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Graphical abstract The adhering and spreading of endothelia cells (ECs) and macrophages (MAs) to SEMA4D/Heparin modified surface. Highlights • Monitoring the EC/MA interactions with biomaterials under dynamic circumstances. • Surfaces with high heparin promoted EC adhesion and spreading. • Surfaces with high SEMA4D enhanced both MA adhesion and spreading. • Specific igand-receptor interactions promote adhesion and spreading for either EC or MA. Abstract In vitro evaluation techniques that address cellular interactions under dynamic circumstances are required for the development of advanced biomaterials. In this study, quartz crystal microbalance and dissipation (QCM-D) provided a surface sensitive technique that enabled real-time monitoring of the adhesion and spreading response of endothelial cells (ECs) and macrophages (MAs) to soluble-semaphoring 4D (SEMA4D)/heparin modified substratum. The high heparin and low SEMA4D of substratum promoted ECs adhering and spreading. However, surfaces with high SEMA4D and low heparin enhanced MA adhering and spreading. Furthermore, DF plots of QCM-D indicated that the adhering and spreading of MAs were mainly mediated via the ligand-receptor interaction of SEMA4D-CD72, while both adhering and spreading of ECs were mainly mediated via heparin-induced integrin binding. This study suggests that QCM-D combined with other appropriate methods can be utilized to explore the mechanisms for cellular interaction with biomaterial surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late thrombus and restenosis caused by delayed endothelialization and insufficient biocompatibility of polymer coating continue to be the greatest limitations of drug-eluting stents. In this study, based on the specific structure of vascular basement membrane, a novel biomimetic nano-coating was constructed by incorporating laminin into electrostatic-assembled heparin/poly- l -lysine nanoparticles. Alteration of heparin and poly- l -lysine concentration ratio in a certain range has no significantly influence nanoparticle size, uniformity and stability, but may affect the chemical property and subsequently the binding efficiency to dopamine-coated titanium surface. By use of this feature, four different nanoparticles were synthesized and immobilized on titanium surface for creating gradient nanoparticle binding density. According to in vitro biocompatibility evaluation, the nanoparticle modified surfaces were found to effectively block coagulation pathway and reduce thrombosis formation. Moreover, NP10L and NP15L modified surface with relatively low heparin exposing density (4.9 to 7.1 μg/cm2) showed beneficial effect in selective promoting EPCs and ECs proliferation, as well as stimulating cell migration and NO synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The biocompatibility of currently used coronary artery stent is still far from perfect, which closely related to insufficient endothelialization and thrombus formation. In this study, heparin, fibronectin and VEGF were immobilized on Ti surface to construct a multifunctional microenvironment with favorable properties to inhibit thrombosis formation and promote endothelialization simultaneously. The microenvironment on Ti surface was characterized in detail and demonstrated that the Hep/Fn/VEGF biofunctional coating was constructed successfully on Ti surface. The influence of surface properties such as chemical composition, roughness, hydrophilicity, and binding density of biomolecules on the performances of hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility was evaluated and discussed. Modified surface significantly enhanced the AT III binding density and prolonged the clotting time. In vitro platelet adhesion and activation assays further proved that the modified surface presented favorable anti-coagulant property. In addition, the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) on the Hep/Fn/VEGF biofunctional coating was significantly promoted. In conclusion, the Hep/Fn/VEGF biofunctional coating was successfully constructed with desirable anticoagulant and endothelialization supporting properties. This work may provide a promising approach for biofunctional surface modification of coronary artery stent to acquire a desired multifunctional microenvironment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface biofunctional modification of coronary artery stent to improve the hemocompatibility and selectively accelerate endothelium regeneration but prevent restenosis have been become a new hotspot. For this, a novel method was developed in this work by co-immobilization of Ln and heparin complex on poly- l -lysine modified Ti surface. Take the advantage of the specific interaction between Ln and heparin, Ln and heparin complexes with different concentration ratios were set up for creating different exposure density of these two types of biomolecules. According to biocompatibility evaluation results, the Hep/Ln complexes modified surface displayed less platelet adhesion and activation. Especially, on L(150)H and L(200)H surface, the AT III binding quantity, APTT value and anti-coagulation property of modified surface were significantly promoted. Furthermore, the adherent density and proliferation activity of ECs and EPCs were positively correlated with Ln concentration. Notably, the proliferation of both ECs and EPCs on L(100)H, L(150)H and L(200)H surface were greatly promoted. Another hand, the proliferation activity of SMCs was significantly inhibited on Hep/Ln modified surfaces, which was considered mainly due to the inhibitory effect of heparin to SMCs. According to the existing results, this study demonstrated that in a certain range of heparin and laminin concentration ratio, the biological behavior of platelets, ECs, EPCs and SMCs could be selectively directed. We suggested that this article provided a potential method to construct an adequate platform on a stent surface for accelerate endothelialization with low side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]