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Dracontomelon dao (D. dao) is the leaves of Dracontomelon duperreanum Pierre (D. dao auct. non (Blanco) Merr. and Rolfe; D. sinense Stopf.). As a valuable traditional Chinese medicine from Anacardiaceae, D. dao has a long history of treating bedsores, skin ulcers, and other infection diseases. In addition, the volatile oil from D. dao leaves exhibits antitumor effects. However, these reported studies only focused on evaluating the antimicrobial efficacy on model strains in vitro, without paying attention to the antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. This study was aimed to provide evidence of antimicrobial activity and anti-inflammatory and proangiogenesis activities of Dracontomelon dao (D. dao) on the skin of rats under simulated space environment. The weightlessness model of rats in space environment was established. Then, rats were given D. dao for 15 days. Wound healing effects of D. dao on histopathology and inflammatory cytokines in E. coli-induced wound infection in weightless rats were analyzed. Furthermore, the molecular biology technology was performed to evaluate the wound healing effects of D. dao on the relative protein level of NF-κB as well as PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Immunohistochemistry was used for the protein expression of VEGFA. The wound healing effects of D. dao on bacterially infected wounds in rats were manifested by lowering the size of the wound and significantly increasing the shrinkage rate of the wound. D. dao had effect on alleviating histological damage of skin tissue and downregulation inflammatory cytokines level. In addition, the results indicated that D. dao has a regulatory effect on inflammation and angiogenesis and could regulate the relative protein level of MAPK/NF-κB as well as PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. The current study highlighted the crucial role of D. dao in relieving skin tissue injury in E. coli-induced wound infection in weightless rats by regulating the MAPK/NF-κB as well as PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. This study could provide a new agent for the treatment of bacterial infected wounds in simulated space environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Zuojin pill (ZJP) is used as the classical prescription for a wide variety of digestive diseases. However, there is a lack of direct evidence for its use in the treatment of chronic nonatrophic gastritis (CNG). In particular, there is a lack of rigorous trials of randomized controlled designs. In this study, a randomized active-controlled clinical trial was performed to verify the efficacy and safety of ZJP in detail. Methods. Patients with CNG were divided into the ZJP group and the Marzulene-S granule group. Patients were enrolled from September 2019 to February 2021 (ChiCTR2000040549). Endoscopy and histology scores were evaluated as the primary outcome measure. The Helicobacter pylori positive rate and the disappearance rate of symptoms were also measured to reflect the outcomes. Finally, adverse events were also calculated as the index of safety. Results. A total of 68 eligible patients were enrolled in this trial and randomly divided into two groups with baseline comparability. ZJP was able to improve the red plaques as well as bile reflux scores compared with Marzulene-S granule (P = 0.043 and P = 0.019 , respectively). Moreover, it also remarkably alleviated the active chronic inflammation score P = 0.043 . However, there was no difference between the Helicobacter pylori positivity rate P = 0.752 . The symptom scores of abdominal distension P = 0.004 , belching P = 0.010 , and loss of appetite P = 0.019 were alleviated by ZJP, but nausea and vomiting were not P = 0.616 . ZJP can also be considered safe with no obvious adverse effects. Conclusion. ZJP might decrease mucosal injury and alleviate symptoms in CNG. In addition, more large-scale clinical trials should be carried out to further confirm its clinical efficacy and safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of this study was to explore the antipyretic effect and potential mechanism of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HLJDD) on LPS-induced fever in rats. Materials and Methods. The fever rat model was established by LPS. Anal temperature of rats was measured every 1 hour after modeling. TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, and cAMP in rat serum or hypothalamus tissue were detected by ELISA kit. In order to explore the potential active ingredients and mechanism of antipyretic effect of HLJDD, we predicted the underlying antipyretic mechanism by using network pharmacology and then verified its mechanism by Western Blotting. Results. The results showed that HLJDD can alleviate LPS-induced fever in rats. The expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, PGE2, and cAMP in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the model group. Western Blotting results showed that the protein expression of p-ERK, p-JNK, and p-P38 was significantly inhibited. Conclusion. The findings suggest that