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Dietary uptake is well known as the predominant pathway of heavy metal bioaccumulation in organisms. Our study used a typical tropical reservoir and fish as a modeling system to test the hypothesis that feeding habits and living habitats significantly affect heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish. Specifically, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in water, sediment, and fish, and δ13C and δ15N in 13 fish species were detected in the Songtao Reservoir of Hainan Province, southern China. Our results indicated that Zn concentration in carnivorous fish was higher than in omnivorous fish. Principal components analysis visually differentiated pelagic, benthopelagic, and demersal fish groups. Moreover, we found that the fish feeding in the demersal habitat showed higher heavy metal levels than those in the pelagic habitat. Additionally, the heavy metal contents in demersal fish were significantly positively correlated with sediments, while no positive correlation was observed in pelagic-feeding fish. The δ15N and the concentration of Ni, Zn in fish had a significantly positive correlation, suggesting the potential biomagnification. In contrast, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Cd negatively correlated with fish body weight/length, indicating the growth dilution effects. Finally, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals was far below the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), and target hazard quotients (THQ) were <1.0, indicating that the fish had no risk for consumption risks. Overall, our finding partially validated the hypothesis that the feeding habits and living habitats significantly influence heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish, which might be a broad generality for metal exposure scenarios in aquatic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the potential health risks linked to four heavy metals/metalloids (Pb, Cd, As, Hg) present in four commercially important fish species (Scombromorus commerson, Pseudorhombus elevatus, Thunnus tonggol and Otolithes ruber) in the Persian Gulf. Metals in fish muscle tissue were analyzed via ICP-MS. The analysis revealed that Scombromorus commerson (except for Pb) and Thunnus tonggol (except for As) exhibited the highest and lowest contamination levels, respectively. The Hazard Index findings highlighted arsenic and mercury as the most hazardous elements. However, the Target Hazard Quotient values for each metal and fish species remained within safe thresholds. The highest and lowest Total Carcinogenic Risk was concerning Pseudorhombus elevates (As: 7.41-E05), and Thunnus thonggol (Pb: 3.21-E07), respectively. TCR analysis suggests that the cancer risk of studied metals was below the negligible level (TCR < 10−6) or within the acceptable level (10−6 < TCR < 10−4), potentially not posing carcinogenic risks through extended consumption. [Display omitted] • Pb and Hg exhibit the highest concentrations in the tissues of the species. • Pseudorhombus elevatus had the highest concentration of heavy metals (except for Pb). • Thunnus thonggol had the lowest concentration of heavy metals (except for As). • The highest and lowest TCR: Pseudorhombus elevatus (As: 7.41-E05), and Thunnus thonggol (Pb: 3.21-E07). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary uptake is well known as the predominant pathway of heavy metal bioaccumulation in organisms. Our study used a typical tropical reservoir and fish as a modeling system to test the hypothesis that feeding habits and living habitats significantly affect heavy metal bioaccumulation in fish. Specifically, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb concentrations in water, sediment, and fish, and δ13C and δ15N in 13 fish species were detected in the Songtao Reservoir of Hainan Province, southern China. Our results indicated that Zn concentration in carnivorous fish was higher than in omnivorous fish. Principal components analysis visually differentiated pelagic, benthopelagic, and demersal fish groups. Moreover, we found that the fish feeding in the demersal habitat showed higher heavy metal levels than those in the pelagic habitat. Additionally, the heavy metal contents in demersal fish were significantly positively correlated with sediments, while no positive correlation was observed in pelagic-feeding fish. The δ15N and the concentration of Ni, Zn in fish had a significantly positive correlation, suggesting the potential biomagnification. In contrast, Ni, Fe, Cu, and Cd negatively correlated with fish body weight/length, indicating the growth dilution effects. Finally, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of the metals was far below the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI), and target hazard quotients (THQ) were

Fish is one of the most important sources of protein for human nutrition and health. Therefore, the monitoring of heavy metals accumulation in commercial fish is always important. In the present study, the accumulation of heavy metals (copper and lead) in muscle tissue and their potential hazards for consumers in three species of high-consumption fish in the south of the country (BandarAbas), namely black-spot snapper (Lutjanus ehrenbergi), javelin grunter (Pomdasys kaakan) and Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei) was examined. The average concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of copper snapper, grunter and halibut were 0.078±0.017, 0.136±0.025, and 0.127±0.013, respectively, while the accumulation of lead in them was 0.079±0.018, 0.090±023, and 0.107±0.031, respectively. The highest daily intake (µg/ kg body weight/ day) of copper was equal to 0.023 and due to consumption of grunter, while the highest daily intake of