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Spinicauda anurae sp. nov. from the intestine of Duttaphrynus melanostictus [21] collected from industrial area of Aurangabad (M.S.) India. The specimens under investigation show the resemblance in their various body characters with S. cophotis Baylis, [7]. Morphologically the most closely related species is S. voltaensis [2] in Bufo sp. from Burkina Faso, but it differs in smooth cuticle and is less sclerotized.

A list of the type specimens of helminth endoparasites in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB), Indonesia, is presented. There are types of 93 helminth endoparasite species consisting of 63 species of nematodes, 22 species of cestodes, and 8 species of trematodes that have been deposited in MZB. Altogether, there are currently 211 deposited numbers of type-specimens at MZB, which contain 817 specimens wet preserved and 85 specimens mounted. The list has now been added to the scientific publication record and museum catalog.

Meteterakis lombokensis Purwaningsih, Dewi & Nugroho, 2016. Journal of Coastal Life Medicine, 4(9), 708– 713; Figs. 1G–1M, 2Q–2S (Purwaningsih et al., 2016). MZBNa 711 (Holo. 1♂, Allo. 1♀), MZBNa 712 (Para. 2 ♂, 4♀). Type locality: Lempenge, Rampek, Gangga, North Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia; type host: Duttaphyrnus melanostictus (intestine).

Spinicauda ciremaiensis Dewi, Purwaningsih, Riyanto & Bursey, 2021. Zootaxa, 4990 (2): 394–400; Figs. 1A–G, 2A–F. MZBNa 833 (Holo. 1♂, Allo. 1♀), MZBNa 834 (Para. 10♂, 10♀). Type locality: Arban forest in Apuy hiking trail, Mount Ciremai, West Java, Indonesia (S 06 o 54’44.0”: E 108 o 23’02.6”; 1895 m asl; type host: Gonocephalus kuhlii (large intestine).

Spinicauda ciremaiensis sp. nov. (Figs. 1A–F; 2A–F) Description. General: Small worm, cuticle with transverse striations. Head set off from body by constriction, mouth with three large lips. Dorsal lip larger than either subventral lip; each subventral lip with one large conspicuous amphid, one large papilla and one small papilla near amphid; dorsal lip with two large papillae; each lip with anterior cuticular flanges at the anterior surface. Tip of lips with three ridges. Esophagus divided into short anterior pharynx, elongated, tubular and slender corpus, and large terminal pyriform bulb. Excretory pore at mid-length of esophagus. Numerous small somatic papillae scattered over body surface in male but few in female. Male (n=10) –Total body length 3.84 (3.31–4.41) mm, width at midbody 285 (283–288). Head width 55 (52– 57), distance between amphids 31.8 (n=1). Nerve ring and excretory pore 263 (220–320) and 390 (320–460) from anterior end, respectively. Esophagus consisting of pharynx 49 (47–51) long; corpus 625 (640–668) long, 49 (48–52) wide; and bulb 165 (161–168) long, 149 (140–157) wide. Narrow lateral alae present, extending from level of nerve ring to near spike of tail. Diameter of precloacal sucker 29.7–32.6 (n=2), distance to posterior end 347 (332–388). Fourteen pairs of caudal papillae, variable in size: preanal papillae around the sucker (from anterior to posterior) consisting of 2 pairs large mammiliform; 4 pair small, 1 small pair at middle sucker and cloaca. Adanal papillae (from anterior to posterior): 1 pair small at anterior border of cloaca, 1 pair large at anterolateral boarder of cloaca, 1 pair small at mediolateral cloaca, 1 pair large mammiliform posterolateral cloaca, 1 very large mammiliform papillae at outer body of middle cloaca. Postanal papillae: 1 pair small ventro lateral and 1 pair small dorsolateral. Tail, curved ventrally, with terminal filament, length 195 (160–250). Gubernaculum boat-shaped, 126 (117–136) long, 42 (40–44) wide, weakly sclerotized. Accessory piece of gubernaculum present, sclerotized, fork-shaped, 36 (34–38) long and 27 (26–28) wide. Spicules similar and equal, flattened, arcuate with sharply pointed end, length 633 (580–670) representing 16.5% (15.2–17.5)% of total body length. Female (n=10): Body length 4.47 (3.55–5.10) mm, maximum width 331 (300–388). Head width 58 (55–62). Nerve ring and excretory pore 267 (230–300) and 370 (340–440) from anterior end, respectively. Esophagus consists of pharynx 51 (45–58) long; corpus 670 (580–790) long, 52 (49–56) wide; and bulb 160 (152–172) long, 152 (150– 168) wide. Vulva 1.50 (1.30–1.60) mm from anterior end, uterus parallel. Tail 359 (280–420) long. Lateral alae present extending from level of nerve ring to end of tail. Eggs oval, thick shelled, 59.2 (56.8–60.3) x 39 (38.9–41.5).

