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Laminar natural convection from a horizontal isothermal square cylinder is numerically investigated. The study covered a range of Rayleigh number, Ra from 10 3 to 10 6 . A computer program is developed to solve the continuity, momentum and thermal energy equations together with their boundary conditions by using a finite volume method. Streamlines and isotherms were generated to describe the flow around the square cylinder. The local and average Nusselt numbers are calculated and plotted over the four sides of the square cylinder. The numerical results were correlated and compared with previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laminar natural and mixed convection heat transfer from an isothermal horizontal square cylinder was experimentally studied. The study includes the design and construction of a test rig to fulfill the research requirements. The natural convection experiments were established for three different side lengths of the square cylinder (25, 30 and 40 mm) which in atmospheric air give Grashof numbers, Gr of 9.895 × 10 4 , 1.499 × 10 5 and 4.388 × 10 5 . For mixed convection, using the three cylinders, Reynolds number, Re ranged from 48 to 670, and the attack angle, Ψ from 0° to 180° with steps of 30°. The experimental results gave the effects of Grashof, Reynolds and Richardson numbers on the average Nusselt number for air ( Pr = 0.7). The experimental results were correlated and compared with previous work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]