lead was obtained due to consumption of halibut and equal to 0.018. The daily and weekly intake of both metals and all three fish species was less than the EPA reference dose and tolerable intake (TDI) values provided by the FAO / WHO Joint Commission. The risk level of target hazard quotient (THQ) calculated for both metals was significantly lower than 1. The results showed that the urban communities of Hormozgan province with the calculated consumption are not exposed to any risk due to the accumulation of heavy metals studied in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to estimate anthropogenic sources of pollutants such as heavy metals that pollute or poison the commercial marine finfish and shellfish present around the Ennore coastal area and to identify, quantify and manage the associated risks for the betterment of society. The levels of toxic heavy metal concentrations from monitoring and surveillance of copper, chromium, cadmium, mercury, lead and zinc heavy metals were estimated from water, sediment and commercial marine finfish and shellfish samples that were collected for study. The individual mean bioaccumulation index (IMBI) and Metal Pollution Index (MPI) values varied between finfish and shellfish. Target hazard quotient (THQ) index values were calculated, and copper and zinc were found to be elevated at levels affecting children in particular. Thus, efforts are urgently needed to resolve the current and potential risks associated with the negative impact of heavy metal intake from seafood on human health. This study attempts to identify levels of metal contamination and corresponding risk factors with regard to human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five heavy metals/metalloids and related potential health risks were investigated in three commercially important fish species ( Anodontostoma chacunda , Belangerii, and Cynoglossurs arel) in Musa Estuary and Mahshahr Harbour of the Persian Gulf. A total of 116 fish samples were collected, and their liver and muscle organs were separately analyzed using ICP-MS. Results revealed that studied metals concentrations (with some exceptions) varied among sampling stations, fish species and their organs. Human health risk is evaluated using different indices. The results indicated that arsenic and mercury are the most hazardous elements. Estimated daily intake (EDI) for the metals exceeded the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) for all studied fish species. Also, target risk (TR) of arsenic indicated that consumption over a long period of time may result in a carcinogenic effect. The results are expected to create awareness among the public on the safety of consuming food products grown in particular areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the most of the fish consumed in the Kathmandu Valley are brought from commercial farms in the Terai region of Nepal and some from India, the quality characteristics of such fishes are foremost importance. Therefore, this study was carried out to provide the information on heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of nine commercial fish species available in the markets of Kathmandu Valley and to make people aware of the possible health risk associated with their consumption. The concentrations of Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), Cadmium (Cd), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn) and Chromium (Cr) were determined in the muscles of Catla catla, Pampus species, Puntius chola, Eutropiichthys vacha, Pampus chinensis, Clarias batrachus, Labeo bata, Labeo rohita and Mystus tengara. The levels of heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples using the heating digester. There were significant variations among heavy metal levels in the muscles of the nine fish species, and no fish types had the highest levels of more than two metals. First, three maximum mean concentrations of potentially toxic elements were found 16.75 μg/g in Puntius chola, 12.13 μg/g in Eutropiichthys vacha, 11.63 μg/g in Catla catla for lead; 1.45 μg/g in Puntius chola, 1.35 μg/g in Pampus species and 1.15 μg/g in Mystus tengara for cadmium; and 1.01 μg/g in Eutropiichthys vacha, 0.76 μg/g in Pampus species, 0.65 μg/g in Pampus chinensis for arsenic. Similarly, first three maximum mean concentrations of essential elements were found 9.88 μg/g in Puntius chola, 7.63 μg/g in Clarias batrachus, 5.75 μg/g in Catla catla for manganese; 89.75 μg/g in Clarias batrachus, 68.37 μg/g in Catla catla, 65.38 μg/g in Puntius chola for zinc; and 14.63 μg/g in Clarias batrachus, 13.13 μg/g in Pampus species, 10.50 μg/g in Labeo rohita for chromium. The results showed that the heavy metals were found to be higher mean concentrations in the sample of Puntius chola, then in Catla catla, Pampus species and Clarias batrachus respectively; whereas they were found to be lower mean concentration in Eutropiichthys vacha, Pampus chinensis, Labeo bata, Labeo rohita and Mystus tengara correspondingly. The total mean concentration of manganese, lead and chromium in all fish samples was found to be higher than the limits permitted by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations/World Health Organization (WHO) whereas the mean concentration of zinc and cadmium was found lower than the permissible level of FAO/WHO, National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) and Malaysian Food and Regulations (MFR) guidelines. Similarly, the total mean concentration of cadmium was also found to be lower than the permissible level of Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (CEFAS), Boletin Oficial del Estado (BOE), NHMRC, European Community Regulation (EU) and MRF in all fish samples. The total mean level of lead was found lower than BOE guidelines. Likewise, the total mean level