Search

• The new heterogeneous nanocatalyst was used for conversion of WCO to biodiesel. • Candida Antarctica Lipase B was immobilized on a magnetic hybrid sol-gel nanocomposite. • The biodiesel yield was 96% at a temperature of 40 °C, molar ratio of 4:1, contact time of 30 h, and catalyst dosage of 1 g. • FAMEs yield decreased from 91% to 70% after six cycles. The main objective of the present study was to produce biodiesel from waste cooking oil (WCO) in the presence of Candida Antarctica Lipase B (CALB), which was immobilized on a magnetic hybrid sol-gel nanocomposite. For this purpose, the Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation technique and were coated with silica (SiO 2) and then functionalized with organic-inorganic hybrid tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylenediamine (TSD). Subsequently, the synthesized and modified magnetic nanoparticle was characterized by using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Vibrating-Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The optimized condition of the lipase immobilization was in lipase concentration of 2.5 mg mL−1, immobilization time of 5 h, immobilization temperature of 35 °C, and pH of 7. The thermal stability of the immobilized lipase was greatly increased compared to the free enzyme. The effect of operating parameters including reaction temperature (30–70 °C), methanol/oil (M/O) molar ratio (1:1–5:1), contact time (12–36 h), and catalyst dosage (0.2–1 g) was evaluated in terms of biodiesel production yield. Based on the results, the maximum yield of biodiesel using the synthesized biocatalyst was 96%, at a temperature of 40 °C, M/O molar ratio of 4:1, contact time of 30 h, and catalyst dosage of 1 g. The obtained results indicated that the synthesized biocatalyst can be used as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production in accordance with the fuel standard (ASTM D6751). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The heterogeneous catalyst used for conversion of wild Mustard seed oil to biodiesel. • The biodiesel yield was 92.21% at a temperature of 80 °C in 60 min. • FAMEs yield decreased to from 95% to 87% after eight cycles. This study synthesized a novel heterogeneous catalyst using lanthanum titanium dioxide (LaTiO3) nanoparticles via co-precipitation and calcination processes. The proposed LaTiO3 NPs were used for biodiesel production from wild mustard seed oil in the presence of methanol. The solid catalyst material was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The process of trans-esterification was affected by the reaction conditions, such as the molar ratio of alcohol to oil (4:1), amount of catalyst (100 mg), reaction time (60 min), and temperature (80 °C). Under optimized conditions, the highest rate of biodiesel was 92.21% at 80 °C for 60 min in the presence of LaTiO3 NPs. Finally, the catalyst showed a maintained performance for at least five runs and up to eight runs. This result implied that the reported catalyst has a high potential to produce biodiesel at a reasonable cost and appropriate reaction conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]