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Introduction: Mitral valvuloplasty including ring/band support is widely performed despite potential drawbacks of rings. Unsupported valvuloplasty is performed in only a few centers. This study aimed to report long-term outcomes of patients undergoing unsupported valvuloplasty for degenerative mitral regurgitation (MR) and to identify predictive factors for outcomes., Methods: This is a retrospective cohort including patients undergoing mitral valve repair for degenerative MR from 2000 to 2018. The main techniques were Wooler annuloplasty and quadrangular resection. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models were used for statistical analysis., Results: One hundred fifty-eight patients were included (median age: 64.0 years). In-hospital mortality was 2.5%. Maximum followup was 19.6 years, with a median of 4.7 years (992 patient-years). Overall survival at 5, 10, and 15 years was 91.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 85.7-96.3), 87.6% (95% CI: 80.7-94.5), and 78.1% (95% CI: 65.9-90.3), respectively. The European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) II was an independent predictor of late death (hazard ratio [HR] 1.42; P=0.016). Freedom from mitral reoperation at 5, 10, and 15 years was 88.1% (95% CI: 82.0-94.2), 82.4% (95% CI: 74.6-90.2), and 75.7% (95% CI: 64.1-87.3), respectively. Left atrial diameter > 56 mm was associated with late reintervention in univariate analysis (HR 1.06; P=0.049)., Conclusion: Degenerative MR can be successfully treated with repair techniques without annular support, thus avoiding the technical and logistical drawbacks of ring/band implantation while maintaining good long-term results. EuroSCORE II was a risk factor for late death, and larger left atrium was associated with late reoperation.

Objective: This study aims to describe the correlation between age and occurrence of atrial fibrillation after aortic stenosis surgery in the elderly as well as evaluate the influence of atrial fibrillation on the incidence of strokes, hospital length of stay, and hospital mortality., Methods: Cross-sectional retrospective study of > 70 year-old patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement., Results: 348 patients were included in the study (mean age 76.8±4.6 years). Overall, post-operative atrial fibrillation was 32.8% (n=114), but it was higher in patients aged 80 years and older (42.9% versus 28.8% in patients aged 70-79 years, P=0.017). There was borderline significance for linear correlation between age and atrial fibrillation (P=0.055). Intensive Care Unit and hospital lengths of stay were significantly increased in atrial fibrillation (P<0.001), but there was no increase in mortality or stroke associated with atrial fibrillation., Conclusion: Post-operative atrial fibrillation incidence in aortic valve replacement is high and correlates with age in patients aged 70 years and older and significantly more pronounced in patients aged 80 years. There was increased length of stay at Intensive Care Unit and hospital, but there was no increase in mortality or stroke. These data are important for planning prophylaxis and early treatment for this subgroup.

Objective: Study designed to identify characteristics of patients related to increased hospital mortality after valve replacement, assumed as risk factors., Methods: Retrospective study including 808 patients submitted to the implant of St. Jude Biocor porcine bioprosthesis between 1994 and 2009 at Instituto de Cardiologia do Rio Grande do Sul. Primary outcome was hospital death and hospital mortality was related to demographic and surgical characteristics. Statistics include t-test, qui-square test and logistical regression analysis., Results: There were 80 (9.9%) hospital deaths. Risk factors identified with univariable logistical analysis (and respective odds-ratio) were: tricuspid surgery (OR 6.11); mitral valve replacement (OR 3.98); left ventricular ejection fraction < 30% (OR 3.82); diabetes mellitus (OR 2.55); atrial fibrillation (OR 2.32); pulmonary arterial hypertension (OR 2.30); serum creatinine > 1,4 mg/dL (OR 2.28); previous cardiac surgery (OR 2.17); systemic arterial hypertension (OR 1.93); functional class III e IV (OR 1.92); coronary bypass (OR 1.81); age > 70 years-old (OR 1.80); congestive heart failure (OR 1.73); e female gender (OR 1.68). Multivariable logistic regression for independent factors identified preponderant risk factors mitral valve replacement (OR 5,29); tricuspid surgery (OR 3.07); diabetes mellitus (OR 2.72); age > 70 years-old (OR 2.62); coronary bypass (OR 2.43); previous cardiac surgery (OR 1.82); e systemic arterial hypertension (OR 1.79)., Conclusions: Mortality rate is within values found in literature. Identification of risk factors could contribute to changes in surgical indication and medical management in order to reduce hospital mortality.

Background: The greater longevity observed today has caused an increase in the number of elderly who need surgery. Aortic stenosis is a common condition in this age group., Objective: To evaluate morbidity and mortality in people aged 75 years or older who have undergone valvuloplasty or valve replacement surgery for aortic stenosis alone or associated with other injuries., Methods: We studied 230 consecutive cases between Jan/2002-Dec/2007. Patients were 79.5 +/- 3.7 years (75 - 94), and 53.9% were men. In the sample, 68.7% had hypertension, 17.9% had atrial fibrillation, 15.9% were obese, and 14.4% had undergone previous heart surgery. At surgery, 87.4% underwent aortic stent placement, and 12.6% underwent aortic valvuloplasty., Results: The mortality rate was 13.9% (9.4% with isolated aortic stenosis versus 20.9% with an associated procedure, p = 0.023) and the morbidity rate was 30.0% (25.2% with aortic stenosis alone versus 37.4% with an associated procedure, p = 0.068). The most common complications were: low cardiac output (20.2%), renal dysfunction (9.7%), and prolonged ventilatory support (7.9%). In the bivariate analysis, the main predictors of mortality were low cardiac output (RR 10.1, 95% CI: 5.02-20.3), use of intra-aortic balloon (RR 6.6, 95% CI: 3.83-11.4), sepsis (RR 6.77, 95%: 1.66-9.48) and renal dysfunction after surgery (RR 6.21, 95%: 3.47-11.1). As for morbidity, the predictors were: pre-operative renal dysfunction (RR 2.22, 95%: 1.25-3.95), atrial fibrillation (RR 1.74, 95%: 1.16-2.61), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (RR 1.93, 95%: 1.25-2.97)., Conclusion: Aortic valve surgery in the elderly is related to a slightly higher mortality rate than in younger patients, and its main risk factors were associated procedures, renal failure, atrial fibrillation, COPD, and sepsis.

