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Key to the Dictyopharidae known from Nepal 1 Mesonotum with lateral carinae nearly straight and parallel (Figs 1A, B; 2A); lobes of phallobase on aedeagus with long sclerotized spines around (Figs 3D–F) (Dictyopharini)............................................................... 2 – Mesonotum with lateral carinae incurved and convergent (Figs 1D, E); lobes of phallobase on aedeagus without long sclerotized spines (Orthopagini)........... 3 2 Cephalic process in front of eyes narrowed and distinctly slender; vertex with basal width narrower than transverse diameter of eyes (Figs 1A, 2A–C)............................... Dictyohimalaya nepalensis gen. & sp. nov. – Cephalic process in front of eyes not narrowed and distinctly robust; vertex with basal width equal to or wider than transverse diameter of eyes (Fig. 1B).............................................................................. Raivuna sp. 3 Apex of cephalic process truncated; forewings with a large sublunate fuscous streak on posterior margin of apical area; fore femora flattened and dilated (Fig. 1D), with a large blunt spine near apex................................................................. Orthopagus lunulifer Uhler, 1897 – Apex of cephalic process acuminate; forewings without sublunate fuscous streak; fore femora not flattened and dilated (Figs 1E, F), with a small acute spine near apex........... Tenguna medogensis Song & Liang, 2007, Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Jiang, Gong-Cheng & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2020, Dictyopharidae of Nepal (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), with description of a new genus, pp. 545-552 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 60 (2) on page 547, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.037, http://zenodo.org/record/5177655, {"references":["SONG Z. - S. & LIANG A. - P. 2007: A new species of the Oriental planthopper genus Tenguna Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) from Xizang, China. Zootaxa 1439: 57 - 64."]}

Tenguna medogensis Song & Liang, 2007 (Figs 1E, F) Material examined. NEPAL: 1 ♀, Godawari Kathmandu V., 13,14, 17. ix.1987, H. Takizawa (EIHU). Remarks. This species is a new record for Nepal. Tenguna medogensis was described from Tibet, China (SඈඇǤ & Lං- ൺඇǤ 2007). The single female of T. medogensis from Nepal is identical in external characters to the type specimens.

Orthopagus lunulifer Uhler, 1897 (Fig. 1D) Material examined. NEPAL: 1J, Chitwan National Park, Island Jungle reserve, 29–30.x.1995, L. Peregovits (HNHM). Remarks. The genus Orthopagus was revised by SඈඇǤ et al. (2018b) who also reported the specimen cited here from Nepal. This specimen is identical in external characters to specimens of O. lunulifer from Japan, China, Taiwan and Vietnam. However, it differs in the shape of the lobe on the dorso-posterior margin of the pygofer which is smaller (shorter and simply angular) than in the rest of O. lunulifer males studied. The phallobase of this specimen could not be sufficiently compared as its membranous lobes failed to inflate during the preparation. More specimens and data are needed to confirm the identification (SඈඇǤ et al. 2018b)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Jiang, Gong-Cheng & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2020, Dictyopharidae of Nepal (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha), with description of a new genus, pp. 545-552 in Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) (Acta. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae) 60 (2) on page 551, DOI: 10.37520/aemnp.2020.037, http://zenodo.org/record/5177655

Centromeriana rhinoceros sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 304EABAF-397A-401C-931F-A8F2D782B702 Figs 2A, D, 3C, 7 A–C Diagnosis The species is formally described here in the absence of males but it can be distinguished from all other Centromeriana species by asexual characters, particularly the backward inclination of the cephalic process which also has a relatively smaller size. From C. jocosa and C. lindbergae sp. nov. it also differs in the clear forewing apex and from C. simplex in the body coloration, having a dark pattern, particularly on the abdomen. Etymology The specific epithet is a noun in apposition derived through Latin from the Ancient Greek word ρίνóκερως (= rhinoceros), which is composed of ρίνο- (= nose) and κέρας (= horn). The new species is named for its horn-shaped cephalic process. Type material examined Holotype TOGO: ♀, “Toǵo, Bismarckburǵ, L. Conradt [dark blue printed label]; HOLOTYPE [newly added red printed label]; ♀, Centromeriana rhinoceros sp. nov., det. Z.S. Song, I. Malenovský & A.P. Liang, 2016 [newly added red printed label]” (MFNB, dry-mounted: pinned through mesonotum). Paratype TOGO: 1 ♀, “Toǵo, Bismarckburǵ, L. Conradt [dark blue printed label]; PARATYPE [newly added yellow printed label]; ♀, Centromeriana rhinoceros sp. nov., det. Z.S. Song, I. Malenovský & A.P. Liang, 2016 [newly added red printed label]” (MFNB, dry-mounted: pinned through mesonotum). Description LENGTH. Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): ♀ 14.4 mm; head length (including two portions: the former is from apex of cephalic process to constricted and curved part, and the latter is from curved part to base of eyes): ♀ 0.7+1.0; head width (including eyes): ♀ 1.4 mm; forewing length: ♀ 11.9 mm. COLORATION (Figs 2A, D, 7 A–C) AND STRUCTURE. Largely identical to C. jocosa except for the forewing membrane which has clear apex (Fig. 3C). Cephalic process in lateral view relatively short, strongly upturned and curved upward and slightly backward in more than 90° (Fig. 7B). Male unknown. Distribution Togo.

Centromeriana lindbergae sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B6EE7817-C8D3-413F-9301-251C6389C5DB Figs 1B, 3B, 6 A���J Centromeriana jocosa auct., nec Gerstaecker, 1895 (in part): 13. Centromeriana jocosa ��� Melichar 1912: 45 (record from Sierra Leone). Diagnosis Centromeriana lindbergae sp. nov. is very similar to C. jocosa in size, coloration and body structure but can be differentiated from the latter by the structure of the male genitalia: the segment X (anal tube) which is broad in dorsal view and with broad and blunt apical lobes, weakly projecting ventrad in lateral view (in C. jocosa, the segment X is much narrower and elongate in dorsal view and with narrow, sharp, hook-like apical lobes strongly projecting ventrad in lateral view); and the aedeagus which has relatively short and only slightly curved endosomal processes, the apices of which are directed dorso-posteriad (in C. jocosa, the endosomal processes are longer and more strongly curved, with apices directed dorso-anteriad), and the ventral lobes of the phallobase are more slender, convergent and tapering apically, but divergent medially (in C. jocosa, they are robust and thumb-like, broad apically and confluent medially). Centromeriana lindbergae sp. nov. differs from C. rhinoceros sp. nov. in the presence of a brownish macula on the forewing apex and a less inclined cephalic process. Centromeriana lindbergae sp. nov. differs from C. simplex in a darker body coloration pattern, the presence of a brownish macula on the forewing apex, and the structure of the male genitalia, particularly a broader segment X (narrower in C. simplex), obtusely angled dorsoposterior margin of pygofer (right-angled in C. simplex), a more slender and sicle-shaped gonostyle (robust and triangular in C. simplex), and the aedeagus with long endosomal processes (absent in C. simplex) and differently shaped and sized lobes of the phallobase (C. simplex has large and broad triangular dorsal lobes, expanded laterally). Etymology The new species is named after Ms. Gunvi Lindberg, manager of the Hemiptera collection and the microscopic slide collection at the Naturhistoriska riksmuseet, Stockholm, Sweden, in recognition of her kindest help and support to the first author when he visited NHRS in 2014. Type material examined Holotype SIERRA LEONE: ♂, ���Sierra Leone, no date and collector [white printed label]; NHRS-GULI 000009124 [white printed label]; HOLOTYPE [newly added red printed label]; ♂, Centromeriana lindbergae sp. nov., det. Z.S. Song, I. Malenovsk�� & A.P. Liang, 2016 [newly added red printed label]��� (NHRS, dry-mounted: pinned through mesonotum, right wing apex missing, abdomen detached and stored in glycerine in a glass microvial). Paratype SIERRA LEONE: 1 ♂, ���Sierra Leone [white printed label]; jocosa Gerst, det. Melichar [white handwritten and printed label]; Hung. Nat. Hist. Mus., Budapest, coll. Hemiptera [yellow printed label]; PARATYPUS ♂, Centromeriana lindbergae sp. nov., det. Z.S. Song, I. Malenovsk�� & A.P. Liang, 2016 [newly added red printed label]��� (HNHM, dry-mounted: pinned through mesonotum, abdomen detached and stored in glycerine in a plastic microvial). Description LENGTH. Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): ♂ 14.3 mm; head length (including two portions: the former is from apex of cephalic process to constricted and curved part, and the latter is from curved part to base of eyes): ♂ (0.7���0.8)+(1.1���1.2); head width (including eyes): ♂ 1.6 mm; forewing length: ♂ 11.4���11.9 mm. COLORATION AND EXTERNAL MORPHOLOGY (Figs 1B, 3B, 6 A���C). Largely identical to C. jocosa. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 6E) similar to C. jocosa, ventral margin much longer than dorsal one with ratio of ventral to dorsal length about 4.2:1; dorso-posterior margin obtusely angular. Gonostyles (Fig. 6 E���G) identical to C. jocosa, sicle-shaped, narrow basally, slightly expanding towards apex, broadest subapically; dorsal claw-like process large, elongate, and acute apically. Aedeagus with endosomal processes (Fig. 6 H���J) relatively short, membranous, slightly inflated, acute apically, slightly curved with apices directed obliquely dorso-posteriad, apex with minute spines; phallobase sclerotized and pigmented at base, membranous and inflated apically, with one pair of thumb-like dorsolateral lobes, directed anteriad, apex with numerous minute spines (Fig. 6H), a pair of long and relatively slender, curved ventral lobes, divergent medially, convergent and tapering apically with some minute superficial spines (Fig. 6 I���J). Segment X large and broad in dorsal view, ratio of length to width near middle about 1.3:1 (Fig. 6D); in lateral view, with broad and blunt apical lobes, weakly projecting ventrad (Fig. 6E). Female unknown. Distribution Sierra Leone. Remark The paratype specimen from HNHM was misidentified and erroneously reported under C. jocosa by Melichar (1912)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Malenovsk��, Igor & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2017, Revision of the Afrotropical planthopper genus Centromeriana Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera, Dictyopharidae), pp. 1-21 in European Journal of Taxonomy 278 on pages 11-13, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.278, http://zenodo.org/record/3824601, {"references":["Gerstaecker C. E. A. 1895. Ueber einige bemerkenswerthe Fulgorinen der Greifswalder zoologischen Sammlung. Mittheilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen 27: 1 - 50.","Melichar L. 1912. Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der Koniglich- Kaiserlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 7 (1): 1 - 221."]}

Centromeriana jocosa (Gerstaecker, 1895) Figs 1A, C, 2C, 3A, 4 A���I, 5A���G Dictyophara jocosa Gerstaecker, 1895: 13. Centromeriana jocosa ��� Melichar 1912: 45 (redescription, key, records from Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea). ��� Schmidt 1915: 349 (record from the Democratic Republic of Congo). ��� Metcalf 1946: 40 (catalogue). ��� Fennah 1958a: 56 (record from the Democratic Republic of Congo). ��� Lallemand 1958: 225 (record from Guinea). Type material examined Lectotype (here designated) CAMEROON: ♂, ��� jocosa Gerst. *, Centromeria, Victoria. Buchh. [handwritten dark blue label pinned in the collection next to the specimen]; Zool. Mus. Greifswald, II 27382; Victoria (Camerun), Buchholz leg. (labelled by I. Malenovsk��, 2016) [newly added white printed label pinned to the specimen]; LECTOTYPUS ♂, Dictyophara jocosa Gerstaecker, 1895, desig. Z.S. Song, I. Malenovsk�� & A.P. Liang, 2016 [newly added red label pinned to the specimen]��� (ZIMG; dry-mounted: pinned through mesonotum, left foreleg and apical half of left forewing missing). Other material examined CAMEROON: 1 ♀, ���Kamerun, Conradt; Centromeriana jocosa Gerst. [Melichar���s handwriting], det. Melichar.��� (MMBC); 1 ♀, ���N. Kamerun, Joh. Albrechtsh��he, 14.VII���17.VIII.[18]96, L. Conradt; 14/7��� 17/8.[18]96; jocosa [Melichar���s handwriting], det. Melichar.��� (MMBC); 1 ♀, ���N. Kamerun, Johann Albrechtsh��he, L. Conradt; 21/10.[18]95; Centromeriana jocosa Gerst. [Melichar���s handwriting]��� (MFNB); 2 ♂♂, ���N. Kamerun, Joh. Albrechtsh��he, I.[18]96, L. Conradt��� (MFNB); 1 ♂, ���Kamerun, L. Conradt��� (MFNB). EQUATORIAL GUINEA: 1 ♂, ���Fernando P��o [= Bioko island], Isab. [= Santa Isabel = the city of Malabo]; Centromeriana jocosa Ger. [Melichar���s handwriting], det. Melichar��� (MMBC); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, ���Span. Guinea, Nkolentangan [near Al��n in mainland Equatorial Guinea], 7.XI���8.V [1907���1909], G. Tessmann; Centromeriana jocosa Gers. [Synave���s handwriting], H. Synave det., 1969��� (MFNB). GABON: 1 ♀ ���NHRS-GULI 000009123; Gabun.; Staudgr. [= O. Staudinger]��� (NHRS). Redescription LENGTH. Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): ♂ 14.1���16.9 mm, ♀ 16.5���17.7 mm; head length (including two portions: the former is from apex of cephalic process to constricted and curved part, and the latter is from curved part to base of eyes): ♂ (0.8���1.0)+(1.0���1.2) mm, ♀ (0.8���1.1)+(1.1���1.2) mm; head width (including eyes): ♂ 1.4���1.6 mm, ♀ 1.6���1.7 mm; forewing length: ♂ 11.7���12.6 mm, ♀ 12.3���13.0 mm. COLORATION. General color (Figs 1A, C, 2C) brownish ochraceous marked with pale green and purplish-red on head and thorax, and dark brown and black on abdomen in dorsal view. Head pale green or yellow, head apex (cephalic process) purplish-red to dark brown, frons between intermediate carinae including median carina purplish-red. Clypeus dark purplish red to dark brown. Pronotum and mesonotum greenish or yellowish ochraceous, median carina along with posterior margin, areas behind eyes including lateral carinae and apical margins of paranotal lobes on pronotum, and three broad stripes on mesonotum medially and laterally all purplish-red. Tegulae purplish red. Forewing and hindwing membrane hyaline, except an unsharply delimited brownish macula at apex of forewings; venation brown, stigmal area brown. Thorax greenish or yellowish ochraceous ventrolaterally with an orange or purplish red band adjacent to base of hind coxae. Legs yellowish green, basal sections of femora, apices of fore and middle tibiae and lateral and apical spines all fuscous, apices of all femora dark brown to black. Abdomen dorsally dark brown and black with a paler brownish midline and a longitudinal row of large round yellowish ochraceous spots on each side or abdomen dorsally more or less uniformly yellowish ochraceous and dark brown to black only laterally; ventrally mostly blackish brown, posterior margins of sternites yellowish ochraceous; male and female terminalia dark brown, segment X dorsally yellowish ochraceous. MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer in lateral view (Fig. 4E) large and broad, dorso-posterior margin obtusely angular; in ventral view (Fig. 4F) much longer than in dorsal view (Fig. 4D) with ratio of ventral to dorsal length about 4.0:1. Gonostyles (Fig. 4 E���F) symmetrical, sicle-shaped, relatively narrow basally, slightly expanding towards apex, broadest subapically, apex straight; dorsal claw-like process large, elongate, and acute apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 4 G���I) with endosomal processes (Fig. 4 G���H) elongate, membranous and acute apically, extended posteriad and strongly curved dorso-anteriad, apex with some minute spines; phallobase sclerotized and pigmented at base, membranous and inflated apically, with one pair of short and thumb-like dorsolateral lobes directed laterad, their apex bearing minute spines (Fig. 4G), and one pair of robust, elongate, thumb-like (apically broad) ventral lobes, confluent, curved and directed dorso-posteriad, base with some minute spines (Fig. 4I). Segment X, in lateral view, with apical lobes hook-shaped: narrow, sharp and strongly projecting ventrad (Fig. 4E); in dorsal view, relatively narrow and elongate, ratio of length to width near middle about 2.2:1 (Fig. 4D). FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 5 A���G) as in generic description. Distribution Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon; also reported Democratic Republic of the Congo (Schmidt 1915; Fennah 1958a) and Guinea (Lallemand 1958) but these require verification. The record from Sierra Leone (Melichar 1912) is here referred to as C. lindbergae sp. nov. Remarks Gerstaecker (1895) described C. jocosa based on material from ���Victoria��� (= Limbe, 4��01���N, 9��13���E), Cameroon but did not provide any further details on the type series; he particularly did not state the number and sex of the specimens he used for the description nor did he designate a holotype. In the Gerstaecker collection in ZIMG, there is a single male of C. jocosa. It fully conforms the original description including the associated locality data. Following the Recommendation 73F and Article 74 of ICZN (1999), we designate this specimen as the lectotype to stabilize the nomenclature in the genus., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Malenovsk��, Igor & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2017, Revision of the Afrotropical planthopper genus Centromeriana Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera, Dictyopharidae), pp. 1-21 in European Journal of Taxonomy 278 on pages 7-11, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.278, http://zenodo.org/record/3824601, {"references":["Gerstaecker C. E. A. 1895. Ueber einige bemerkenswerthe Fulgorinen der Greifswalder zoologischen Sammlung. Mittheilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen 27: 1 - 50.","Melichar L. 1912. Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der Koniglich- Kaiserlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 7 (1): 1 - 221.","Schmidt E. 1915. Die Dictyopharinen des Stettiner Museums (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 76: 345 - 358.","Metcalf Z. P. 1946. General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasci. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 40.3.544","Fennah R. G. 1958 a. Fulgoroidea from the Belgian Congo (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Annales du Musee du Congo belge (Sciences zoologique), Ser. 8 59 (1957): 1 - 206.","Lallemand V. 1958. Homopteres. La Reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba, IV. Memoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire 53: 219 - 228.","ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature c / o the Natural History Museum, London. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50608"]}

