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High entropy alloys (HEAs) have attracted significant attention from researchers in academia and industry due to their various applications. They are effectively utilized in the manufacturing industry and find extensive use in nuclear technology to enhance radiation shielding properties. In this research article, a novel alloy composition called Co20Cr20Fe20Ni20Ag20 was fabricated using the mechanical milling process. Several characterization methods, such as Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy-Dispersive Spectroscopy, x-Ray Diffraction, and Differential Thermal Analysis Calorimetry, were employed. It was observed that the crystal size decreased as the alloying time increased, and the synthesized alloy exhibited thermal stability across a wide temperature range. Additionally, radiation shielding parameters were experimentally determined using a 137Cs source and a NaI(Tl) detector system. The obtained results indicate that HEAs possess excellent radiation shielding properties and hold promise for applications in the radiation industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utilization of ceramic aerogels is crucial in spacecraft thermal protection systems that necessitate exceptional high-temperature stability, mechanical robustness, and low thermal conductivity. The primary challenges hindering their implementation encompass inadequate mechanical robustness and high infrared radiation transparency. Herein, a biphasic nanorod encapsulation strategy is proposed to fabricate an Al 2 O 3 -TiO 2 nanorod aerogel (ATNA) with a hierarchical and anisotropic microstructure. The biphasic nanorod structure not only reduces the radiation heat transfer but also enhances the mechanical properties simultaneously. The primary compressive strain was borne by the intersecting Al 2 O 3 nanorods, while the interpenetrated TiO 2 nanorods served to reinforce and withstand partial stress at the joints. The ATNAs obtained exhibit an ultralow thermal conductivity (0.069 W·m−1·K−1 at 1100 °C), exceptional high stiffness (a specific compressive strength of 13.4 kN·m·kg−1), and remarkable thermal stability (1400 °C in air). The robust ATNAs can effectively meet the urgent demand for thermal insulation in high-temperature environments. • A biphasic nanorod encapsulation strategy is proposed to fabricate the Al2O3/ TiO2 ceramic aerogels. • Aerogels possessing the anisotropic and hierarchical structure. • The surface of Al2O3 nanorods is coated with TiO2 nanorods, which effectively absorb and reflect infrared heat radiation. • The derived aerogels exhibit high stiffness, low thermal conductivity and remarkable thermal stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focused on developing microstructural, thermal, and radiation shielding changes in Al50Si25B25 powders using mechanical alloying techniques. Based on the x‐ray powder diffraction data, the crystallite size and microstrain of the 100‐hours milled powder were calculated as 0.25 nm and 50.33 %, respectively. The solubility of silicon in the α‐aluminium matrix increased with longer mechanical alloying duration. Transmission electron microscope analyses further showed that the alloy particulates had an average size of 3 μm and an average grain size of 0.226 nm. The radiation shielding properties of the Al50Si25B25 powders indicated that the Linear Attenuation Coefficient value increased from 0.0554±0.1689 cm−1 to 1.0632±0.2425 cm−1 with an increase in the thickness of the Al50Si25B25 alloy. This work successfully demonstrated the potential of mechanical alloying techniques to enhance the microstructural and thermal properties of Al50Si25B25 powders. It highlighted their effectiveness in providing radiation shielding capabilities when varying the thickness of the alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examines the flow of incompressible Casson fluid with gyrotactic microorganisms and thermophoretic particle deposition across a sheet, incorporating a nonlinear heat source and the convective boundary conditions. Our motivation stems from the need to optimize heat transfer in renewable energy systems and improve thermal regulation in aerospace engineering, which could inform advancements in heat shield design. The impact of this study extends to renewable energy, aiding heat transfer optimization, and in aerospace engineering, it may inform heat shield design. Medical imaging, chemical engineering and environmental remediation benefit from insights into the fluid behavior and particle transport. Based on heat source and thermophoretic particle deposition, this work investigates the concentration, temperature flow and microorganism distributions. Using suitable similarity variables, all equations for the proposed flow are converted into ODEs. The reduced equations are evaluated using the RKF45 method. The impacts of significant parameters on temperature, concentration, microbiological and flow profiles are determined with the support of graphs. The thermal and concentration distributions are improved with an increase in the thermal radiation, heat generation and magnetic parameter. This study enhances knowledge across disciplines including healthcare diagnostics, chemical engineering and ecological restoration by offering fresh perspectives on the dynamics of fluid movement and the transportation of particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the optimization of critical parameters in the Czochralski (CZ) crystal growth process, a key technique in semiconductor device manufacturing. The CZ system involves the melting of high-purity polycrystalline silicon and controlled growth of a single-crystal ingot. This process relies on key variables such as the thermal shield thickness, shield gap size, cooling jacket length, crucible dimensions, and rotation speed. A computational model was applied to simulate heat transfer, fluid flow, and radiation heat exchange within the CZ system. The model was validated using experimental data, which demonstrated its precision in predicting crystal-front deflection and heater power. The results highlight the substantial impact of increasing the thermal shield thickness on the crystal-pulling speed and uniformity. Greater cooling jacket lengths increased the cooling rate, which increased the pulling speed, although more heater power was required. The shield gap size had negligible effects, and variations in the heater power ratio showed minimal impact. The optimal combination of parameters led to significantly improved crystal-pulling speed and reduced power consumption, making it a compelling choice for enhanced CZ crystal growth in semiconductor manufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, (La 0.2 Gd 0.2 Y 0.2 Sm 0.2 Ce 0.2) 2 Zr 2 O 7 ((LGYSC)ZO)), as a new type of thermal barrier coating material, was designed and synthesized. The lattice structure, microstructure, optical, thermophysical, and mechanical properties of the (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxide were also investigated. The results showed that a phase-pure pyrochlore-structure (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxide, which has a uniform elemental distribution at high temperatures, was successfully synthesized. In addition, the UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectra results show that (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxide has direct and indirect bandgap widths of 3.10eν and 2.51eν, respectively. Infrared (IR) spectra of (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxide patterns were measured. The infrared spectra results show that the (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxide has better high temperature thermal radiation shielding performance than yttria stabilized zirconia(YSZ). According to the measured result by laser flash method, the thermal conductivity of (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxide is at range from 1.18 W m−1 K−1 to 1.37 W m−1 K−1 in the temperature regime from 200 °C to 1000 °C after porosity correction. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxides is at range from about 7.79 × 10−6 k−1 to 11.1 × 10−6 k−1 corresponding temperature from 90 °C to 1000 °C. The mechanical properties of (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxides were also investigated, and the hardness and fracture toughness of (LGYSC)ZO high-entropy oxide were 6.61 GPa and 1.27 MPa m1/2, respectively. Therefore, the results indicate that (LGYSC)ZO has excellent properties as a promising thermal barrier coating material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microwave and infrared–thermal radiation-compatible shielding fabrics represent an important direction in the development of wearable protective fabrics. Nevertheless, effectively and conveniently integrating compatible shielding functions into fabrics while maintaining breathability and moisture permeability remains a significant challenge. Here, we take hydrophilic PVA-co-PE nanofibrous film-coated PET fabric (NFs/PET) as a flexible substrate and deposit a dielectric/conductive (SiO2/Al) bilayer film via magnetron sputtering. This strategy endows the fabric surface with high electrical conductivity, nanoscale roughness comparable to visible and infrared waves, and a dielectric–metal contact interface possessing localized plasmon resonance and Mie scattering effects. The results demonstrate that the optimized SiO2/Al/NFs/PET composite conductive fabric (referred to as S4-1) possesses favorable X-band electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (50 dB) as well as excellent long-wave infrared (LWIR) shielding or IR stealth performance (IR emissivity of 0.60). Notably, the S4-1 fabric has a cooling effect of about 12.4 °C for a heat source (80 °C) and an insulating effect of about 17.2 °C for a cold source (−20 °C), showing excellent shielding capability for heat conduction and heat radiations. Moreover, the moisture permeability of the S4-1 fabric is about 300 g/(m2·h), which is better than the requirement concerning moisture permeability for wearable fabrics (≥2500–5000 g/(m2·24 h)), indicating excellent heat and moisture comfort. In short, our fabrics have lightweight, thin, moisture-permeable and excellent shielding performance, which provides novel ideas for the development of wearable multi-band shielding fabrics applied to complex electromagnetic environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Topologically interlocking architectures have demonstrated the potential to create durable ceramics with desirable thermo-mechanical properties. However, designing such materials poses challenges due to the intricate design space, rendering traditional modeling approaches ineffective and impractical. This paper presents a novel approach to designing high-performance architectured ceramics by integrating machine learning (ML) techniques and finite element analysis (FEA) data. The design space of interlocked architectured ceramics encompasses tiles with varying angles and sizes. The study considers three configurations 3 × 3 , 5 × 5 , and 7 × 7 arrays of tiles with five sets of interlocking angles (5 ∘ , 10 ∘ , 15 ∘ , 20 ∘ , a n d 25 ∘). By training ML models, specifically convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and multilayer perceptrons (MLPs) using FEA simulation data, we establish correlations between architectural parameters and thermo-mechanical characteristics. A grid comprising all possible designs was generated to predict high-performance architectured ceramics. This grid was then fed into the networks that were trained using results from the FEA simulation. The predicted results for all possible interpolated designs are utilized to determine the optimal structure among the configurations. The goal is to identify the optimal interlocked ceramics that minimize the out-of-plane deformation for thermal shielding and maximize heat absorption for heat sink applications. To validate the performance of the outcomes, FEA simulations were conducted on the best predictions obtained from both the MLP and CNN algorithms. Despite the limited amount of available simulation data, our networks demonstrate effectiveness in predicting the transient thermo-mechanical responses of potential panel designs. Notably, the optimal design predicted by CNN led to ≈ 30 % improvement in edge temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Asymmetrically optical surfaces integrate radiative cooling and thermal insulation. • Interfaces-engineered nanofabric achieves ∼12.8℃ cooling and ∼7℃ thermal insulation. • Opposite wettability imparts nanofabric with directional sweat transferring capacity. • Synergistic thermal-wetting regulation can be achieved by simple interface inversion. All-weather personal thermal regulation has far been challenged by variable environments especially the regulatory failure caused by highly-dense solar radiation, low environmental radiation and the fluctuated epidermal moisture in different seasons. Herein, from the design of interface selectivity, dual-asymmetrically optical and wetting selective polylactic acid-based (PLA) Janus-type nanofabric is proposed to achieve on-demand radiative cooling and heating as well as sweat transportation. Hollow TiO 2 particles are introduced in PLA nanofabric causing high interface scattering (∼99%) and infrared emission (∼91.2%) as well as surface hydrophobicity (CA > 140°). The strictly optical and wetting selectivity help achieve ∼12.8℃ of net cooling effect under > 1500 W/m2 of solar power and ∼5℃ of cooling advantage higher than cotton fabric and sweat resistance simultaneously. Contrarily, the semi-embedded Ag nanowires (AgNWs) with high conductivity (0.245 Ω/sq) endows the nanofabric with visible water permeability and excellent interface reflection for thermal radiation from body (>65%) thus causing ∼7℃ of thermal shielding. Through simple interface flipping, synergistical cooling-sweat reducing and warming-sweat resisting can be achieved to satisfy the thermal regulation in all weather. Compared with conventional fabrics, multi-functional Janus-type passive personal thermal management nanofabrics would be of great significance to achieve the personal health maintenance and energy sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the operation temperature of next generation gas turbine is targeted to be 1800 °C toward a higher efficiency and lower carbon emission, the near‐infrared (NIR) thermal radiation becomes a major concern for the durability of the metallic turbine blades. Although thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) are applied to provide thermal insulations, they are translucent to the NIR radiation. It is a major challenge for TBCs to achieve optically thick with limited physical thickness (usually < 1 mm) for effectively shielding the NIR radiation