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The lightweight, precision and high integration of modern electronic devices lead to a sharp increase in local heat flux, which poses a severe challenge to the traditional cooling technology. There is an urgent need to find a cooling method with high heat dissipation capacity and high efficiency to meet the requirements of today's thermal management systems. Based on the Joule Thomson effect of carbon dioxide, a dry-ice spray cooling experimental system was established, and two types of array nozzles were designed and processed. The changing laws of cooling characteristics of tapered array nozzle and Laval array nozzle under different mass flow rates and different spray heights were discussed. The experimental results show that the heat transfer effect is the best when the spray mass flow rate is 36.29 g s−1 and the spray height is 2.5 cm, the corresponding critical heat flux is 452.03 W cm−2, the heat transfer coefficient is 36939.21 W m−2 °C−1, and the surface temperature of the simulated heat source is 37.64 °C. For Laval array nozzles and tapered array nozzles, the cooling performance of the former is better under the same experimental conditions, so the production of Laval array nozzles should be given priority in the selection of array nozzles with different parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]