Genus Centromeriana Melichar, 1912 Figs 1���8 Centromeriana Melichar, 1912: 45. Centromeriana ��� Schmidt 1915: 349 (in list of material). ��� Metcalf 1946: 39 (in catalogue). ��� Fennah 1958a: 52 (in key). Type species Dictyophara jocosa Gerstaecker, 1895 (original designation). Emended diagnosis The genus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: cephalic process moderately long and slender, conical and strongly curved upward; vertex with lateral carinae abruptly constricted and strongly upturned in front of eyes, then gradually convergent anteriad and acuminate at apex; frons with median carina robust and strongly convex, intermediate carinae distinctly expanded outward in apical third, their apical portion being distinctly visible in posterodorsal view; genae with a longitudinal carina above eyes; pronotum with median carina sharp and high, intermediate carinae absent; forewings with sparse transverse veins, stigmal area small and quadrangular, with two or three cells; legs elongate and slender, fore femur not flattened and dilated, without spine; hind tibia with eight apical teeth; apical spines of tarsomeres with long setae; female abdominal sternite VII with a pair of large horn-shaped spines strongly produced ventrad near anterior margin and a pair of blunt triangular lobes on posterior margin; gonocoxae VIII with a pair of small triangular sclerotized plates on posterolateral margin of endogonocoxal lobes. Redescription HEAD (Figs 4 A���C, 6A���C, 7A���C, 8A���C). Produced into a moderately long and slender cephalic process. Cephalic process (Figs 4B, 6B, 7B, 8B) conical, strongly curved upward, and gradually narrowed toward apex. Vertex (Figs 4A, 6A, 7A, 8A) broadest at base, basal width narrower than transverse diameter of eyes, posterior plane elevated above pronotum; lateral carinae strongly ridged, foliaceous, and sub-parallel in basal third, abruptly constricted and strongly upturned in front of eyes, then gradually convergent anteriad, and acuminate at apex; posterior margin of vertex ridged and angularly concave at about 90���100��; median carina distinct on a bulge between eyes. Frons (Figs 4C, 6C, 7C, 8C) with lateral carinae ridged, nearly parallel, slightly expanded outward below antennae; intermediate carinae slightly converging posteriorly and nearly approaching to frontoclypeal suture, but only sharp and distinct in apical third where they are distinctly expanded outward in ventral view and curved anterodorsad in lateral view, so their apical portion is distinctly visible in posterodorsal view; median carina robust and strongly convex in lateral view. Postclypeus and anteclypeus (Figs 4C, 6C, 7C, 8C) convex medially, with distinct median carina. Rostrum very long, surpassing middle of hind femora; basal segment distinctly longer than distal one. Genae (Figs 4B, 6B, 7B, 8B) with a longitudinal carina above eyes, appearing as bifurcated from lateral carinae of vertex in dorsal view (Figs 4A, 6A, 7A, 8A). Compound eyes (Figs 4 A���C, 6A���C, 7A���C, 8A���C) large and globose. Ocelli (Figs 4B, 6B, 7B, 8B) relatively large, reddish. Antenna (Figs 4B, 6B, 7B, 8B) with very small scape; pedicel large and subglobose, with more than 50 distinct sensory plaque organs distributed over entire surface; flagellum long, setuliform. THOARAX. Pronotum (Figs 4A, 6A, 7A, 8A) distinctly shorter than mesonotum medially, narrow anteriorly, broad posteriorly; anterior margin pointed medially, forming a sharp angle, lateral marginal areas straight and sloping with two long longitudinal carinae on each side between eyes and tegulae, lower lateral carinae expanded and visible in dorsal view; posterior margin angularly concave at about 100���110��; median carina sharp and high, with a lateral pit on each side, intermediate carinae absent. Mesonotum (Figs 4A, 6A, 7A, 8A) tricarinate, lateral carinae incurved anteriorly toward median carina. Forewings (Fig. 3 A���D) hyaline, much longer than abdomen, with ratio of length to width about 3:1; veins with short setae on ventral side; venation with sparse transverse veins; MP bifurcating MP 1+2 and MP 3+4 near middle and beyond CuA; number of apical cells between R and CuA equal to 14; stigmal area small and quadrangular, with two or three cells. Legs elongate and slender, fore and middle femora distinctly elongate, fore femur not flattened and dilated, without spine near apex; hind tibia with 5���7 lateral spines and eight apical teeth; hind tarsomeres I and II each with 7���8 apical spines; apical spines of tarsomeres with long setae instead of platellae. ABDOMEN. With pregenital segments elongate and broad, without distinct median and intermediate carinae dorsally. Female abdominal sternite VII with a pair of large horn-shaped spines directed ventrad near anterior margin and a pair of blunt triangular lobes on posterior margin (Fig. 5A). MALE GENITALIA. Pygofer (Figs 4 D���F, 6D���F, 8D���F) in lateral view distinctly wider ventrally than dorsally, dorsal margin slightly excavated to accommodate segment X, dorsoposterior margins angular. Gonostyles (Figs 4E, 6G, 8G) symmetrical, base narrow, expanded toward apex, broadest subapically; dorsal margin with a claw-like, sclerotised process at apex directed dorsad, outer dorsal edge with a hook-like sclerotised process near middle directed ventrad. Aedeagus (Figs 4 G���I, 6H���J, 8H���J) with one pair of long endosomal processes extended from phallotheca or lacking such processes; phallobase sclerotised basally and membranous and inflated apically, with paired lobes covered with numerous minute superficial spines (Figs 4 G���I, 6H���J) or without spines (Fig. 8 H���J). Segment X (Figs 4D, 6D, 8D) large, in dorsal view with apex deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style elongate and large. FEMALE GENITALIA (Fig. 5 A���G). Gonocoxae VIII (Fig. 5E) with two membranous and flattened endogonocoxal processes (Gxp) on endogonocoxal lobe: Gxp1 large and elongate, with a long sclerotized plate in it; Gxp2 smaller and shorter. A pair of small triangular sclerotized plates on posterolateral margin of endogonocoxal lobes (Fig. 5A). Gonapophyses VIII (Fig. 5E) with anterior connective lamina large and sclerotized, with seven teeth of varying sizes and shapes. Gonapophyses IX (Fig. 5F) with posterior connective lamina triangular, symmetrical, fused with the intergonocoxal plate at base; intergonocoxal plate extended cephalad into genital cavity, forming wall of gonospiculum. Gonoplacs (Fig. 5G) with two lobes homologous; lateral lobe large and moderately sclerotized, with long setae at apex; the posterior lobe membranous, containing long sclerotized plate. Segment X (Fig. 5D) large and broad in dorsal view, apex deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style large and elongate. Female ectodermal genital ducts ditrysian. Bursa copulatrix (Fig. 5B) superficially membranous, regularly gridded, without sclerotized ornamentations. A pair of large digitiform glands (Fig. 5B) branched at anterior extremity of the anterior vagina on each side of the spermatheca. Spermatheca (Fig. 5B) divided clearly into five parts: orificium receptaculi, ductus receptaculi, diverticulum ductus, pars intermedialis, and glandula apicalis. Diversity and distribution Centromeriana is comprised of four species being endemic to the Congolian region of the western tropical Africa as defined by Linder et al. (2012) and closely matching to the Guineo-Congolian region of White (1979, 1983) including the ��� Dahomey gap���. Ecology and economic importance Unknown. Heinrichs & Barrion (2004) listed Centromeriana sp. among insects occurring on rice in Gambia. However, based on morphological characters they specify in their identification key (p. 155) and a schematical drawing of the head and thorax (fig. 355: 157), this is a misidentification; the record probably refers to some other dictyopharid genus. Oke et al. (2015) reported adult Centromeriana spp. as minor pests of leaves of Amaranthus spp. in Nigeria but the identification is uncertain. Key to species of Centromeriana 1. Forewing membrane with a fuscous macula apically (Fig. 3 A���B).................................................. 2 ��� Forewing membrane with apex clear (Fig. 3 C���D)........................................................................... 3 2. Phallobase with ventral lobes robust and thumb-like, broad apically, confluent medially (Fig. 4 H���I). Male segment X, in dorsal view, narrow, ratio of length to width near middle about 2.2:1 (Fig. 4D); in lateral view, with narrow and sharp, hook-like apical lobes, strongly projecting ventrad (Fig. 4E)............................................................................................... C. jocosa (Gerstaecker, 1895) ��� Phallobase with ventral lobes more slender, convergent and tapering apically, but divergent medially (Fig. 6I, J). Male segment X, in dorsal view, broad, ratio of length to width near middle about 1.3:1 (Fig. 6D); in lateral view, with broad and blunt apical lobes, weakly projecting ventrad (Fig. 6E)........................................................................................................... C. lindbergae sp. nov. 3. Abdomen dorsally and ventrally dark brown and black, with a longitudinal row of yellowishochraceous spots on each side (Fig. 2A). Cephalic process relatively short, curved upward and slightly backward in more than 90�� (Fig. 7B)................................................. C. rhinoceros sp. nov. ��� Abdomen dorsally and ventrally greenish-ochraceous (Fig. 2B). Cephalic process relatively long, curved upward in nearly 90�� (Fig. 8B). Male genitalia as in Fig. 8 D���J... C. simplex Melichar, 1912, Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Malenovsk��, Igor & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2017, Revision of the Afrotropical planthopper genus Centromeriana Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera, Dictyopharidae), pp. 1-21 in European Journal of Taxonomy 278 on pages 3-7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2017.278, http://zenodo.org/record/3824601, {"references":["Melichar L. 1912. Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der Koniglich- Kaiserlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien 7 (1): 1 - 221.","Schmidt E. 1915. Die Dictyopharinen des Stettiner Museums (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung 76: 345 - 358.","Metcalf Z. P. 1946. General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasci. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 40.3.544","Fennah R. G. 1958 a. Fulgoroidea from the Belgian Congo (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Annales du Musee du Congo belge (Sciences zoologique), Ser. 8 59 (1957): 1 - 206.","Gerstaecker C. E. A. 1895. Ueber einige bemerkenswerthe Fulgorinen der Greifswalder zoologischen Sammlung. Mittheilungen des Naturwissenschaftlichen Vereines fur Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen 27: 1 - 50.","Linder H. P., de Klerk H. M., Born J., Burgess N. D., Fjeldsa J. & Rahbek C. 2012. The partitioning of Africa: statistically defined biogeographical regions in sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of Biogeography 39: 1189 - 1205. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2699.2012.02728. x","White F. 1979. The Guineo-Congolian Region and its relationship to other phytochoria. Bulletin du Jardin botanique national de Belgique 49: 11 - 55.","White F. 1983. The vegetation of Africa. A descriptive memoir to accompany the UNESCO / AETFAT / UNSO vegetation map of Africa. UNESCO, Paris.","Heinrichs E. A. & Barrion A. T. 2004. Rice-feeding insects and selected natural enemies in West Africa: biology, ecology, identification. International Rice Research Institute, Los Banos (Philippines) and WARDA-The Africa Rice Center, Abidjan (Cote d'Ivoire).","Oke O. A., Odiyi C. A. & Ofuya T. I. 2015. Insects associated with underutilized crop: grain, leafy and ornamental amaranth in Ibadan, Nigeria. Journal of Agriculture and Ecology Research International 2 (2): 145 - 155. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.9734 / JAERI / 2015 / 14227"]}

Fernandea latifemorata sp. nov. (Figs 1 C, 2B, 5) Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished from F. conradti by the broader fore femora and the aedeagus with shorter and smaller dorsolateral lobes of the phallobase. Description (♂ only). Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): 7.1 mm; head length (from apex to base of eyes): 0.9 mm; head width (including eyes): 1.3 mm; vertex width: 0.4 mm; forewing length: 5.5 mm. Coloration largely identical to F. conradti, but pronotum and mesonotum much paler, less reddish ochraceous, with a pair of longitudinal dark brown streaks along median carina, respectively (Fig. 1 C, 5A). Male terminalia with pygofer narrow and elongate, ventrally slightly wider than dorsally (about 1.5:1); posterior margin distinctly convex subapically in lateral view (Fig. 5 E). Aedeagus (Fig. 5 H���I) large and robust, with a pair of long endosomal processes curved in middle and directed dorsad, apex acute and pigmented; phallobase with membranous and inflated lobes: one pair of dorsolateral lobes short and broad, directed posteriad, apex without spines; the other pair of ventral lobes tapering and directed posteriad, apex with numerous small and short spines. Segment X large and relatively elongate in dorsal view (Fig. 5 D), ratio of length to width near middle about 1.7:1. Material examined. Holotype: ��, [EQUATORIAL GUINEA]: Span. Guinea, Nkolentangan, 7.XI���8.V, G. Te��mann (MFNB). Etymology. The specific epithet is an adjective derived from the Latin words latus (= wide, broad) and femur (= thigh). The new species is named for its greatly flattened, dilated, and foliaceous fore femora. Distribution. Equatorial Guinea. Remarks. The holotype was evidently collected during the expedition by German ethnologist, explorer and collector G��nter Tessmann (1884���1969) to the Fang people which took place in 1907���1909. According to Tessmann (1913), the base camp of Nkolentangan was located near ���Al��n���, lying probably inside or close to what is today the Monte Al��n National Park in mainland Equatorial Guinea (central coordinates 1��31���48���N, 10��6���36���E), an area covered with primary rainforest over an altitudinal range of 300���1250 m., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Malenovsk��, Igor & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2016, Revision of the Afrotropical genus Fernandea Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), with description of a new species from Equatorial Guinea, pp. 106-116 in Zootaxa 4139 (1) on page 113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/263889, {"references":["Tessmann, G. (1913) Die Pangwe; volkerkundliche Monographie eines westafrikanischen Negerstammes; Ergebnisse der Lubecker Pangwe-expedition 1907 - 1909 und fruherer Forschungen 1904 - 1907. Erster Band. Ernst Wasmuth A. - G., Berlin, 354 pp."]}