HLJDD has a good antipyretic effect on LPS-induced fever in rats, which may be closely related to the inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classic prescription Zuojin Pill (ZJP) shows a good therapeutic effect on chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG); it is of great significance to clarify its specific mechanism. Therefore, we explore the mechanism of ZJP on MNNG-induced CAG by integrating approaches. First of all, through the pathological changes of gastric tissue and the expression level of PGI and PGI/II in serum, the expression of inflammation-related factors was determined by RT-PCR to determine the efficacy. Then, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used for plasma and urine metabolomic analysis to screen the specific potential biomarkers and metabolic pathway of ZJP in ameliorating CAG and to explore its possible mechanism. ZJP significantly ameliorate the pathological injury of gastric tissue, increase levels of PGI and PGI/II, and reduce the expression level of proinflammatory factors. Through metabolomic analysis, 9 potential metabolic differences were identified and 6 related metabolic pathways were enriched. These findings indicate for the first time the potential mechanism of ZJP in improving CAG induced by MNNG and are of great significance to the clinical development and application of ZJP-related drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Zuojin Pill (ZJP), a classic prescription, has the potential to prevent ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the active components and mechanisms of ZJP are still arcane. This study aimed to use a network pharmacology approach to find the bioactive compounds and potential action mechanisms of ZJP in the treatment of UC. Methods. Firstly, the components and putative targets of ZJP were collected based on herbal medicine target databases, and a network containing the interaction between the targets of ZJP and the potential therapeutic targets of UC was established. Then, topological parameters were calculated to identify the key targets in the network and, in turn, to import them into the David database to perform path enrichment analysis. Results. 14 potential therapeutic components of ZJP and 26 key targets were obtained. These targets were related to signal transduction, MAPK cascade, inflammatory response, immune response, and the apoptotic process of UC. Moreover, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, toll-like receptor signaling pathway, and Prolactin signaling pathway were predicted to participate in ZJP treating UC. Among them, 14 active components of ZJP directly regulate these pathways. Conclusion. ZJP could alleviate UC through the predicted components and mechanisms. The 14 predicted active components of ZJP may mainly play a therapeutic role for UC through synergistic regulation of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kushenin (KS) has become a traditional Chinese medicine preparation that plays an important role in treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Many clinical studies have discussed its curative effect and safety in combination with adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) or entecavir (ETV) for treating CHB, but there is still a lack of a systematic analysis. Therefore, this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of KS through a meta-analysis to better guide clinical treatment. Seven databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) concerning KS combined with ADV or ETV for treating CHB. The primary outcomes included serum viral indices and adverse events, and the secondary outcomes were liver function indices. The risk of bias of the included RCTs was appraised by Cochrane software. STATA 15.1 and Review Manager 5.3 software were used for the meta-analysis. Thirty-two RCTs recruiting 3343 patients with CHB were collected for this meta-analysis. KS combined with ETV or ADV led to an amelioration of the CHB index to various degrees. In short, the meta-analysis indicated that the combination group, compared to the single group, showed great improvement in HBeAg seroconversion, frequency of undetectable HBV-DNA levels, loss of serum HBeAg, and loss of serum HBsAg. The combination treatment also decreased serum HBV-DNA levels when compared to the levels after the single treatment. However, KS combined with ADV or ETV displayed no remarkable difference in the incidence of adverse events or in serum ALT levels. Current evidence showed that, compared with the use of either drug alone, KS combined with ADV or ETV can improve the clinical efficacy of CHB treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The systematic review was designed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine in the treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods. Relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the clinical efficacy of Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine in treating CHF were widely searched in electronic databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CBM, CNKI, Read-show database, VIP database, and