damage. Here, an NIR metamaterial is reported, where a Gd2Zr2O7 ceramic matrix is randomly dispersed with microscale Pt (0.53 vol%) nanoparticles with a size of 100–500 nm. Attenuated by the Gd2Zr2O7 matrix, a broadband NIR extinction is achieved through the red‐shifted plasmon resonance frequencies and higher‐order multipole resonances of the Pt nanoparticles. A very high absorption coefficient of ≈3 × 104 m−1, approaching the Rosseland diffusion limit for a typical coating thickness, minimizes the radiative thermal conductivity to ≈10−2 W m−1 K−1 and successfully shields the radiative heat transfer. This work suggests that constructing a conductor/ceramic metamaterial with tunable plasmonics could be a strategy to shield NIR thermal radiation for high temperature applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low cooling density of RC technology makes it challenging to meet the cooling requirements of buildings, particularly during the day with intense solar radiation. To address this challenge, a novel RC module coupled with a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC-RC module) was proposed. In this paper, a universal modelling approach is used to characterize the cooling performance of CPC-RC module, showing 18.1% higher than that of flat module during nighttime. However, the CPC's solar concentrating characteristic impacts the RC emitter's daytime performance. To tackle this issue, exploring the optimal tilt angle of CPC-RC module on typical days to eliminate the influence of solar concentrating property is needed. The results indicate that on 21st June, average cooling power of 121.29 W/m2 is achieved when the module is tilted 25° to the anti-sunward side, 15.7% higher than the module placed horizontally. Additionally, this paper shows that the cooling performance of CPC-RC module with non-ideal emitter is still higher than that of flat one, demonstrating CPC's ability to mitigate the rigorous spectral requirements for emitters. This CPC-RC module offers good cooling effect and shows its great potential for integration into buildings, offering a new research direction for the wider application of RC technology. • Radiative sky cooling modules based on compound parabolic concentrator (CPC-RC). • CPC acts as a solar or adverse thermal radiation shield throughout the day. • CPC-RC module alleviates the strict spectral selectivity demand for RC materials. • Summer cooling flux at optimal tilt configuration is 15.7 % higher than tilting 0°. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear comfort of Al2O3/ATO (antimony tin oxide, Sb2SnO5)/TiO2-embedded fabrics was examined in terms of the heat shielding property of ATO particles and emissivity of far-infrared (FIR) radiation according to the sheath/core ratio (wt. %) of Al2O3 and ATO particles embedded in the sheath/core yarns. The thermal radiation of the low-core-ratio (50 wt. %) Al2O3/ATO-embedded fabric was greater than that of the high-core-ratio (70 wt. %) Al2O3/ATO-embedded fabric, which was verified by the higher FIR emissivity. The heat-shielding effect of the ATO particles in the highly Al2O3/ATO-embedded yarns enabled it to shield the FIR emitted from sunlight, resulting in lower emissivity and emissive power of the highly embedded Al2O3/ATO yarn than lower embedded yarn. Accordingly, lower Al2O3/ATO-embedded yarns are required to obtain excellent thermal radiation of the fabrics. The fabric with a low core ratio (50 wt. %) exhibited superior moisture absorption, fast-drying properties, and a higher heat retention rate than fabrics with a high core ratio (70 wt. %). Furthermore, the fabric with a low core ratio exhibited superior breathability to the fabric with a high core ratio, resulting in easy moisture vapor permeability. These findings show that the fabric with a low core ratio (50%) of Al2O3/ATO particles imparts superior absorption, moisture vapor permeability, and thermal wear comfort to the high-core-ratio fabric (70%), giving it a comfortable wear-comfort feel while wearing the clothing. Hence, low-core-ratio yarn is suitable for warm-up fabric with UV-protection and anti-static characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In view of the practical demands and mechanistic conflicts between microwave absorption and heat shielding compatibility, a double‐layer composite coating based on moth‐eyed hexagonal anti‐reflective structure is prepared by combining the advantages of metamaterials and coatings. The hexagonal periodic sequential configuration of the upper infrared shield layer (IRSL) can break the continuity of the electric field, induce a networked concentration of the surface current and internal electric field of the microwave absorption layer, thus optimizing the impedance matching and counteract the attenuated absorption performance due to the high dielectric IRSL. In addition, the emissivity of IRSL can be tuned artificially by changing the filler composition and particle size. The structural double‐layer composite coatings have a maximum effective absorption (reflection loss←10 dB) bandwidth of 7.4 GHz in the SKu bands at deep subwavelength thickness, while the infrared emissivity is 0.292. This work provides a novel approach for multispectral modulation in the field of advanced compatible protection systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The inspiration was obtained from the unique morphology of the columnar cactus prickle-like structure. Biomimetic fiber with a "double network" capability of reflecting heat radiation was prepared by electrospinning and hydrothermal methods. Among them, the first reflective network was TiO 2 nanorods grown in-situ on the fiber surface, and the second reflective network was TiO 2 particles embedded in the fiber. The bionic fiber was added to SiC aerogel as reinforcement to build composite aerogel. The results displayed that the "double network" reflecting ability of the bionic fiber can effectively shield the heat radiation conduction and thus reduce the effective thermal conductivity of the composite aerogel. The TiO 2 nanorods of the fiber surface not only reflected the heat radiation but also enhanced the fiber/aerogel interface bonding. In addition, the composite aerogel exhibited low thermal conductivity, high ablation resistance and high compressive strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porous MgAl2O4 ceramics designated as THERMOSCATTTM have diffuse reflectance based on the Mie theory. The reflectance greatly suppresses radiation heat transfer and has low emissivity at 1–5 μm wavelengths. Their thermal conductivity has been measured as less than 0.3 W/(m K) at 1500°C. Furthermore, porous MgAl2O4 ceramics have near‐zero hemispherical spectral emissivity values at 0.35–5 μm wavelengths. High heat resistance and low emissivity materials in the atmosphere are useful for the innermost layer of industrial furnaces to confine energy efficiently. Additionally, this material is useful as a radiation reflectors, such as in stand‐off thermal protection systems. This study elucidated the suppression of radiation transfer in porous MgAl2O4 ceramics attributable to low thermal emissivity. Therefore, the thermal insulation performance under radiation heating in vacuum, the emissivity validity evaluation of low‐emissivity porous materials using finite element analysis, and microstructure effects on radiation heating performance and mechanical properties