Fernandea conradti Melichar, 1912 (Figs 1 A, B, 2A, C, 3, 4) Fernandea conradti Melichar, 1912: 53, Pl. 2, Figs 18, 19; Schmidt 1915: 349; Metcalf 1946: 48; Fennah 1958: 55; Lallemand 1958: 224. Redescription. Body length (from apex of head to tip of forewings): ♂ 7.5 mm, ♀ 7.7���7.9 mm; head length (from apex to base of eyes): ♂ 0.9 mm, ♀ 0.9���1.0 mm; head width (including eyes): ♂ 1.3 mm, ♀ 1.3���1.4 mm; vertex width: ♂ 0.4 mm, ♀ 0.4 mm; forewing length: ♂ 5.6 mm, ♀ 6.0��� 6.4 mm. General color brownish ochraceous marked with pale green, reddish ochraceous, and black in dorsal habitus. Head pale green to brownish ochraceous, a pair of small spots on vertex between eyes, vertex midline, head apex, preocular field and a small spot between antenna and eye all blackish brown. Frons with lateral and median carinae pale green, broad area between carinae reddish ochraceous. Clypeus dark brown, narrow transverse fascia at base greenish yellow. Pronotum redish ochraceous, median and intermediate carinae, lateral marginal areas, and paranotal lobes widely yellowish green, areas behind eyes narrowly and lateral margins of paranotal lobes more widely blackish brown. Mesonotum redish ochraceous, broad median and lateral carinae, and lateral marginal areas yellowish green, a pair of small spots near lateral marginal areas blackish brown. Forewings with membrane coriaceous but translucent, mostly brown, a small oval patch subapically and a small streak at costal margin medially hyaline, venation pale green; hind wings hyaline, venation dull ochraceous. Thorax beneath fuscous. Legs pale to dark brown; fore femora fuscous, apex and a pair of triangular spots on lateral margins in distal third bright white to pale green, subapical depression on the inner ventral surface and corresponding bulge on dorsal surface blackish brown; hind tibiae yellowish green, with base and apex including lateral and apical spines fuscous. Abdomen dorsally testaceous mixed with fuscous, a broad central stripe and a lateral stripe on each side dark brown; ventrally piceous, with numerous yellowish spots around sensory pits. Male terminalia with pygofer narrow and elongate, slightly wider ventrally than dorsally (about 1.5:1); posterior margin distinctly convex subapically in lateral view (Fig. 3 E). Aedeagus (Fig. 3 G���I) large and robust, with a pair of long endosomal processes curved in middle and directed dorsad, apex acute and pigmented; phallobase sclerotized and pigmented at base and laterally, the remainder membranous, with large and inflated lobes: one pair of dorsolateral lobes cylindrical, incurved dorsad, apex with numerous small and short spines; the other pair of ventral lobes tapering and directed dorsad. Segment X large and broad in dorsal view (Fig. 3 D), ratio of length to width near middle about 1.3:1. Female terminalia (Fig. 4 A���F) as in generic description. Type material examined. Lectotype ♀, here designated, [EQUATORIAL GUINEA]: Fernando Po [= Bioko], Sa. Isabel [= Malabo] V.; F conradti [Melichar���s handwriting], det. Melichar.; Typus [dark red label]; Fernandea ♀ conradti sp. n., L. Melichar, 1912, Syntypus, P. Lauterer det. 1991 [Lauterer���s handwriting]; Syn- typus [bright red label]; Collectio Dr. L. Melichar, Moravsk�� museum Brno; Invent. č. 4944/Ent., Mor. muzeum, Brno; Lectotype ♀, Fernandea conradti Melichar, 1912, desig. Z.S. Song, I. Malenovsk�� & A.P. Liang, 2015 [newly added yellow label] (MMBC). Paralectotype, here designated, [EQUATORIAL GUINEA]: 1♀, Fernando Po [Bioko], Conradt; Fernandea conradti M. [Melichar���s handwriting]; type [red label]; Paralectotype ♀, Fernandea conradti Melichar, 1912, desig. Z.S. Song, I. Malenovsk�� & A.P. Liang, 2015 [newly added yellow label] (MZPW). Other material examined. [CAMEROON]: 1♂, Kamerun, Conradt; Coll. Kraatz; Transcriptio, Fernandea �� conradti Melichar, L. Melichar det. 1912 [Lauterer���s handwriting]; Collectio Dr. L. Melichar, Moravsk�� museum Brno; Nen�� členem typo- v�� s��rie [= the specimen is not part of the type series; Lauterer���s handwriting], P. Lauterer 1991 (MMBC); 1♀, Kamerun, Conradt; Typus [dark red label]; F. conradti [Melichar���s handwriting] det. Melichar.; Transcriptio Fernandea ♀ conradti Melichar, L. Melichar det. 1912 [Lauterer���s handwriting]; Collectio Dr. L. Melichar, Moravsk�� museum Brno; Nen�� členem typov�� s��rie [= the specimen is not part of the type series; Lauterer���s handwriting], P. Lauterer 1991 (MMBC); 1♀, Kamerun, Jaun de-Stat., 800 m, Zenker (MFNB); 1♀, Kamerun, Victoria, Preuss (MFNB). [TOGO]: 1♀, Togo, Bismarckburg, L. Conradt (MFNB); 1♀, Togo, Misahdhe, 1894, E. Baumann; Fernandea conradti Melichar, H. Synave det. [Synave���s handwriting] (MFNB). Distribution. Material has been revised from Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea and Togo. The species was also recorded for the Democratic Republic of the Congo (Fennah 1958) and Guinea (Lallemand 1958). Remarks. In the original description, Melichar (1912) mentions two specimens from Fernando Po (= Bioko island), collected by H. Conradt and deposited in his personal collection as the type series. We found one female specimen with the corresponding label data in Melichar���s personal collection in MMBC and the other one female in MZPW which agrees with the note published by Schmidt (1915). According to Article 74 of ICZN (1999) we designate the specimen from MMBC as a lectotype for F. conradti to stabilize the nomenclature in the genus. Two additional specimens (one male and one female) collected by Conradt in Cameroon and deposited in Melichar personal collection in MMBC obviously belong to F. conradti; both bear Melichar original identification labels though they were not mentioned in his monograph and are not part of the type series (cf. Melichar 1912). We have described and illustrated the male terminalia based on the male specimen from Cameroon., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Malenovsk��, Igor & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2016, Revision of the Afrotropical genus Fernandea Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), with description of a new species from Equatorial Guinea, pp. 106-116 in Zootaxa 4139 (1) on pages 110-113, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/263889, {"references":["Melichar, L. (1912) Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 7 (1), 1 - 221.","Schmidt, E. (1915) Die Dictyopharinen des Stettiner Museums (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 76, 345 - 358.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasci. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, USA, 246 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 40.3.544","Fennah, R. G. (1958) Fulgoroidea from the Belgian Congo (Hemiptera: Homoptera). Annales du Musee du Congo Belge (Sciences Zoologique), Ser. 8, 59 (1957), 1 - 206.","Lallemand, V. (1958) Homopteres. La Reserve naturelle integrale du Mont Nimba, IV. Memoires de l'Institut fondamental d'Afrique noire, 53, 219 - 228.","ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature) (1999) International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Fourth Edition. The International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature c / o the Natural History Museum, London, 271 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 50608"]}

Genus Fernandea Melichar, 1912 Fernandea Melichar, 1912: 53; Schmidt 1915: 349; Metcalf 1946: 48. Type species. Fernandea conradti Melichar, 1912; by original designation. Diagnosis. Fernandea can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: body ovoid, dorsally convex; head without distinct cephalic process; vertex narrow, with basal width much narrower than transverse diameter of eyes, lateral carinae strongly ridged and foliaceous, and median carina absent; frons with intermediate carinae gradually divergent ventrad and approaching beneath middle of eyes; frontoclypeal suture nearly straight; mesonotum with carinae very weak, lateral carinae nearly straight and abruptly incurved apically; forewings short, only slightly extending beyond abdomen apex, convex, coriaceous but translucent, veins with short setae, venation strongly reticulate with dense dendroid secondary veinlets among longitudinal veins on the whole surface, pterostigmal area absent; hindwings with anal area reduced, without secondary fold; legs elongate; fore coxae and femora greatly flattened, dilated, and foliaceous laterally, hind tibiae with seven apical spines; gonostyles with upper process dorsoventrally compressed; and male and female segment X with apical dorsal margin deeply excavated, so anal style not reaching beyond apical ventral margin of segment X. Description. Body ovoid, dorsally convex (Fig. 1). Head short, not produced in a distinct cephalic process. Vertex (Figs 3 A, 5A) with basal width much narrower than transverse diameter of eyes; lateral carinae strongly ridged, foliaceous, and parallel between eyes, jointed with lateral carinae of frons in perfect arc in profile (Figs 3 B, 5B); anterior margin angularly convex but more or less grooved centrally, just beyond anterior margin of eyes (Figs 3 A, 5A); posterior margin ridged and broadly concave; disc of vertex swollen at half length, medially furrowed, and median carina absent. Frons (Figs 3 C, 5C) slightly inflated and bulbous at apex, distinctly beyond apex of vertex; frons narrowest at apex, broadest at frontoclypeal suture; intermediate carinae not sharp, gradually divergent ventrad and approaching beneath middle of eyes; median carina distinctly ridged and complete. Frontoclypeal suture nearly straight. Postclypeus and anteclypeus convex medially, with distinct median carina. Rostrum long, extending nearly to middle of hind femora. Eyes very large and semiglobose, postocular swelling developed transversely. Antennae with scape very small; pedicel large and subglobose, with more than 50 distinct sensory plaque organs distributed over entire surface; flagellum long, setuliform. Pronotum (Figs 3 A, 5A) relatively large and broad, anterior central margin angularly convex, lateral marginal areas straight and sloping with two longitudinal carinae on each side between eyes and tegulae, lower lateral carinae convex and visible in dorsal view (Figs 3 A, 5A); posterior margin nearly straight; disc flat, median carina weakly ridged, with a lateral pit on each side. Mesonotum (Figs 3 A, 5A) broad, short and flat, carinae very weak, lateral carinae nearly straight and abruptly incurved apically. Forewings (Fig. 2 C) ���brachypterous��� in size, which corresponds to ���koeliopterous��� by Metcalf (1950) or ���submacropterous��� by Emeljanov (e.g. 2011). They are relatively short, slightly extending beyond abdomen apex, convex, coriaceous but translucent; veins with short setae. Venation patters variable in left/right wing; ScP+R, MP, and CuA bifurcated near basal 1/3, and branching successively accessory veins for several times; MP distinctly bifurcated posterior to CuA; venation strongly reticulate, dense dendroid secondary veinlets among longitudinal veins on the whole wings, including clavus; number of apical cells between R and CuA more than 25; pterostigmal area absent. Hindwings (Fig. 2 C) well-developed, but anal area reduced, without secondary fold; venation pattern also variable in left/right wing; numerous veinlets among longitudinal veins. Legs elongate; fore coxae (Fig. 5 C) short, lateral carina strongly flattened and foliaceous; fore femora (Fig. 2 A, B) elongate, greatly flattened, dilated, and foliaceous laterally, subapical part with a large depression on the inner side ventrally, bulging dorsally; middle femora elongate, slightly flattened and dilated; hind tibiae with 5���6 lateral spines and seven apical spines; hind tarsomeres I with ten and tarsomeres II with eight apical spines, respectively; apical spines of tarsomeres with long setae instead of platellae. Abdomen with pregenital segments short and broad, without distinct median and intermediate carinae dorsally. Tergites III���VI with a large depression near lateral margin on each side. Sternites III���VI tuberculate (trace of sensory pits), with 6���10 tubercles on each side. Male terminalia. Pygofer with dorsal margin slightly excavated to accommodate segment X, dorso-lateral margins angularly produced posteriorly in dorsal view (Figs 3 D, 5D). Gonostyles (Figs 3 E, 5E) symmetrical, expanding towards apex, broadest apically, apex straight; upper process acute apically in profile (Figs 3 E, 5E), but actually compressed dorsoventrally in caudal view (Fig. 5 G). Aedeagus (Figs 3 G���I, 5H���J) with a pair of endosomal processes: membranous, distinctly inflated, apically acute, and directed dorsally (Figs 3 H, 5H); phallobase sclerotized and pigmented at base and laterally, with paired membranous and inflated lobes. Segment X (Figs 3 D, 5D) large and oval in dorsal view, apical dorsal margin deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style large and elongate, but not extending beyond the apical ventral margin of segment X. Female terminalia (Fig. 4 A, B). Gonocoxae VIII with two membranous and flattened endogonocoxal processes (Gxp) on endogonocoxal lobe: Gxp1 large and elongate, with a long sclerotized plate in it; Gxp2 smaller and shorter. Gonapophyses VIII (first valvulae) with anterior connective lamina large and sclerotized, with seven teeth of varying sizes and shapes in lateral view (Fig. 4 C). Gonapophyses IX (second valvulae) with posterior connective lamina triangular, symmetrical in ventral view (Fig. 4 D), fused with the intergonocoxal plate (iGxp) at base; iGxp extended cephalad into genital cavity, forming wall of gonospiculum. Gonoplacs (third valvulae) with two lobes homologous; lateral lobe large and moderately sclerotized, with long setae at apex; the posterior lobe membranous, containing long sclerotized plate (Fig. 4 E). Segment X large and broad in dorsal view (Fig. 4 F), apical dorsal margin deeply excavated to accommodate anal style; anal style large and elongate, but not extending beyond the apical ventral margin of segment X. Female ectodermal genital ducts ditrysian: oviporus opening exteriorly from posterior vagina and surrounded by gonapophyses VIII and IX, and copulaporus opening anterior to gonapophyses VIII between abdominal sternites VII and VIII. Bursa copulatrix (Fig. 4 A) superficially membranous, regularly gridded, without sclerotized ornamentations. A pair of large digitiform glands (Fig. 4 A) branched at anterior extremity of the anterior vagina on each side of the spermatheca. Spermatheca (Fig. 4 A) divided clearly into five parts: orificium receptaculi, ductus receptaculi, diverticulum ductus, pars intermedialis, and glandula apicalis. Diversity and distribution. Fernandea comprises two species which are endemic to the Guineo-Congolian region of western Africa. Remarks. Fernandea is similar to Macronaso Synave, 1960, but can be distinguished from the latter by the head without distinct cephalic process, and the fore coxae and femora greatly flattened, dilated, and foliaceous laterally. Fernandea and Macronaso are unique among African Orthopagini in sharing the following characters: body habitus ovoid, dorsally convex, forewings relatively short, only slightly extending beyond abdomen apex, convex and coriaceous, with dense dendroid secondary veins among longitudinal veins on the whole surface; hindwings with anal area reduced, without secondary fold. As modifications of the forewing size and venation are frequent among planthoppers and convergences have been documented in many unrelated groups (Gnezdilov 2013; Bourgoin et al. 2015), the taxonomic status and a possible sister-group relationship of the two genera needs to be further confirmed by a phylogenetic analysis for the World Orthopagini., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Malenovsk��, Igor & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2016, Revision of the Afrotropical genus Fernandea Melichar, 1912 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), with description of a new species from Equatorial Guinea, pp. 106-116 in Zootaxa 4139 (1) on pages 107-109, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4139.1.6, http://zenodo.org/record/263889, {"references":["Melichar, L. (1912) Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 7 (1), 1 - 221.","Schmidt, E. (1915) Die Dictyopharinen des Stettiner Museums (Hemiptera-Homoptera). Stettiner Entomologische Zeitung, 76, 345 - 358.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasci. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, USA, 246 pp. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 40.3.544","Metcalf, Z. P. (1950) Phylogeny of the Homoptera Auchenorhyncha. In: 8 th international congress of entomology. 8 - 15 August 1948, Stockholm, Sweden, pp. 561 - 565.","Emeljanov, A. F. (2011) Improved tribal delimitation of the subfamily Dictyopharinae and description of new genera and new species (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea, Dictyopharidae). Entomological Review, 91 (9), 1122 - 1145. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 0013873811090053","Synave, H. (1960) LVI. Homoptera. Mission zoologique de l'I. R. S. A. C. en Afrique orientale (P. Basilewsky et N. Leleup, 1957). Annales Du Musee Royal du Congo Belge Tervuren. Sciences Zoologiques, 88, 377 - 394.","Gnezdilov, V. M. (2013) \" Issidisation \" of fulgoroid planthoppers (Homoptera, Fulgoroidea) as a case of parallel adaptive radiation. Entomological Review, 93, 825 - 830. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1134 / s 001387381307004 x","Bourgoin, T., Wang, R. R., Asche, M., Hoch, H., Soulier-Perkins, A., Stroinski, A., Yap, S. & Szwedo, J. (2015) From micropterism to hyperpterism: recognition strategy and standardized homology-driven terminology of the forewing venation patterns in planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Zoomorphology, 134, 63 - 77. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1007 / s 00435 - 014 - 0243 - 6"]}

DICTYOMERIA GEN.NOV Type species. Centromeira simulata Distant, 1906, by present designation and monotypy. Etymology. The new generic name is a combination of ‘ Dictyo - plus the suffix ‘ meria ’. The gender is feminine. Diagnosis. This new genus can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: cephalic process in front of eyes strongly upturned, gradually convergent anteriorly, more or less truncate apically; vertex with median carina distinct at base, absent in middle, and high and sharp from anterior margin of eyes to apex, lateral carinae in front of eyes more or less parallel anteriorly, truncate apically; frons with median carina robust and strongly convex, intermediate carinae extending anterior margin of eyes; pronotum with median carina sharp and complete, intermediate carinae absent; tegmina with a large sublunate streak on apical region; legs moderately elongate, fore femora not flattened and dilated, with a small spine near apex; hind tibiae with seven apical teeth. Description. Head (Fig. 27A – C) produced in a moderate and slightly slender cephalic process. Cephalic process (Fig. 27A – C) in front of eyes strongly upturned, gradually convergent anteriorly, more or less truncate apically. Vertex (Fig. 27A) broadest at base, posterior plane elevated above pronotum; lateral carinae high and sharp, slightly convergent at base, abruptly constricted in front of eyes, strongly upturned and nearly parallel anteriorly; anterior margin broadly and angulately convex; posterior margin ridged and angularly concave at about 90°; median carina distinct at base, absent in middle, high and sharp towards apex. Frons (Fig. 27C) with lateral carinae ridged, gradually diverging posteriorly and slightly expanded outwards below antennae; posterior margin concave; median carina robust and strongly convex, intermediate carinae extending to anterior margin of eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture. Postclypeus and anteclypeus (Fig. 27C) strongly convex at middle, with distinct median carina. Rostrum short, extending base of hind femora; basal segment distinctly longer than distal segment. Compound eyes oval and large. Ocelli relatively large, reddish. Antennae with very small scape; pedicel large and subglobose, with more than 50 distinct sensory plaque organs distributed over entire surface; flagellum long, setuliform. Pronotum (Fig. 27A) distinctly shorter than mesonotum medially, narrow anteriorly, broad posteriorly; anterior margin centrally angularly convex, lateral marginal areas straight and sloping, with two long longitudinal carinae on each side between eyes and tegulae, posterior margin angularly concave at about 110°; median carina sharp and high, with a big lateral pit on each side, intermediate carinae absent. Mesonotum (Fig. 27A) tricarinate, lateral carinae incurved anteriorly towards median carina. Tegmina (Fig. 27D) hyaline, with a large sublunate streak on apical region; slender and elongate, more or less parallel anteroposteriorly, somewhat truncate apically, with ratio of length to width about 4: 1; veins without setae; MP bifurcating MP 1+2 and MP 3+4 near middle and posterior to CuA; transverse veins scarce, with 11 or 12 apical cells between RP and CuA; stigmal area elongate, with two cells. Legs relatively short, fore and middle femora moderately elongate, hind tibiae about 1.5 times as long as hind femora; fore femora not flattened and dilated, with a minute spine near apex; hind tibiae with seven lateral spines and seven apical spines; hind tarsomeres I and II both with between 16 and 20 apical teeth. Male unknown and female genitalia identical to other Orthopagini genera. Diversity and distribution. The new genus is monotypic and only found in north-eastern India. Remarks. The new genus can be easily distinguished from Centromeria by: vertex with median carina high and sharp from anterior margin of the eyes to the apex; lateral carinae in front of eyes more or less parallel anteriorly, truncate apically; tegmina with a large sublunate streak on apical region; legs distinctly short; and hind tibiae with seven apical teeth. Dictyomeria gen. nov. is more closely related to Orthopagus in our phylogenetic analysis, but can be separated from the latter by the cephalic process in front of eyes strongly upturned and the frons with median carina robust and strongly convex. It is also externally similar to Indomiasa, but may be distinguished from the latter by the pronotum with anterolateral angles angulated, and two lateral carinae between eyes and tegulae distinct and complete, and legs relatively short and stout., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Webb, Michael D. & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2016, Phylogenetic analysis of the Oriental genera of Orthopagini Emeljanov, 1983 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae), with a systematic revision of the genus Centromeria Stål, 1870, pp. 33-87 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178 (1) on pages 74-75, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12401, http://zenodo.org/record/5366240, {"references":["Distant WL. 1906. The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma. Rhynchota Vol. III (Heteroptera-Homoptera). London: Taylor & Francis."]}

Song, Zhi-Shun, Webb, Michael D., Liang, Ai-Ping (2016): Phylogenetic analysis of the Oriental genera of Orthopagini Emeljanov, 1983 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae), with a systematic revision of the genus Centromeria Stål, 1870. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 178 (1): 33-87, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12401, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/zoj.12401

INDODICTYOPHARA LIANG & SONG, 2012 Indodictyophara Liang & Song, 2012: 418. Type species Indodictyophara lobosa Liang & Song, 2012; by original designation. Diagnosis The genus can be separated from other Aluntiini genera by the following combination of characters: cephalic process nearly 1.3 times as long as pronotum and mesonotum combined; vertex with median carina only visible basally; frons with lateral and median carinae strongly ridged and blade-like; tegmina without dendroid secondary veins; ten suboblique veins on costal cell from basal one-third to apex; and aedeagus with a pair of spinous, sclerotized, black-tipped, and not inflated endosomal processes. Diversity and distribution Indodictyophara is a monotypic genus known only from southern India.