WanFang up to December 26, 2020. The methodological quality of each trial was assessed according to the Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 5.0. Meta-analysis was performed by using Review Manager 5.3. Results. Twenty-one RCTs (N = 2162) that met the criteria were included in the review for the assessment of methodological quality. Meta-analysis showed that compared with the conventional Western medicine (control group), Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine (experience group) significantly improved clinical efficiency, left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), brain natriuretic peptide level (BNP), 6 min-walk distance (6-MWD), and adverse reactions. Conclusion. Qishen Yiqi dropping pill combined with conventional Western medicine are better than conventional Western medicine alone to improve the indicators of patients with CHF, which provides a certain basis for the treatment of CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is used as an adjuvant drug for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B liver fibrosis and is used frequently. We still do not know which TCM has the best curative effect as an adjuvant drug. Therefore, we decided to use network meta-analysis to solve this problem. Methods. We used the RevMan software (5.3) and Stata software (13.0) to achieve this network meta-analysis (NMA). The primary outcomes of this study were HA, LN, PCIII, and IV-C; the secondary outcomes of this study were AST, ALT, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate, and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool was used to assess the quality of the included studies. For all outcomes, the scissors funnel plot, Egger test, and Begg test were used to detect publication bias, and sensitivity analysis was used to investigate the stability of the results. And the meta-regression was used to explore the source of heterogeneity. Results. A total of 34 articles were included in this study. The study involved a total of 3199 patients, of which 1578 were assigned to the control group and 1621 patients were assigned to the experimental group. The number of men and women is roughly equal, and the average age is about 43 years old. In addition, nine treatment strategies were involved in this study. The combination of TCM and entecavir can significantly improve the patients' HA, LN, PCIII, IV-C, AST, ALT, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rates. The comprehensive evaluation results showed that FHC combined with entecavir has more advantages than other treatment strategies. Conclusion. For improving the HBV-DNA negative conversion rates, adding TCM to the therapeutic strategies does not seem to show absolute superiority. Finally, FHC combined with entecavir is the best therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute respiratory infectious disease. At present, COVID-19 has no specific therapeutic drugs, and the main clinical treatment is symptomatic treatment and control of complications. On March 5, 2020, the National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China issued the Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Infection (Trial Version 7), which integrated traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) into the treatment of COVID-19. The purpose of this study is to summarize recent studies on the clinic application, pharmacological action, chemical substances and mechanism of Qingwen Baidu Decoction (QBD) on the treatment of various diseases. The results suggested that QBD has multiple pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, antiviral, antibacterial, immunomodulatory, antipyretic and so on. It has been used in the treatment of sepsis, epidemic hemorrhagic fever, epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis, infantile pneumonia, sepsis-related encephalopathy, epidemic encephalitis B and other diseases. In addition, this study attempts to explore the possible mechanism of QBD in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19. Through the analysis of the chemical substances, pharmacological action and mechanism of QBD, this paper will provide a reference theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 by QBD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors are emerging as promising therapeutic targets to improve the quality of life in cancer patients. This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the influence of Kanglaite injection (KLTi) combined with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy alone on clinical efficacy, immune function, and safety for the treatment of advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Several electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Wan-Fang, VMIS, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM, and MEDLINE, as well as grey literatures, were comprehensively searched from January 2000 to November 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting outcomes of clinical efficacy and immune function were collected according to their inclusion and exclusion criteria. Cochrane Reviewers' Handbook 