 77.14 %, an NH 3 yield rate of 11.90 mg h−1 mg−1 cat , and a stability for 100 h under neutral condition. Significantly, we also convert NO 3 − to high-purity ammonium phosphomolybdate with NH 4 + collection efficiency of 83.8 %, which suggests a practical approach to convert wastewater nitrate into value-added ammonia products. Experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that the electronic structure of Cu sites is modulated by the ligand effect of surrounding Ti and Sn atoms, which can simultaneously enhance the activation of NO 3 −, facilitate the desorption of NH 3 , and reduce the energy barriers, thereby boosting the electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two-way shape memory effect with reversible compressive strain up to 5.1% and high cyclic stability is obtained for Ni44Fe19Ga27Co10 (at.%) single crystals by stress-induced martensite aging at 398 K for 1–3 h, under 650 MPa. 100 cycles of thermal treatment at temperatures not exceeding aging temperature, do not affect the temperature of the martensite formation, and reversible strain reduces merely by 0.4%. Thermal cycling with aging overheating significantly decreases reversible strain down to 1% due to the austenite stabilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using first-principles calculations based on density-functional theory, this paper investigates the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the Heusler alloy Mn2LiGe bulk and its (001) surfaces. The Mn2LiGe bulk is demonstrated to be inverse Heusler alloy with space group of F43m and lattice constant of 5. 87 Å. A direct band gap with a width of 1. 1 eV near the Fermi surface of the spin-down channel is detected. The Mn2LiGe bulk possesses stable half-metallic and magnetism in the lattice constant range of 5. 55 - 6. 33 Å. In addition, six different surface structures of Mn2LiGe are constructed in this paper. The first layer atoms on the surface undergo different displacements, increasing the surface roughness. Due to surface effects, the magnetic properties of atoms on the surface are different compared to those in the bulk. Both the MnA MnA and MnB MnB surface structures have the highest magnetic moments, while the LiLi and the GeGe surface structures have the lowest magnetic moments. Electronic structure calculations show that the half-metallic band gap present in the bulk is destroyed in all six surface structures and the spin polarization is weakened in varying degrees. Only the LiLi surface structure maintains up to 99. 9% of the surface spin polarization, making the surface an excellent prospect for applications in spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on first-principles calculations in the density functional theory, we systematically investigated the possible interface structure, magnetism, and electronic properties of the all-Heusler alloy Co2MnGe/CoTiMnGe(100) heterojunction. The calculation indicated that the Co2MnGe Heusler alloy is a half-metal with a magnetic moment of 4.97 μ^ CoTiMnGe is a narrow-band gap semiconductor and may act as an ultra-sensitive photocatalyst. We cannot find an "ideal" spin-polarization of 100% in CoCo termination and MnGe termination. Due to the interface interaction, the direct magnetic hybridization or indirect RKKY exchange will be weakened, leading to an increase in the atomic magnetic moment of the interfacial layer. For eight possible heterojunction structures, the half-metallic gaps in the Co2MnGe bulk have been destroyed by the inevitable interface states. The spin-polarization value of 94.31% in the CoCo-TiGe-B heterojunction revealed that it is the most stable structure. It is feasible to search for high-performance magnetic tunnel junction by artificially constructing suitable all-Heusler alloy heterojunctions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of tuning different transitions, Co and V are substituted in Mn-rich Ni-Mn-Ga alloy. Ni41Co9Mn30V2Ga18 sample undergoes a coupled magnetostructural transition above room temperature with a low thermal and magnetic hysteresis and high sensitivity of martensite transition temperature (8 K/T) with the field. ∆SM is found to be a maximum of −2.33 J/kg-K for 3 T field change with a large RCP of 158 J/kg. The presence of intermartensite transition along with the magnetostructural transition widens the range of working temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Heusler-type Fe2VAl alloy is a promising candidate for use in fabricating a thermoelectric power generation device because of its large Seebeck coefficient and high electrical conductivity. However, the high thermal conductivity of this alloy, as a thermoelectric material, degrades its power generation capacity. In this study, to reduce its thermal conductivity, the microstructure of a sintered Fe2V1.08Al0.92 alloy prepared via a powder metallurgical process was modified by adding oxide nanoparticles. Via the dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles, a sintered Fe2V1.08Al0.92 alloy with fine grains of approximately 200nm in size was obtained due to the pinning effect on grain growth during sintering. The thermal conductivity was reduced from 16 to 11W/mK. Upon La2O3 addition, the grain size of the Fe2V1.08Al0.92 alloy was reduced to approximately 100nm and the thermal conductivity was further reduced to 10W/mK. The difference in grain refinement could be caused by the lower stability of La2O3, which facilitated dispersion during ball milling, compared to that of Al2O3. As these microstructure refinements negatively affected the electronic properties, the thermoelectric performance of the Fe2V1.08Al0.92 alloy could not be enhanced. However, partial microstructure refinement with sparsely distributed La2O3 could slightly enhance the thermoelectric performance due to an appreciable reduction in the thermal conductivity without a considerable degradation in the electronic properties. By using these thermoelectric properties, a simple estimation of thermoelectric power generation, assuming a thermal resistance between the heat sources and thermoelectric module, was conducted. Remarkably, the results suggested that the reduction in thermal conductivity could enhance the output power density and conversion efficiency and reduce the optimal leg length. Thus, practically, controlling the balance between the electronic and thermal properties via microstructural modification is favorable in improving the practicability of the Fe2VAl alloy by enhancing the power generation capacity and reducing the sizes and masses of thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heusler alloy has been widely utilized in magnetoresistive sensors to enhance the device performance. In this work, we theoretically investigate the performance of Heusler-alloy-based magnetoresistive sensors with a synthetic antiferromagnet (SAF) layer. The atomistic model combined with the spin accumulation model will be used in this work. The former is used to construct the reader stack and investigate the magnetization dynamics in the system. The latter is employed to describe the spin transport behavior at any position of the structure. We first perform simulations of the exchange bias (EB) phenomenon in the IrMn/ C o 2 F e S