KEY TO SPECIES OF ARJUNA MUIR, 1934 1. Apex of cephalic process black, but apical carina between anterior margins of frons and vertex pale green...................................................................................................................... Arjuna scriba Emeljanov, 2008 – Apex of cephalic process ochraceous or reddish ochraceous....................................................................... 2 2. Cephalic process relatively short, length from anterior margin of eyes to apex ∼1.5 times as long as longitudinal length of eyes................................................................................................ Arjuna dohertyi Muir, 1934 – Cephalic process distinctly long, length from anterior margin of eyes to apex more than 1.8 times as long as longitudinal length of eyes...................................................................................................................... 3 3. Aedeagus with ventrolateral lobes twisted two and a half times............... Arjuna maai Song & Wang sp. nov. – Aedeagus with ventrolateral lobes twisted twice.................................... Arjuna muiri Song & Wang sp. nov., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun, Szwedo, Jacek, Wang, Rong-Rong & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2016, Systematic revision of Aluntiini Emeljanov, 1979 (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae: Dictyopharinae): reclassification, phylogenetic analysis, and biogeography, pp. 349-398 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176 (2) on page 373, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12319, http://zenodo.org/record/5357644, {"references":["Muir F. 1934. New and little-known Fulgoroidea (Homoptera). The Annals and Magazine of Nature History 84: 582 - 586.","Emeljanov AF. 2008. New genera and species of the family Dictyopharidae (Homoptera), with notes on the systematics of the subfamily Dictyopharinae. Entomological Review 88: 296 - 328."]}

Anasta vitiensis Emeljanov et Wilson, 2009 (Figs 1 D, 3 D, 13) Anasta vitiensis Emeljanov et Wilson, 2009: 36, Figs 1���12. Material examined. FIJI: 1 ♂, Viti Levu, Tavua, 7.III. 1963, C. M. Yoshimoto (BPBM); 1 ♂, Vanua Levu, Savusavu, 0���100 m, III. 1973, N.L.H. Krauss; 1 ♂, Viti Levu, Nandi, 0���50 m, III. 1981, N.L.H. Krauss (both in AMNH). Remarks. The specimens examined in the present study are distinctly smaller (10.4���10.6 mm in males) than those described by Emeljanov & Wilson (2009). In Emeljanov & Wilson���s material, the body length of A. vitiensis is 11.5���12.4 mm in males, and 13.7���13.8 mm in females. Distribution. Fiji. Discussion The genus Anasta, as reviewed here, comprises six species which are distributed from western Timor, northern Australia, and Papua New Guinea, extending eastward to Fiji in the Australasian region (Fig. 14). This region can be regarded as the Oceanian realm which was one of newly defined zoogeographic realms (Holt et al. 2013). It was separated from the Australian realm and included New Guinea together with the Pacific Islands (Holt et al. 2013). Generally, the dictyopharid species are not supposed to possess the ability of long-distance dispersal, and they are practically absent from most of Pacific islands far away from the continent (Emeljanov & Wilson 2009). So the discovery of A. vitiensis from Fiji is quite enigmatic although the Fiji biota has been considered more typically as a mature continental ecosystem than a collection of small remote islands (Lucky & Sarnat 2010). Three hypotheses have been commonly resorted to explain the origins of Fiji���s insular terrestrial assemblage (Lucky & Sarnat 2010). However, it is still difficult to guess how Anasta species colonized from Timor and New Guinea eastward to Fiji. Unlike other insect groups (Duffels & Turner 2002, Lucky & Sarnat 2010), we have been in the dark about the dictyopharid fauna in Bismark Archipelago, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu, even New Caledonia and Loyalty Islands which are rather rich in Fulgoromorpha (Fennah 1969)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2013, Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region, pp. 551-568 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/249054

Song, Zhi-Shun, Liang, Ai-Ping (2013): Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region. Zootaxa 3741 (4): 551-568, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6

Key to the species of the genus Anasta Emeljanov 1. Forewings with M vein first bifurcated to M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 veins distinctly beyond bifurcation of CuA, nearly abreast with Sc+R (Fig. 3 B)......................................................................... A. lobosa sp. nov. - Forewings with M vein first bifurcated to M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 veins near bifurcation of CuA, distinctly ahead of Sc+R (Fig. 3 A, C, D)............................................................................................... 2 2. Cephalic process distinctly short, vertex with the ratio of length in central line to width in base (1.65���1.72): 1 (Fig. 4 A)............................................................................ A. australiaca ( Lallemand ) comb. nov. - Cephalic process long, vertex with the ratio of length in central line to width in base more than 2: 1..................... 3 3. Vertex with the ratio of length in central line to width in base (2.03���2.66): 1........................................ 4 - Vertex with the ratio of length in central line to width in base more than 3: 1....................................... 5 4. Cephalic process distinctly long, nearly equally wide before and after contraction of vertex; aedeagus with ventrolateral lobes large and long (Fig. 10 A).............................................................. A. prognatha (Distant) - Cephalic process relatively short, narrower after contraction of vertex; aedeagus with ventrolateral lobes distinctly short and small (Fig. 13 A)............................................................. A. vitiensis Emeljanov & Wilson 5. Cephalic process distinctly long; vertex with media carina long and prominent.......... A. minuta (Lallemand) comb. nov. - Cephalic process relatively short; vertex with media carina short and weak..................... A. timorina (Lallemand), Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2013, Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region, pp. 551-568 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/249054

Anasta australiaca (Lallemand, 1935) comb. nov. (Figs 1 A, 3 A, 4���6) Fulgora australiaca Lallemand, 1935: 674, Figs 16, 17. Dictyophara australiaca (Lallemand): Metcalf, 1946: 149. Redescription. Body length (from apex of cephalic process to tip of forewings): ♂ 9.9���10.5 mm; length of head: 1.4���1.6 mm; width of head (including eyes): 1.1���1.2 mm; length of forewings: 7.8���8.1 mm. Cephalic process (Fig. 4 A ���C) in front of eyes distinctly short and upturned. Vertex (Fig. 4 A) with the ratio of length in central line to width in base (1.65���1.72): 1; median carina distinct and sharp between eyes. Frons (Fig. 4 B) elongate, lateral and intermediate carinae ridged, median carina distinct, more or less weak apically and or lacking apically. Forewings (Fig. 3 A) with stigmal area obscure viridescent, with 0���2 transverse veins. Male genitalia with gonostyles (Fig. 5 D) large and broad, apex with a small obtuse process; upper process elongate, slightly curved inwards, acute apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 6 A ���C) large and robust, dorsal part and bases of ventral and lateral parts on phallobase sclerotized and pigmented, the remainder membranous; dorsal part elongate, V-shaped apically, with a pair of small sclerotized apical processes, directed posteriorly in dorsal view, the base of processes membranous sac-like and inflated inwards; ventrolateral parts produced in a pair of large, sac-like and inflated lobes, transversely prolonged: rounded in middle and tapered at each end, dorsal end more or less sclerotized, directed posteriorly, ventral end elongated, incurved ventrally and crossed each other in ventral view; ventral part with a small lobe in middle under the ventrolateral lobes. Segment X (Fig. 5 A) relatively broad and large, lateral margin somewhat diverging towards apex, with the ratio of length to width in base about 1.3: 1 in dorsal view; ventral apical margin truncated and straight. Material examined. AUSTRALIA: 2 ♂, North Queensland, Lockirbie, 14���17.VII. 1948, L.J. Brass (Archbold Exped., AMNH). Remarks. This species is externally similar to A. vitiensis Emeljanov & Wilson, but can be distinguished from the latter by the shorter cephalic process and the bigger ventrolateral lobes in aedeagus. See also the key for identification. Distribution. Australia (North Queensland)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2013, Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region, pp. 551-568 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 556, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/249054

Anasta prognatha (Distant, 1906) (Figs 1 C, 3 C, 10���12) Dictyophara prognatha Distant, 1906: 352; Melichar, 1912: 125; Metcalf, 1946: 174. Anasta prognatha (Distant): Emeljanov, 2008: 371. Redescription. Body length (from apex of cephalic process to tip of forewings): ♂ 10.8���11.9 mm; length of head: 2.0��� 2.1 mm; width of head (including eyes): 1.2���1.3 mm; length of forewings: 8.7���9.3 mm. Cephalic process (Fig. 10 A ���C) in front of eyes moderately elongate and upturned. Vertex (Fig. 10 A) with the ratio of length in central line to width in base (2.27���2.66): 1; median carina distinct and sharp between eyes. Frons (Fig. 10 B) elongate, lateral and intermediate carinae ridged, median carina distinct, more or less weak apically and maybe invisible at apex. Forewings (Fig. 3 C) with stigmal area obscure viridescent, with 1���2 transverse veins. Male genitalia with gonostyles (Fig. 11 D) large and broad, apex slightly convex; upper process elongate, slightly curved inwards, acute apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 12 A ���C) very similar to A. australiaca, but ventrolateral lobes larger and longer, dorsal end directed dorsally, ventral end elongated, incurved ventrally and crossed each other in ventral view; ventral part with a small lobe in middle under the ventrolateral lobes. Segment X (Fig. 11 A) relatively broad and large, lateral margin somewhat diverging towards apex, with the ratio of length to width in base about 1.4: 1 in dorsal view; ventral apical margin conspicuously concave. Material examined. AUSTRALIA: 2 ♂, North Queensland, Tozer Range, North Foot 400 ���, 1���5.VII. 1948, L.J. Brass (Archbold Exped., AMNH). PAPUA NEW GUINEA: 1 ♂, SE Weam, 9 m, light trap, 18.VI. 1964, H. Clissold; 2 ♂, SE Moorhead [Morehead], 18 m, light trap, 4.VII. 1965, H. Clissold (BPBM). Remarks. The specimens from Papua New Guinea are distinctly smaller than those from North Queensland, Australia. The length of head is also shorter than that of Australia. They are maybe representing a subspecies of A. prognatha, but more specimens from Papua New Guinea need to be examined for confirmation. Distribution. Australia (North Queensland), Papua New Guinea., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2013, Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region, pp. 551-568 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 562, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/249054

Anasta timorina (Lallemand, 1935) Fulgora timorina Lallemand, 1935: 672, Figs 12, 13. Dictyophara timorina (Lallemand): Metcalf, 1946: 179. Anasta timorina (Lallemand): Emeljanov, 2008: 372. Remarks. The species was transferred in Anasta by Emeljanov (2008). It is likely to be conspecific with A. minuta comb. nov., but it is not confirmed till the types of both species will be examined. Distribution. Indonesia (Timor)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2013, Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region, pp. 551-568 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on page 565, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/249054

Anasta lobosa sp. nov. (Figs 1 B, 3 B, 7���9) Diagnosis. The new species is similar to A. minuta (Lallemand), but can be separated from the latter by the relatively short cephalic process, and the forewings with M vein first bifurcated to M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 nearly abreast with bifurcation of Sc+R, distinctly beyond CuA. Description. Body length (from apex of cephalic process to tip of forewings): ♂ 11.5 mm; length of head: 2.4 mm; width of head (including eyes): 1.1 mm; length of forewings: 8.4 mm. Cephalic process (Fig. 7 A ���C) in front of eyes distinctly elongate and slightly upturned. Vertex (Fig. 7 A) with the ratio of length in central line to width in base 3.02: 1; median carina only distinct between eyes. Frons (Fig. 7 B) elongate, intermediate carinae nearly parallel, median carina distinct and complete. Forewings (Fig. 3 B) with M vein first bifurcated to M 1 + 2 and M 3 + 4 veins near middle, nearly abreast with bifurcation of Sc+R, distinctly beyond CuA; stigmal area with 1 transverse veins. Male genitalia with gonostyles (Fig. 8 D) large and broad, apex with a small obtuse process; upper process prolonged, not incurved, acute apically. Aedeagus (Fig. 9 A ���C) large and broad, compressed dorsoventrally, bases of phallobase sclerotized and pigmented, the remainder membranous sac-like; dorsal lobes large, broad and inflated, more or less sclerotized, with a pair of small apical processes on each side, directed posteriorly in dorsal view; ventrolateral lobes small, flat and rounded at each end, dorsal end small, directed posteriorly, ventral end large, incurved ventrally and crossed in ventral view; ventral part with a small lobe in middle under ventrolateral lobes. Segment X (Fig. 8 A) distinctly elongate, lateral margin nearly parallel, with the ratio of length to width in base about 2.1: 1 in dorsal view; ventral apical margin conspicuously concave. Material examined. Holotype ♂, PAPUA NEW GUINEA: SE Popondetta, 18 m, light trap, 30 ��� 15.VIII. 1963, J. Sedlacek (BPBM). Etymology. The name of this species is derived from the Greek ���lobos���, referring to its paired large, sac-like and inflated lobes in aedeagus. Distribution. Papua New Guinea. Anasta minuta (Lallemand, 1935) comb. nov. Fulgora minuta Lallemand, 1935: 673, Figs 14, 15. Dictyophara minuta (Lallemand): Metcalf, 1946: 167. Remarks. According to Lallemand���s description, A. minuta comb. nov. is very similar to A. timorina from Timor, Indonesia. A. minuta comb. nov. can be distinguished from the latter by the longer cephalic process and a longer prominent media carina on vertex (Lallemand 1935). We didn���t have chance to examine the both species Distribution. Indonesia (Timor)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2013, Review of the genus Anasta Emeljanov (Hemiptera: Dictyopharidae: Hastini) from the Australasian region, pp. 551-568 in Zootaxa 3741 (4) on pages 556-559, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.4.6, http://zenodo.org/record/249054

Song, Zhi-Shun, Liang, Ai-Ping (2012): Taxonomic revision of the Oriental genus Metaurus Stål (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Dictyopharidae), with description of a new species. Journal of Natural History 46 (41-42): 2563-2575, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2012.708456, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2012.708456