Spinicauda ciremaiensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) from the large intestine of Gonocephalus kuhlii (Reptilia: Agamidae) collected in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java, Indonesia is described and illustrated. Of the five described species of Spinicauda from the Oriental region, Spinicauda ciremaiensis sp. nov. comes closest to S. sumatrana in having 14 pairs of caudal papillae and the presence of a tail filament. However, the new species differs from S. sumatrana in the longer spicula, smaller eggs, and weak sclerotization of the gubernaculum. S. ciremaiensis sp. nov. is also the only species belonging to the genus Spinicauda which has a sclerotized accessories piece of gubernaculum. A key to the species of Spinicauda is also provided. [http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:785F2D63-E5EB-4E4C-A7E1-7F7E7AD7C392]

Meteterakis asansolensis sp. nov. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) recovered from the rectum of Asian common toad, Duttaphrynus melanostictus (Schneider, 1899), collected from Asansol coalfield area in Paschim Bardhaman district of West Bengal, India, is described and illustrated. This species is characterised by the presence of a precloacal sucker, a gubernaculum and two equal and similar spicules (0.31–0.32 mm in length). This species differs from other reported species of the Oriental region by morphometrical ranges of measurements of males (3.09–3.54 mm) and females (4.60–4.72 mm) and the number and the distribution pattern of caudal papillae in males which includes 5 pairs precloacal, 1 pair adcloacal and 5 pairs postcloacal in position.

Odontoterakis valvata (Schneider, 1866) Host: Crypturellus tataupa. SI: intestinal caeca. Lo: La Plata Zoological Garden, Buenos Aires Province. Reference: Boero & Led (1968). Host: Nothura maculosa 1; Nothura maculosa nigroguttata 2. SI: intestinal caeca. Lo: Maipú, Magdalena, Tandil and Rauch, Buenos Aires Province 1; and Buenos Aires Province 2. References: Kaseta (1973) 1; Boero et al. (1968) 2. Comment: cited as Heterakis valvata Schneider, 1866, this species was synonimized with O. valvata by Inglis (1991)., Published as part of Drago, Fabiana B., Núñez, Verónica & Díaz, Mariano Dueñas, 2020, Checklist of the nematode parasites of wild birds of Argentina, pp. 43-61 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0005, http://zenodo.org/record/5743511, {"references":["Schneider A. 1866. Monographie der Nematoden. Georg Reimer, Berlin, 357 pp.","Boero J. J., Led J. E. 1968. El parasitismo de la fauna autoctona. III. Los parasitos de las aves argentinas. Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata 10: 97 - 129.","Kaseta S. M. 1973. Nematodes en Nothura maculosa (Temminck). Physis Seccion C 32 (84): 83 - 91.","Inglis W. G. 1991. A revision of the nematode genus Odontoterakis Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1947 (Heterakoidea). Systematic Parasitology 20: 69 - 79."]}

Heterakis sp. Host: Nothura darwinii darwinii. SI: caecum. Lo: not reported. Reference: Bump & Bump (1969). Host: Nothura maculosa annectens. SI: caecum. Lo: not reported. Reference: Bump & Bump (1969)., Published as part of Drago, Fabiana B., Núñez, Verónica & Díaz, Mariano Dueñas, 2020, Checklist of the nematode parasites of wild birds of Argentina, pp. 43-61 in Revue suisse de Zoologie 127 (1) on page 47, DOI: 10.35929/RSZ.0005, http://zenodo.org/record/5743511, {"references":["Bump G., Bump J. W. 1969. A study of the spotted tinamous and the pale spotted tinamous of Argentina. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife 120: 1 - 160."]}

A commented checklist of the nematodes parasites of Argentinean wild birds is presented. This is the first compilation of parasitological papers about nematodes of Argentinean birds published between 1873 and November 2019. This review includes information about 64 nematode nominal species and 13 taxa identified at generic level, belonging to five orders, 16 superfamilies, 20 families, and 44 genera. Five species were considered incertae sedis, because they were described based only on larval stages, and one species was maintained as species inquirenda. The highest number of taxa of nematodes was recorded in the family Acuariidae with 20 nominal species and two taxa identified at generic level, followed by Anisakidae with eight nominal species and one taxon identified at generic level, and Tetrameridae with eight nominal species and two taxa identified at generic level. Of the 1042 species of birds reported in Argentina, only 65 (6.24%) were reported as hosts of adult nematodes. The families of birds with the highest number of reported taxa were Tinamidae (12 nematode taxa), Laridae (11), Anatidae (8) and Phalacrocoracidae (7). The present review provides data on hosts, geographical distribution, sites of infection, location of material deposited in Helminthological Collections, references, and taxonomic comments. A host/parasite list is also provided., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Here, two new nematodes ofMeteterakisKarve, 1930 from Taiwan and the western Japanese Archipelago that are endoparasitic to scincid lizards are described. The TaiwaneseMeteterakisformosensissp. n.and the JapaneseMeteterakisoccidentalissp. n.can be distinguished from other congeners by the following characteristics: spicules 437–537 μm in length inM.formosensissp. n.and 359–538 μm inM.occidentalissp. n.; spicules with narrow alae, funnel-shaped, proximal ends ventrally bent; prevulval flap well-developed; gubernaculum mass absent; preclocal sucker with diameter of 35–47 μm inM.formosensissp. n.and of 32–36 μm inM.occidentalissp. n.; 9–15 caudal papillae on both lateral sides inM.formosensissp. n.and 10–14 inM.occidentalissp. n.; and relatively narrow lateral alae, ending at region near proximal end of spicule in male or at region anterior to anus in female.Meteterakisformosensissp. n.is distinguished fromM.occidentalissp. n.by possessing spicules with hyaline pointed distal ends and well-developed cuticular backing structures. The present study suggests that lateral alae can be used as diagnostic character among theMeteterakisspecies, and it revealed that meteterakine nematodes mature in the host’s small intestine and then migrate to the rectum to oviposit.