i (CFS) system providing a high EB field. Then, a realistic reader stack of IrMn/CFS/Ru/CFS/Ag/CFS is constructed via an atomistic model. Subsequently, the resistance–area product (RA) and magnetoresistance (MR) ratio of the reader can be calculated by using the spin accumulation model. As a result of the spin transport behavior in the Heusler-alloy-based reader stack including SAF structure at 0 K, an enhancement of the MR ratio up to 120 % and RA < 40 m Ω ⋅ μ m 2 can be observed. This study demonstrates the important role of the Heusler alloy and SAF layer in the development of magnetoresistive sensors for the application of readers in hard disk drives with an areal density beyond 2 Tb in−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Half-metallic ferromagnetic Heusler alloys attracted much attention in the last few decades due to their significant physical properties as well as its potential applications in spintronic devices. To explore and predict the various physical properties of Co-based Heusler alloy, Co2MnSi (CMS), First principles calculations are of interest and has been used in the present study. Optimized E–V curves represent that CMS alloy is most stable in its magnetic L21 structural phase. The electronic charge density plot represents the ionic bonding along with co-valent character for the compound. DOS and BS calculations shows 100% spin polarization at Fermi level (EF) which confirms the half metallic character of the compound. DOS exhibited the prominent role of Co-3d and Mn-3d electronic states along with Si-2p electronic states. Estimated magnetic moment of Co2MnSi Heusler alloy was found to be ~ 5μB per f. u. which is in line with the Slater-Pauling behaviour. Dynamical stability of Co2MnSi Heusler alloy has also been verified by the phonon dispersion curves which revealed that compound is dynamically stable. Additionally, the physical properties have also been explored as a consequence of SOC and significant changes in electronic and optical properties were observed. The observed significant results of electronic, magnetic, and optical properties of CMS Heusler alloy makes it promising towards potential application in optical and spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the downsizing of functional Heusler alloys is discussed, focusing on the published results dealing with Heusler alloy nanowires. The theoretical information inspired the fabrication of novel nanowires that are presented in the results section of the article. Three novel nanowires were fabricated with the compositions of Ni66Fe21Ga13, Ni58Fe28In14, and Ni50Fe31Sn19. The Ni66Fe21Ga13 nanowires were fabricated, aiming to improve the stoichiometry of previous functional Ni-Fe-Ga Heusler nanomaterials with a functional behavior above room temperature. They exhibit a phase transition at the temperature of ≈375 K, which results in a magnetocaloric response of |ΔSM| ≈ 0.12 J·kg−1·K−1 at the magnetic field change of only μ0ΔH = 1 T. Novel Heusler alloy Ni58Fe28In14 nanowires, as well as Ni50Fe31Sn19 nanowires, are analyzed for the first time, and their magnetic properties are discussed, introducing a simple electrochemical approach for the fabrication of nanodimensional alloys from mutually immiscible metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the article, within the framework of the theory of micromagnetism, a magneto-elastic microstructural model of the behavior of a ferromagnetic material with the shape memory (Heusler alloy) in a magnetic field is constructed. The dynamics of the magnetic process is described by the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. Using the Galerkin procedure, variational equations corresponding to the differential relations of the magnetic problem are written out. A martensitic structure of the type "herringbone" (a twinned variant of martensite) with magnetic domains located at an angle of 180 ° is considered. 90-degree magnetic domain walls are the boundaries of the twins. The finite element method models the formation of these walls and the distribution of the magnetization vector in them. The evolution of this magnetic structure is investigated, namely the movement and interaction of 180-degree magnetic domain walls when an external magnetic field is applied in various directions. The problems of the formation of twins from the martensite variants (the twinning problem) and their disappearance (the detwinning problem) in an external magnetic field are considered. On the plane separating the two variants of martensite, the Hadamard compatibility condition (or twinning equation) is written out. The solution of this equation is given and the processes, that this equation describes, are considered in detail. The detwinning condition for a ferroalloy with the shape memory in a magnetic field is proposed and the processes related to the reorientation (detwinning) of the martensitic variants forming a twin are discussed. The problems considered earlier without taking into account the detwinning process are supplemented by this process, the magnetization curves are constructed and the components of the strain tensor are determined. The results obtained are in good agreement with the known experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetization measurements were conducted on a ferromagnetic Co2NbGa with the Heusler-type structure at various pressures. The spontaneous magnetic moment (ps) at 10 K under ambient pressure was determined to be 1.79(3) μB/f.u. The values of dps/dp and dlnps/dp at 10 K were estimated to be –0.13 × 10–3 μB·f.u.–1·kbar–1 and –7.3 × 10–5 kbar–1, respectively. The pressure derivative of the Curie temperature (TC) for Co2NbGa was determined by analyzing the temperature dependence of the initial permeability under pressures ranging up to 10 kbar. At ambient pressure, Co2NbGa had a TC value of 374.8 K, with dTC/dp and dlnTC/dp values of –0.69 K·kbar–1 and –1.84 × 10–3 kbar–1, respectively. The experimental results of the pressure-dependent magnetic properties for Co2NbGa were discussed on the basis of the spin fluctuation theory for itinerant electron magnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have looked at a very interesting class of Heusler alloy that has received a lot of theoretical research but a very little experimental attention. Mn2TiSi Heusler alloy was synthesized by a conventional vacuum arc remelting process. The formation of Heusler phase along with the secondary phases was observed after annealing it at 773 K for 120 h. The X-ray diffraction pattern illustrates the presence of cubic B2 disordered phase along with a secondary phase with a lattice parameter of 5.82 Å. The microstructure and compositional analysis of Mn2TiSi alloy shows the presence of distribution of Mn, Ti, and Si elements according to their stoichiometric ratio. The magnetic measurements show a ferromagnetic nature with Curie temperature (TC) around 203 K. With low magnetic moment and coercivity, Mn2TiSi can be used for switching applications because of its fast magnetization reversal. So, Mn2TiSi becomes the greatest choice for use in spintronics due to its low magnetic moment and low coercivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heusler alloy is a ferromagnetic alloy