of chromium was found slightly exceeded over limits suggested by the European Economic Community (EEC). This study showed that all the fish samples examined were found to contain some heavy metals above the FAO/WHO standard levels which may cause problems on the human health. At last, this research work suggests that fish consumers should always bear in mind that standards cannot provide a margin of safety when they are not enforced locally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to provide information on heavy metal concentrations in the muscles of six commercial fish species available in Gaza Strip markets and to evaluate the possible risk associated with their consumption. The concentrations of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) were determined in the muscles of Merluccius hubbsi, Micropogonias furnieri, Pangasius hypothalamus, Oreochromis niloticus, Sparus aurata and Mugil cephalus. The levels of heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion of the samples using kjldahl heating digester. There were great variations among heavy metal levels in the muscles of the six fish species. M. cephalus accumulated the highest levels of Cu, Mn and Ni, while the highest levels of Zn, Cd and Pb were detected in M. furnieri. The heavy metal concentrations found in muscles varied for Cu: 0.251-0.907, Zn: 3.705-20.535, Mn: 0.376- 0.834, Ni: 0.453-0.978 and Pb: Nd-0.552 μg/g wet weight. Cadmium was only detected in M. furnieri (0.09 μg/g wet wt). The estimated levels of all metals in the present study were lower than the limits permitted by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization (FAO/WHO), European Community Regulation (EU), the United Kingdom Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (MAFF), Turkish and Saudi guidelines. Lead and cadmium concentrations in M. furnieri however, exceeded the permissible limits in fish proposed by European Commission (EC). The estimated daily intakes (EDI) of all metals (lg/day/person) through consumption of the fish species by Palestinian people in the Gaza Strip were well below the permissible tolerable daily intake for 70 kg person (PTDI70) set by FAO/WHO. Therefore, it can be concluded that no problems on human health would be raised at present from the consumption of commercial fish from the Gaza Strip markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most investigations on heavy metals content in fish were either conducted on single markets, ports, seaside markets or direct sampling from natural habitat, and there were very few studies done on fish samples from both wet markets and supermarkets. This paper presents the assessment outcome of Cd and Pb levels in commercial fish sold between wet markets and supermarkets in Klang Valley, Malaysia. In this study, the organs of four commercial fish species (Rastrellinger kanagurta, Epinephelus sexfasciatus, Lates calcarifer, and Decapterus maruadsi) sampled from different markets within the sampling area were assessed using dry ashing-acid digestion method and Flame AAS. Results obtained concluded that Cd and Pb in fishes sampled from supermarkets are generally higher compared to wet markets, while both metals content in the edible organs fall well within the permissible limits for human consumption when compared to the Fourteenth Schedule of the Malaysian Food Regulations 1985. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment of contaminant exposure in marine organisms often focuses on the most toxic chemical elements from upper trophic level species. Information on mid-trophic level species and particularly on potentially less harmful elements is lacking. Additionally, microplastics have been considered emergent contaminants in aquatic environments which have not been extensively studied in species from mid-trophic levels in food chains. This study aims to contribute to an overall assessment of environmental impacts of such chemicals in a community of small pelagic fish in the North Atlantic. The concentrations of 16 chemical elements, rarely simultaneously quantified (including minerals, trace elements and heavy metals), and the presence of microplastics were analysed in sardines (Sardina pilchardus) and mackerels (Scomber spp. and Trachurus trachurus) sampled along the Portuguese coast. Biochemical stress assessments and stable isotope analyses were also performed. The chemical element concentrations in S. pilchardus, T. trachurus , and Scomber spp. were relatively low and lower than the levels reported for the same species in the North Atlantic and adjacent areas. No clear relationships were found between chemical elements and oxidative damage in fish. However, the concentration of several chemical elements showed differences among species, being related with the species' habitat use, trophic niches, and specific feeding strategies. The presence of plastic pieces in the stomachs of 29% of the sampled fishes is particularly concerning, as these small pelagic fish from mid-trophic levels compose a significant part of the diet of humans and other top predators. This study highlights the importance of multidisciplinary approaches focusing on the individual, including position data, stable isotopes, and oxidative stress biomarkers as complementary tools in contamination assessment of the marine mid-trophic levels in food chains. [Display omitted] • All 16 chemical elements analysed presented low concentrations in fish muscle. • No relationships between oxidative stress and element concentrations were found. • The variation in elements was related with habitat use and feeding strategies. • Microplastics were found in 29% of sampled fish (1.13 ± 0.35 per contaminated fish). • Sardines presented larger plastic pieces when compared to mackerel species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]