Objective: Identification of risk factors for cardiac surgery can improve surgical results. Our aim is to identify factors related to increased hospital mortality for patients who underwent mechanical cardiac prosthesis implant., Methods: Prospective study with retrospective data acquirement study including 335 consecutive patients who underwent at least one implant of St. Jude Medical mechanical prosthesis between December 1994 and September 2005 at the Cardiology Institute of RS. Valve implants were 158 (47.1%) in aortic position, 146 (43.6%) in mitral and 31 (9.3%) in aortic and mitral. The following characteristics were analyzed in relation to hospital death: gender, age, body mass index, NYHA functional class, ejection fraction, type of valve lesion, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, serum creatinine, preoperative arrhythmias, prior heart surgery, CABG surgery, concomitant tricuspid valve surgery and operative priority (elective, urgent or emergent). Logistical regression was used to analyze data and odds-ratio was calculated for individual factors., Results: During the follow-up there were 13 (3.88%) deaths. In-hospital mortality risk was associated with serum creatinine (P<0.05), ejection fraction < 30% (P<0.001), mitral valve lesion (P<0.05), concomitant CABG surgery (P<0.01), prior cardiac surgery (P<0.01) and reoperation (P<0.01). Increased odd-ratio were related to previous cardiac surgery (5.36; IC95% 0.94-30.56), combined revascularization (5.28; IC95% 1.51-18.36), valvar reoperation (4.69; IC95% 0.93-23.57) and concomitant tricuspid annuloplasty (3.72; IC95% 0.75-18.30)., Conclusion: The mortality rate is within the parameters found in the literature, identifying recognized factors which neutralization by changes in surgical indication and medical management may enable risk reduction.

Objectives: This study aims to verify the applicability of Ambler's risk score to patients who have undergone implantation of bovine pericardial bioprosthesis at the Instituto de Cardiologia do RGS/FCU. This study also aims to quantify the risk factors., Methods: Retrospective study with 703 patients who had undergone implantation of bovine pericardial bioprosthesis between 1991 and 2005 at the Instituto de Cardiologia do RS. Aortic implant occurred in 392 patients, mitral in 250 and combined in 61. Primary outcome was hospital mortality. Characteristics used to estimate risk were: gender, age, body mass index (BMI), NYHA functional class, left ventricular ejection fraction, valvular lesions, systemic arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal function, cardiac rhythm, previous cardiac operations, and surgical priority. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to quantify preponderant risk factors by the odds-ratio (OR)., Results: The mortality rate was 14.3%, which was higher than the estimated mortality rate (3%, according to Ambler's mean score of 6, (p<0.01)). Patients who died presented a mean score of 8.26, which was higher than the survivors' average score of 5.68. Characteristics of increased risk were emergency surgery (OR=10.87), dialysis (OR=6.10), and age higher than 80 years (OR=6.10). Our sample indicates an area under the ROC curve of 72.9% (accepted value > 70%)., Conclusion: The mortality predicted in Ambler's score was not reproduced in the observed results. However, the ROC curve provides evidence that this model is applicable. Preponderant risk factors were individualizated.

Background: Identification of preoperative heart valve surgery risk factors aim to improve surgical outcomes with the possibility to offset conditions related to increased morbidity and mortality., Objective: Intent of this study is to identify hospital risk factors in patients undergoing bovine pericardial bioprosthesis implantation., Methods: Retrospective study including 703 consecutive patients who underwent implantation of at least one St. Jude Medical-Biocor bovine pericardial bioprosthesis between September 1991 and December 2005 at the Rio Grande do Sul Cardiology Institute; 392 were aortic, 250 were mitral and 61 were mitroaortic. Characteristics analyzed were gender, age, body mass index, NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional class, ejection fraction, valve lesions, systemic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, kidney function, arrhythmias, prior heart surgery, coronary artery bypass graft, tricuspid valve surgery and elective, urgent or emergency surgery. Main outcome was in-hospital mortality. Relationship between risk factors and in-hospital mortality was analyzed using logistic regression., Results: Were 101 (14.3%) in-hospital deaths. Characteristics with significant relationship to increased mortality were female gender (p<0.001), age over 70 years (p=0.004), atrial fibrillation (p=0.006), diabetes mellitus (p=0.043), creatinine > 2.4 mg/dl (p=0.004), functional class IV (p<0.001), mitral valve lesion (p<0.001), previous heart surgery (p=0.005), tricuspid valve surgery (p<0.001) and emergency surgery (p<0.001)., Conclusion: Mortality rate observed is accepted by literature and is justifiable due to the high prevalence of risk factors, showing an increased significance level for female gender, age above 70, functional class IV, tricuspid valve repairs and emergency surgery. Offsetting these factors could contribute to reduced in-hospital mortality for valve surgery.