based on the Heusler phase. It is an intermetallic alloy between metallic and non-metallic elements that can be non-ferromagnetic and has a BCC crystal structure. This paper presents the theory of thermodynamics and elastic deformation of full-Heusler A2BC alloy with BCC structure built on the basis of statistical moment method (SMM). The paper presents numerical results for the temperature and pressure dependence of the mean nearest neighbor distance between two atoms, the density, the volume, the thermal expansion coefficient, the isotherm and adiabatic compressibilities, the isothermal elastic modulus, the heat capacities at constant volume and pressure, Young's modulus, the bulk modulus, longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of alloys Co2TaGa and Co2VGa when using the coordination sphere method and the Mie–Lennard-Jones pair interaction potential. Some SMM calculation results agree well with available ab initio calculation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heusler alloys constitute an interesting group of materials with wide applications. The purpose of the present study was to use the mechanical alloying method to synthesize Fe2CrSi Heusler alloy and learn about its structure and magnetic properties. Pure metal elements were ground for various periods of time in a planetary ball mill, and the process of alloy formation was monitored using X-ray diffraction and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It was found that after 20 h of milling, the disordered BCC solid solution was formed, with an average crystallite size ~11 nm. After thermal treatment, the desired Fe2CrSi Heusler alloy was obtained, with a small amount of secondary phases. Detailed XRD analysis showed the coexistence of two varieties of Heusler phase, namely Fm-3m and Pm-3n. The main result of this work is the detection of the hyperfine magnetic field distribution using Mössbauer spectroscopy. The occurrence of this distribution proves atomic disorder in the crystalline structure of the obtained Heusler alloy. Macroscopic magnetic measurements revealed soft magnetic properties of the alloy, with a magnetic moment of ~2.3 μB/f.u., only slightly larger than the theoretically predicted value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heusler alloys (X2YZ) can be a candidate for new catalysts as well as other intermetallic compounds. We previously found good catalytic properties of Co2FeGe for selective hydrogenation of alkynes and developed nanoparticles of Co2FeGe supported on SiO2. However, the average diameter of the nanoparticles was 23 nm, which is not small enough compared to those of state‐of‐the‐art nanoparticle catalysts. In this study, we developed SiO2‐supported Co2FeGe nanoparticles of <10 nm in diameter. A catalytic test for selective hydrogenation of propyne indicated a partial formation of sites with low selectivity including excess Co atoms. For ammonia decomposition, enhancement of turnover frequency was achieved by reducing the particle size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the study of the influence of multi-axial isothermal forging on the microstructure and martensitic transformation in a Ni58Mn18Ga24 alloy have been presented. Forging is performed in two stages: the first stage is forging at 700°C by four passes with true strain e ≈ 1.64; the second stage is forging at 500°C by one pass with e ≈ 0.24. The forging deformation results in the transformation of the original equiaxed-grain structure. No new grains are formed after the first stage of treatment. New recrystallized grains in a very negligible extent begin to be observed only after the second stage of deformation. Probably, at the first stage, the mechanism of fragmentation of the grain structure is not started due to an insufficient density of defects upon the deformation at 700°C. The characteristic temperatures of martensitic transformation are shifted after forging to the low temperature region. The anharmonic change in the sample length is observed in the region of martensitic transformation for the both treated states. In general, this indicates a low level of defect density and internal stresses in the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni–Mn-based Heusler alloys are known to demonstrate magnetic shape memory and giant magnetocaloric effect (MCE). These effects depend on the phases, crystallographic and magnetic phase transitions, and the crystallographic texture characteristics. These structural characteristics, in turn, are a function of the processing parameters. In the current work, Ni55.5Mn18.8Ga24Si1.7 Heusler alloy was processed by melt-spinning under a helium atmosphere. This process results in a fine microstructure. The ribbon that was produced with a narrower nozzle width, faster wheel speed, and higher cast temperature, indicating a faster cooling rate, had double the magnetic entropy change close to room temperature. However, the other ribbon demonstrated a large entropy change over a broader temperature range, extending its usability. The effect of the melt-spinning process parameters on the developing microstructure, crystallographic structure and texture, transformation temperatures, and the magnetic entropy change were studied to explain the difference in magnetocaloric behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, magnetostriction measurements were performed on the ferromagnetic Heusler alloy, Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12, which is characterized by the occurrence of the martensitic phase and ferromagnetic transitions at the same temperature. In the austenite and martensite phases, the alloy crystallizes in the L21 and D022-like crystal structure, respectively. As the crystal structure changes at the martensitic transition temperature (TM), a large magnetostriction due to the martensitic and ferromagnetic transitions induced by magnetic fields is expected to occur. First, magnetization (M-H) measurements are performed, and metamagnetic transitions are observed in the magnetic field of μ0H = 4 T at 344 K. This result shows that the phase transition was induced by the magnetic field under a constant temperature. Forced magnetostriction measurements (ΔL/L) are then performed under a constant temperature and atmospheric pressure (P = 0.1 MPa). Magnetostriction up to 1300 ppm is observed around TM. The magnetization results and magnetostriction measurements showed the occurrence of the magnetic-field-induced strain from the paramagnetic austenite phase to the ferromagnetic martensite phase. As a reference sample, we measure the magnetostriction of the Ni2MnGa-type (Ni50Mn30Ga20) alloy, which causes the martensite phase transition at TM = 315 K. The measurement of magnetostriction at room temperature (298 K) showed a magnetostriction of 3300 ppm. The magnetostriction of Ni2MnGa0.88Cu0.12 is observed to be one-third that of Ni50Mn30Ga20 but larger than that of Terfenol-D (800 ppm), which is renowned as the giant magnetostriction alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we report the experimental investigations on magnetic (spin polarization and exchange bias) and transport (spin-flip and spin-flop) properties of Co2FeSi Heusler compound at cryo temperature and high