5.2 was applied to assess the risk of bias of included trials. STATA 13.0 and Review Manager 5.3 software were used for meta-analysis. Twenty-five RCTs comprising 2151 patients meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. Meta-analysis showed that compared with chemotherapy alone, KLTi plus the same chemotherapy significantly improved clinical efficacy, including complete response, partial response, stable disease, and progressive disease, as well as immune function, including CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+. There was a significant reduction in nausea and vomiting, thrombocytopenia, and leukopenia in combination treatments. However, the outcomes were limited because of the low quality and small sample size of the included studies. In conclusion, this work might provide beneficial evidence of KLTi combined with chemotherapy for improving clinical efficacy and immune function, as well as reducing the incidence of adverse events in advanced NSCLC patients. KLTi might be a beneficial therapeutic method for the treatment of advanced NSCLC. Due to the quality of the data, more rigorous and well-designed RCTs are needed to confirm these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Li-Ru-Kang (LRK) has been used in the treatment of hyperplasia of mammary glands (HMG) for several decades and can effectively improve clinical symptoms. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which LRK intervenes in HMG based on an integrated approach that combines metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses. Methods: The effects of LRK on HMG induced by estrogen-progesterone in rats were evaluated by analyzing the morphological and pathological characteristics of breast tissues. Moreover, UPLC-QTOF/MS was performed to explore specific metabolites potentially affecting the pathological process of HMG and the effects of LRK. Pathway analysis was conducted with a combination of metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses to illustrate the pathways and network of LRK-treated HMG. Results: Li-Ru-Kang significantly improved the morphological and pathological characteristics of breast tissues. Metabolomics analyses showed that the therapeutic effect of LRK was mainly associated with the regulation of 10 metabolites, including prostaglandin E2, phosphatidylcholine, leukotriene B4, and phosphatidylserine. Pathway analysis indicated that the metabolites were related to arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and linoleic acid metabolism. Moreover, principal component analysis showed that the metabolites in the model group were clearly classified, whereas the metabolites in the LRK group were between those in the normal and model groups but closer to those in the normal group. This finding indicated that these metabolites may be responsible for the effects of LRK. The therapeutic effect of LRK on HMG was possibly related to the regulation of 10 specific metabolites. In addition, we further verified the expression of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα), a key target predicted by network pharmacology analysis, and showed that LRK could significantly improve the expression of PKCα. Conclusion: Our study successfully explained the modulatory properties of LRK treatment on HMG using metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses. This systematic method can provide methodological support for further understanding the complex mechanism underlying HMG and possible traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) active ingredients for the treatment of HMG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fuzheng Huayu (FZHY) capsule, a formulated traditional Chinese medicine product with 6 Chinese herbs, is widely used for HBV-related cirrhosis as an adjuvant treatment. However, the efficacy of FZHY capsule for HBV-induced cirrhosis did not be comprehensively proved by systematic analysis. Our current analysis was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of FZHY capsule by an evidence-based method. Databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang, VIP medicine information system, Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, were searched, and the randomized controlled trials of FZHY capsule were used for the treatment of HBV-associated liver cirrhosis. Meta-analysis was performed by Review Manager 5.3. The efficacy rate, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL), albumin (ALB), Procollagen III protein (PIIIP), hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), Collagen C Type IV (IV-C), Child-Pugh score, portal vein diameter, spleen thickness, HBeAg negative conversion rate, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate were systematically assessed. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of eligible studies. Nineteen studies with 1,769 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to conventional treatment, FZHY capsule was effective by increasing the efficacy. FZHY capsule was more efficient in improving ALT, AST, TBIL, PIIIP, HA, LN, IV-C, Child-Pugh grading score, portal vein diameter, spleen thickness, and HBV-DNA negative conversion rate with no serious adverse reactions. Nevertheless, a variety of well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm these findings since small samples were applied in the previous studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholestasis is a leading cause of hepatic accumulation of bile acids resulting in liver injury, fibrosis, and liver failure. Paeoniflorin displays bright prospects in liver protective effect. However, its molecular mechanism has not been well-explored. This study was designed to assess the effects and possible mechanisms of paeoniflorin against alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate-induced liver injury. Ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight combined with principle component analysis and partial least squares discriminant analysis were integrated to obtain differentiating metabolites for the pathways and clarify mechanisms of disease. The results indicated that paeoniflorin could remarkably downregulate serum biochemical indexes and alleviate the histological damage of liver tissue. Different expression of 14 metabolites demonstrated that paeoniflorin mainly regulated the dysfunctions of glycerophospholipid metabolism and primary bile acid biosynthesis. Moreover, several pathways such as arginine and proline metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and arachidonic acid metabolism were also related to the efficacy. In conclusion, paeoniflorin has indicated favorable pharmacological effect on serum biochemical indexes and pathological observation on cholestatic model. And metabolomics is a promising approach to unraveling hepatoprotective effects by partially regulating the perturbed pathways, which provide insights into mechanisms of cholestasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injections have been used as valuable preparations of herbal medicines. However, minor quality variation of TCM injections in the storage and transportation often results in adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events. In this study, biothermal dynamic test combined with chemical analysis was applied to monitor the consistency and stability of TCM injections. Shuang- huang- lian freeze-dried powder for injection (SHLPI) was selected as a representative herbal injection. Ten batches of normal samples and nine batches of artificially abnormal samples were collected. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) fingerprinting was frequently used to characterize the chemical composition of TCM injections. However, it could not monitor minor quality fluctuation of the samples under special conditions such as lighting, high temperature, and bacterial contamination. The biological activity of SHLPI on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was detected and then analyzed with chemometric methods including similarity evaluation and partial least-squared discriminant analysis. The similarity of abnormal samples in HPLC fingerprinting was > 0.99, whereas most of the abnormal samples in biological fingerprinting was 0.943-0.652, demonstrating the greater discriminating ability of biological fingerprinting. Our study demonstrated that biological fingerprinting is effective to monitor the quality fluctuation of TCM injections and could improve the quality control of herbal medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To illustrate the difference in cold/hot natural properties and therapeutic effect of coptis-evodia herb couples by using cold/hot plate differentiating technology and microcalorimetry combined with material basis analysis in vivo and in vitro. It showed that animal retention ratio in hot pad significantly decreased along with the decrease in coptis proportion in coptis-evodia herb couples. In addition, Zuojin wan markedly reduced the retention ratio of gastritis mice in the hot pad, while Fanzuojin wan displayed an opposite result. Further, Mg2+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase, and T-AOC activity significantly weakened in coptis-treated group in the livers of the mice. In the gastric cells from the gastritis mice, Fanzuojin wan remarkably increased calorific value for growth and metabolism, while Zuojin wan significantly reduced the calorigenic effect. It suggested that the changes in the major chemical compositions (especially alkaloids) were the material base-induced transformation between “cold” and “hot” syndromes. The material basis which affected the transformation between “cold” and “hot” syndromes might be X2, X3, X4, X8, epiberberine hydrochloride, jatrorrhizine hydrochloride, coptisine sulphate, palmatine hydrochloride, and berberine hydrochloride. The CHPD combined with microcalorimetry technology is a good method to determine the differences in the “cold” and “hot” natural properties of coptis-evodia herb couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Kushenin (KS) combined with nucleoside analogues (NAs) for chronic hepatitis B (CHB). Methods. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of KS combined with NAs for CHB were identified through 7 databases. Frequencies of loss of serum HBeAg, HBeAg seroconversion, undetectable serum HBV-DNA, ALT normalization, and adverse events at 48 weeks were abstracted by two reviewers. The Cochrane software was performed to assess the risk of bias in the included trials. Data were analyzed with Review Manager 5.3 software. Results. 18 RCTs involving 1684 subjects with CHB were included in the analysis. KS combined with NAs including lamivudine (LAM), entecavir (ETV), adefovir dipivoxil (ADV), and telbivudine (TLV) showed different degree of improvement in CHB indices. KS combined with NAs increased the frequency of loss of serum HBeAg, HBeAg seroconversion, undetectable HBV-DNA levels, and ALT normalization compared with single agents. It also decreased serum ALT and AST level after one-year treatment. However, KS combined with TLV did not show a significant difference in CHB indices. The side-effects of KS combined with NAs were light and of low frequency. Conclusion. KS combined with NAs improves the efficacy of NAs in CHB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For quality control of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM), an attempt on fingerprint-efficacy study of Radix Aconiti Lateralis Preparata ( Fuzi) was developed in this paper. The fingerprints of Fuzi from various sources were determined by UPLC and hierarchical clustering analysis. Some quantitative thermo-kinetic parameters such as the heat-flow maximum power ( P) and its time corresponding to t, which obtained from the thermogenic curves of mitochondria metabolic activity affected by Fuzi were analyzed using principal component analysis. The fingerprint-efficacy relationship of chemical fingerprint and promoting effect of Fuzi were established using canonical correlation analysis. Our results showed that the sources and places of production of Fuzi had some significant influence on the chemical fingerprints and promoting metabolic effects of this CHM. Fingerprint-efficacy study provided a powerful way and some references for the quality control of Fuzi and other CHMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Yinchenhao decoction, a well-known Chinese herbal formula, has been widely used in Chinese Medicine for thousands of years. However, no systematic review of Yinchenhao decoction in treating cholestasis has been completed. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the Yinchenhao decoction in treating cholestasis. Materials and methods The major databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Chinese Biomedical Database, Wanfang database, VIP medicine information system and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched from the databases׳ inception through November 2014. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of Yinchenhao decoction reported in publications for treatment of cholestasis were extracted by two reviewers. The RCTs examined included total efficacy rate and biochemical indices including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBIL) and direct bilirubin (DBIL). The Cochrane tool was applied to assess the risk of bias of the trials. The main outcomes of the trials were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3 software. The odds ratio (OR) or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the effect. Results Among the 698 studies identified in the literature search, 15 studies involving 1405 subjects with cholestasis were included in the analysis. Yinchenhao decoction demonstrated efficacy in cholestasis treatment whether in a combined application or not. Additionally, the decoction significantly reduced the elevated levels of cholestasis serum markers, such as ALT, AST, TBIL and DBIL, with a significant difference observed in short and long curative time periods. Remarkably, Yinchenhao decoction displayed a significant efficacy in treating the long-term disease. Conclusion No serious adverse event was reported. This meta-analysis provides evidence that Yinchenhao decoction is an effective and safe treatment for cholestasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zuojin pill (ZJP), a classical Chinese medicine formula, has been widely applied in Chinese clinical practice for the treatment of gastric injury such as acute gastric lesion, acute gastric mucosal injury, chronic unpredictable mild stress, gastroesophageal reflux disease, etc, thereby exerting anti-chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) effects in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. This study was aimed to explore the therapeutic effects and molecular mechanisms of ZJP on Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced CAG based on the comprehensive approaches. Sprague-Dawley rats were infected with H. pylori for 8 weeks to establish CAG model. Then, rats in the ZJP groups received doses of 0.63, 1.26, and 2.52 g/kg ZJP for 4 weeks. Therapeutic effects of ZJP on serum indices and the histopathology of the gastric were analyzed in vivo. Moreover, GES-1 cells were infected with H. pylori to establish gastric epithelial cell injury model in vitro. Cell viability and gastric epithelial