Tenguna medogensis sp. nov. (Figures 2, 3, 7 ���9, 11��� 21) Description Male, BL: 13.8���14.7 mm; HL: 1.8 ���2.0 mm; HW: 1.4���1.5 mm; FWL: 10.8���11.4 mm. Female, BL: 12.0��� 12.6 mm; HL: 1.6���1.7 mm; HW: 1.2���1.3 mm; FWL: 9.3���9.8 mm. General color and external characters as in generic description. Vertex (Figs 2, 3, 7) relatively narrow, with ratio of length to width between eyes about 3.0: 1; disc between eyes convex medially and remainder part somewhat upturned. Pronotum (Figs 2, 3, 7) with lower lateral carinae between eyes and tegulae not observed in dorsal view (Fig. 7). Fore wings as in figures 2, 3 and 11, stigma distinct, with 2���3 cells. Hind tibia with 5 lateral black-tipped spines, spinal formula 8���9 -(8���9). Male genitalia: pygofer (Figs 12���14) ventrally distinctly wider than dorsally (about 3: 1), posterior margin with distinct, posteriorly directed process near apex in lateral view (Fig. 13); dorsal margin deeply excavated to accommodate anal tube, dorsal-lateral margins angularly produced posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 12). Anal tube (Figs 12, 13) nearly long triangular in lateral view (Fig. 13), large and elongate in dorsal view (Fig. 12), with ratio of length to width at middle about 1.7: 1. Anal style short and broad. Parameres (Figs 13, 14) large and broad in lateral view (Fig. 13), distinctly humped distinctly near apex in ventral view (Fig. 14). Aedeagus (Figs 15���17) short and stout, with pair of long, asymmetrical, phallical processes; processes turned anterodorsally and intercrossed at basal half, and directed anterolaterally in dorsal view (Fig. 15); phallobase with two pairs of membranous lobes at apex: dorsal pair above phallobase and other ventral pair below phallobase in lateral view (Fig. 16). Female genitalia: anal tube (Fig. 18) round and large in dorsal view, ratio of length to width at middle about 1: 1. Valvulae (Fig. 19���21) as in generic description. Material examined Holotype: ��, Southwestern China: Xizang, Medog, Maniweng (29.27337 ��N, 96.16859 ��E), 895 m, 14.VIII. 2006 (Z. S. Song), light trap. Paratypes. 3 ����, 3 ����, same data as holotype; 5 ����, 5 ����, Xizang, Medog, Aniqiao (29.32874 ��N, 95.14866 ��E), 1080 m, 12���13.VIII. 2006 (Z. S. Song); 1 ��, Xizang, Medog, Beibeng (29.24349 ��N, 95.17145 ��E), 786 m, 17.VIII. 2006 (Z. S. Song) (all in IZCAS). Distribution Southwestern China (Xizang). Remarks The species can be distinguished from T. watanabei by the relatively narrow vertex, with ratio of length to width between eyes about 3.0: 1 (about 2.4: 1 in T. watanabei); pronotum with lower lateral carinae between eyes and tegulae not observed in dorsal view (Fig. 9); phallobase with two pairs of membranous lobes at apex (three pairs of lobes in T. watanabei). The discovery of this species not only broadens our knowledge of the morphology and biogeography of the genus, but also represents the first record of the planthopper family Dictyopharidae in Xizang, China., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2007, A new species of the Oriental planthopper genus Tenguna Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) from Xizang, China, pp. 57-64 in Zootaxa 1439 on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175944

Tenguna watanabei Matsumura, 1910 (Figures 1, 4���6, 10) Tenguna watanabei Matsumura, 1910: 105. Centromeria formosana Kato, 1933: 461, synonymised by Matsumura, 1940: 15. Description Female, BL: 15.1���15.8 mm; HL: 2.0��� 2.2 mm; HW: 1.6���1.7 mm; FWL: 12.2���12.4 mm. Vertex (Figs 1, 4) relatively wide, with ratio of length to width between eyes about 2.4: 1; median carina in basal third sharper than in remainder part of vertex, with disc between eyes convex medially. Frons (Fig. 6) with median carina ridged sharply, lateral carinae approaching frontoclypeal suture. Pronotum (Figs 1, 4) with lower lateral carinae between eyes and tegulae conspicuous and visible in dorsal view (Fig. 4). Fore wings as in figures 1 and 10, stigma distinct, with 3���5 cells. Hind tibia with 6 lateral black-tipped spines, spinal formula 8 -(9���10)-(9���10). Male genitalia: pygofer with posterior margin slightly produced posteriorly near apex. Aedeagus with 3 pairs of membranous lobes at phallobasal apex. Notes: A further description and illustrations of male and female genitalia and fifth instar nymph are provided by Yang & Yeh (1994). Type material examined Lectotype. ��, Tenguna watanabei Matsumura, 1910, designated by Liang & Suwa (1998), Taiwan, Hoppo, 8.VII; Paralectotypes. 1 ��, Taiwan, Hoppo, 8.VIII. 1906; 1 ��, Taiwan, Shinsha, 23.VII. 1906; 1 ��, Taiwan, Koannai, 29.VII. 1906 (HU). Other material examined China: 1 ��, Taiwan, Yunlin, Tsaoling, 6.VII. 1985 (C. T. Yang), Tenguna watanabei Matsumura, determined by C. T. Yang (BMNH); 1 ��, Taiwan, Hori (Puli), 750 m, 22.VIII. 1947 (J. L. Gressitt) (BPBM); 1 ��, Sichuan, Mt. Qingcheng, 12.VIII. 1957 (L. Y. Zheng) (NU); 3 ����, Sichuan, Mt. Emei, Baoguosi, 550���750 m, 24���27.VII., 9.IX. 1957 (F. X. Zhu); 1 ��, Sichuan, Mt. Emei, Jiulaodong, 12.IX. 1940, no collector; 1 ��, Hubei, Hefeng, 900 m, 28.VII. 1989 (N. N. Xiao); 1 ��, Guizhou, Mt. Fanjing, 28.VII. 2001 (X. C. Du) (all in IZCAS). Distribution Southern China (Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2007, A new species of the Oriental planthopper genus Tenguna Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) from Xizang, China, pp. 57-64 in Zootaxa 1439 on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175944, {"references":["Matsumura, S. (1910) Monographie der Dictyophorinen Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 3, 99 - 113. [In German]","Kato, M. (1933) Notes on Japanese Homoptera, with descriptions of one new genus and some new species. Entomological world, 1, 452 - 471.","Matsumura, S. (1940) New species of Dictyophoridae (Homoptera) from Manchoukuo and the neighbouring countries. Insecta Matsumurana, 15 (1 - 2), 14 - 20.","Yang, C. T. & Yeh, W. B. (1994) Nymphs of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha) with descriptions of two new species and notes on adults of Dictyopharidae. Chinese Journal of Entomology, Special Publication, 8, 1 - 187. Yang, X. K. (2004) Insects of the Great Yarlung Zangbo Canyon of Xizang, China. China Science and Technology Press, Beijng, 339 pp, pls. 1 - 7. [In Chinese with English summary]","Liang, A. P. & Suwa, M. (1998) Type specimens of Matsumura's species of Fulgoroidea (excluding Delphacidae) in the Hokkaido University insect collection, Japan (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Insecta Matsumurana (New Series), 54, 133 - 166."]}

Genus Tenguna Matsumura, 1910 Tenguna Matsumura, 1910: 104. Type species: Tenguna watanabei Matsumura, 1910: 105, by original designation. Description General color green or yellowish green; carinae on cephalic process, frons, pronotum and mesonotum, and parts of veins on fore wings, dark green; rostrum with extreme apex blackish; hind tibia with a black marking at extreme apex. Head (Figs 1���9) relatively short, produced into a moderate cephalic process shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs 1 ���4, 7) with lateral margins carinate, sub-parallel at base, slightly sinuate in front of eyes, then gradually narrowing to arrowhead at apex; posterior margin angularly concave; median carina distinct and complete. Frons (Figs 6, 9) with lateral margins carinate and nearly parallel-sided, posterior margin somewhat concave; median carina distinct, lateral carinae nearly parallel, approaching frontoclypeal suture. Postclypeus and anteclypeus (Figs 6, 9) convex medially, with distinct median carina. Rostrum long, reaching beyond abdominal segment VI. Pronotum (Figs 1 ���4, 7) distinctly shorter than mesonotum medially, narrow anteriorly, broad posteriorly; disc broad with anterior margin centrally angularly produced, posterior margin angularly concave; with distinct median carina and two obscure lateral discal carinae (elevated only anteriorly). Mesonotum (Figs 1 ���4, 7) tricarinate on disc, with median carina conspicuous, not reaching to apex, lateral carinae curving anteriorly towards median carina. Fore wings (Figs 1 ���3, 10, 11) with Sc+R, M and Cu all branched apically; stigma distinct, with 2���5 cells. Legs narrow and moderately long; fore femur with one minute, short, blunt spine near apex; hind tibia with 5���6 lateral black-tipped spines, spinal formula 8 ���(9���10)���(8���10). Male genitalia: pygofer (Figs 12���14) narrow and high in lateral view (Fig. 13), ventrally distinctly wider than dorsally, anterior margin straight and posterior margin angularly produced posteriorly near apex. Anal tube (Figs 12, 13) oval and large in dorsal view. Parameres (Figs 13, 14) large, distinctly broadening towards apex in lateral view (Fig. 13), posterior margin straight, upper margin with dorsally directed, black-tipped process near middle, with ventrally directed, hooklike process near sub-middle on outer upper edge. Aedeagus (Figs 15���17) with pair of long, processes apically, processes with apex acute, sclerotized and pigmented; phallobase sclerotized and pigmented at base, with pairs of membranous lobes at apex. Female genitalia: anal tube (Fig. 18) round and large in dorsal view. First valvula (Fig. 19) strongly sclerotized with 7 different sized teeth in lateral view; second valvulae (Fig. 20) triangular, symmetrical in ventral view, connected at base and separated from 1 / 4 base; third valvula (Fig. 21) with 2 sclerotized lobes, lateral lobe with 1���4 long spines at apex. Remarks Tenguna species can be distinguished from other dictyopharid planthoppers by the combination of the following diagnostic characters: general color green or yellowish green; vertex with median carina distinct and complete, lateral margins sub-parallel at base, slightly sinuate in front of eyes, then gradually narrowing to arrowhead at apex; pronotum with distinct median carina and two obscure lateral discal carinae, elevated only anteriorly; fore femur with one minute, short and blunt spine near apex; aedeagus with a pair of processes apically and phallobase with pairs of membranous lobes apically. Species of Tenguna are externally similar to those of Centromeria St��l, 1870, but can be separated from the latter by the general color which is almost uniformly green or yellowish green (vertex, frons, genae and pronotum with orange red markings or stripes in Centromeria species); and vertex with median carina complete (median carina only present at base in Centromeria species). The genus Tenguna also superficially resembles Dictyopharina Melichar, 1903, but differs from the latter in that the head is relatively elongate and narrower; vertex with lateral margins slightly sinuate in front of eyes and then gradually narrowing to arrowhead at apex and the fore wings having less reticulate venation. Distribution Southern China (Guizhou, Hubei, Sichuan, Taiwan, Xizang)., Published as part of Song, Zhi-Shun & Liang, Ai-Ping, 2007, A new species of the Oriental planthopper genus Tenguna Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) from Xizang, China, pp. 57-64 in Zootaxa 1439 on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.175944, {"references":["Matsumura, S. (1910) Monographie der Dictyophorinen Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 3, 99 - 113. [In German]"]}

Saigona sinicola sp. nov. (Figs. 9, 10, 66���75) Saigona sinicola Matsumura, 1940: 14. [Nomen nudum.] Description ��, BL: 14.5���14.7 mm; HL: 3.7���4.0 mm; HW: 1.4���1.6 mm; FWL: 9.2���9.8 mm. ��, BL: 15.1 mm; HL: 3.8 mm; HW: 1.8 mm; FWL: 10.0 mm. General color brown, marked with fuscous and ochraceous. Vertex and most part of genae brown, the areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish. Frons, postclypeus, anteclypeus and rostrum yellowish. Pronotum ochraceous, suffused with fuscous; median carina yellowish; lateral, ventrally curved areas yellowish. Mesonotum ochraceous, with a broad, yellow stripe along median longitudinal carina. Thorax ventrally yellowish; abdomen dorsally dark brown, with yellowish brown spots, ventrally yellowish; pygofer and parameres fuscous, suffused with pale brown. Legs yellowish brown, marked with ochraceous. Head (Figs. 9, 10, 66���68) moderately long, longer than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs. 9, 10, 66) cephalic process relatively long and robust, somewhat upturned; median carina very faint, only conspicuous at apex and base; lateral carinate margins slightly curved in front of eyes. Frons (Figs. 9, 10, 68) with lateral carinae reaching to eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 9, 10, 66) with lateral carinae distinct, median carina very faint. Fore wing venation as in Fig. 62. Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 69���71) large and broad in lateral view (Fig. 70), posterior margin straight and gently excavated at apical 1 / 4 to accommodate anal tube, length ratio of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 2. Anal tube (Figs. 69, 70) broad, large, nearly rectangular in lateral aspect (Fig. 70) and large, oval in dorsal view (Fig. 70), with ratio of length to width at middle about 1.8: 1. Anal style (Figs. 69, 70) long, broad. Parameres (Figs. 70, 71) relatively large and broad in lateral aspect (Fig. 70), apex sharply rounded, protruded posteriorly. Aedeagus (Figs. 73���75) with phallobasal conjunctival processes directed lateroposteriorly; phallobase relatively short; apical, dorsal, membranous lobe small, produced dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 74), covered with numerous fine spines at apex; apicoventral, membranous lobe triangular, large and long in ventral aspect (Fig. 73), produced towards base, covered with numerous fine spines at apex. Material examined Holotype ��, China, Shaanxi, Foping, Liangfengya, 1800���2100 m, 28.vi. 1999, T. L. He (IZCAS). Paratypes, China, Shaanxi: 1 ��, Mt. Huashan, 10.vi. 1936, no collector; 1 ��, Chungnanshan, Shensi, 6.v. [19] 36, [pink label] PARATYPE, [Matsumura���s handwriting] Saigona sinicola Mats.) (both in IZCAS); Hubei: 1 ��, Mt. Shennongjia, Hong Ping, 30.vi. 1977, Q. Mu (NU). Etymology In his paper dealing with several new dictyopharid species from northeastern and other parts of China, Matsumura (1940: 14) listed Saigona sinicola Matsumura from China as a new species in the introductory part of his paper, but unfortunately he did not describe this species in the subsequent part of his paper. Later, Matsumura (1941: 163) also made a comparative note between his new species S. taiwanella from Taiwan and S. sinicola Matsumura. Metcalf (1946) treated the specific name Saigona sinicola Matsumura as a nomen nudum. During the course of the present work, we found one female specimen that bears a paratype label and Matsumura���s handwriting determination label. Our study shows that Matsumura���s (1940) identification was correct and the specimen represents an undescribed species. We herein describe this new species and follow the specific name proposed by Matsumura (1940). The specific name seems to refer to the occurrence of this species in China. Remarks This species is similar to S. ussuriensis (Lethierry, 1878) but can be separated from the latter by its cephalic process more elongate (Figs. 9, 10, 66���68) and the frons, postclypeus, anteclypeus, and rostrum uniformly yellowish. It can be distinguished from the other known species in the genus by its male parameres with a distinctly stout, black-tipped process near the middle and the aedeagus with phallobase having apical dorsal and ventral membranous lobes covered with numerous fine spines at apex (Figs. 73, 74). Distribution China (Shaanxi, Hubei)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on pages 46-49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257, {"references":["Matsumura, S. (1940) New species of Dictyophoridae (Homoptera) from Manchoukuo and the neighbouring countries. Insecta Matsumurana, 15 (1 - 2), 14 - 20.","Matsumura, S. (1941) New species of Dictyophridae (Homoptera) from Formosa. Insecta Matsumurana, 15 (4), 162 - 163.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, MASS., 246 pp.","Lethierry, L. F. (1878) Homopteres nouveaux d'Europe et des contrees voisines. Deuxieme partie. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 21, 25 - 31."]}

Saigona taiwanella Matsumura, 1941 Saigona taiwanella Matsumura, 1941: 163; Yang & Yeh, 1994: 115. Holotype ��, China (Taiwan: Kayahara, Taichu) (missing from HU). Diagnosis Length �� 16.0 mm. Similar to S. sinicola Matsumura, but differs from the latter as follows: ��, Body darker; the granulous pale pigments of the cephalic process on the upper surface obsolete; the central longitudinal yellowish stripe in the scutellum much narrowed towards the apex. The apical cells on the tegmina nearly in the same length, whereas in sinicola Matsumura the middle two are much longer, having no cross-veins; stigma with 3 veins, the outer one branching from the middle. Mesosternum largely fuscous. Abdomen dorsally largely fuscous. Legs with all the tibial apices fuscous; the anterior femur near the femoral spine near the apex much lower. The genital organ resembles that of S. sinicola Matsumura, but is darker. (After Matsumura, 1941) Male. Unknown. Remarks Matsumura (1941) described S. taiwanella based on one single female species from Taiwan, China. The species was neglected by Metcalf (1946) and was not included in his world catalogue of Dictyopharidae. Yang & Yeh (1994) listed this species. Liang & Suwa (1998) reported that they failed to find the holotype of this species in Matsumura���s collection housed in the Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Specimens, especially the males, of this species are needed to determine its status. Distribution China (Taiwan)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on page 49, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257, {"references":["Matsumura, S. (1941) New species of Dictyophridae (Homoptera) from Formosa. Insecta Matsumurana, 15 (4), 162 - 163.","Yang, C. - T & Yeh, W. - B. (1994) Nymphs of Fulgoroidea (Homoptera: Auchenorrhyncha) with descriptions of two new species and notes on adults of Dictyopharidae. Chinese Journal of Entomology, Special Publication, 8, 1 - 187.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, MASS., 246 pp.","Liang, A. - P. & Suwa, M. (1998) Type specimens of Matsumura's species of Fulgoroidea (excluding Delphacidae) in the Hokkaido University insect collection, Japan (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Insecta Matsumurana (New Series), 54, 133 - 166."]}