magnetic field. The spin cluster characteristic of the material is revealed by the M[T] curve of the ZFC, FC, and FW cycles. This can exhibit spin polarization behavior of anti-ferromagnetism (AFM) at 30–70 K. Furthermore, at a critical field of 0.2 T, AFM transforms into ferromagnetic (FM) and on further increasing the magnetic field, the spin polarization region becomes linear due to perseverance of FM behavior. The isothermal magnetization [M(H)] are also evaluated at different temperatures and AFM to FM transition has been observed at various applied magnetic fields. These magnetic measurements are used to determine exchange bias [EB] parameters such as HE, HC, and Mr both at low and room temperature. The resistivity [ρ(T)] has been measured at 0 and 5 T field, which explain the increasing trend of metallic nature at cooling cycle and also provides a clear evidence of magnonic, phononic resistivity and spin-flip scattering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic sensors are key elements in many industrial, security, military, and biomedical applications. Heusler alloys are promising materials for magnetic sensor applications due to their high spin polarization and tunable magnetic properties. The dynamic field range of magnetic sensors is strongly related to the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA). By tuning the PMA, it is possible to modify the sensing direction, sensitivity and even the accuracy of the magnetic sensors. Here, we report the tuning of PMA in a Co2MnGa Heusler alloy film via argon (Ar) ion irradiation. MgO/Co2MnGa/Pd films with an initial PMA were irradiated with 30 keV 40Ar+ ions with fluences (ions·cm−2) between 1 × 1013 and 1 × 1015 Ar·cm−2, which corresponds to displacement per atom values between 0.17 and 17, estimated from Monte-Carlo-based simulations. The magneto optical and magnetization results showed that the effective anisotropy energy (Keff) decreased from ~153 kJ·m−3 for the un-irradiated film to ~14 kJ·m−3 for the 1 × 1014 Ar·cm−2 irradiated film. The reduced Keff and PMA are attributed to ion-irradiation-induced interface intermixing that decreased the interfacial anisotropy. These results demonstrate that ion irradiation is a promising technique for shaping the PMA of Co2MnGa Heusler alloy for magnetic sensor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycrystalline ingots of Ni-rich Ni56Mn20Ga24 alloy were prepared by conventional arc melting procedure. The magnetocaloric and magnetotransport properties of the alloy were investigated within a temperature range from 4.2-300 K and up to a magnetic field of 8 T. A large magnetocaloric effect (ΔSM ~ 29 J/Kg K) was observed in the alloy in the vicinity of magneto-structural transition temperature at a change of 5 T magnetic field. From magnetic measurements, it was observed that the martensite to austenite transition was accompanied by higher to lower magnetization in higher magnetic fields. The large entropy change was explained by considering the first-order magneto-structural transition in this alloy. A high negative magnetoresistance (~7 %) associated with magnetic field induced first order magneto-structural transition was also observed near room temperature due to a change of 8 T magnetic field for this alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the structural, elastic, electronic, and magnetic characteristics of both regular and inverse Heusler alloys, Sc2TiAl and Sc2TiSi, were investigated using a full-potential, linearized augmented plane-wave (FP-LAPW) method, within the density functional theory. The optimized structural parameters were determined from the minimization of the total energy versus the volume of the unit cell. The band structure and DOS calculations were performed within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and modified Becke–Johnson approaches (mBJ-GGA), employed in the Wien2K code. The density of states (DOS) and band structure (BS) indicate the metallic nature of the regular structure of the two compounds. The total spin magnetic moments for the two compounds were consistent with the previous theoretical results. We calculated the elastic properties: bulk moduli, B , Poisson's ratio, ν , shear modulus, S, Young's modulus (Y), and the B/s ratio. Additionally, we used Blackman's diagram and Every's diagram to compare the elastic properties of the studied compounds, whereas Pugh's and Poisson's ratios were used in the analysis of the relationship between interatomic bonding type and physical properties. Mechanically, we found that the regular and inverse full-Heusler compounds Sc2TiAl and Sc2TiSi were stable. The results agree with previous studies, providing a road map for possible uses in electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A versatile type of non-magnetic uniaxial pressure cell has been designed for magnetic measurements in SQUID magnetometer. An advanced technology of machining of miniature parts of the cell was used to make new type of an internal squeezer module, where a sample can be compressed by force up to 3 kN in direction perpendicular to external magnetic field. A correct operation of the cell was tested by study of magnetic behaviour of the Heusler off-stoichiometric Ni2MnSn alloy under uniaxial compression. An unexpected significant difference between reversible effects of uniaxial compression on magnetization of the austenite and martensite phases of the alloy is discussed. The uniaxial compression effects are compared with the effects of hydrostatic pressure on a coupling between magnetization and structural transformation of the alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co2MnAl Heusler alloy nanoparticle was synthesized by a facile solid-state reaction method. The structural, morphological, thermal, thermoelectrical, and magnetic properties of Co2MnAl full Heusler alloy have been investigated. The X-ray diffraction data indicates the alloy particles are polycrystalline in nature with a cubic crystal structure. The prepared alloy was thermally stable up to 705 °C, and it is confirmed through thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermal analysis. The temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficient and Hall measurement exhibit the negative carrier concentration; it shows the prepared alloy was an n-type semiconducting nature. The vibrating sample magnetometer data indicated that the alloy particle exhibits soft ferromagnetic nature with low coercivity and a high Curie temperature of 736 K. The Co2MnAl full Heusler alloy will be suitable for spintronics device applications, as it shows high magnetic moment with low coercivity. These results unambiguously indicate that it possesses great advantage for implementation into giant magnetoresistance or tunneling magnetoresistance for next-generation spintronics device application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni, Co, Mn, and Al elemental powders have been ball milled in a planetary mill for various periods, up to 32 h. The obtained powder was characterized with XRD, SEM-EDS, DSC, high-temperature-XRD, and VSM techniques to study morphology, composition, thermal transitions, structural and magnetic changes occurring at high temperatures. At the