were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the thermal and radiation shielding properties of composites obtained using different ratios of tungsten(VI) oxide unsaturated polyester were investigated. Composites were prepared using WO3.2H2O powder in different ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%.), and based on Styrene unsaturated polyester were used as resins. The linear attenuation coefficients of the composites were measured by the NaI(Tl) gamma spectrometry system. The attenuation coefficients were also calculated theoretically by the XCOM platform, taking into consideration the basic analysis of composites, and compared with empirical outcomes. According to the results of XRD and particle size distribution of WO3.2H2O powder demonstrated had obvious diffraction peaks and its pore size distribution values were good. When the thermal degradation curves of the composites are examined, it is seen that the remaining ash amounts of the prepared composites and the % mass of the prepared composites overlap. It was clear that the best shielding material in the studied composites was styrene-based unsaturated polyester +50% WO3.2H2O with a higher linear attenuation coefficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a need to develop next generation devices for dual‐dynamic regulation of thermal radiation and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding to allow the precise operation of electronic components. Here, a novel, stretchable, and self‐healing electrochromic device with unprecedented dynamic tunability of thermal emittance and electromagnetic interference is developed, which exhibits the thermal emittance modulation (Δε) of 0.37 and 0.43 at 8–14 µm under different voltages and strains, respectively. Additionally, by tuning the strain, the device can achieve the change of EMI shielding efficiency (SE) of 16.1 dB due to the increase of the transmittance for electromagnetic wave between the interleaving of the fibers. Moreover, the device exhibits outstanding mechanical stability (98.7% retention of Δε at 8–14 µm and 97.7% retention of EMI SE after bending for 300 cycles), a remarkable stretching stability (99.2% retention of Δε at 8–14 µm and 98.2% retention of EMI SE after stretching for 50 cycles) and the self‐healing performance (99.8% retention of Δε at 8–14 µm and 99.6% retention of EMI SE after the self‐healing). These results indicate that the device have excellent tunability for EMI shielding and thermal management in communication, military, and smart electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of microcracks in the structure of barite aggregates and the occurrence of heat generation during the radiation shielding process contribute to a certain degree of deterioration of barite concrete. To address these challenges, an aggregate preheating method was proposed in this study, and the effects of aggregate preheating, addition of different polymer fibers on the mechanical, thermal, and radiation shielding properties of barite concrete were investigated. The influence mechanisms of aggregate preheating, as well as type and content of polymer fibers were further investigated by SEM, XRD, TG, and other experimental techniques. The results shown that the aggregate preheating and the incorporation of an appropriate amounts of fibers significantly improve the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the barite concrete. Fibers with smaller length-diameter ratios are more suitable for preparation of concrete with high mechanical properties, nevertheless, excessive fiber decreases the mechanical properties of the barite concrete. The aggregate preheating facilitates the premature fracture of barite aggregate and improves the microcrack structure of the barite, reducing the defects of the aggregates themselves, and increasing the failure path of the aggregates during the concrete failure process. Furthermore, aggregate preheating has a slight decreased effect on neutron shielding properties of barite concrete, whereas this adverse effect is compensated by the incorporation of polymer fibers. [Display omitted] • Barite preheating treatment is proposed. • Barite preheating improves the mechanical and thermal properties of concrete. • Polymer fiber improves the thermal properties of concrete. • Barite preheating slightly decreases the neutron shielding properties of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of BaTiO 3 on the mechanical, thermal and radiation shielding properties of the borate glass with the composition of (60-x)B 2 O 3 + 10MgO + 15Na 2 O + 15CaO+(x)BaTiO 3 (x: 0,2.5,5,7.5 and 10 mol%) were synthesized by the melt quenching method. The physical, thermal, mechanical and radiation protection properties of the glasses produced with this designed composition were carefully investigated. As the BaTiO 3 amount increased from 0 % to 10 %, the density of the glass increased from 2.571 to 2.870 g/cm3 and the glass thermal stability (ΔT) also enhanced from 51 to 63. The LAC value at 276 keV, 0.2831 cm−1 for 0 % BaTiO 3 and enhanced linearly with increasing BaTiO 3 concentration and reach to 0.3475 cm−1 at 10 % BaTiO 3. The experimentally obtained MAC values are in agreement with the theoretically calculated MAC values with XCOM and MCNP6.2. It was concluded that the increase in the BaTiO 3 value of the glass positively affects the radiation shielding properties of the glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional solid nanoparticle aerogels have been unable to meet the requirements of practical application due to their inherent brittleness and poor infrared shielding performance. Herein, combining vacuum impregnation and high-temperature pyrolysis, a novel micro/nano-composite fibrous aerogel was prepared via in situ synthesis of silicon carbide nanowires (SiC NWS) in mullite fiber (MF) preform. During this process, uniformly distributed SiC NWS in the MF preform serve as an enhancement phase and also act as an infrared shielding agent to reduce radiation heat transfer, which can significantly improve the mechanical properties of the mullite fiber/silicon carbide nanowire composite aerogels (MF/SiC NWS). The fabricated MF/SiC NWS exhibited excellent thermal stability (1400 °C), high compressive strength (~0.47 MPa), and outstanding infrared shielding performance (infrared transmittance reduced by ~70%). These superior properties make them appealing for their potential in practical application as high-temperature thermal insulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the design and performance of a cryogen-free, pulse-tube refrigerator (PTR)-based scanning probe microscopy (SPM) system capable of operating at a base temperature of near 5 K. We achieve this by combining a home-made interface design between the PTR cold head and the SPM head, with an automatic gas-handling system. The interface design isolates the PTR vibrations by a combination of polytetrafluoroethylene and stainless-steel bellows and by placing the SPM head on a passive vibration isolation table via two cold stages that are connected to thermal radiation shields using copper heat links. The gas-handling system regulates the helium heat-exchange gas pressures, facilitating both the cooldown to and maintenance of the base temperature. We discuss the effects of each component using measured vibration, current-noise, temperature, and pressure data. We demonstrate that our SPM system performance is comparable