cell morphology were detected by a high-content screening (HCS) assay. Furthermore, the relative mRNA and protein expression of JMJD2B/COX-2/VEGF axis and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro were determined by RT-PCR and Western Blotting, respectively. The results showed that the therapeutic effects of ZJP on CAG rats were presented in down-regulation serum biochemical indices and alleviating histological damage of gastric tissue. ZJP could dose-dependently decrease the serum IL-6, MCP-1, PGE2, TNF-α, and VEGF level and significantly improved gastric tissue inflammatory lesions. Besides, ZJP has an effect on increasing cell proliferation of GES-1 cells, ameliorating H. pylori -induced gastric epithelial cell damage. It was found that ZJP has a down-regulating effect on inflammatory reaction and could inhibit the relative mRNA and protein expression of JMJD2B/COX-2/VEGF axis and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro , including JMJD2B, COX-2, VEGF, VEGFR1, and VEGFR2, which in turn reduced the damage of gastric mucosal cells. The results suggested that ZJP exerts therapeutic effects on H. pylori -induced CAG by inhibiting the JMJD2B/COX-2/VEGF axis and HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway. These findings deeply explained why ZJP could be used to treat CAG clinically and clarified its pharmacological effect and potential mechanism in the treatment of CAG. [Display omitted] • Zuojin Pill alleviates chronic atrophic gastritis precancerous lesions of gastric carcinoma in GES-1 cells induced by Helicobacter pylori. • ZJP attenuates H. pylori -induced CAG by regulating the JMJD2B/COX-2/VEGF axis signaling pathway. • ZJP has therapeutic effects on H. pylori -induced CAG via inhibiting the HMGB1/NF-κB signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, a non-invasive and non-destructive microcalorimetric method was applied to assess the toxic effects of two Aconitum herbal medicines, Radix Aconitum Kusnezoffii and Radix A. carmichaeli, on the multiplying and non-multiplying metabolism of Shigella dysenteriae. Some crucial information, such as the thermogenic curves and thermo-kinetic parameters including growth rate constant k, inhibitory ratio I and half-inhibitory concentration IC 50, of S. dysenteriae growth affected by the two Aconitum species was obtained. Coupled with chemometric analysis on this information, it could be found that Radix A. Kusnezoffii and Radix A. carmichaeli could be differentiated according to their toxic effects; Radix A. Kusnezoffii with IC 50 of 35.2mg/mL had stronger toxic effect than Radix A. carmichaeli with IC 50 of 49.6mg/mL. This present study shows the effectiveness of combining microcalorimetry and chemometrics for assessing the toxic effects of herbal medicines and other food matrices. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A reverse phase ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (UPLC–ELSD) method was successfully established for simultaneous determination of five bile acid derivatives in Calculus Bovis and its medicinal preparations using a Waters Acquity UPLC T3 C18 column (2.1×50mm, 1.8μm) with gradient elution of 0.2% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. The influence of liquid flow-rate and column temperature, gas flow-rate and drift tube temperature on resolution was investigated to get the optimized parameters and conditions. This method was validated according to the regulatory guidelines with respect to precision, accuracy and linearity. Under optimum conditions, the five analytes were baseline separated in 11min with detection and quantification limits ranged in 3.0–6.0ng and 6.0–18.0ng, respectively, which provided about a twofold reduction in analysis time and good efficiency and sensitivity by comparing a conventional high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Zuojin Pill (ZJP) has been a classic prescription for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in China since ancient times. But its effect on non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced gastric injury (GI) is still uncharted. This study aims to investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of ZJP on indomethacin (IDO) induced gastric injury. GI was induced in rat by oral administration of 5 mg/kg IDO. Then the rats were treated with ZJP (1.26, 2.52, 5.04 g/kg, ig). The changes of food intake, body weight, gastric pH and general state observation were carried out to determine the improvement of ZJP in IDO-induced GI: HE staining and AB-PAS staining was analyzed to characterize the thickness of gastric mucosa and micro mucosal injury; in order to elucidate the effect of ZJP on IDO-induced inflammatory injury, the inflammatory infiltration of gastric tissue was observed by MPO immunohistochemical method, and the contents of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were measured. Furthermore, the regulatory mechanism of ZJP in treating IDO-induced GI was predicted with the help of network pharmacology, and the expression levels of key proteins ERK, p-ERK, P38, p-P38, JNK, p-JNK were determined to elucidate the