end of the milling process, a particle mixture consisting of agglomerated grains with a rounded shape and an average size of about 60 µm was formed. XRD patterns of the as-milled powders revealed the presence of a nanocrystalline solid solution mixture with (L10) and (B2) structures. HT-In-situ XRD characterizations confirmed the complete formation of the B2 ordered structure from 573 K. The austenitic Heusler phase B2 remains stable during one hour of isothermal holding and its proportions increase between 648 and 773 K. Under the heating effect, crystallites size grows up greatly with increasing holding temperature, nevertheless the micro-strains decrease sharply from 0.98% at room temperature to 0.31% at 773 K. Magnetic features of the milled alloy enhance further during the heating process, making it magnetically soft with the most intriguing values of Ms, Mr, and Hc between 648 and 773 K. This is owing to the complete development of the homogeneous and ordered Heusler B2 phase and the significant increase in crystallite size with the relaxation of residual stresses resulting from the direct effects of temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ni-Mn-based quinary Heusler alloys have seldom been investigated with respect to their martensitic transformation and mechanical properties for near room temperature transformation. In the current work, we identified and investigated martensitic transformation near room temperature, and the martensitic properties of Ni-Mn-Sn-Fe-In-based quinary Heusler alloys. Alloys prepared in an argon-rich vacuum arc melting furnace. During X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, it was identified that the L21 cubic structure austenite phase of the alloy transforms into L10 orthorhombic martensite phase in the case of alloys with greater Fe substitution. The martensitic transformation zone of the alloy is also shifted to the near-room-temperature range of 15–28 °C by changing the stoichiometry of the alloy composition. Magnetic measurements like field heating (FH), field cooling (FC) and zero field cooling (ZFC) indicate the presence of a dual magnetic phase in the alloy, while magnetic susceptibility testing also helped to establish claims regarding the magnetic measurement results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic and electrical characteristics of Ni-Mn quinary Heusler alloys are studied in the current work. The results concern the materials' magnetic and electrical behavior. The physical property measurement system (PPMS) and superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) were used at various magnetization levels to determine the results. The addition of Fe helps to form the alloy into a smart memory alloy with magnetocrystalline anisotropy, twin border mobility, and varied magnetic and martensite transition temperature characteristics. Character changes in the superparamagnetic (SPM) and paramagnetic (PM) alloys occur between 26 and 34 °C. The curves are supported by the alloy's martensitic transition temperature change. A large refrigeration capacity is identified in the alloy. These properties are an indication of the alloys' application prospects. Entropy change helps to detect the inverse magnetocaloric effect in the alloy, whereas adiabatic temperature change helps identify the origin and validity of reverse magnetic properties. The transition temperature changes occur when austenite's sigma is larger than that of martensite, and as the magnetic field increases, the temperature declines. Isothermal magnetization curves, a large (MR)/B value at low and high magnetic fields, and temperatures near the transformation point suggest that small-crystal Heusler alloys have tremendous promise for low and high magnetic field magnetoresistance applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of strains on electronic structures, elastic properties, magnetic properties and Curie temperature of Pd 2 FeCu are calculated by GGA + U method. The impact of strains on the magnetism of Pd 2 FeCu is evaluated. The magnetism without and with spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect under diverse strain are examined. The results show that Pd 2 FeCu is a ferromagnetic metal with good ductility and mechanical stability. The SOC effect has a negligible impact on the atomic magnetic moment of Pd 2 FeCu. When the compressive and tensile strains are imposed, the ferromagnetic metal properties still keep, and the Curie temperature of Pd 2 FeCu is higher than room temperature. The ferromagnetism for Pd 2 FeCu is very robust with respect to the variation of the strain. And the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yoshida (RKKY) type ferromagnetic interaction play a crucial role to determine the ferromagnetism. We expect this work could stimulate experimental study. • Pd 2 FeCu is a ferromagnetic metal with good ductility and mechanical stability. • Spin-orbit coupling effect has a negligible impact on the magnetism. • Compressive and tensile strains are imposed, the ferromagnetic metal still be kept. • The Curie temperature of Pd 2 FeCu is higher than room temperature. • RKKY interaction play a crucial role to determine the ferromagnetism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The negative charge-to-spin conversion in Co 2 FeSi film. • Dresselhaus effect contributed to x-polarized spin current. • Disordered crystalline structure is useful to charge-to-spin conversion efficiency. Recent discoveries of Heusler alloy achieve a strong advantage of the chemically disordered sample in the charge-to-spin conversion and attracted interests for spintronics applications. Here, we observe the negative charge-to-spin conversion in single magnetic layer of Co 2 FeSi/MgO and prove generations of σ y and σ x by spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance (ST-FMR). We also report that the change in charge-to-spin conversion efficiency could be controlled by chemical disordering. Furthermore, the thickness dependents of Co 2 FeSi demonstrated bulk effect is responsible for the generation of spin current. This study contributes to understanding the mechanisms of spin current generation from magnetic full Heusler alloy and also paves the way for the applications of magnetic memory and nonvolatile spin logic technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In depth understanding of the magnetic, structural and electrical properties of Heusler alloys are crucial to achieve potential applications in spin-based device. Wherein, we report the synthesis of Cr 2 MnAl Heusler alloy nanoparticles (NPs) via co-precipitation method and also demonstrated their transport properties. Interestingly X-ray analysis confirms the cubic phase of the synthesized Heusler alloy NPs and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis reveals that the Cr 2 MnAl as particle size of 10 ± 2 nm. Moreover, this particle size has adverse effect on symmetry of Cr 2 MnAl Heusler alloy due to their higher surface to volume ratio that significantly changes their magnetic and electrical properties. These NPs exhibit soft ferromagnetic properties with a Curie temperature (Tc) of 25 K. Besides, resistivity measurements indicate the semiconducting nature and also we report