to known liquid-helium-based systems with the measurements of the superconducting gap spectrum of Pb, atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy image and quasiparticle interference pattern of Au(111) surface, and non-contact atomic force microscopy image of NaCl(100) surface. Without the need for cryogen refills, the present SPM system enables uninterrupted low-temperature measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The techniques of melt-quenching have been used to generate 53B2O3—2NaF—27PbO – (20 - x) BaO— x La2O3 (0 ≤ x ≥ 15) g l a s s s y s t e m . XRD patterns have been established the amorphous character of glass samples. There is a clear evidence of the role of the La2O3 modifier in the glass network. The thermal characteristics have been identified to increase with an increase in La2O3 content. Increasing La2O3 increases the linear and non-linear optical bandgap energy and the Urbach energy. By adding La2O3 to the glass samples, the refractive index, molar polarizability, polarizability, and optical basicity increased. The bulk modulus and the glass transition temperature increased because of the increase in bond strength. The number of bonds per unit increased with the increase in La2O3 content because of the modifier character of La2O3 in the glass samples. Many optical parameters (ε ∞ ), (εo), χ (1) , χ (3) and (n 2) as a function of linear and non-linear E opt have been obtained. The extent of shielding in this article has been examined with the increment in La2O3 at the expense of BaO. The results correspond with similar studies conducted before. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-healing magnetic polyurethanes have been fabricated with 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), poly(1,4-butylene adipate) (PBA-2000), furfurylamine (FMA), bismaleimide (BMI), and magnetic materials (magnetite, carbonyl iron, and magnetite-coated carbonyl iron which was prepared by a vortex mixer in a solid-state process). The magnetic polyurethanes have three properties of self-healing, thermal radiation shielding, and reducing the temperature of the retro Diels–Alder reaction. The magnetic polyurethanes showed the self-healing performance of a notch at 110 °C in a short time, the self-healing recovery was 82.1% in the breaking strength after the healing process, and the excellent thermal radiation shielding. The polyurethanes were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), optical microscope (OM), ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, tensile testing, and thermal conductivity. Finally, the self-healing magnetic polyurethanes which with the properties can be promising materials for the building or the constructing applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (SAWH) as an appealing way to address global water shortage can obtain water from air anytime and anywhere. However, achieving liter-scale water yield by portable device for daily demand is still a challenge. Here, a 7.5-L portable atmospheric water harvester with optimized structure design was proposed. By adopting central heating and radiation heat shielding strategy to minimize heat losses during desorption process and utilizing a batch-process operation model, the device presented superior productivity of 1150 g water /day with low energy consumption of 1.7 kWh/L under field test. This is the first demonstration to promote daily water yield of small-size SAWH device to an order of 1000 g with lower energy consumption compared with existing active SAWH studies. Optimized heat and mass transfer within compact structure enabled the water yield per unit volume and weight of the device reaching milestone values of 152.5 g water /L device /day and 199.4 g water /kg device /day. This remarkable performance motivated the feasibility of distributed freshwater production and pushed SAWH technology one step closer to the practical applications. • A portable water harvester was designed with optimized heat and mass transfer. • Central heating and radiation heat shielding strategies were adopted. • Simultaneous sorption-sequential desorption strategy was applied for water harvest. • The small-size device could produce up to 1-L fresh water daily. • Water production of ∼600 mL in semi-arid area consumes electricity only 1 kWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Boosting the optical and thermal efficiencies of parabolic trough concentrators is gaining renewal global interest for improving the overall concentrating solar power plant efficiency and reducing the specific costs of power generation. Using internal radiation heat shields in the annular space of the heat collection element is an attractive passive solution that is not well-addressed in the literature. This study is a first attempt to analyze and map both energetic and exergetic performances of parabolic trough concentrators in terms of the configuration of the radiation heat shield and the operating conditions of the concentrator. A 3D model based on Monte-Carlo ray tracing and computational fluid dynamics is developed, validated, and used to examine 420 combinations of design and operating parameters. The proposed design outperformed the conventional one in the whole spectrum of operating conditions, except for a narrow range of low operating temperatures and high flow rates. Floating radiation heat shields with small diameters and large shading angles enhanced the temperature uniformity of heat collection element and showed the highest enhancement ratios of both energy and exergy efficiencies, which were up to 15.4 and 14.4%, respectively. A radiation heat shield with a diameter of 75 mm and a shading angle of 150° was found the best performing configuration for most operating conditions. Increasing the shield's emissivity (0.06) to that of the absorber tube (0.14) reduced the energy and exergy efficiencies by up to 33.75 and 29.06%, respectively. The effectiveness of the modified design was more pronounced at lower solar irradiance levels. The enhancements of energy and exergy efficiency decreased by 85.76 and 86.40% as the irradiance increased from 200 to 1000 W/m2. However, the modified design was still more efficient at all considered values of emissivity and solar irradiance. Image 1 • Performance of parabolic trough collector is enhanced using radiation heat shields. • Energy and exergy performances are studied using integrated FVM-MCRT model. • Impact of shield configuration is analyzed at various temperatures and flow rates. • Modified design is more efficient at low flow rates and high temperatures. • Maximum enhancements in energy and exergy efficiencies are 15.4 and 14.