Meteterakis hurawensis n. sp. (Nematoda, Heterakidae) from the large intestine of Brachymeles orientalis and Brachymeles samad (Squamata, Scincidae) is described and illustrated. Meteterakis hurawensis n. sp. represents the 20th Oriental species assigned to the genus and is distinguished from other Oriental species by the distribution pattern of the caudal papillae (10 pairs total, 3 pairs of relatively large pedunculate papillae, 2 pairs of short pedunculate papillae immediately anteriolateral to ventral sucker, 2 pairs of short pedunculaltle papillae midway between ventral sucker and cloaca, 1 pair of sessile papillae just posterior to cloaca, 2 pairs of sessile near terminus of tail; 1 unpaired sessile papilla on midline just anterior to cloaca) and length of spicules (0.30–0.33 mm).

Problems faced by communities settled into “La Pera” Nature Reserve were studied regarding their domestic chicken’s health. Local explanations about some poultry diseases were recorded, and a preliminary clinical survey was done. This showed the presence of diverse species from the bacteria families: Microccocaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Sthaphylococcaceae. Protozoans of the family Eimeridae and nematodes of: Trichuridae, Heterakidae, Strongylidae, Trichostrongylidae and Ascaridae were also found. Several genera of these organisms are potentially harmful to human health. Local people recognized that sanitary problems have a great magnitude but they do not know how to promote a preventive approach; this situation contrasts with the lack of the government intervention. Local knowledge must be reinforced, and public policies on management of the protected areas of Chiapas must change and promote an integrated animal and human health.

The complete mitochondrial genome sequences of Heterakis dispar were determined for the first time in present study. The lengths of mtDNA sequences of H. dispar is 13,995 bp in size, containing 12 ...

A total of 61 specimens of the Red-headed Spiny Lizard Sceloporus pyrocephalus Cope (Phrynosomatidae) collected during the breeding season (June/July 2003, 2004 and 2005) from Western Mexico were examined for helminths. The morphological characterization of the helminths found was made through light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Nine taxa of helminths were identified, two cestodes: Mesocestoides sp. and Oochoristica sp., and seven nematodes: Parapharyngodon ayotzinapaensis Garduño-Montes de Oca, Mata-López & León-Règagnon, 2016, Parapharyngodon tikuinii Garduño-Montes de Oca, Mata-López & León-Règagnon, 2016, Parapharyngodon sp., Physalopterinae gen. sp., Skrjabinoptera scelopori Caballero-Rodríguez, 1971, Strongyluris similis Caballero, 1938 and a new species of Thubunaea Seurat, 1914. Larvae of Mesocestoides sp. and Physalopterinae gen. sp. were found in the body cavity and digestive tract, respectively. Excluding the species of Parapharyngodon Chatterji, 1933, S. pyrocephalus is recorded for the first time as a host of the remaining seven taxa of helminths. Additionally, Thubunaea leonregagnonae sp. n. is described and illustrated as a new nematode species, parasite of S. pyrocephalus from Mexico. This new species can be differentiated from the majority of its congeners by the absence of spicules, the particular pattern of caudal papillae in males and the small ratio of oesophagus length:male total body length (0.1–0.16).

The third part of the catalogue of type material in the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute/FIOCRUZ (CHIOC), comprising types deposited between 1979 and 2016, is presented to complement the first list of all types that was published in 1979. This part encompasses Acanthocephala, Nematoda and the other non-helminth phyla Cnidaria, Annelida, and Arthropoda. Platyhelminthes was covered in the first (Monogenoidea) and second (Rhabditophora Trematoda and Cestoda) parts of the catalogue published in September 2016 and March 2017, respectively. The present catalogue comprises type material for 116 species distributed across five phyla, nine classes, 50 families, and 80 genera. Specific names are listed systematically, followed by type host, infection site, type locality, and specimens with their collection numbers and references. Species classification and nomenclature are updated.

Spinicauda sumatrana sp. nov. is described from the large intestine of Ludeking's Crested Dragon, Lophocalotes ludekingi (Agamidae) from the Bukit Barisan Range of Sumatra. The new species is assigned to Spinicauda based on the presence of off-set lips in both male and female and a ventrally directed sucker combined with the absence of caudal alae in males. It is the 17th species assigned to the genus and differs from all congeners in the combination of spicule length, presence of a gubernaculum, presence of a tail filament and fourteen pairs of caudal papillae.

En el presente trabajo se redescribe a Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866 nemátode heterákido que parasita el ciego del roedor múrido, Rattus norvegicus "rata gris" procedentes del distrito de Parcona, provincia de lca, Perú., In this paper Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866 is redescribed. It is a parasitic heterakid nematoda living in the caecum of murid rodent, Rattus norvegícus "gray rat" from district of Parcona, province of Ica, Peru.