Saigona fuscoclypeata sp. nov. (Figs. 4, 26–35) Description ɗ, BL: 15.8–16.4 mm; HL: 2.8–2.9 mm; HW: 1.5 mm; FWL: 11.8–12.4 mm. Ψ, BL: 16.1–16.9 mm; HL: 2.7–3.0 mm; HW: 1.3–1.5 mm; FWL: 12.4–12.6 mm. General color ochraceous, marked with fuscous and brown. Vertex and most part of genae ochraceous or fuscous, areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish. Frons yellowish brown; postclypeus, anteclypeus and labrum fuscous. Rostrum pale brown, tip black. Pronotum ochraceous, marked with blackish brown; with lateral, ventrally curved areas with broad, triangular, yellowish band. Mesonotum ochraceous, marked with fuscous. Thorax ventrally dark brown, marked with yellowish brown. Legs fuscous, marked with pale brown; coxae blackish brown, middle coxae much paler; femora covered with numerous pale brown speckles; tibiae pale brown with two broad fuscous rings basally and medially, respectively; tarsi and claws brown; tips of apical spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen ventrally yellowish, marked with blackish brown; dorsally dark brown, with yellowish brown spots; pygofer and parameres fuscous. Head (Figs. 4, 26–28) relatively short, slightly shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs. 4, 26) with cephalic process relatively short and robust, median carina only conspicuous at basal 1 / 3, remainder faint; lateral carinate margins curved in front of eyes. Frons (Fig. 28) with lateral carinae reaching to eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 4, 26) tricarinate on disc, with median carina conspicuous but not reaching to extreme tip. Fore wing venation as in Fig. 32. Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 29–31) large and broad, posterior margin nearly straight and excavated over apical 1 / 3 to accommodate anal tube, length ratio of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 2.0. Anal tube (Figs. 29, 30) large and nearly triangular in lateral view (Fig. 30), large and subcircular in dorsal view (Fig. 29), ratio of length to width at middle about 1.2: 1. Anal styles (Figs. 29, 30) large, broad, elongate. Parameres (Figs. 30, 31) small and short in lateral aspect (Fig. 30), apex sharply rounded and protruded posteriorly. Aedeagus (Figs. 33–35) with phallobasal conjunctival processes long, curved inward; phallobase narrow, long, curved dorsally, with apical, dorsal, membranous lobe narrow and long in dorsal view (Fig. 35), without spines, and apical, ventral, membranous lobe global in lateral view (Fig. 34), covered with numerous fine spines at apex. Material examined Holotype ɗ, China, Shaanxi, Ningshaan, Dashui Gou, 1500–1760 m, 30.vi. 1999, D. C. Yuan (IZCAS). Paratypes, China, Hubei: 1 ɗ, Mt. Shennongjia, Guanmen Shan, 1500 m, 30.vii. 1998; Y. D. Yu; Gansu: 1 ɗ, Wen County, Tielou, Keqiao Cun, 1500 m, 23.vi. 1999, H. J. Wang; Hubei: 2 ΨΨ, Mt. Shennongjia, Jiuhu, Pingche Gou, 1870 m, 24.vii. 1998, T. H. Luo & J. J. He (all in IZCAS). Etymology This species is named after its fuscous clypeus. Remarks This species is similar to S. ussuriensis (Lethierry, 1878) in appearance but can be distinguished from the latter by its clypeus and labrum fuscous; mesonotum without a yellowish median longitudinal stripe; aedeagus with phallobase having the apical, dorsal, membranous lobe more elongate, and the apical, ventral, membranous lobe not divided into smaller lobes at apex (Figs. 33–35). Distribution China (Gansu, Hubei, Shaanxi).

Saigona henanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 5, 36���45) Description ��, BL: 15.4 mm; HL: 2.8 mm; HW: 1.4 mm; FWL: 11.7 mm. General color ochraceous, marked with fuscous and brown. Vertex and most part of genae ochraceous, areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish. Frons yellowish brown; postclypeus, anteclypeus, and labrum fuscous. Rostrum pale brown, tip black. Pronotum ochraceous, suffused with blackish brown; lateral, ventrally curved areas with broad, triangular, yellowish spot. Mesonotum ochraceous, marked with fuscous. Thorax ventrally dark brown, marked with yellowish brown. Legs fuscous, marked with pale brown; coxae blackish brown, middle coxae much paler; femora with numerous pale brown speckles; tibiae pale brown with two broad fuscous rings basally and medially respectively; tarsi and claws brown; tips of apical spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen ventrally yellowish, dorsally dark brown with yellowish brown spots; pygofer and parameres fuscous. Head (Figs. 5, 36���38) short, shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs. 5, 36) with cephalic process relatively short and robust, with median carina only conspicuous at basal 1 / 3, remainder faint; lateral carinate margins curved anterior to eyes. Frons (Fig. 38) with lateral carinae reaching to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 5, 36) tricarinate on disc, with median carina conspicuous but not reaching extreme tip. Fore wing venation as in Fig. 42. Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 39���41) large, broad in lateral view, posterior margin straight, excavated over apical 1 / 5 to accommodate anal tube, length ratio of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 1.5. Anal tube (Figs. 39, 40) large and nearly triangular in lateral view (Fig. 40), large and oval in dorsal view (Fig. 39), ratio of length to width at middle about 1.6: 1. Anal style (Figs. 39, 40) narrow, long. Parameres (Figs. 40, 41) relatively large and broad in lateral aspect (Fig. 40), apex sharply rounded, protruded posteriorly. Aedeagus (Figs. 43���45) with phallobasal conjunctival processes spiraled dorsally; phallobase narrow, long, curved dorsally, with apical, dorsal, membranous lobe stout and large, produced caudad in lateral view (Fig. 44), without spines; in ventral aspect (Fig. 43), apical, ventral, membranous lobe triangular, converging toward apex, produced toward base of phallobase, covered with numerous fine spines at apex. Material examined Holotype ��, China, Henan, Xishan, Taiping, 17.vii. 1957, Y. S. Shi (IZCAS). Etymology This species is named for its occurrence in Henan Province of China. Remarks This species is similar to S. ussuriensis (Lethierry, 1878) and S. fuscoclypeata sp. nov. but can be distinguished from the two species by its frons with lateral carinae reaching to frontoclypeal suture and the aedeagus with phallobasal conjunctival processes spiraled dorsally (Figs. 43���45). Distribution China (Henan)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on pages 39-41, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257, {"references":["Lethierry, L. F. (1878) Homopteres nouveaux d'Europe et des contrees voisines. Deuxieme partie. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 21, 25 - 31."]}

Saigona fulgoroides (Walker, 1858) (Figs. 2, 3, 16���25) Dictyophora [sic] fulgoroides Walker, 1858: 67. Lectotype ��, designated by Liang, 2001: 235, China (BMNH) [examined]. Saigona gibbosa Matsumura, 1910: 111, 112; Kato, 1933: pl. 12, fig. 3; Metcalf, 1946: 47. Lectotype ♂, designated by Liang and Suwa, 1998: 155, Taiwan (HU) [examined]. [Synonymised by Liang, 2001: 235.] Leprota fulgoroides (Walker); Melichar, 1912: 91, pl. 3, figs. 14, 15; Metcalf, 1946: 75. Piela singularis Lallemand, 1942: 73. Holotype ��, China (IZCAS) [examined]. New synonymy Saigona fulgoroides (Walker); Nast, 1972: 84. Redescription ��, BL: 17.4���18.3 mm; HL: 5.0���5.9 mm; HW: 1.6���1.8 mm; FWL: 11.4���12.2 mm. ��, BL: 16.5���18.6 mm; HL: 4.8���6.1 mm; HW: 1.6���1.9 mm; FWL: 10.9���12.5 mm. General color fuscous, marked with ochraceous and brown. Vertex fuscous, with small, yellowish spot at apex. Genae mostly fuscous, areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish. Frons, postclypeus, and anteclypeus brown, with numerous yellowish or pale brown speckles. Rostrum yellowish or yellowish green. Pronotum fuscous, suffused with ochraceous; median carina pale green; lateral, ventrally curved areas with broad, yellowish band. Mesonotum dark brown, with broad, pale green stripe along median longitudinal carina. Thorax ventrally yellowish, marked with blackish brown. Legs yellowish brown, marked with ochraceous. Abdomen ventrally yellowish or yellowish brown, marked with fuscous; dorsally dark brown, with broad, yellowish, median longitudinal stripe; pygofer. and parameres fuscous. Head (Figs. 1, 2, 16���18) long, much longer than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Cephalic process (Figs. 1, 2, 16, 17) distinctly elongate and robust, apically bulbous, with 3 pairs of symmetrical knoblike protuberance on lateral region. Vertex with median carina faint, lateral carinate margins strongly sinuate. Frons (Fig. 18) with lateral carinae reaching to eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 1, 2, 16) with lateral carinae distinct, median carina strongly faint. Fore wing venation as in Fig. 22. Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 19���21) large and broad in lateral view (Fig. 20), posterior margin with sharp, dorsoposteriorly directed process near apex, length ratio of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 2.0. Anal tube (Figs. 19, 20) relatively large, nearly triangular in lateral view (Fig. 20) and long oval in dorsal view (Fig. 19), with ratio of length to width at middle about 1.7: 1. Anal style (Figs. 19, 20) relatively long and narrow. Parameres (Figs. 20, 21) relatively small and broad in lateral aspect (Fig. 20), apex sharply rounded and protruded posteriorly. Aedeagus (Figs. 23���25) with phallobase relatively short and narrow; phallobasal conjunctival processes short, directed laterally; phallobase with apical, dorsal, membranous lobe produced dorsally in lateral view (Fig. 24) and apical, ventral, membranous lobe small and semi-globose in ventral view (Fig. 23), both lobes without fine spines at apex. Type material examined Lectotype �� of Dictyophara fulgoroides Walker, 1858, designated by Liang (2001), [small round white label with green margin] Type; [printed] DICTYOPHORA FULGOROIDES; 55 / 87 [underside] n. China (BMNH). Lectotype �� of Saigona gibbosa Matsumura, 1910, designated by Liang & Suwa (1998), Taiwan (HU). Holotype �� of Piela singularis Lallemand, 1942, [China, Zhejiang]: 24.v. 1937, O. Piel coll.; T���ienmu Shan; [pink label] TYPE; [blue label] IOZ(E) 220236; [Lallemand���s handwriting] Piela singularis Lall. 1940, Lallemand det. (IZCAS). China: 2 ���� (Paralectotypes of Dictyophara fulgoroides Walker, 1858), 58 / 87 [underside] n. China (BMNH). Taiwan: 10 ����, 4 ���� (Paralectotypes of Saigona gibbosa Matsumura, 1910), Taiwan (HU). Other material examined China, Fujian: 1 ��, 1 ��, Chongan, Xingcun, Sangang, 740 m, 21.v. 1960, F. J. Pu; 2 ����, same locality and altitude, 16,21. v. 1960, S. Q. Jiang; 1 ��, same locality and altitude, 4.v. 1960, C. L. Ma; 1 ��, Chongan, Jianyang, 740���1170 m, 20.v. 1960, C. L. Ma; 1 ��, Chongan, Xingcun, 800���1140 m, 11.v. 1960, F. J. Pu; 1 ��, same locality, 900���1160 m, 6.vii. 1963, Y. W. Zhang; 1 ��, 2 ����, same locality, 950���1210 m, 22.v. 1960, C. L. Ma, Y. R. Zhang & Y. Zuo; 3 ����, 7 ����, Jianyang, Huangkeng, Aotou, 700���950 m, 17,27,29,30.iv & 5.v. 1960, F. J. Pu; 3 ����, 1 ��, same locality, 750���950 m, 26,30.iv & 7.v. 1960, Y. R. Zhang; 3 ����, 2 ����, same locality, 650���980 m, 5,6,7. v. 1960, S. Q. Jiang; 4 ����, same locality, 750���1050 m, 26,27.iv & 5,7. v. 1960, C. L. Ma; 1 ��, same locality, 720���950 m, 2.vii. 1963, Y. W. Z h a n g; 1 ��, same locality and altitude, 30.iv. 1960, Y. Zuo (all in IZCAS); 1 ��, Nanjing, Hexi, 21.iv. 1965, L. C. Wang (KU); Guangdong: 1 ��, Chebaling, 400 m, 14.iv. 2006, D. Zhang (IZCAS); Guangxi: 1 ��, Longsheng, 300 m, 27.v. 1963, Y. S. Shi (IZCAS); 1 ��, Longsheng, Mt. Taiping, 740 m, 9.vi. 1963, S. Y. Wang (IZCAS); Guizhou: 1 ��, Guiyang, 1000 m, 25.v. 1981, F. S. Li (CAU); Hubei: 1 ��, Shennongjia, 900���1300 m, 23.v. 1981, Y. H. Han (IZCAS); Hunan: 1 ��, Dayong, Zhangjiajie, 6.vi. 1986, no collector (IZCAS); Jiangxi: 1 ��, Mt. Lushan, no date and collector (IZCAS); 1 ��, 4 ����, Jiangxi, Kuling, 10,12,13. vii. 1935, O. Piel (Mus��e Heude) (IZCAS); Sichuan: 1 ��, Mt. Qingcheng, 1000 m, 5.vi. 1979, J. W. Shang (IZCAS); 1 ��, 1 ��, Mt. Emei, 9���10.vi. 1955, K. R. Huang & G. T. Jin (IZCAS); 1 ��, Mt. Emei, Baoguosi, 550���750 m, 30.v. 1957, Y. C. Lu (IZCAS); 1 ��, same locality and altitude, 25.v. 1957, Z. Y. Wang (IZCAS); 2 ����, Mt. Emei, Qingyinge, 800���1000 m, 29.v & 12.vi. 1957, K. R. Huang (IZCAS); 1 ��, same locality, 16.v. 1957, F. X. Zhu (IZCAS); 1 ��, Qianjiang, 1750 m, 14.vii. 1989, N. N. Xiao (IZCAS); Taiwan: 1 ��, Sakahen, 13.vii. 1949, L. Gressitt (NCSU); Zhejiang: 7 ����, 6 ����, Mt. Tianmu, 6���21.vi. 1936, 21��� 29.v. 1937, O. Piel (Mus��e Heude) (IZCAS). Remarks This species can be distinguished from other known Saigona species by its cephalic process being bulbous apically, with 3 pairs of knoblike protuberance on lateral region; and male pygofer with a sharp, dorsoposteriorly directed process on the posterior margin near the apex. Based on dictyopharid material deposited in the Mus��e Heude, Shanghai, China, Lallemand (1942) described Piela singularis from Mt. Tianmu in Zhejiang Province in southeastern China; however, he did not provide any information about the type specimens he studied, including the number and sex of the type specimens. This species was neglected by Metcalf and it was not included in Metcalf���s (1942) catalogue of the world Dictyopharidae. Most specimens of Mus��e Heude, Shanghai, are now housed in the IZCAS, Beijing, China. In the IZCAS, we found one female specimen bearing a type label and a determination label with the name P. singularis Lallemand in Lallemand���s handwriting. We believe that the female specimen is the holotype of Piela singularis that Lallemand (1942) studied, because morphologically it matches Lallemand���s (1942) original description very well. Our careful examination of the female holotype shows that it is a synonym of S. fulgoroides (Walker, 1858). Distribution China (Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Zhejiang), Sumatra, Borneo. It is necessary to note that Walker (1858) reported fulgoroides from ���n. China ��� and he frequently referred to ���North China ��� in his publications on Chinese Homoptera (e.g. Walker, 1858: 67, 171). However, the ���North China ��� sensu Walker is actually southern China., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on pages 34-37, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257, {"references":["Walker, F. (1858) List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Supplement. 307 pp.","Liang, A. - P. (2001) Taxonomic notes on Oriental and Easter Palaearctic Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 73 (4), 235 - 237.","Matsumura, S. (1910) Monographie der Dictyophorinen Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 3, 99 - 113.","Kato, M. (1933) Homoptera: Fulgoridae and others. Three Colour Illustrated Insects of Japan (Tokyo: Kouseikaku). Fasc. IV, 1 - 9; pls. 1 - 50.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, MASS., 246 pp.","Liang, A. - P. & Suwa, M. (1998) Type specimens of Matsumura's species of Fulgoroidea (excluding Delphacidae) in the Hokkaido University insect collection, Japan (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Insecta Matsumurana (New Series), 54, 133 - 166.","Melichar, L. (1912) Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 7 (1), 1 - 221. [In German]","Lallemand, V. (1942) Notes sur quelques especes recueillies par Le R. Piel (Musee Heude Shanghai) et Le R. P. de Cooman (Hoa Binh, Tonkin). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 9, 69 - 77. [In French]","Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera). An annotated check list. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa. 550 pp."]}

Saigona latifasciata sp. nov. (Figs. 6, 46–55) Description ɗ, BL: 14.7 mm; HL: 4.0 mm; HW: 1.4 mm; FWL: 9.2 mm. General color dark brown, marked with ochraceous. Vertex fuscous, with median, longitudinal, yellowish stripe. Genae mostly ochraceous, areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish brown. Frons and postclypeus yellowish or yellowish brown, anteclypeus and labrum fuscous. Rostrum with basal segment pale ochraceous, apical segment brown with extreme apex black. Pronotum fuscous, suffused with blackish brown; median carina yellowish; lateral, ventrally curved areas yellowish brown. Mesonotum dark brown, with broad, yellow, median, longitudinal stripe; maculae black. Thorax ventrally yellowish, marked with blackish brown. Legs yellowish brown, marked with ochraceous; fore coxae fuscous, middle and hind coxae yellow brown, hind coxae covered with fuscous spots; fore femora dark brown, middle and hind femora yellow brown with fuscous ring at apex; fore and middle tibiae pale brown with two broad fuscous rings basally and medially, respectively, hind tibiae much paler; tarsi and claws brown, hind tarsi and claws much paler; tips of apical spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen with tergites and sternites dark brown, covered with yellowish brown spots; pygofer and parameres fuscous. Head (Figs. 6, 46–48) short, shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs. 6, 46) with cephalic process relatively short and robust, somewhat upturned, with median carina only conspicuous at base, lateral carinate margins curved in front of eyes. Frons (Fig. 48) with lateral carinae reaching to eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 6, 46) tricarinate on disc, with median carina faint, not reaching to tip. Fore wing venation as in Fig. 52. Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 49–51) large and broad in lateral aspect (Fig. 50), posterior margin nearly straight and gently excavated at apical 1 / 3 to accommodate anal tube, length ratio of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 1.3. Anal tube (Figs. 49, 50) nearly rectangular, large in lateral view (Fig. 50) and long oval, large in dorsal view (Fig. 49) ratio of length to width at middle about 1.6: 1. Anal style (Figs. 49, 50) large and broad. Parameres (Figs. 50, 51) relatively small, short in lateral aspect (Fig. 50), apex bluntly rounded. Aedeagus (Figs. 53–55) with phallobasal conjunctival processes long, produced lateroposteriorly; phallobase narrow, long, curved dorsally; apical, dorsal, membranous lobe small, directed anterodorsally in lateral view (Fig. 50); with some spines at apex; apical, ventral, membranous lobe larger, longer, triangular in ventral view (Fig. 53), converging towards apex, directed anteroventrally in lateral view (Figs. 50, 54), covered with numerous fine spines on dorsal and ventral surfaces from middle to apex (Figs. 54, 55). Material examined Holotype ɗ, China, Yunnan, Yunlong, 2400 m, 5.vi. 1996, L. Y. Zheng (NU). Remarks This species can be distinguished from other known Saigona species by its short cephalic process (Figs. 6, 46, 47); mesonotum with a broad yellow longitudinal stripe, and aedeagus with phallobase with apical dorsal and ventral membranous lobes covered with fine spines at apex (Figs. 53–55). Distribution China (Yunnan).