molecular mechanism of ZJP. Current data strongly demonstrated that ZJP alleviated food intake reduction, weight loss and gastric injury caused by IDO and made gastric pH and mucosal thickness return to normal. In addition, ZJP could reduce the level of MPO to alleviate the inflammatory infiltration of gastric tissue. Simultaneously, ZJP could down regulate the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 and up regulate the expression of IL-10 to reduce the damage caused by inflammatory, and create a healing environment. Furthermore, ZJP could significantly inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK, p38 and JNK, which leaded to the increase of inflammatory factors and the damage of gastric mucosa. ZJP improved local inflammation by inhibiting MAPK signaling pathway, and had a good therapeutic effect on IDO-induced GI. This study has reference significance for the study of ZJP in the prevention and treatment of NSAID induced gastric injury. In addition, ZJP may be a new treatment option for the prevention and treatment of NSAID induced gastric disease. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sancao granule (SCG) is a traditional Chinese herb formula, which has been used for autoimmune liver disease for decades. Previous study demonstrated that there was an exactly therapeutic effect of SCG on autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) by improving liver function and alleviating the clinical symptoms. However, studies of the mechanism by which SCG alleviates Con A-induced liver injury (CILI) should be complemented. An ultraperformance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF/MS)-based metabolomics approach combined with principle component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (OPLS-DA) were integrated applied to obtain metabolites for clarifying mechanisms of disease. In accordance with previously study, the present study demonstrated that SCG could obviously improve the liver injury in mouse induced by Con A via downregulating serum biochemical indexes, alleviating the histological damage and inhibiting the neutrophil infiltration in liver tissues. Different expression of 9 metabolites related to 8 pathways, including fatty acid biosynthesis, arachidonic acid metabolisms, linoleic acid metabolisms, sphingolipid metabolisms, fatty acid elongation in mitochondria, glycerophospholipid metabolism, fatty acid metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism were demonstrated responsible for the efficacy of SCG in treating CILI. In sum up, SCG has been indicated favorable therapeutic effect on Con A induced liver injury. And metabolomics could be a promising approach, which provide insights into mechanisms of SCG in treating CILI. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combined use of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata (ALRP) and Zingiberis Rhizoma (ZR) are classic compatibilities in China for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as increasing myocardial contractility, anti-arrhythmia, reducing myocardial oxygen consumption, and dilating organ blood vessels, etc, thereby exerting anti-heart failure (HF) effects in traditional Chinese herbal medicine. However, comprehensive approaches for understanding the therapeutic effects and mechanisms underlying chronic heart failure (CHF) from the perspective of energy metabolism have not been pursued. This research was aimed to investigate the effectiveness and potential mechanism of ALRP combined with ZR (1:1) on doxorubicin (DOX)-induced CHF in rats based on an integrated approach that combines network pharmacology analyses and molecular biology. CHF model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of DOX. ALRP and ZR were intragastrically administrated for three weeks. The detection indices including hemodynamic measurements, myocardial injury marker, and myocardial pathological changes were measured. Network pharmacology analysis was used to illustrate the pathways and network of ALRP and ZR against HF. Mitochondrial energy metabolism pathway associated gene and protein levels of PPARα, PGC-1α and Sirt3 in myocardial tissue were detected by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. The results indicated that ALRP-ZR herbal couple significantly improved the left ventricular function and cardiac enzyme activities in comparison with their single use. Network pharmacology analysis results showed that the pharmacological mechanisms of ALRP-ZR may be related to PPAR energy metabolism pathway. Besides, the outcomes of western-blot and real-time PCR analysis showed that ALRP-ZR significantly upregulates the protein and gene level of PPARα, PGC-1α, and Sirt3. Network pharmacology analysis would be an effective network analyze workflow which was feasible for evaluating the pharmacological effect of a multi-drug complex system. The Chinese herbal couple ALRP-ZR had a better therapeutic effect than their single-use against DOX-induced CHF, which may be related to enhancing left ventricular function by activating the PPARα/PGC-1α/Sirt3 pathway. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]