Purwaningsih, Endang, Dewi, Kartika, Hasegawa, Hideo (2015): Nematodes of amphibians from Java, Indonesia, with a description of new species, Meteterakis wonosoboensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea). Zootaxa 3974 (4): 507-516, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.3

Family Heterakidae Heterakis spumosa Abrothrix olivaceus, Santiago de Chile, Chile, Landaeta-Aquevete et al. (2007).

Bufonerakis Baker, 1980 Bufonerakis andersoni Baker, 1980 Host and record: Rhinella arenarum (Hensel, 1867) (= B. arenarum) (not specified). Site of infection: Unknown. Material deposited: Commonwealth Institute of Helminthology Collection 1026 A(H), 1026 B(A), 1026 C(P). References: Baker (1980 b). Life cycle: Heterakoids have monoxenous life cycles; eggs with infective larvae are ingested by the host. Members of the subfamily Spinicaudinae parasitize amphibians and reptiles (Anderson 2000)., Published as part of Gonz��lez, Cynthya Elizabeth & In��s, Hamann Monika, 2015, Checklist of nematode parasites of amphibians from Argentina, pp. 451-476 in Zootaxa 3980 (4) on page 458, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3980.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/233431, {"references":["Baker, M. R. (1980 b) Bufonerakis andersoni n. gen. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) from Bufo arenarum of South America. Journal of Helmintology, 54, 49 - 53. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1017 / s 0022149 x 00006349","Anderson, R. C. (2000) Nematode Parasites of Vertebrates: Their Development and Transmission. 2 nd Edition. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxford, UK, 650 pp."]}

Family Dipyliniidae Dipylidium caninum Lycalopex culpaeus, Central Andes, Perú, Moro et al. (1998). Lycalopex gymnocercus, Argentina, Cited in Lucherini et al. (2004). Lycalopex gymnocercus, Argentina, Cited in Lucherini & Vidal (2008). Lycalopex gymnocercus, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Scioscia et al. (2012). Oncifelis geoffroyi, Unspecified locality, Travassos (1965) in Vieira et al. (2008). Joyeuxiella spp. Lycalopex gymnocercus, Argentina, Cited in Lucherini et al. (2004)., Published as part of Fugassa, Martin H., 2015, Checklist of helminths found in Patagonian wild mammals, pp. 271-328 in Zootaxa 4012 (2) on page 301, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4012.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/192165

González, Cynthya Elizabeth, Inés, Hamann Monika (2015): Checklist of nematode parasites of amphibians from Argentina. Zootaxa 3980 (4): 451-476, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3980.4.1

Meteterakis japonica (Wilkie, 1930) (Figs. 10 ���15, 32��� 33), Published as part of Purwaningsih, Endang, Dewi, Kartika & Hasegawa, Hideo, 2015, Nematodes of amphibians from Java, Indonesia, with a description of new species, Meteterakis wonosoboensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea), pp. 507-516 in Zootaxa 3974 (4) on page 510, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/244020

Meteterakis wonosoboensis n. sp. (Figs. 1 ���9, 28��� 31), Published as part of Purwaningsih, Endang, Dewi, Kartika & Hasegawa, Hideo, 2015, Nematodes of amphibians from Java, Indonesia, with a description of new species, Meteterakis wonosoboensis n. sp. (Nematoda: Heterakoidea), pp. 507-516 in Zootaxa 3974 (4) on page 508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3974.4.3, http://zenodo.org/record/244020

Seuratoidea gen. sp. are a disparate group of helminth genera, that are thought to connect the Cosmocercoidea to the advanced Ascaridida or Spirurida (Chabaud 1978). Le-Van-Hoa (1966) experimentally found the intermediate hosts of Seuratum nguyenvanaii, a parasite of the house shrew in Vietnam, were the cockroaches Blatta orientalis and Periplaneta americana. Seuratoidea gen. sp. in C. biocellata and C. grismeri are new host records., Published as part of Goldberg, Stephen R., Bursey, Charles R. & Grismer, L. Lee, 2015, Gastrointestinal helminths of nine species of Cnemaspis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, one species from Cambodia and Thailand and two species from Vietnam, pp. 2683-2691 in Journal of Natural History 49 (43) on page 2688, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1021877, http://zenodo.org/record/4000965, {"references":["Chabaud AG. 1978. No. 6. Keys to genera of the Superfamilies Cosmocercoidea, Seuratoidea, Heterakoidea and Subuluroidea. In: Anderson RW, Chabaud AG, Willmott S, editors. CIH Keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates. Farnham Royal: Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux, UK; p. 1 - 71."]}

