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Chilling requirements of temperate fruit species may vary substantially depending on the climatic conditions where they grow. In addition, in a climate change context, a precise knowledge of these requirements and their effect on productivity is critical for choosing the best suited cultivars to assure long-term adaptation under low-chill environments. To date most studies circumvented the analysis of productivity when assessing chilling requirements in different climatic conditions. Thus, the chilling and heat requirements of different sweet cherry cultivars ( Prunus avium L.) for breaking dormancy, flowering and fruit set were investigated in two contrasted growing areas in Tunisia: Ain-Drahem (800 m above sea level) and Tibar (328 m above sea level). Additionally, we evaluated several parameters to assess the productivity under these two different conditions. Low chill cultivars showed a higher fruit set in both locations suggesting a better adaption to warm-winter conditions. This three-year study establishes the basis of sweet cherry adaptation under two contrasted locations in Northern Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]