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Heat transfer is an important phenomenon in the industrial sector. Thus, the simulation is made to compute the distribution of heat in a rectangular channel in this paper. A heated rod is inserted at the center of the rectangular channel. The fluid flowing in the rectangular channel is considered to be a viscous fluid. Navier–Stokes equations of motion for laminar flow are used. The medium for the fluid motion is considered to be a porous medium. Heat transfer is computed for nonlinear two-dimensional incompressible and unsteady flows. The Fourier's law of heat conduction is used for the transmission of heat in the rectangular channel. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is applied to the solution of the problem. For different values of the permeability parameter, Prandtl number and Rayleigh number, the graphic solution for the velocity and temperature fields is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theoretical analysis of heat transfer plays a vital role in updating the quality of heat exchanger products. Experiments cost more compared to computational costs. In this direction, this work is concerned with the unsteady and incompressible fluid flow with a rod inside a square cavity. The disturbance in the flow is induced by the motion of the top and bottom walls of the cavity. The maximum fluid flow will arise, which will help in reducing the temperature of the heated wall or rod in any physical situation. A single wall is considered to be heated, which produces heat in the neighboring fluid layers. A rod is placed to reduce the motion of the heated fluid coming from the heated wall at a high-temperature. The transmission of thermal energy along with fluid flow is carried out using the energy equation and the Navier–Stokes equation of motion, respectively. These equations are transformed to dimensionless form by appropriate parametrization and solved using the finite element method for different parameters such as Rayleigh number and Prandtl number, temperature and velocity fields and are presented graphically [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A heat exchanger is a device that transmits heat energy from one object to another, or within the same object. Examples of heat exchanger include a boiler, an oven and a cooker. Experimental techniques for testing these devices make it more costly and time-consuming. Consequently, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can manage heat exchanger systems and their performance with ease. The actual impacts of what is being examined may then be predicted computationally which yields a precise output with approximate results. The designed geometry includes a rectangular duct with an inlet, outlet and two obstacles of equal height. The Navier–Stokes equations for the fluid flow are used. During the meshing process, the continuous geometric space of an item is divided into thousands or more forms, which helps to correctly identify the object's physical shape. The desired model is computed numerically. Finite volume method (FVM) is used to study the results at a low Reynolds number (around 2. 3 × 1 0 6). The goal is to theoretically analyze the transmission of heat and fluid resistance to the flow. The CFD findings with experimental data are compared to confirm the model predictions. A CFD model based on the FVM and experimental data from a flow cell is used to study how fluid moves through ducts. This study focuses on the pressure, velocity and temperature fields of a fluid moving through a rectangular duct. As the top wall fluid temperature rises, the temperature distribution changes. Increasing fluid flow declines the temperature distribution. Temperature distribution grows with duct heat flow. As the flow rate rises, so does dispersion. Furthermore, as flow rate and velocity distribution drop, pressure distribution rises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids have gained significant attention in recent years due their great potential for heat transfer enhancement . The heat transfer of nanofluids can be numerically studied using a single-phase or two-phase approaches. The first assumes that the fluid phase and nanoparticles are in thermal equilibrium and move with the same velocity, while the second requires more computational effort but provides the possibility of understanding the behavior of both fluid phase and solid particles in the heat transfer mechanism. This paper reviews various computational approaches to predict fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids. The characteristics of single-phase and two-phase (volume of fluid, mixture, Eulerian–Lagrangian and Eulerian–Eulerian) approaches have been analyzed and discussed systematically. Latest development and recent researches related to the computational nanofluids are also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]