Meteterakis singaporensis was described from Duttaphrynus (as Bufo) melanostictus from Singapore by Inglis (1958), and was also found in C. mcguirei from Peninsular Malaysia by Bursey et al. (2014). Congeners of Meteterakis are mainly restricted to Southeast Asia and the Philippines (Baker 1987) and also occur in Papua New Guinea (Goldberg et al. 2010). Meteterakis singaporensis had the largest number of individuals (457) and greatest prevalence (24%). Meteterakis singaporensis in C. affinis, C. baueri, C. biocellata, C. grismeri, C. kumpoli, C. nuicamensis and C. pemanggilensis are new host records., Published as part of Goldberg, Stephen R., Bursey, Charles R. & Grismer, L. Lee, 2015, Gastrointestinal helminths of nine species of Cnemaspis (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia, one species from Cambodia and Thailand and two species from Vietnam, pp. 2683-2691 in Journal of Natural History 49 (43) on page 2685, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2015.1021877, http://zenodo.org/record/4000965, {"references":["Inglis WG. 1958. A revision of the nematode genus Meteterakis Karve, 1930. Parasitol. 48: 9 - 31.","Bursey CR, Goldberg SR, Grismer LL. 2014. New species of Bakeria (Nematoda; Strongylida; Molineidae), new species of Falcaustra (Nematoda; Ascaridida; Kathlaniidae) and other helminths in Cnemaspis mcguirei (Sauria; Gekkonidae) from Peninsular Malaysia. Acta Parasitol. 59: 643 - 652.","Baker MR. 1987. Synopsis of the Nematoda parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. Mem Univ Newfoundland Occas Pap Biol. 11: 1 - 325.","Goldberg SR, Bursey CR, Kraus F. 2010. Metazoan endoparasites of 14 species of skinks (Squamata: Scincidae) from Papua New Guinea. J Nat Hist. 44: 447 - 467."]}

