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Objectives: To determine mechanisms of early and late failure after mitral valve repair for degenerative disease, identify factors associated with re-repair, and evaluate durability of re-repair., Methods: From January 2008 to July 2020, 330 reoperations were performed for recurrent mitral valve dysfunction after initial valve repair for degenerative disease. Mechanisms of repair failure were determined by review of preoperative imaging and operative reports. Multivariable analysis was performed to identify factors associated with likelihood of re-repair or replacement. Durability of re-repair was assessed using longitudinal analysis of postoperative echo data., Results: Eighty-five of 330 (26%) reoperations were performed for early repair failure within 1 year and 245/330 (74%) for late failure thereafter. Suture/annuloplasty dehiscence, systolic anterior motion, hemolysis, and ventricular remodeling were more common mechanisms of early failure and disease progression and fibrosis late failure. Forty percent (34/85) of early failures were re-repaired versus 24% (59/245) of late failures. Re-repair was more common than replacement in recent years and was associated with earlier reoperation (median 1.5 vs 3.9 years; P = .0001). No in-hospital deaths occurred after re-repair; 2 patients (0.8%) died after valve replacement. Freedom from severe mitral regurgitation after re-repair was 93% at 7 years., Conclusions: Mitral valve re-repair can be performed with low rates of mortality and morbidity for early and late valve dysfunction. Mechanisms of early repair failure differ from those of late failure and are generally more amenable to re-repair. In selected patients who present after failed repair, we prefer mitral re-repair to valve replacement whenever technically feasible., (Copyright © 2022 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)