the observation of anomalous Hall effect. In addition, we support our experimental results by studying the electronic and magnetic properties of alloy using first principle calculations. This density functional theory reveals that Cr 2 MnAl has half metallic characteristics with high spin polarization. In light of above, this material can be used as intermediate layer to decouple the two ferromagnetic layers which acts as spin-polarized carriers in spin-based device. [Display omitted] • Meticulous experimental and DFT studies reveal the structural and magnetic properties of Cr 2 MnAl Heusler alloy. • The magnetic measurement shows that Cr 2 MnAl is a ferromagnetic compound at low temperature. • Analysis of the electrical resistivity of Cr 2 MnAl reveals intriguing semiconducting behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-saturation magnetization CoFe layer was electroplated onto Ni50Mn33In16Cr1 alloy using a magnetic field assistance electroplating bath. This CoFe-coated alloy can function as an active magnetic regenerator owing to its magnetocaloric effect. The CoFe coating layer did not affect the entropy change calculated from the isothermal magnetization of the alloy, but it significantly affected the temperature variation of the alloy by changing the externally applied magnetic field. The temperature change of the CoFe-coated alloy increases with increasing CoFe coating times. By comparing with the as-sintered alloy, a maximum increase of 150% in temperature change can be observed in the alloy coated with CoFe for 2 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the structural, magnetic, thermal, and transport properties of the arc-melted polycrystalline Heusler alloy Co2Ti1.5Sn0.5 are investigated. The alloy crystallizes in an L21 structure with a space group of Fm-3m. The magnetic properties of the alloy depict its antiferromagnetic nature and the alloy exhibits magnetic ordering around Neel Temperature TN = 8.5 K. The effective magnetic moment value obtained from the Curie –Weiss law suggests that the cobalt atom in the alloy is in the low-spin state. From the heat capacity studies, the Sommerfeld coefficient and Debye temperature were determined. In addition, electrical resistivity shows a linear response with increasing temperature, indicating the metallic nature of the alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

First-principles calculations of the stability, electronic, and magnetic properties of full-Heusler compound V2FeSi and Fe2VSi in regular ( L 2 1 ) and inverse ( X A ) structures have been performed using density functional theory within an SCAN meta-GGA functional. It is found that the X A crystal lattice is energetically more favorable for V2FeSi, while Fe2VSi forms the L 2 1 structure. In both cases, the electronic structure of the energetically stable modifications corresponds to half-metallic ferrimagnets. Magnetic properties of energetically favorable structures obey the Slater–Pauling rule. All considered properties of the studied structures are explained within the crystal orbital Hamilton population analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of structural, electrical transport, critical magnetic behavior, and magnetocaloric properties of Co2CrAl Heusler alloys has been conducted here. Co2CrAl full Heusler alloy has been prepared by the conventional arc melting method in Ar atmosphere and post‐annealing in a vacuum‐sealed quartz tube. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) pattern reveals the crystallization of the alloy to the Fm3¯m space group with L21 crystal symmetry. The correspondence between the magnetic and electrical transport properties of the Co2CrAl alloy has been observed. This alloy exhibits paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition (Curie temperature) just above room temperature at around 340 K. Metallic to semiconducting transition occurs near the magnetic Curie temperature. Critical magnetic behavior has been analyzed by employing the Arrott plot, Kouvel–Fisher methods, and critical isotherm analysis. These conclude that the exchange interaction in Co2CrAl alloy follows between mean‐field theory having spin–spin long‐range interaction and the 3D Heisenberg model. The magnetocaloric effect has been explored from the isothermal magnetization data by employing Maxwell's equations. The highest magnetic entropy change is found to be ≈0.99 J (kg K)−1 for a magnetic field change of 30 kOe. A large working temperature window of 57 K is the advantage of the present alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the preparation of bulk ingots of a spin-polarized Ti2MnAl zero-gap semiconductor (Heusler alloy). Ti2MnAl was prepared from elemental titanium, manganese, and aluminum by levitation melting via high-frequency induction heating in an argon atmosphere and by electric-arc skull melting in a helium atmosphere. The melt solidification mechanism and kinetics have been studied in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study performed a systematic experimental investigation into the structural, magnetic, and transport properties of the Co2VGa Heusler alloy, which was theoretically predicted to exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism. It has been experimentally found that the studied alloy has a relatively high-ordered L21 cubic structure at room temperature and orders ferromagnetically below ~350 K. Interestingly, by fitting the electric transport data with the properly governing equations in two different temperature regions, the two-magnon scattering process (the T 9 / 2 dependence) appears in the temperature range from 30 to 75 K. Moreover, the magnetoresistance effect changes from a negative value to a positive value when the temperature is below 100 K. Such experimental findings provide indirect evidence that the half-metallic nature of this alloy is retained only when the temperature is below 100 K. On the other hand, the magnetic transport measurements indicate that the anomalous Hall coefficient of this alloy increases when the temperature increases and reaches a relatively high value (~8.3 μΩ·cm/T) at 300 K due to its lower saturated magnetization. By analyzing the anomalous Hall resistivity scale with the longitudinal resistivity, it was also found that the anomalous Hall effect can be ascribed to the combined effect of extrinsic skew scattering and intrinsic Berry curvature, but the latter contribution plays a dominant role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solid-state method was employed to synthesize (Mn 1·5 Co 0.5)VAl Heusler alloy particles it exhibits soft magnetic property with semiconducting nature. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to study the structural investigation, it revealed a pure L2 1 phase with a lattice parameter of a = 5.83 Å. It was thermally stable up to 900 °C, confirmed through thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis with no observed weight loss, underscoring the alloys impressive thermal resilience. A positive carrier concentration was detected through the Hall measurements, its affirming the p-type semiconducting nature of the alloy. The magnetic property analysis revealed its soft magnetic nature with low coercivity. Remarkably, the Curie temperature was found at 799 K, surpassing both experimental and theoretical predictions. The magnetic characteristics of multicomponent alloys are significantly influenced by the degree of atomic order on the various crystallographic sites. Since, this type of material consuming little energy, it may be utilize magnetic switching for spintronic devices applications due to its high Curie temperature and low coercivity. • Synthesized (Mn 1·5 Co 0.5)VAl Heusler alloy by facile solid state reaction method. • Examined thermal stability, no weight loss observed up to 900 ֯C, indicating remarkable stability. • Achieved high Curie temperature of approximately 799 K, surpassing both experimental and theoretical predictions. • Exhibits p-type semiconducting behaviour with soft ferromagnetic property. • This prepared alloy can be used in spintronics device applications due to its unique electronic and magnetic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic materials with negative spin polarization have attracted attention for their potential to increase the design freedom of spintronic devices. This study investigated the effects of off-stoichiometry on the atomic ordering, microstructure, and magneto-transport properties in Mn 2+ x V 1− x Ga (x = −0.2, 0, +0.2, +0.4) Heusler alloy films, which are predicted to have large negative spin polarization derived from a pseudo band gap in the majority spin channel. The Mn 2+ x V 1− x Ga films epitaxially grown on MgO(001) substrates exhibits variations of B 2 and L 2 1 order with the Mn concentration. A high-quality L 2 1 ordered film was achieved in the Mn-rich composition (x = +0.2) with B 2 and L 2 1 order parameters of 0.97 and 0.86, respectively, and a saturation magnetization of 1.4 μ B /f.u., which agrees with the Slater-Pauling rule. Scanning transmission electron microscopy observations showed that B 2 and L 2 1 phases coexist in Mn-poor and stoichiometric films, while the L 2 1 phase is dominant in the Mn-rich film with small amounts of Mn–V and Mn–Ga disorders, as revealed by laboratory and anomalous X-ray diffraction. Combined first-principles calculations and anisotropic magnetoresistance analysis confirms that the addition of excess Mn preserves the high spin polarization by suppressing the formation of detrimental antisites of V atoms occupying Mn sites. Therefore, the Mn-rich composition is promising for negatively spin-polarized charge injection in Mn 2 VGa-based spintronic applications. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• High B2 ordering parameter was observed in Co 2 FeAl x Si 1– x thin films. • Magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant K 1 changed as Al component x increased in Co 2 FeAl x Si 1– x thin films. • Magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant K 1 crossed K 1 = 0 line at around x = 0.33. A tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) sensor is a highly sensitive magnetic sensor workable at room temperature. To achieve smaller magnetic field detection, both a high TMR ratio and small magnetic anisotropy of the free layer are required. In this study, we developed single crystalline Co-based Heusler alloy Co 2 FeAl x Si 1- x films as the free layer of TMR sensors and systematically investigated their crystalline and magnetic properties. The magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) with these alloys is a promising device for highly sensitive TMR sensors due to their half-metallicity. We evaluated the B2 and L2 1 ordering parameters S B2 and S L21. S B2 was above 80 % for all the samples and S L21 was 48 % at a maximum, which indicates that all the samples exhibit half-metallicity. In addition, we evaluated their first magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant K 1 from magnetization curves. K 1 changed from positive to negative as Al component x increases and K 1 was about 1200 erg/cc at x = 0.33. These results indicate that Co 2 FeAl x Si 1- x films around x = 0.33 have a good candidate for the free layer of TMR sensors because of their half-metallicity and small magnetic anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical study of the thermoelectric properties of the FeV1-xMnxSb half-Heusler alloy (x = 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1) has been conducted using density functional theory. The aim of this research was to investigate the effect of Mn substitution on the FeVSb system in order to achieve a higher value of ZT. Our findings show that a system with an Mn doping concentration of x = 0:75 achieves the highest values of ZT ~ 0:90 for the spin-down states in the temperature range from 300 to 800 K, making it a promising candidate for future thermoelectric applications. On the other hand, the Mn substitution also triggers the magnetic moment formation and causes a large spin polarization at the Fermi level, leading the system to change from insulator to half-metallic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electromagnetic and electronic properties of six atomic terminations CrCr-ScFe-T, ZrSb-ScSn-T, CrCr-ScSn-B, ZrSb-ScFe-B, CrCr-ScFe-V, and ZrSb-ScSn-V in complete Heusler alloy Cr2 ZrSb/Sc2 FeSn (100) heterojunction were systematically studied by first-principles calculation based on density functional theory. The results show that the interactions between the interface atoms causes the unevenness of the interface atomic layer, which leads to the increase of the mechanical mismatch rate of the interface layer. Compared with the high spin polarization in the bulk, the spin polarization of the heterojunction is destroyed to varying degrees. Fortunately, the termination ZrSb-ScFe-B retains a high spin polarization value and has a tunnel magnetoresistance of 429.29% at low temperature according to the Julliere model, indicating its potential application prospects in spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wire‐shaped materials are ideal form for rapid, cheap, and scalable production and application. Herein, the most recent results on Heusler‐based cylindrical micro‐ and nanowires are reviewed, emphasizing spintronic, magnetocaloric, and shape memory applications. Herein, how the Heusler alloy's composition can be tuned to achieve a material with repeatable magnetic and mechanical properties is showed. A wide range of possible Heusler compositions allows us to tune the structural transformation temperatures by alloying the original composition with a few percent of metalloid. Wire shape brings additional effect—well‐defined easy axis change due to a structural transformation that enhances the magnetocaloric effect at low‐magnetic fields. The unique wire's shape properties can be downscaled to nanoscale range by electrodeposition. It is showed that such a method allows the production of a highly ordered array of nanowires. As a result, the magnetocaloric effect of an array of nanowires can be one order higher than that obtained by other production methods, where the nanowires are oriented randomly. Finally, some possible applications of shape memory or magnetocaloric actuators and the possibility of implementing high spin polarization for the construction of spintronic devices are showed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heusler