Musserakis sulawesiensis sp. n. (Figs. 1–22) General. Small nematodes. Cephalic extremity with characteristics defined above (Figs. 1–4, 19–21). Some worms with cephalic end dorso-ventrally elongated, giving inflated appearance in lateral view (Figs. 5, 6, 22). Anterior body usually bent dorsally (Figs. 10, 15). Lips with weak lateral projections (Figs. 1–6, 19–22). Each proximal lobe of pharyngostome forming onchium with side projections (Figs. 1, 5, 19–22). Esophagus long and slender (Figs. 7, 10, 15). Isthmus not clearly defined. Esophageal bulb divided into anterior and posterior portions (Fig. 7). Cervical alae triangular, strongly pointed, commencing anterior to nerve ring, continuing to small, thin lateral alae (Figs. 7–9). Deirids not discernible. Somatic papillae absent. Male (holotype and 10 paratypes): Worm length 2.91 (2.61–3.47) [3.02] mm, width in midbody 131 (115–131) [125]. Total esophagus including pharynx 712 (632–755) [722] long, i.e., 24.5 (21.5–26.2) [24.0] % of worm length (WL); pharynx 64 (56–70) [63] long, combined length of corpus and isthmus 520 (452–569) [530] long by 32 (30–38) [35] wide, bulb 128 (122–138) [128] long by 96 (83–96) [89] wide. Nerve ring 205 (202–234) [221] and excretory pore 320 (275–346) [312] from cephalic apex. Sucker, 32 (30–43) [35] in diameter, 85 (56–96) [86] in front of cloaca. Spicules equal, longitudinally striated faintly, variable in width and length, 227 (167–263) [218] long, i.e., 7.8 (5.2–9.3) [7.3] % of WL. In holotype and 5 paratypes, spicules stout, bent ventrally, flattened distally, often protruded from cloacal aperture (Figs. 11–13). In 5 paratypes spicules thin, tapered and winding distally, not projecting from cloacal aperture (Fig. 14). Ten pairs of caudal papillae present: 2 pairs slender, aside of sucker; 2 sessile large papillae lateral to cloacal aperture and 3 stout long papillae, forming cloacal group, supporting caudal alae; 3 small sessile pairs in middle of tail (Figs. 11, 12). Tail slender, ending in pointed tip, 237 (212–247) [228] long (Figs. 11, 12). Female (Allotype and 10 paratypes): Worm length 3.3 (3.2–3.5) [3.4] mm, width in midbody 138 (128–147) [133]. Total esophagus including pharynx 731 (712–811) [759] long, i.e., 22.2 (21.4–24.1) [22.7] % of WL; pharynx 59 (58–67) [62] long, corpus 550 (517–628) [571] long by 40 (32–43) [37] wide, bulb 122 (122–134) [127] long by 88 (83–102) [96] wide. Nerve ring 218 (208–249) [222] and excretory pore 330 (282–335) [307] from cephalic apex. Vulva 1.92 (1.87–2.09) [2.00] mm from cephalic apex, i.e., 58.2 (57.5–62.2) [59.4] % of WL; opening in depression with small diverticulum; perivulval cuticle swollen, one low tubercle present at ca. 100 posterior to vulva (Figs. 15, 16). Vagina thick, muscular, strongly anteriorly curved, then abruptly recurved as ovejector, running posteriorly far beyond vulval level to join uteri (Fig. 16). Anterior and posterior ovaries ending at posterior to esophago-intestinal junction and anal level, respectively (Figs. 15, 17). Tail slender, ending in pointed tip, 448 (363–476) [429] long, i.e., 13.6 (10.9–14.1) [12.8] % of WL (Fig. 17). Eggs ellipsoidal, thick shelled, with round concave ornamentations on surface, unembryonated at deposition, 59–72 [68] by 40–48 [45] (Fig. 18). Taxonomic summary. Type host: Echiothrix centrosa Miller & Hollister, 1921 (large-bodied shrew rat) Type locality: Kuala Navusu, Malakasa, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Prevalence and intensity: All of 5 E. centrosa harbored numerous individuals. Specimens deposited: USNM 1251671 (holotype male and allotype female), 1251672 (10 male and 10 female paratypes); Voucher specimens USNM 1251673–1251676, MZB Na 646. Coparasites: Trichuris sp. (Site cecum; prevalence 4/5; intensity 1-5), Heligmonellidae gen. sp. (small intestine; 1/5; 1), Ascarididae gen. sp. (larva) (abdominal cavity; 1/5; 1) and Rhigonematidae gen. sp. (cecum; 1/5; 1). Symbiotypes: AMNH 225678–225681, 225685. Etymology. Generic name is dedicated to Dr. G. G. Musser, an outstanding mammalogist, who has made invaluable contributions on the murid rodents of Sulawesi for many years. The species epithet is named after the locality. Remarks. By having 3 well defined lips, an esophagus with valved bulb, thick shelled eggs, a preanal sucker in male, Musserakis belongs to the superfamily Heterakoidea (Chabaud, 1974). Because the lips are round and not connected by lateral lobes, it is assigned to the family Heterakidae (Chabaud, 1978). By having interlabia and only limited number of sessile papillae on male tail, it is included in the subfamily Heterakinae (Chabaud, 1978). Five genera are currently recognized in this subfamily: Heterakis Dujardin, 1945, Haroldakis Inglis, 1991, Neoheterakis Kumar & Thienpoint, 1974, Pseudoaspidodera Baylis & Daubney, 1922, Odontoterakis Skrjabin & Schikhobalova, 1947 (Chabaud, 1978; Inglis, 1991a; Gibbons, 2010). Musserakis resembles Haroldakis and Odontoterakis by having non-recurrent and non-anastomosing cephalic cordons, whereas it differs clearly from Heterakis, which lacks cordons, and Neoheterakis and Pseudoaspidodera, which possess recurrent cephalic cordons (Chabaud, 1978; Inglis, 1991a; Gibbons, 2010). Musserakis is readily distinguished from Haroldakis, which has 5 teeth on each proximal end of pharyngostome, transverse cushion with 2 sessile papillae between sucker and cloaca, and 2 sessile papillae on posterior cloacal lip in male (Inglis, 1991a). It also differs from Odontoterakis, which has 1 pair of additional thin pedunculate papillae between papillae groups around sucker and cloaca (Inglis, 1991a). FIGURES 15–18. Female of Musserakis sulawesiensis gen. et sp. n. 15. Allotype, left lateral view. 16. Vulval portion, left lateral view. 17. Tail, left lateral view. 18. Uterine egg., Published as part of Hasegawa, Hideo, Dewi, Kartika & Asakawa, Mitsuhiko, 2014, Musserakis sulawesiensis gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) collected from Echiothrix centrosa (Rodentia: Muridae), an old endemic rat of Sulawesi, Indonesia, pp. 155-164 in Zootaxa 3881 (2) on pages 156-159, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3881.2.4, http://zenodo.org/record/4949774, {"references":["Chabaud, A. G. (1974) No. 1. Keys to subclasses, orders and superfamilies. In: Anderson, R. C., Chabaud, A. G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH keys To The Nematode parasites of vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire, U. K., pp. 6 - 17.","Chabaud, A. G. (1978) No. 6. Keys to genera of the superfamilies Cosmocercoidea, Seuratoidea, Heterakoidea and Subuluroidea. In: Anderson, R. C., Chabaud, A. G. & Willmott, S. (Eds.), CIH keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates. Commonwealth Agricultural Bureaux. Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire, U. K., pp. 1 - 71.","Inglis, W. G. (1991 a) A revision of the nematode genus Odontoterakis Skrjabin et Schikhobalova, 1947 (Heterakoidea). Systematic Parasitology, 20, 69 - 79. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / BF 00009713","Gibbons, L. M. (2010) Keys to the nematode parasites of vertebrates. Supplementary volume. CAB International, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, U. K., 416 pp."]}

Musserakis sulawesiensis gen. et sp. n. (Nematoda: Heterakidae) is described from the large-bodied shrew rat, Echiothrix centrosa, one of the old endemic rats of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Musserakis is readily distinguished from other heterakid genera by having non-recurrent and non-anastomosing cephalic cordons, by lacking papillae between papillae groups around precloacal sucker and cloacal aperture and by lacking teeth in the pharyngeal portion. The spicules are equal but with marked dimorphism among individuals. Heterakids collected from other old endemic murids examined, i.e., Crunomys celebensis, Tateomys macrocercus and Tateomys rhinogradoides, and the new endemic rats of Sulawesi, were Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866, a cosmopolitan nematode of various murids. It is suggested that M. sulawesiensis is specific to Echiothrix.

