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A B S T R A C TAnemia contributes to increased morbidity and mortality in chronic kidney diseasepatients. The pathogenesis of anemia in these patients is multifactorial, but thecontribution of erythropoietin deficiency becomes greater as glomerular filtrationrate declines which related to decreased nephron mass. The current standard ofcare includes supplemental iron, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA), and redblood cell transfusions, although each has drawbacks. Lately, concern has arisenfollowing randomized clinical trials showing that higher hemoglobin targets and/orhigh ESA doses may cause significant harm including increasing cardiovascular andthrombotic events, and even death. Recent experimental and clinical studies showthe promising efficacy of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) stabilizer which stimulatesendogenous erythropoietin production and enhance iron availability.