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tellurium, zinc, and erbium oxides glasses are made using the melt-quenching technique. The XRD results show that the glass samples are naturally amorphous. The TeO 4 units' extended vibration are performed using FTIR. On the other hand, the TeO 3 as well as Er 2 O 3 are detected using deconvolution. When the concentration of erbium ions increases, the density and molar volume will also increase. The high value of thermal diffusivity at 0.02 and 0.03 M fractions, a large value of glass stability (greater than 100 °C), and strong thermal stability are excellent for fibre drawing. As a result, the highest linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) values are found for the sample with 5 mol% Er 2 O 3 content, where the values drop suddenly from 0.95744 to 0.21065 cm−1 over the tested energy which ranges between 0.284 and 2.51 MeV. Among the TZEr samples, TZEr 5 has the lowest half-value layer (HVL) values ranging from 0.00243 to 0.08252 cm. Thus, both LAC and HVL are considered as suitable options for radiation shielding materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to improve the multifunctional properties (including photocatalysis, stability reusability, self-cleaning, antibacterial effects, and thermal radiation shielding) of cellulose fabrics through incorporation of TiO 2 nanoparticles. To achieve this, anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles were synthesized in situ and deposited onto cotton fabrics through hydrothermal method. The presence of TiO 2 nanoparticles in cellulose fabrics greatly enhanced the photocatalytic efficiency and adsorption range and did not damage the fabric fibers. The TiO 2 -coated cotton exhibited an outstanding photocatalytic efficiency, with dye removal rates of 92.20 % ± 0.015 % and 99.68 % ± 0.002 % under UV-A and visible illumination, respectively. In addition, the material exhibited thermal radiation shielding properties, in which no heat absorption was observed within 60 min at 40 °C–70 °C. To further enhance the hydrophobicity, the TiO 2 -coated cotton was surface-modified with 1H,1H,2H,2H -perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (PFDTS). The resulting PFDTS/TiO 2 -coated cotton was superhydrophobic with a water contact angle of 156.50° ± 0.05° with a sliding angle of 4.33° ± 0.47° and roughness of 67.35 nm. The superhydrophobicity of the PFDTS/TiO 2 -coated cotton also facilitated self-cleaning through water injection to remove soil impurities. Furthermore, the PFDTS/TiO 2 -coated cotton exerted antibacterial effects against gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria under UV-A or visible illumination. These nanocomposite fabrics with multifunctional properties have potential for industrial, military, and medical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Novel microencapsulated phase change materials (MEPCMs) composed of the lead tungstate (PbWO4) shell and paraffin core were designed for shielding of gamma radiation as well as thermal energy storage. Such MEPCMs were prepared via self‐assembly methods and in‐situ precipitation. The PbWO4 shell with excellent photon attenuation can give the resulting MEPCMs an acceptable gamma radiation shielding capability. The chemical composition and structure of microcapsules samples were studied by X‐ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of different core/shell mass ratios on the surface morphology and microstructure of the MEPCMs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and transmission electronic microscopy (TEM). It was confirmed that the microcapsules exhibit a distinct core‐shell structure and a perfect spherical shape. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to present thermal stability and thermal‐storage capability of MEPCMs. A high‐purity germanium gamma spectrometer to measure the attenuation coefficient of the microcapsules for gamma rays showed that the MECPMs has good γ‐rays‐shielding property. The multifunction microcapsules in this study have great potential applications for building energy conservation as well as wearable personal protection in nuclear energy engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal shield (TS) of JT-60SA which is a superconducting tokamak, is installed to reduce radiation heat load from a vacuum vessel (VV), a cryostat vessel and ports at ambient temperature to superconducting coils at 4 K. The TS is double walled structure with He cooling pipe at 80 K, and is divided electrically in toroidal direction and poloidal direction to suppress eddy currents flowing through the TS during disruption. The TS is required to be installed in a narrow space which is between the VV, the ports, and the superconducting coils. Manufacturing and assembly accuracy of the TS are required to ensure the sufficient space for the relative displacement caused by thermal displacement and seismic load. Customization of mechanical joints in the divided section of the TS is effective process for keeping the required accuracy. Assembly of 340 ° sector of the vacuum vessel thermal shield has been completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improvements in the thermal performances of kerosene cook-stoves, which have been modified by the incorporation of radiant heat shields and a heat reuse pot, were assessed in this study. Eight test configurations, comprising different combinations of shielded/unshielded cook-stoves, conventional pots and a heat reuse pot, were experimentally assessed. The experiments followed a procedure adapted from water boiling test (WBT) protocol, which included cold-start, hot-start and simmering test phases. Using the temperatures, boiling times, and water and fuel masses obtained from the tests, the firepowers, specific fuel consumptions and thermal efficiencies of the cook-stoves were determined for the eight configurations. When processes in the conventional pot alone were considered, the greatest improvement in the efficiency η conv was obtained when radiation shields were applied to both inner and outer casings of the cook-stove (Setup V) and was up to 1.7 times the efficiency of the unmodified cook-stove setup. When processes in both conventional and heat reuse pots were considered, however, the greatest improvement in the efficiency η conv + HRP was up to 3.6 times the efficiency of the unmodified setup, and was obtained when radiation shields were applied to both inner and outer casings of the cook-stove in addition to incorporating the heat reuse pot (Setup VI). These results are indicative of the immense quantities of heat lost by radiation from kerosene cook-stove walls and by the steam vented from convention cooking pots. It has also been shown that significant improvements in kerosene cook-stove performances could be achieved by the simple measures proposed and at low cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A computational method capable of calculating radiative heat transfer in a porous carbon-based material is developed in this study. In the method, a radiative conductivity value is statistically evaluated using a three-dimensional model of the material constructed using X-ray computed tomography images. The method is applied for thermal response analysis of a non-ablative heat shield called the Non-Ablative Lightweight Thermal protection system (NALT), which is heated in an arcjet flow. The arcjet heating environment is calculated in a coupled manner between nonequilibrium arcjet flow computation and NALT thermal response analysis. The results shows that the computational method developed satisfactorily reproduces the surface and in-depth temperature data measured. