1. Predicting the risk of bleeding during dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndromes.
- Author
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Alfredsson J, Neely B, Neely ML, Bhatt DL, Goodman SG, Tricoci P, Mahaffey KW, Cornel JH, White HD, Fox KA, Prabhakaran D, Winters KJ, Armstrong PW, Ohman EM, and Roe MT
- Subjects
- Acute Coronary Syndrome drug therapy, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Clopidogrel, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Double-Blind Method, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Global Health, Hemorrhage chemically induced, Humans, Incidence, Male, Middle Aged, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors administration & dosage, Prasugrel Hydrochloride administration & dosage, Ticlopidine administration & dosage, Ticlopidine adverse effects, Time Factors, Acute Coronary Syndrome surgery, Coronary Artery Bypass methods, Hemorrhage epidemiology, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors adverse effects, Prasugrel Hydrochloride adverse effects, Risk Assessment methods, Ticlopidine analogs & derivatives
- Abstract
Objectives: Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin + a P2Y12 inhibitor is recommended for at least 12 months for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), with shorter durations considered for patients with increased bleeding risk. However, there are no decision support tools available to predict an individual patient's bleeding risk during DAPT treatment in the post-ACS setting., Methods: To develop a longitudinal bleeding risk prediction model, we analy sed 9240 patients with unstable angina/non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) from the Targeted Platelet Inhibition to Clarify the Optimal Strategy to Medically Manage Acute Coronary Syndromes (TRILOGY ACS) trial, who were managed without revasculari sation and treated with DAPT for a median of 14.8 months., Results: We identified 10 significant baseline predictors of non-coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)-related Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Arteries (GUSTO) severe/life-threatening/moderate bleeding: age, sex, weight, NSTEMI (vs unstable angina), angiography performed before randomi sation, prior peptic ulcer disease, creatinine, systolic blood pressure, haemoglobin and treatment with beta-blocker. The five significant baseline predictors of Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) major or minor bleeding included age, sex, angiography performed before randomi sation, creatinine and haemoglobin. The models showed good predictive accuracy with Therneau's C- indices: 0.78 (SE = 0.024) for the GUSTO model and 0.67 (SE = 0.023) for the TIMI model. Internal validation with bootstrapping gave similar C -indices of 0.77 and 0.65, respectively. External validation demonstrated an attenuated C -index for the GUSTO model (0.69) but not the TIMI model (0.68)., Conclusions: Longitudinal bleeding risks during treatment with DAPT in patients with ACS can be reliably predicted using selected baseline characteristics. The TRILOGY ACS bleeding models can inform risk -benefit considerations regarding the duration of DAPT following ACS., Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00699998., Competing Interests: Competing interests: JA: consulting fees: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Sanofi-Aventis and Eli Lilly. Lecture fees: AstraZeneca, Novartis, Merck, Sharp & Dohme and Sanofi-Aventis. Research funding: AstraZeneca. BN and MN: none. DLB: advisory board: Cardax, Elsevier Practice Update Cardiology, Medscape Cardiology, Regado Biosciences. Board of directors: Boston VA Research Institute, Society of Cardiovascular Patient Care. Chair: American Heart Association Get With The Guidelines Steering Committee. Data monitoring committees: Duke Clinical Research Institute, Harvard Clinical Research Institute, Mayo Clinic, Population Health Research Institute. Honoraria: American College of Cardiology (Senior Associate Editor, Clinical Trials and News, ACC.org), Belvoir Publications (Editor in Chief, Harvard Heart Letter), Duke Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committees), Harvard Clinical Research Institute (clinical trial steering committee), HMP Communications (Editor in Chief, Journal of Invasive Cardiology), Journal of the American College of Cardiology (Associate Editor), Population Health Research Institute (clinical trial steering committee), Slack Publications (Chief Medical Editor, Cardiology Today’s Intervention), WebMD (CME steering committees). Other: Clinical Cardiology (Deputy Editor). Research funding: Amarin, AstraZeneca, Biotronik, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eisai, Ethicon, Forest Laboratories, Ischemix, Medtronic, Pfizer, Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, St. Jude Medical, The Medicines Company. Trustee: American College of Cardiology. Unfunded research: FlowCo, PLx Pharma, Takeda. SGG: consulting fees: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Eli Lilly, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis. Research grants: AstraZeneca, Bayer, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Eli Lilly, Johnson & Johnson, Merck and Sanofi-Aventis. All other disclosures (unrelated to this manuscript) are listed at: http://www.vigour.ualberta.ca/About/ConflictofInterest.aspx. PT: research grants: Merck, Sanofi-Aventis, CSL and Regeneron. Consulting payments: Merck and CSL. KWM: grant funding: Medtronic and St. Jude. Consulting payments: American College of Cardiology, AstraZeneca, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Cubist, Eli Lilly, Elsevier, Forest, GlaxoSmithKline, Johnson and Johnson, Medtronic, Merck, Omthera, Portola, Spring Publishing, The Medicines Company and WebMD. JHC: consulting payments: Eli Lilly, Merck Sharp and Dohme, AstraZeneca and Merck. HDW: grant support from Sanofi-Aventis, Eli Lilly, The Medicines Company, NIH, Pfizer, Roche, Johnson & Johnson, Schering-Plough, Merck Sharp & Dohme, AstraZeneca, GlaxoSmithKline, Daiichi Sankyo Pharma Development and Bristol-Myers Squibb. Advisory boards: Merck Sharpe & Dohme, Roche and Regado Biosciences. KAAF: research grants: Lilly, Bayer, Johnson & Johnson and AstraZeneca. Speakers bureau: Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca and Sanofi-Aventis. Consulting/other: Lilly, Bayer, Johnson & Johnson, AstraZeneca, Sanofi-Aventis, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly. DP: research grants: Eli Lilly and the Medtronic Foundation. Honoraria: Eli Lilly. KJW: employee and minor stockholder of Eli Lilly and Company. PWA: consulting fees: Eli Lilly, Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck, Axio Research and Orexigen. Grant support: Boehringer Ingelheim, Hoffmann-La Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, Scios, Ortho Biotech, Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, GlaxoSmithKline, Amylin Pharmaceuticals and Merck. Payment for developing educational presentations: AstraZeneca and Eli Lilly and Company. EMO: grant support and travel expenses: Daiichi Sankyo and Eli Lilly. Consulting fees: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Liposcience, Merck, Pozen, Hoffmann-La Roche, Sanofi-Aventis, The Medicines Company and Web MD. Grant support: Gilead Sciences. Lecture fees: Gilead Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim and The Medicines Company. MTR: research funding: Eli Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, American College of Cardiology, the American Heart Association and the Familial Hypercholesterolemia Foundation. Consulting payments or honoraria: AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Merck, Amgen, Pri-Med and Elsevier Publishers. All conflicts of interest are listed at https://www.dcri.org/about-us/conflict-of-interest., (© Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)
- Published
- 2017
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