alloy is an intermetallic alloy with a wide range of compositional space. Due to this compositional tunability, novel Heusler alloys have been studied for a variety of applications including permanent magnets, thermoelectric, and catalysis. Recently, computational approaches have been actively used to aid the fast discovery of novel Heusler alloys by identifying stable compositions with desired properties. In this mini‐review, we briefly overview several computational approaches used for Heusler alloys, namely, density functional theory (DFT) calculations, high‐throughput virtual screening (HTVS), and machine learning (ML) to further accelerate these screening processes. Future directions for the computational screening of Heusler alloy in other application fields are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, polycrystalline Co50V34Ga16−xFex ( 1 ≤ x ≤ 2 ) quaternary Heusler alloys were fabricated by the arc-melting method. It was found that they undergo a paramagnetic martensitic transformation (MT) from the L21-type cubic austenitic structure to the D022 tetragonal martensitic structure. With the increase of the Fe concentration, the MT shifts towards a higher temperature range, which is strongly related to the variation of the valence electron concentration. Moreover, it was also found that the MT exhibited by every alloy is sensitive to the applied hydrostatic pressure due to a relatively high difference in volume between the two phases. By using the quasi-direct method based on caloric measurements, the barocaloric effect (BCE) associated with the hydrostatic pressure-driven MT was estimated in the studied alloys. The results demonstrated that the sample with x = 1.5 performs an optimal BCE among these three alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the critical behavior of the magnetization in Heusler alloy Co2TiGa0.8Sn0.2 as a potential candidate of high spin-polarized materials with the characteristics of topological Weyl fermions. The Weyl semimetals are materials of great interest for applying spintronics devices, due to their unusual magnetoelectronic and magnetothermal properties. The magnetic properties of the synthesized Heusler alloy Co2TiGa0.8Sn0.2 are investigated around the Curie temperature ${T_{\mathrm {C}}}$. The magnetic isotherm measurements of Co2TiGa0.8Sn0.2 around ${T_{\mathrm {C}}}$ exhibit that the critical exponent ${\delta }$ is deduced to be 4.455(4) in high maximum applied field of 50 kOe and 4.823(9) in low maximum applied field of 10 kOe, respectively. Both ${\delta }$ values are different from 3.0 derived by the conventional molecular field theory, but they are close to 5.0 predicted by the spin fluctuation theory for the itinerant electron ferromagnets. Possible origins for the discrepancy between experimental results and theoretical models are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on results pertinent to the room temperature first-order reversal curve (FORC) analysis of inverse Heusler alloy Fe2CoSi thin films with different thicknesses ($t = 5$ , 10, 15, and 20 nm). Our analysis infers that magnetostatic interactions between magnetic grains enhance with an increase in the thickness of Fe2CoSi thin films. Indeed, such results are confirmed with the analysis of switching field distribution (SFD). Single domain (SD) to multi domain (MD) transformation is evidenced as the thickness increases from 5 to 20 nm. SD state is confirmed by symmetric contour around $B_{u} = 0$ axis, while, multidomain state is affirmed with no central peak and spreading of contour parallel to $B_{u} = 0$ axis. The change in domain state configuration for different thicknesses might strengthen the application of Fe2CoSi Heusler alloy films for the future spintronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present work is on Heusler alloys of the sequence Ni50–xFexMn30Sn20–yIny, were prepared in order to investigate the relationship between microstructure and mechanical property. The work represents the variations in the hardness of the alloy when the component elements are changed. Alloys show Vickers hardness HV = 3.5 GPa at x = 2 and y = 4. At x = 4 and y = 8, alloy exhibits an L10 tetragonal structure, whereas at x = 3 and y = 6 L21 austenite phase structure is observed. Interface piling up occurs which greatly reduces fracture propagation and dislocation at neighboring interfaces. Large piled-up interfaces available in the martensite phase due to the sub-strips significantly contribute this process resulting in large hardness value. In spite of thicker laminates in the austenite phase, the alloy exhibits higher hardness than martensite phase or even the composite. Hardness is particularly low in the martensitic phase (x = 4, y = 8), which is produced owing to interfacial motion. The hardness value falls as the Sn concentration increases due to weak pinning between the strips. A drastic increase in hardness of 3.5 GPa has been observed when x = 2 and y = 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystal of the stoichiometric Ni2MnSn alloy (cubic L21 crystal structure) was prepared by the Czochralski method. The values of the magneto-crystalline anisotropy constant K1 have been determined at temperature 10 K under ambient and high hydrostatic pressures, K1 = + 0.17 × 104 and +1.96 × 104 J/m3 (0.7 GPa), respectively. The pressure-induced decrease of magnetization was confirmed and hence the significant non-trivial increase of uniaxial anisotropy with increasing pressure points to a possible distortion of the cubic structure of the single crystal under hydrostatic pressure. Simultaneously, the more pronounced and pressure almost insensitive magneto-crystalline anisotropy, K1 = + 9.1 × 104 J/m3, has been observed in the martensite phase (orthorhombic structure) of the off-stoichiometric Ni2Mn1.43Sn0.57 alloy. The effect of a directional dependence of the Young modulus that was theoretically derived in the case of the Ni2MnSn-based alloys is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Cr2FeAl inverse-based Heusler alloy nanoparticle was synthesized using mechanical alloy method. The as-prepared sample was annealed at various temperatures (700 °C, 800 °C, and 900 °C) in nitrogen gas for 5 h. The nanoparticles were annealed at varying temperatures in order to investigate the influence of annealing on crystal structure and magnetic properties. The structure, morphology, and magnetic properties were determined from X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution scanning electron microscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer. XRD analysis shows that the samples are having XA or Xα structure disordered phase. The grain size of 24-h ball-milled XA structure of Cr2FeAl Heusler alloy phase, calculated by analyzing the XRD peak broadening using Williamson and Hall approach, was 29 nm. The magnetic properties of Cr2FeAl Heusler alloy nanoparticles were studied, showing ferromagnetic behavior and low coercivity of soft magnetic nature. The Cr2FeAl Heusler alloy nanoparticles can be potential materials for use in spin polarized based spin sensors, spin devices, magnetic sensors, and magneto-electronic device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]