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal radiation analysis of the DEMO tokamak based on the 2015 baseline CAD design model was performed. For the purpose of analysis, Vacuum Vessel Thermal Shield (VVTS) and Cryostat Thermal Shield (CTS) were designed on a conceptual level to complement the baseline DEMO CAD model. The Finite Element (FE) code ABAQUS was used to perform numerical analyses. A special care was taken to adapt the geometry and mesh of the FE model to reduce the heat transfer error to an acceptable level. Thermal loading on DEMO components and refrigeration power for the base case scenario with actively cooled thermal shields was determined. Besides the base case, the sensitivity analysis with passive CTS was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Czochralski crystal growth process is modified by adding cooling tube. • The crystal temperature gradient is increased from 2.4 K/mm to 3.6 K/mm. • The crystal growth speed raised by 25 % where the quality is kept similar. Recently, the silicon wafer producers, affected by Covid-19 and USA-China competition, looks for new production processes to increase the production. On the other hand, the common parts of CZ puller such as heater, crucible and thermal shield are optimized over time and now the common CZ process is reached to limitation for further improvement. Here, we propose a modified CZ method by adding a cooling tube into the growth zone. The new proposed Cz method is applied to the 8″ crystal growth process. A fully 3D transition model including energy equation, Navier–Stokes equation, surface-to-surface radiation heat transfer, moving mesh and thermal stress equations is implemented. The simulation is performed for both original and new CZ method. It was proved that the new CZ method increases the pulling speed up to 25 %. To ensure about the crystal quality, the thermal stress is compared between original and new proposed CZ method. Although it was found that the thermal stress increases about twice but still the maximum von Mises stress never exceeds the critical value 25 MPa. Additionally, the power consumption is also found to enhance maximum 2 kW under new conditions. To evaluate the model the interface and heater power for the original CZ puller is compared with industrial CZ process and it shows acceptable accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of the ITER Thermal Shields (TS) is to minimize the radiation heat load from the warm components such as vacuum vessel and cryostat to magnet operating at 4.5 K. The final design of TS was completed in 2013 and manufacturing of the vacuum vessel thermal shield (VVTS) is now on-going. This paper describes the development status of the TS in particular the design improvements, the fabrication and the requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor) is currently in design phase of the nuclear fusion research project, which is the world's largest experimental tokamak reactor. Process of plasma generation in the Vacuum Vessel requires an ultra-high quality of vacuum. To meet those requirements the Vacuum Vessel and adjacent diagnostic systems are exposed to elevated temperature after its assembly to outgas all volatile surface contaminants. The baking temperature peaks at 240°C for up to 24 hours. On the other side most of diagnostic instruments and detectors adjacent to the Vacuum Vessel, which are exposed to the same conditions, require much lower temperature during measurement and slightly higher temperature in a stand-by mode. The strictest conditions are defined for liquid scintillators, which require the working temperature around 20°C and the temperature of destruction several degrees higher. In order to keep diagnostic instruments within required temperature range, a heat shield with a heat removal is necessary. The temperature range is often ± 2°C or even more narrow in time and space allotted for detectors. Due to space limitations only a thin multilayer solution, including vacuum layers, can be considered. Preliminary calculations indicate that to meet the above defined requirements, only a water jacket as the heat shield can be efficient enough to keep detectors at the required temperature level and within defined range. An additional multilayer vacuum insulation can significantly decrease the cooling demand for the water jacket cooling system. The aim of proposed paper is to find an optimal structure of the insulation thermal shield, based on the water jacket solution by using the CFD simulation in ANSYS Fluent software. Moreover an extended Parametric Analysis is carried out and discussed. The Surface-to-Surface (S2S) model is applied to simulate heat transfer by radiation. In addition the paper contains a discussion about multilayer solutions, characterized by a high thermal resistance, and dedicated particularly for vacuum transfer lines with high temperature difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the purpose of improving the calculation efficiency of shielding and attenuating thermal radiation in fire protection with polydisperse and anisotropic fine water sprays, a database of radiative properties of sprays covering the wavelength range of 1–20 μm and droplets radius range of 1–300 μm is constructed. Also a method of combining database calls for radiative properties acquisition and combined spectral radiation and gray body radiation model for solving radiative heat transfer equation is proposed, and is validated by comparing the dimensionless radiative heat flux obtained by the method and that obtained by Mie theory and spectral bands model. By accuracy and efficiency analysis, the database calls for getting radiative properties are found to be accurate and with high efficiency. The accuracy of Spectral-Grey model depends on the wavelength range of gray body assumption. Choosing reasonable gray body assumption bands according to the droplets sizes and loading will not only guarantee the calculation accuracy at an acceptable level, but also reduce the CPU time significantly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acceleration of heavy ions through the superconducting linear accelerator is achieved by superconducting resonators housed in the cryomodules operating at 4.2 K. In the cryomodule, radiation heat flow from the ambient to the 600 kg of cold mass at 4.2 K is thermally screened by the intermediate thermal shield made of copper. The six surfaces of 17 m2total surface area of the box-shaped thermal shield are cooled in series by the forced flow of liquid nitrogen at 3.2 bar absolute pressure. The boiling temperature of liquid nitrogen at 3.2 bar is 90 K. The steady-state temperatures of the different surfaces of the thermal shield are in the range of 96–115 K at 21.25 L/h flow rate. The steady-state thermal profile of the different surfaces of the thermal shield has also been estimated for different flow rates using a simple analytical technique. The analytical thermal profile of the thermal shield has been correlated with the experimental measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On oil and gas platforms, a flare system is used to burn excess and unusable gas and oil. This system is normally installed on the bow or stern of the topside structure to limit hazardous working conditions such as exposure to high temperatures or heat radiation. In general, when burning gas and oil, continuous flaring systems reach a maximum temperature of approximately 1200 °C and a heat flux of over 400 kW/m2. As extreme temperature and heat flux can harm workers and damage structures near the flare system, heat shields are used to decrease temperature and radiation. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of heat shields and to determine how different numbers and types of heat shields block heat flux and temperature. Two types of shields, i.e., flat and perforated plates, were examined. In examining perforated heat shields, tests were performed with single and double shields. In addition, the heat flux and temperature reduction rates achieved by heat shields at varying distances from a heat source were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: The Solar Probe Plus (SP+) mission will approach the Sun as close as 9.5 solar radii in order to understand the origin of the solar corona heating and the acceleration of the solar wind. Submitted to such extreme environmental conditions, a thermal protection system is considered to protect the payload of the SP+ spacecraft. Carbon-based materials are good candidate to fulfill this role and critical point remains the equilibrium temperature reached at perihelion by the heat shield. In this paper, experimental results obtained for the solar absorptivity α, the total hemispherical emissivity ɛ and its ratio α/ɛ, conditioning the equilibrium temperature of the thermal protection system, are presented for different kinds of carbon materials heated at high temperatures with or without vacuum-UV (100< λ <200nm) radiation. The synergistic effect of ion bombardment is also presented for one kind of material. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The detailed design of ITER thermal shield (TS), which is planned to be procured completely by Korea, has been implemented since 2007. In this paper, the design and the supporting analysis are described for the critical components of the TS, the vacuum vessel TS (VVTS) outboard panel, labyrinths and VVTS supports. The wall type of VVTS outboard panel was changed from double wall to single wall, and the verification analyses were carried out for this design change. The dimensions of the labyrinths were determined and the heat load through the labyrinth was analyzed to check the design requirement. The preliminary result of the VVTS inboard and outboard supports were obtained considering the structural rigidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• We propose a new thermal shield structure which can absorb energy and withstand extreme electromagnetic force. A 40 T hybrid magnet has been constructed and commissioned at the High Magnetic Field Laboratory of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CHMFL). It consists of a 10 T superconducting outsert magnet and a 30 T resistive insert magnet. As an important component of the hybrid magnet, the 80 K thermal shield is located inside of the cryostat protecting the superconducting magnet from thermal radiation. During the commissioning phase, a trip of the water-cooled resistive magnet triggered the quench protection system of the superconducting magnet, huge induced currents resulting in expansion and rupture of the oxygen-free copper thermal shield. In this paper, the cause of thermal shield rupture was investigated via finite element simulations. And the structure design and mechanical assessment of a new alternative thermal shield adopted for the 40 T hybrid magnet is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A model describing radiative transfers inside uniaxial anisotropic media is presented. The transport equations for each electromagnetic mode supported by these media are derived in the limit of geometrical optics and an analytical solution is obtained from a ray tracing method. The temperature field inside such a medium illuminated on both sides by a blackbody radiation is calculated and compared to the temperature field of an isotropic medium submitted to the same conditions. We show that the temperature field in the anisotropic medium is drastically smaller than its counterpart, even for weak anisotropy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Reducing the amount of electricity used by cooling systems is essential for lowering CO 2 emissions; therefore suppressing increases in room temperature in an environmentally friendly manner requires the development of heat-shielding materials that autonomously control sunlight without the use of electricity. Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) has attracted attention as a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) type of temperature-responsive polymer. HPC is a thermochromic material that changes its optical properties in response to changes in external temperature. In this study, acrylamide (AAm) and HPC with various molecular weights were used to prepare HPC-AAm hydrogels, and their optical, heat-shielding, and weathering-resistant properties were evaluated. UV–vis–NIR spectroscopy revealed that the solar transmittance (αT sol) of the HPC-AAm hydrogel decreased while its solar reflectance (αR sol) increased with increasing HPC concentration above LCST. The αT sol of low-molecular-weight HPC was found to be lower than that of high-molecular-weight HPC. In addition, the temperature inside a box constructed using an HPC-AAm hydrogel window was approximately 10 °C lower than that constructed using glass alone. Furthermore, the optical properties of the HPC-AAm hydrogel were found to hardly deteriorated even when continuously exposed to heat and UV radiation for 150 h. Therefore, the HPC-AAm hydrogel prepared in this study is expected to be useful as a heat-shielding material. • Hydrogels based on hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) acrylamide (AAm) were prepared. • HPC-AAm hydrogels show high αT sol values below the LCST. • αT sol decreases and αR sol increases with increasing HPC loading above the LCST. • The L-HPC-AAm hydrogel led to lower temperatures inside a simulated room. • The HPC-AAm hydrogel is stable when continuously heated and UV irradiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For new-generation miniaturized and high-frequency electronics, it is of vital importance to develop advanced electronic packaging materials, which combine high electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness (SE) and efficient thermal management capabilities, including heat absorption, thermal conductivity (TC) and heat dissipation. However, high EMI SE and efficient thermal management usually cannot complement each other for the same packaging material, because EMI shielding devices convert electromagnetic radiation directly into heat consumption, leading to consequent severe challenge to dispose heat dissipation. Herein, we have newly developed a high-performance phase change composites, in which MXene is confined in shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) for simultaneous achievement of high EMI SE and efficient thermal management. Regarding high EMI, MXene can effectively shield electromagnetic radiation by converting the radiation into heat consumption. As for thermal management, PCM enables efficient heat absorption via the phase change process, and MXene enhances the thermal conductivity (TC) of MXene/PCM composite to facilitate heat dissipation. As a result, our developed MXene/PCM composite can achieve a high EMI SE of 64.7 dB in X-band, with an improved TC of 0.74 W/m·K. Furthermore, the interlayer capillary effect of MXene inhibits the leakage of liquid PCM during the solid-liquid phase transition, which can maintain the PCM shape stability. Our newly-designed shape-stabilized MXene/PCM composites with high EMI SE and large TC shed new light on designing EMI shielding materials with prolonged exposure to electromagnetic radiation, which can be envisioned to exhibit vast implications for advanced new-generation miniaturized and high-frequency electronics. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]