1. An effective predictor of the dynamic operation of latent heat thermal energy storage units based on a non-linear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs.
- Author
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Saikia, Pranaynil, Bastida, Héctor, and Ugalde-Loo, Carlos E.
- Subjects
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HEAT storage , *LATENT heat , *STANDARD deviations , *HEAT transfer fluids , *LINEAR network coding - Abstract
Thermal networks require thermal energy storage (TES) provisions for balancing thermal energy sources with variable consumer demand. Harvesting ice is an economical option for latent heat TES systems in cooling networks given the wide availability of the storage medium. This paper presents an artificial intelligence (AI) based model to monitor the state-of-charge (SoC) and the outlet temperature of the heat transfer fluid (T o) of an ice tank under fluctuating operating conditions. The AI model is a non-linear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) that was trained and tested with datasets obtained from experimental measurements of a practical ice tank and a physics-based model of the tank. The NARX model was sensitised with physics-informed attributes to recognise different heating and cooling zones. The model exhibits a high accuracy in predicting the operating conditions of the ice tank when benchmarked against both experimental measurements of a practical tank and outputs from the physics-based model. For instance, it achieves R 2 values of 0.9943 and 0.9842 for SoC and T o , with root mean square errors of 1.73% for SoC and 0.3161°C for T o. The NARX model is 86% faster than its physics-based counterpart and its implementation requires limited computational resources—making it suitable as a standalone estimator for the TES operation and the accelerated simulation of energy systems containing latent heat TES units. Furthermore, given the limited availability of NARX models in open-source libraries, the presented NARX model and relevant datasets have been made available alongside this paper to contribute to open-science in energy research and the broader AI community. [Display omitted] • The state of a TES unit is continuously quantified with a non-intrusive NARX model. • The NARX model trained on physics-based data replicates the real system's response. • Heating zone-wise segregation of prediction tasks boosts the model's accuracy. • The NARX model is 86% faster than a physics-based model built for fast computation. • Limited public availability of a NARX model is addressed by code and data sharing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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