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Objectives: To determine the association between hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and Non Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). Duration & Design: This 2 year observational and analytical, case control study was started on 1st January 2009 at C.M.C Larkana, after approval of ethical review committee. Methods & Materials: After informed written consent, blood samples from 361 NHL cases and 1444 age and sex matched controls (2 groups) meeting our selection criteria, were sent for detection of HBsAg and Anti-HCV Ab on 3rd generation ELISA. Pearson's chi-square test was applied to compare HBsAg and Anti-HCV Ab seropositivity in cases and controls and odd ratios were computed using SPSS version 10. Results: 69 (19.1%) of cases, 55 (7.6%) controls in group 1(1st Degree Relatives) and 60 (8.3%) controls in group 2 (Non Hematological Malignancy) were HBsAg positive, with odd ratios of 2.86 (95% CI; 1.96 - 4.19) for control group 1 and 2.60 (95% CI; 1.79 - 3.78) for control group 2. Beside, 52 (14.4%) of cases, 53 (7.3%) subjects in control group 1and 58 (8.0%) in control group 2 were Anti-HCV Ab positive, with odd ratios of 2.12 (95% CI; 1.41 - 3.18) for control group 1 and 1.92 (95% CI; 1.29 - 2.86) for control group 2. P value was 0.000 for both. Conclusion: HBsAg and Anti-HCV Ab seropositivity is associated with 2-3 times risk of development of NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction & Objectives: Limited data is available on association of HCV infection and NHL in Pakistan. This was a matter of particular interest. So, this study was conducted to determine the association between HCV infection and NHL. Duration & Design: This 2 year observational, case control study was started on 1st January 2009 at C.M.C Larkana, after approval of ethical review committee. Methods & Materials: After informed written consent, blood samples from 292 NHL cases and 1168 age and sex matched controls meeting our selection criteria, were sent for detection of Anti-HCV Ab on 3rd generation ELISA. Pearson's chi-square test was applied to compare Anti-HCV Ab seropositivity in cases and controls and odd ratios were computed using SPSS.10. P value of .05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: 52 (17.8%) of cases, 45 (7.7%) controls in group 1 and 50 (8.6%) in group 2 were Anti-HCV Ab positive, with odd ratio of 2.59 (95% CI; 1.69 - 3.97) for control group 1 and 2.31 (95% CI; 1.52 - 3.50) for control group 2. P value was .000 for both. Beside, Anti-HCV Ab positive NHL cases were more likely to be in middle age (40-60) years with odd ratio of 3.68 (95% CI; 2.07 - 6.50) and p value of .000. Conclusion: Anti-HCV Ab seropositivity is associated with 2.5 times the risk of development of NHL and seropositive cases tend to be in middle age category than seronegative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]