Saigona ussuriensis (Lethierry, 1878) (Figs. 11, 12, 76���85) Almana ussuriensis Lethierry, 1878: 25. Syntype [s] [?sex], Russia (Siberia) [not traced.] Dictyophara annulipes Melichar, 1902: 84. [Synonymised by Horv��th, 1910: 178.] Dictyophora [sic] ishidae Matsumura, 1905: [55], pl. 21, fig. 5; Matsumura, 1930: [36], pl. 5, fig. 5; 1931: [1265], fig���d; 1932: 72, 106, pl. xviii, fig. 10. [Synonymised by Liang, 2001: 236.] Putala lewisi Distant, 1906: 354; Melichar, 1912: 101, 102. Holotype ��, Japan (BMNH) [examined]. [Synonymised by Liang, 2001: 236.] Dictyophora ussuriensis (Lethierry); Horv��th, 1910: 178. Saigona ishidae (Matsumura); Matsumura, 1910: 111; Melichar, 1912: 51; Esaki, 1932: [1771], fig���d; Kato, 1933: pl. 12, fig. 5; Metcalf, 1946: 47; Nast, 1972: 84. Saigona ussuriensis (Lethierry); Melichar, 1912: 51, 52; Matsumura, 1940: 14; Metcalf, 1946: 48; Nast, 1972: 84; Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988: 482, figs. 378 - 2, 379 - 1,2, 380 - 1���3, 381 - 1���4; Liang, 2001: 236. Neoputala lewisi (Distant); Distant, 1914: 412; Metcalf, 1946: 79. Redescription ��, BL: 11.9���14.2 mm; HL: 1.8���3.2 mm; HW: 1.3���1.7 mm; FWL: 9.2���10.6 mm. ��, BL: 13.4���14.1 mm; HL: 2.0���2.5 mm; HW: 1.3���1.6 mm; FWL: 9.8���10.8 mm. General color ochraceous, marked with fuscous and brown. Vertex ochraceous, with median, longitudinal, yellowish stripe. Genae mostly ochraceous, areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish or yellowish brown. Frons and postclypeus yellowish or yellowish brown, anteclypeus and labrum fuscous. Rostrum with basal segment pale ochraceous, apical segment brown with extreme apex black. Pronotum ochraceous, suffused with blackish brown; median carina yellowish; lateral, ventrally curved areas with broad oblique yellowish band. Mesonotum ochraceous, with median longitudinal yellowish stripe, maculae pale brown. Thorax ventrally dark brown, marked with yellowish or yellowish brown. Legs ochraceous or fuscous, marked with pale brown; coxae blackish brown; femora dark brown or fuscous (hind femora much darker), with numerous pale brown speckles; tibiae pale brown with two broad fuscous rings basally and medially, respectively; tarsi and claws brown (hind tarsi and claws much paler), tips of apical spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen with tergites and sternites dark brown, covered with yellowish brown spots; pygofer and parameres fuscous. Head (Figs. 11, 12, 76���78) relatively short, shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs. 11, 12, 76) with cephalic process relatively short, converging anteriorly, somewhat upturned; with median carina only conspicuous at apex and base, middle 1 / 3 faint; lateral carinate margins curved in front of eyes. Frons (Figs. 11, 12, 78) with lateral carinae reaching to middle of eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 11, 12, 76) tricarinate on disc, with median carina conspicuous, not reaching to extreme tip. Fore wing venation as in Fig. 72. Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 79���81) short and broad in lateral aspect (Fig. 80), posterior margin straight and angularly excavated at apical 1 / 4 apex to accommodate anal tube, length ratio of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 2. Anal tube (Figs. 79, 80) rectangular, broad and large in lateral view and oval and large in dorsal view, ratio of length to width at middle about 1.3: 1. Anal style (Figs. 79, 80) short, broad. Parameres (Figs. 80, 81) relatively small and narrow in lateral aspect (Fig. 80), apex sharply rounded, protruded backward. Aedeagus (Figs. 83���85) with phallobasal conjunctival processes directed lateroposteriorly; phallobase narrow, long, curved dorsally, apicodorsal, membranous lobe small and short, without spines (Fig. 85), apicoventral, membranous lobe larger and longer, produced toward base, divided into pair of small lobes at apex covered with numerous fine spines (Fig. 83). Type material examined Lectotype �� of Dictyophora [sic] ishidae Matsumura, 1905, designated by Liang & Suwa (1998), [underside] 4 / 7 [18] 90 Jozankei [In Japanese]; Sapporo DR. MATSUMURA; [Matsumura���s handwriting] ishidae n. sp. det. Dr. Matsumura (HU). Holotype �� of Putala lewisi Distant 1906, JAPAN: [small round label with red edge] Type, [Distant���s handwriting] Putala lewis Dist. Type, Japan (Lewis), 31.7.[18] 81, Distant Coll. 1911 ��� 383 (BMNH). JAPAN: 1 �� (paralectotype of Dictyophora [sic] ishidae Matsumura, 1905), Jozankei [In Japanese] Ishida [In Japanese]; 1 �� (paralectotype of Dictyophora [sic] ishidae Matsumura, 1905), Sapporo DR. MATSUMURA; [underside] 4 / 7 [18] 90 Jozankei [In Japanese]; 1 �� (paralectotype of Dictyophora [sic] ishidae Matsumura, 1905), Urakawa (all in HU). Other material examined Russia: 1 ��, Soviet Maritime Territory, 27.vi. 1964 (Anufriev), Saigona ussuriensis Mel. Anufriev det. 1969, Brit. Mus. 1969 ��� 360; 1 ��, 1 ��,?Far East Maritime Territory, 28.vi. [?] & 17.vi. [?], Dictyophara ussuriensis Leth. Kiritshenko det., Brit. Mus. 1925 ��� 285 (all in BMNH). Japan: 1 ��, no locality, vi. 1949, C. Watanabe; 1 ��, no locality and date, G. Muic; 1 ��, Takamagahara, 4.iix. 1934, no collector (all in IZCAS); 1 ��, Tokyo, vii. 1933, A. Mura & L. Gressitt (NCSU). China: 1 ��, Jilin, Linjiang, 29.v. 1955, no collector; 2 ����, Jilin, Gaolinzi, 10.vii. 1939, no collector; 1 ��, same locality, 6.vii. 1940, no collector; 1 ��, Heilongjiang, Dailing, 13.vii. 1959, S. X. Zhou (all in IZCAS). Remarks This species can be distinguished from other known species of Saigona by the aedeagus with phallobase having the apical, ventral, membranous lobe divided into a pair of small lobes covered with numerous fine spines at apex. It is similar to S. capitata (Distant, 1914) and S. taiwanella Matsumura, 1941 but can be separated from these two species by its distinctly shorter cephalic process (the cephalic process is distinctly longer in the latter two species). Distribution Russia (Far Eastern Region), Japan, Korea, northeastern China (Jilin, Heilongjiang)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on pages 49-52, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257, {"references":["Lethierry, L. F. (1878) Homopteres nouveaux d'Europe et des contrees voisines. Deuxieme partie. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 21, 25 - 31.","Melichar, L. (1902) Homopteren aus West-China, Persien und dem Sud-Ussuri-Gebiete. Annuaire du Musee Zoologique de l'Academie Imperiale des Sciences de St. - Petersbourg, 7, 76 - 146.","Horvath, G. (1910) Magyarorszagi uj Homoptera Rovart. Lap. 17, 176 - 177","Matsumura, S. (1905) Thousand Insects of Japan, vol. 2. 1 + 163 + 8 pp., pls. 18 - 35, Keiseisha, Tokyo. [In Japanese.]","Matsumura, S. (1930) New genera and species described in the thousand insects of Japan. The Illustrated Thousand Insects of Japan, 1, 1 - 38.","Liang, A. - P. (2001) Taxonomic notes on Oriental and Easter Palaearctic Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 73 (4), 235 - 237.","Distant, W. L. (1906) Rhynchotal notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7 (18), 349 - 356.","Melichar, L. (1912) Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 7 (1), 1 - 221. [In German]","Matsumura, S. (1910) Monographie der Dictyophorinen Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 3, 99 - 113.","Esaki, T. (1932) Homoptera. Nippon Konchu Zukan. Iconographia Insectorum Japonicorum 1932: 1 - 97, 1 - 123, 1 - 15, 1 - 2241; pls. 1 - 24, figs. Not numbered (1697 - 1807).","Kato, M. (1933) Homoptera: Fulgoridae and others. Three Colour Illustrated Insects of Japan (Tokyo: Kouseikaku). Fasc. IV, 1 - 9; pls. 1 - 50.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, MASS., 246 pp.","Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera). An annotated check list. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa. 550 pp.","Matsumura, S. (1940) New species of Dictyophoridae (Homoptera) from Manchoukuo and the neighbouring countries. Insecta Matsumurana, 15 (1 - 2), 14 - 20.","Anufriev, G. A. & Emeljanov, A. F. (1988) Dictyopharidae. Pp. 480 - 483 in: Key to Insects of Soviet Far East 2. Leningrad.","Distant, W. L. (1914) Some additions to the genera and species in the homopterous family Fulgoridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (13), 409 - 413.","Liang, A. - P. & Suwa, M. (1998) Type specimens of Matsumura's species of Fulgoroidea (excluding Delphacidae) in the Hokkaido University insect collection, Japan (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha). Insecta Matsumurana (New Series), 54, 133 - 166.","Matsumura, S. (1941) New species of Dictyophridae (Homoptera) from Formosa. Insecta Matsumurana, 15 (4), 162 - 163."]}

Key to the Species of genus Saigona 1 Vertex with cephalic process short, shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined (Figs. 4–6, 11, 12, 26, 36, 46, 76)................................................................................ 2 - Vertex with cephalic process long, longer than or nearly as long as pronotum and mesonotum combined (Figs. 1–3, 7 – 10, 13, 16, 56, 66).............................................. 5 2 Postclypeus yellowish or yellowish brown (Figs. 48, 78); mesonotum with a yellowish stripe along median longitudinal carina (Figs. 46, 76)................................................. 3 - Postclypeus fuscous (Figs. 28, 38); mesonotum without a yellowish stripe along median longitudinal carina (Figs. 26, 36).................................................................... 4 3 Mesonotum with median longitudinal yellowish stripe narrower (Figs. 11, 12, 76); aedeagus with phallobase with apical ventral membranous lobe with numerous, fine spines at apex (Figs. 83, 84) .................................................... S. ussuriensis (Lethierry) - Mesonotum with median longitudinal yellowish stripe much broader (Figs. 6, 46); aedeagus with phallobase with apical dorsal and ventral membranous lobes with numerous, fine spines at apex (Figs. 53, 54).............................. S. latifasciata sp. nov. 4 Frons with lateral carinae reaching to frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 38); aedeagus with phallobasal conjunctival processes relatively short, spiraled dorsally (Figs. 43–45).... ...................................................................................................... S. henanensis sp. nov. - Frons with lateral carinae reaching to eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 28); aedeagus with phallobasal conjunctival processes long, not spiraled dorsally (Figs. 33–35)................................................................................................ S. fuscoclypeata sp. nov. 5 Cephalic process bulbous apically, with 3 pairs of symmetrical knoblike protuberance on lateral regions (Figs. 16, 17); pygofer with one distinct process on posterior margin (Fig. 20)..................................................................................... S. fulgoroides (Walker) - Cephalic process not bulbous apically, without knoblike protuberance on lateral regions (Figs. 13, 56, 66); pygofer without a distinct process on posterior margin (Figs. 60, 70)................................................................................................................ 6 6 Vertex with yellowish spot at apex (Fig. 13); frons with lateral carinae reaching to frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 15)........................................................ S. capitata (Distant) - Vertex without yellowish spot at apex; frons with lateral carinae reaching to eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture.................................................................................................. 7 7 General color much darker; mesonotum with yellowish stripe along median longitudinal carina very narrow ............................................................ S. taiwanella Matsumura - General color much paler; mesonotum with yellowish stripe along median longitudinal carina broad........................................................................................................... 8 8 Cephalic process distinctly robust (Figs. 7, 8, 56); aedeagus with phallobase with apical ventral membranous lobe with numerous, fine spines at apex (Fig. 64).................. ........................................................................................................... S. robusta sp. nov. - Cephalic process relatively slender (Figs. 9, 10, 66); aedeagus with phallobase with apical dorsal and ventral membranous lobes with numerous, fine spines at apex (Fig. 74) .................................................................................................... S. sinicola sp. nov.