Musserakis gen. n. Diagnosis. Heterakoidea: Heterakidae: Heterakinae. Cephalic end with 3 round lips not connected by lateral lobes: dorsal lip with 2 cephalic papillae; subventral lips each with 1 cephalic papilla and amphidial pore. Interlabia forming slightly curved, non-recurrent, non-anastomosing cordons. Lateral alae widest at esophageal region, becoming smaller posteriorly. Esophagus relatively long, with posterior bulb with valve. Caudal alae wide, supported by 3 pairs of stout papillae. Few sessile papillae on tail. Sucker with clear rim present anterior to cloaca. Spicules similar, non-alate. Parasitic in mammals. Type and only species: Musserakis sulawesiensis sp. n.

Africana dardanelosi n. sp. is described from the intestine of the lizard Hoplocercus spinosus Fitzinger, 1843 collected from southern Amazon, Brazil. Africana dardanelosi is the third species of the genus occurring in the Neotropical realm and is the tenth species assigned to the genus. From other species of Africana from Africa, and especially from the Neotropical species (A. telfordi Bursey and Goldberg, 2002 and A. chabaudi Baker, 1981), A. dardanelosi is easily distinguished by spicule size (2,157-2,403 microm versus 366-458 microm and 644-869 microm, respectively) and by the number of caudal papillae (13 versus 17 and 10, respectively).

Meteterakis wangi sp. nov. (Figs. 1���2) Type host. Indotestudo elongata (Blyth) (Reptilia: Testudines). Type locality. Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China (114 �� 29 ��� E; 38 �� 03��� N). Site of infection. Intestine (from fecal mass) Type specimens. Holotype: male (HBNU- 1009), allotype: female (HBNU- 1010), paratypes: 2 males (HBNU- 1011) and 2 females (HBNU- 1012). Prevalence and intensity. 1 infected / 1 examined, 9 specimens. Etymology. The species is named in honor of Professor Puqin Wang of Fujian Normal University for his contribution to the parasitic nematodes. Description. Body stout, cylindrical. Cuticle finely transversely striated. Lateral alae present and narrow, beginning near nerve ring in both sexes, ending just anterior to caudal alae in male and extending to posterior to anus in female. Mouth opening triangular, surrounded by three lips not demarcated from body. Inner edge of each lip with one anterior cuticular flange. Subventral lip flanges triangular, dorsal lip flange rounded with one indentation on the anterior edge. Dorsal lip with two large lateral outer papillae and two tiny inner papillae, subventral lips each with two tiny inner papillae, one large and one small lateral outer papillae, and one amphid (Fig. 1. C). However, in SEM observation, tiny inner papillae were not seen, and three other papillae were observed located on outer side of amphid in each subventral lip, these papillae should be somatic papillae which distorted by dehydration procedure (Fig. 2. A, B). Esophagus includes three parts: short pharynx, long corpus and posterior bulb. Male: Body 7.64���8.82 (8.28) mm long and 540���590 (570) wide. Pharynx 80���90 (90) long, corpus 1.03��� 1.25 (1.18) mm long, bulb 250���300 (280) long and 180���260 (220) wide. Nerve ring 590���740 (670) and excretory pore 740���900 (850) from the anterior end, respectively. Caudal end curved ventrally. Tail with the pointed tip, 290��� 380 (330) long. Precloacal sucker with distinct sclerotized rim, 78 in diameter, 90���130 (100) anterior to the cloaca. Caudal alae supported by three pairs of large papillae including two pairs at level of precloacal sucker and one pair lateral to cloaca. Other caudal papillae consisting of 8 pairs precloacal, ventrolateral in position; 5 pairs adcloacal; 7 pairs postcloacal in position, 5 ventrolateral, 2 dorsolateral (first pair arranged asymmetrically, sixth pair double). Spicules equal and nonalate, tessellated just at two thirds of distal part, promixal end smoothly (fig. 1. I), 740���930 (830) long. Gubernaculum present, 50���60 long and 24���27 wide. Female: Body 7.60���9.02 (8.11) mm long, 490���570 (520) wide. Pharynx 80���100 (90) long, corpus 1.24���1.47 (1.37) mm long, bulb 220���300 (270) long and 220���290 (260) wide. Nerve ring 490���590 (530) and excretory pore 710���830 (760) from the anterior end, respectively. Vulva anterior to the middle of body, 3.14���4.02 (3.45) mm from anterior end, anterior lip of vulva protruded forming a flap. Vagina muscular, leading posteriorly into common uterus, this latter dividing into two uteri. Uteri parallel, leading posteriorly, flexing anteriorly and connecting with oviducts and coiled ovaries. Eggs oval with thick, smooth shells, in one-cell stage of development in uterus, 60���80 (70) long and 30���50 (40) wide. Tail pointed, 590���670 (610) long., Published as part of Zhang, Shuqian & Zhang, Luping, 2011, A new species of Meteterakis Karve, 1930 (Nematoda: Heterakoidea) from Indotestudo elongata (Blyth) in China with a key to the species of Meteterakis, pp. 63-68 in Zootaxa 2869 on page 64, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.277534

Heterakis dispar Dujardin, 1845 Syn.: Ascaris dispar (Schrank, 1790), Fussaria dispar Zeder, 1800 Site of infection: small intestine. Locality: Lodz Zoological Garden (Poland) (captivity). Reference: Zuchowska (1997), as Ganguleterakis dispar (Schrank, 1790)., Published as part of Gonz��lez-Acu��a, Daniel, Moreno, Lucila, Cicchino, Armando, Mironov, Sergey & Kinsella, Mike, 2010, Checklist of the parasites of the black-necked swan, Cygnus melanocoryphus (Aves: Anatidae), with new records from Chile, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 2637 on page 60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.198468, {"references":["Dujardin, F. (1845) Histoire Naturelle des Helminthes ou vers Intestinaux. Librarie Encyclopedique de Roret, Paris, France. 449 pp.","Schrank, F. von P. (1790) Forterkning pa nagre hittils obeskrifne intestinal. Krak K. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. Stockholm, 2, 111 - 118.","Zeder, J. G. (1800) Erster nachtrag zur natugeschichte der eingeweiderwurmer mit zufassen und anmerkungen herausgegeben. Leipzing, 320 pp.","Zuchowska, E. (1997) Helminth fauna Anseriformes (Aves) in the Lodz Zoological Garden. Wiadomosci parazytologiczne, 43, 213 - 221."]}

Five new species in the tribe Anthocoptini of the Eriophyidae (Acari: Eriophyoidea) from China are described and illustrated. They are Vittacus shaoguanicus sp. nov. on Carmona retusa (Vahl) Masam. (Boraginaceae), Vittacus cornusis sp. nov. on Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. (Cornaceae), Aculops buddlejaes sp. nov. on Buddleja lindleyana Fort. (Buddlejaceae ), Aculodes tsukushiensis sp. nov. on Elymus tsukushiensis Honda var. transiens (Hack.) Osad (Poaceae) and Tegolophus spathaceae sp. nov. on Fargesia spathacea Franch. (Poaceae, Bambuseae). All the new species described herein are vagrants on the respective host plant.

Strongyluris ranae Reiber, Byrd & Parker, 1940 Site of infection: intestine. Recruitment: ingestion. Distribution: USA: Georgia (Reiber et al. 1940; Baker 1987). Specimens in collections: USNPC: 9383 (holotype). Remarks: This species has been exclusively found in L. catesbeiana., Published as part of Xue, Xiao-Feng, Song, Zi-Wei & Hong, Xiao-Yue, 2010, Five new species of Anthocoptini from China (Acari: Eriophyidae), pp. 1-53 in Zootaxa 2544 on page 37, DOI: 10.15468/um2vzb, http://zenodo.org/record/5303209, {"references":["Reiber, R. J., Byrd, E. E. & Parker, M. V. (1940) Certain new and already known nematodes from Amphibia and Reptilia. Lloydia, 3, 12 - 144.","Baker, M. R. (1987) Synopsis of the Nematoda parasitic in amphibians and reptiles. Memorial University of Newfoundland Occasional Papers in Biology, 11, 1 - 325."]}

Heterakis oscari Travassos, Pinto & Muniz Crax blumenbachii Spix, intestine, Mato Grosso do Sul (Travassos et al. 1927; Vicente et al. 1995).

Heterakis psophiae Travassos Psophia viridis obscura Pelzeln, intestine, Rondônia (Vicente et al. 1995) (CHIOC 0 6 ̅ holotype and allotype, 855, 856 a̅c – paratype, 9665 – paratype, 20847 – paratype)., Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188170, {"references":["Vicente, J. J., Rodrigues, H. O., Gomes, D. C. & Pinto, R. M. (1995) Nematoides do Brasil. Parte IV. Nematoides de aves. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 12, 1 - 273."]}

Odonterakis fariai (Travassos) Odontophorus capueira plumbeicollis Cory, cecum, Rio de Janeiro (Vicente et al. 1995)., Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188170, {"references":["Vicente, J. J., Rodrigues, H. O., Gomes, D. C. & Pinto, R. M. (1995) Nematoides do Brasil. Parte IV. Nematoides de aves. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 12, 1 - 273."]}

Using available records, unpublished information retrieved from the Helminthological Collection of the Oswaldo Cruz Institute (CHIOC) and published reports, a checklist of the recorded helminth parasites of endangered vertebrates from Brazil was generated. A total of 772 records and 186 helminth species (6 Acanthocephala, 83 Nematoda, 23 Cestoda, 64 Trematoda, 10 Monogenea) in 76 host species (7 Actinopterygii, 8 Chondrichthyes, 1 Amphibia, 10 Reptilia, 22 Aves, 28 Mammalia) from Brazil were listed in the present work, including 39 undetermined helminth species and 10 new host records. This is the first compilation of the helminth parasites of threatened vertebrates in Brazil and in the Neotropics.

Heterakis arquata (Scheneider) Psophia viridis obscura Pelzeln, instetine, Rondônia (Vicente et al. 1995) (CHIOC 0 7, 859 a̅f, 4448)., Published as part of Muniz-Pereira, Luís C., Vieira, Fabiano M. & Luque, José L., 2009, Checklist of helminth parasites of threatened vertebrate species from Brazil, pp. 1-45 in Zootaxa 2123 on page 10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.188170, {"references":["Vicente, J. J., Rodrigues, H. O., Gomes, D. C. & Pinto, R. M. (1995) Nematoides do Brasil. Parte IV. Nematoides de aves. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, 12, 1 - 273."]}