Saigona robusta sp. nov. (Figs. 7, 8, 56���65) Description ��, BL: 14.7 mm; HL: 4.0 mm; HW: 1.4 mm; FWL: 9.2 mm. ��, BL: 14.8 mm; HL: 4.3 mm; HW: 1.5 mm; FWL: 10.0 mm. General color brown, marked with fuscous and ochraceous. Vertex and most part of genae brown, the areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish or yellowish green. Frons, postclypeus, anteclypeus, and rostrum yellowish or yellowish green. Pronotum ochraceous, suffused with fuscous; median carina pale green; lateral, ventrally curved areas yellowish. Mesonotum ochraceous, with broad, pale green stripe along median longitudinal carina. Thorax and abdomen ventrally yellowish or yellowish green; abdomen dorsally dark brown, with yellowish brown spots; pygofer and parameres fuscous, suffused with pale brown; anal tube yellowish dorsally. Legs yellowish brown, marked with ochraceous. Head (Figs. 7, 8, 56���58) long, much longer than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs. 7, 8, 56) with cephalic process long, distinctly robust; median carina very faint, only conspicuous at apex and base; lateral carinate margins nearly parallel. Frons (Fig. 58) with lateral carinae reaching to eyes, not to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 7, 8, 56) with lateral carinae distinct, median carina very faint. Fore wing venation as in Fig. 62. Male genitalia with pygofer (Figs. 59���61) large and broad in lateral view (Fig. 60), posterior margin nearly straight, abruptly curved anteriorly near 1 / 6 apex to accommodate anal tube, length ratio of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 2.2. Anal tube (Figs. 59, 60) large, nearly triangular in lateral view (Fig. 60), large, long, oval in dorsal view (Fig. 59), ratio of length to width at middle about 1.7: 1. Anal style (Figs. 59, 60) short, broad. Parameres (Figs. 60, 61) relatively large, broad in lateral aspect (Fig. 60), apex sharply rounded, protruded posteriorly. Aedeagus (Figs. 63���65) with phallobasal conjunctival processes produced dorsally and ventrally, respectively; phallobase narrow and long, curved dorsally; apical, dorsal, membranous lobe small, semi-globose in lateral view (Fig. 64), without spines; apical, ventral, membranous lobe converging towards apex and triangular in ventral view (Fig. 63), directed anteroventrally in lateral view (Fig. 60), covered with numerous fine spines at apex. Material examined Holotype ��, China, Hubei, Fang County, Qiaoshang, 16.vi. 1977, Q. Mu (NU). Paratype, China, Hubei: 1 ��, Mt. Shennongjia, Yangri, 500���600 m, 2.vi. 1981, Y. H. Han (IZCAS). Remarks This species can be distinguished from other known species in Saigona by its distinctly elongate and robust cephalic process (Figs. 7, 8, 56���58). Distribution China (Hubei)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on pages 44-46, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257

Genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 Saigona Matsumura, 1910: 110; Melichar, 1912: 28, 50; Metcalf, 1946: 47; Nast, 1972: 84; Chou et al., 1985: 63; Anufriev & Emeljanov, 1988: 482; Emeljanov, 1993: 70; Liang, 2001: 235. Type species: Dictyophora [sic] ishidae Matsumura, 1905 [= Almana ussuriensis Lethierry, 1878], by subsequent designation of Melichar, 1912: 50. Leprota Melichar, 1912: 91; Metcalf, 1946: 74. Type species: Dictyophora [sic] fulgoroides Walker, 1858, by original designation and monotypy. New Synonymy Neoputala Distant, 1914: 412; Metcalf, 1946: 78. Type species: Neoputala lewisi Distant, 1906 [not Neoputala capitata Distant, 1914, as stated by Liang, 2001: 236]. [Synonymised by Liang, 2001: 236.] Piela Lallemand, 1942: 72. Type species: Piela singularis Lallemand, 1942, by original designation and monotypy. New Synonymy Redescription General color ochraceous or fuscous. Vertex and most part of genae usually with numerous yellowish or pale brown speckles. Frons uniformly yellowish or yellowish brown. Pronotum and mesonotum ochraceous, suffused with blackish brown. Fore wings (Figs. 1���12) and hind wings hyaline, more or less fuliginous, veins fuscous; stigma fuscous, nearly opaque. Head (Figs. 1���18, 26��� 28, 36���38, 46��� 48, 56���58, 66��� 68, 76���78) long and broad, distinctly produced into a cephalic process, this is longer or shorter than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Figs. 13, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76) with lateral margins carinate, sinuate in front of eyes; with obsolete median longitudinal carina; posterior region clearly higher than pronotum. Frons (Figs. 15, 17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77) broad and elongate, with distinct median longitudinal carina. Postclypeus and anteclypeus (Figs. 15, 17, 27, 37, 47, 57, 67, 77) convex medially, with distinct median carina. Rostrum long, reaching between hind coxae. Pronotum (Figs. 1���13, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76) distinctly shorter than mesonotum medially, narrow anteriorly and broad posteriorly; disc broad with anterior margin centrally strongly arched, posterior margin angularly concave; with distinct median longitudinal carina and two obscure lateral discal carinae (elevated only anteriorly). Mesonotum (Figs. 1���13, 16, 26, 36, 46, 56, 66, 76) tricarinate on disc, with median longitudinal carina obsolete or conspicuous but not reaching to apex, lateral carinae curving anteriorly towards median carina. Fore wings (Figs. 22, 32, 42, 52, 62, 72, 82) with Sc+R, M and Cu branched apically, respectively; stigma distinct, with 2���4 cells; veins with numerous fuscous setae. Legs moderately long; fore and middle femora flattened and dilated; fore femur with short and blunt spine near apex; hind tibia with 5���6 lateral black-tipped spines, spinal formula 8 -(9���12)-(9���12). Male genitalia: pygofer (Figs. 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80) short and broad in lateral aspect, ventrally distinctly broader than dorsally, posterior margin excavated apically to accommodate anal tube. Anal tube (Figs. 19, 20, 29, 30, 39, 40, 49, 50, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80) oval and large in dorsal view and short and broad in lateral view. Anal styles usually short and small (Figs. 39, 40, 59, 60, 69, 70, 79, 80) and sometimes relatively large and elongate (Figs. 19, 20, 29, 30). Parameres (Figs. 20���21, 30��� 31, 40���41, 50��� 51, 60���61, 70��� 71, 80���81) with apex rounded and protruded backward, upper margin with dorsally directed, black-tipped process near middle, with ventrally directed, hooklike process near sub-middle on outer upper edge. Aedeagus (Figs. 23���25, 33��� 35, 43���45, 53��� 55, 63���65, 73��� 75, 83���85) elongate and slender, with pair of slender, asymmetrical, phallobasal conjunctival processes apically, processes sclerotized and pigmented apically; phallobase sclerotized and pigmented, with two membranous lobes at apex: one dorsal above phallobase and other ventral below phallobase in lateral view; these lobes usually covered with numerous, pigmented, fine spines at apex. Remarks Species of Saigona can be distinguished from other dictyopharid planthoppers by the combination of the following diagnostic characters: (1) general color ochraceous or fuscous; (2) vertex and most of genae marked with numerous yellowish or pale brown speckles; (3) cephalic process relatively broad and long; (4) vertex with median longitudinal carina obsolete, posterior region obviously higher than pronotum; (5) legs moderately long, fore femur flattened and dilated with a short and blunt spine near apex; (6) aedeagus with a pair of phallobasal conjunctival processes apically and phallobase sclerotized and pigmented, with two membranous lobes apically. Species of Saigona are externally similar to those of Dictyophara Germar, 1833, but can be distinguished from the latter by the diagnostic characters 1, 2, and 5 listed above. In addition, Dictyophara species are usually green or yellowish green (much paler in Saigona species) with vertex and most of genae lacking yellowish or pale brown speckles and fore femora not flattened and dilated, without a spine at apex. Lallemand (1942) described the new genus Piela for a single species, P. singularis Lallemand, 1942 from Mt. Tianmu in Zhejiang Province in southeastern China. Since then, neither the genus nor the species was mentioned in the literature including Metcalf���s (1946) catalogue of the world Dictyopharidae. Our study shows that P. singularis Lallemand, 1942 is conspecific with S. fulgoroides (Walker, 1858) (see Remarks below under S. fulgoroides) and Piela Lallemand is then a new junior synonym of Saigona Matsumura, 1910. Distribution China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, Guangdong, Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Gansu, Shaanxi, Henan, Taiwan, Jilin, Heilongjiang); Korea; Indochina; Japan; Russia (Far Eastern Region)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on pages 28-31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257, {"references":["Matsumura, S. (1910) Monographie der Dictyophorinen Japans. Transactions of the Sapporo Natural History Society, 3, 99 - 113.","Melichar, L. (1912) Monographie der Dictyophorinen (Homoptera). Abhandlungen der K. K. Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft in Wien, 7 (1), 1 - 221. [In German]","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, MASS., 246 pp.","Nast, J. (1972) Palaearctic Auchenorrhyncha (Homoptera). An annotated check list. Polish Scientific Publishers, Warszawa. 550 pp.","Chou, I., Lu, J. - S., Huang, J. & Wang, S. - Z. (1985) Economic Insect Fauna of China. Fasc. 36, Homoptera: Fulgoroidea. Science Press, Beijing, 152 pp. [In Chinese with English summary]","Anufriev, G. A. & Emeljanov, A. F. (1988) Dictyopharidae. Pp. 480 - 483 in: Key to Insects of Soviet Far East 2. Leningrad.","Emeljanov, A. F. (1993) Morphological peculiarities of the larvae of the family Dictyopharidae (Homoptera). 1. General characteristic and a key to genera of the Palaearctic fauna. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie, 72 (4), 794 - 812. [English translation in Entomological Review, 73 (5), 59 - 78, 1994.]","Liang, A. - P. (2001) Taxonomic notes on Oriental and Easter Palaearctic Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 73 (4), 235 - 237.","Matsumura, S. (1905) Thousand Insects of Japan, vol. 2. 1 + 163 + 8 pp., pls. 18 - 35, Keiseisha, Tokyo. [In Japanese.]","Lethierry, L. F. (1878) Homopteres nouveaux d'Europe et des contrees voisines. Deuxieme partie. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 21, 25 - 31.","Walker, F. (1858) List of the specimens of homopterous insects in the collection of the British Museum. Supplement. 307 pp.","Distant, W. L. (1914) Some additions to the genera and species in the homopterous family Fulgoridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (13), 409 - 413.","Distant, W. L. (1906) Rhynchotal notes. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 7 (18), 349 - 356.","Lallemand, V. (1942) Notes sur quelques especes recueillies par Le R. Piel (Musee Heude Shanghai) et Le R. P. de Cooman (Hoa Binh, Tonkin). Notes d'Entomologie Chinoise, 9, 69 - 77. [In French]"]}

Saigona capitata (Distant, 1914) (Figs. 1, 13���15) Neoputala capitata Distant, 1914: 412; Metcalf, 1946: 78. Holotype ��, Indo-China (BMNH) [examined]. Saigona capitata (Distant); Liang, 2001: 236. Redescription ��, BL: 10.3 mm; HL: 3.5 mm; HW: 1.3 mm; FWL: 9.3 mm. General color fuscous, marked with ochraceous and brown. Vertex fuscous, with yellowish spot at apex. Genae mostly fuscous, areas surrounding ocellus and antenna beneath eye yellowish. Frons, postclypeus, anteclypeus, and labrum pale brown. Rostrum pale brown, tip black. Pronotum fuscous, suffused with blackish brown; median carina yellowish; lateral, ventrally curved areas yellowish brown. Mesonotum dark brown, with broad, yellow stripe along median longitudinal carina. Thorax ventrally yellowish, marked with blackish brown. Legs fuscous, marked with pale brown; coxa pale brown; femora and tibiae marked with numerous pale brown speckles; tarsi and claws brown; tips of apical spines on hind tibiae and tarsi black. Abdomen ventrally yellowish, with blackish spots, dorsally dark brown with broad, yellowish, median longitudinal stripe. Head (Figs. 1, 13) long, much longer than pronotum and mesonotum combined. Vertex (Fig. 13) with cephalic process elongate, strongly upturned; median carina very faint, only conspicuous at basal 1 / 5, the remainders faint, lateral carinate margins slightly curved in front of eyes. Frons (Fig. 15) with lateral carinae reaching to frontoclypeal suture. Mesonotum (Figs. 1, 13) with lateral carinae distinct, median carina very faint. Male unknown. Type Material examined Holotype ��, [small round label with red edge] Type H.T., [Distant���s handwriting] Neoputala capitata Dist. Type, Indo-China (R. Vitalis) [underside] Distant Coll. 1911 ��� 222 (BMNH). Other material examined China, Yunnan: 1 ��, Dali, Cangxi, 2100 m, 4.vi. 1998, B. Y. Mao & Z. Z. Yang (DU). Remarks This species is externally similar to S. ussuriensis (Lethierry, 1878) but can be distinguished from the latter by its distinctly elongate cephalic process; frons, clypeus, and labrum concolorous; and frons with lateral carinae reaching to frontoclypeal suture. Distribution Indo-China, southwestern China (Yunnan) (new record). The specimen examined from Yunnan, China in this study represents the first record of this species in China., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping & Song, Zhi-Shun, 2006, Revision of the Oriental and eastern Palaearctic planthopper genus Saigona Matsumura, 1910 (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae), with descriptions of five new species, pp. 25-54 in Zootaxa 1333 on pages 32-33, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.174257, {"references":["Distant, W. L. (1914) Some additions to the genera and species in the homopterous family Fulgoridae. Annals and Magazine of Natural History, 8 (13), 409 - 413.","Metcalf, Z. P. (1946) General catalogue of the Hemiptera, Fasc. IV. Fulgoroidea, Part 8 Dictyopharidae. Smith College, Northampton, MASS., 246 pp.","Liang, A. - P. (2001) Taxonomic notes on Oriental and Easter Palaearctic Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera). Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 73 (4), 235 - 237.","Lethierry, L. F. (1878) Homopteres nouveaux d'Europe et des contrees voisines. Deuxieme partie. Compte Rendu des Seances de la Societe Entomologique de Belgique, 21, 25 - 31."]}

Sphenocratus xinjiangensis Liang, sp. nov. (Figures 1���10) Description Male, brachypterous, nymphlike, length (from apex of cephalic process to tip of genitalia) 3.32���3.52 mm; length of head 0.69���0.72 mm, width (including eyes) 1.09���1.16 mm; length of fore wings 1.70 mm. General color ochraceous, marked with fuscous or brown. Head (Figs. 1���3) short and broad, not produced into a cephalic process. Vertex (Fig. 1) somewhat spatulate anteriorly; anterior margin convex, lateral margins carinate and converging anteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave; median longitudinal carina distinct and complete. Frons (Fig. 2) broad and elongate; anterior margin arched, lateral margins carinate and nearly parallel��sided, posterior margin strongly concave; median longitudinal carina distinct, lateral longitudinal carinae nearly parallel, approaching frontoclypeal suture. Postclypeus (Fig. 2) and anteclypeus convex medially, with a distinct median carina. Rostrum long, reaching beyond hind coxa. Eyes (Figs. 1���3) oval, brown. Ocelli absent. Antennae (Figs. 2, 3) with scape very small; pedicel large and subglobose, with more than 20 distinct sensory plaque organs distributed over entire surface; flagellum long, setuliform. Pronotum (Fig. 1) shorter than mesonotum in middle line; disc broad, area between eyes slightly arched anteriorly, lateral marginal areas straight and sloping, posterior margin nearly straight, scarcely angulate mesially; median longitudinal carina distinct, lateral discal carinae obscure and only elevated anteriorly, lateral pits beyond median longitudinal carina big and distinct. Mesonotum (Fig. 1) inversely triangular, tricarinate on disc; lateral carinae short and indistinct, median carina sharp. Fore wings (Fig. 4) leathery, semihyaline, short and broad, reaching posterior margin of 3 rd abdominal segment, lateral edges curved ventrally; secondary veins sharp, carinate. Legs elongate, fore femur not dilated, without spines near apex; hind tibia with 3���5 lateral spines, spinal formula 7 ���(11���12) ���(11���13). Abdominal tergites (Fig. 1) III���VII with sharp medial carina and lateral carinae. Tergite III each side with 1 sensory pit and tergites IV��VII each side with 5 pits respectively. Male genitalia: pygofer (Figs. 5���7) narrow and high, wider dorsally than ventrally, dorsal posterior margin angularly produced posteriorly in lateral view (Fig. 5); ratio of length of upper margin to lower margin about 1: 3; posterior margin straight and anterior margin broadly arched posteriorly in lateral view; dorsal margin deeply excavated to accommodate anal tube, dorsal lateral margins angularly produced posteriorly in dorsal view (Fig. 5). Anal tube relatively short and small in dorsal view and nearly triangular in lateral view (Figs. 5, 7), outline of apical part ring��like in dorsal view (Fig. 7). Anal style short and broad. Parameres (Figs. 5, 6) relatively elongate, large and broad in ventral view (Fig. 6), apical half expanded and relatively broad in lateral view with dorsal margin with one stout, anterodorsally directed tooth near middle and one smaller, ventrally directed tooth on the inner side of the stout tooth (Fig. 5). Aedeagus (Figs. 5, 8���10) large and stout; phallobase with a pair of sclerotized, pigmented, sword��like processes on venter (Figs. 8, 9) and 3 pairs of membranous, sac��like processes on back (Figs. 5, 8���10): upper pair long and large, produced anteroventrally in lateral view (Figs. 5, 9); middle pair short and small, produced laterally in lateral and dorsal views (Figs. 9, 10) and lower pair small and pigmented, produced anterodorsally in lateral and dorsal views (Figs. 5, 9, 10); phalli distinctly forked over apical half, the two arms diverging laterally and directed posteroventrally in lateral view (Fig. 5), apex pigmented and sclerotized, apical, inner edge of arms with 2 or 3 spinelike processes (Figs. 5, 8, 10). Female: Unknown. Materials examined Holotype: male, Northwestern China: Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Tuoli, 20.VI. 1955 (S.��J. Ma, K.��L. Xia & Y.��L. Chen) (IZCAS). Paratype. 1 male, Northwestern China: same data as holotype (IZCAS). Distribution Northwestern China (Xinjiang). The discovery of this species in Xinjiang Autonomous Region in northwestern China has extended the range of the genus Sphenocratus and the subfamily Orgeriinae southeastward considerably. Remarks This species is related to S. megacephalus (Oshanin, 1879) from Turkestan but can be distinguished from the latter by its distinctly smaller body size and by the minutiae of the male genitalia, especially the aedeagus with the phalli with 2 or 3 spinelike processes on the apical, inner edge of the forked arms (Figs. 5, 8, 10) (also see Mityaev 2002, Fig. 4 ���17��� 19)., Published as part of Liang, Ai-Ping, Song, Zhi-Shun & Jiang, Guo-Mei, 2006, Sphenocratus xinjiangensis Liang, sp. nov., the first authentic record of the dictyopharid subfamily Orgeriinae (Hemiptera: Fulgoroidea: Dictyopharidae) in China, pp. 55-61 in Zootaxa 1296 on pages 57-60, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.173544, {"references":["Oshanin, V. T. (1879) Materials for the study of the fauna of the Hemiptera of Turkestan. Annales de la section du Turkestan de la Societe des Amis des Sciences Naturelles, de l´Anthropologie et de´l Ethnographie, 1, 99 - 163. Separate paged 1 - 65. [In Russian]","Mityaev, I. (2002) Fauna, ecology and zoogeography of leafhoppers (Homoptera, Cicadinea) of Kazakhstan. Tethys Entomological Research, 5, 1 - 168. [In Russian]"]}