Suárez-García, Inés, Perales-Fraile, Isabel, González-García, Andrés, Muñoz-Blanco, Arturo, Manzano, Luis, Fabregate, Martín, Díez-Manglano, Jesús, Aizpuru, Eva Fonseca, Fernández, Francisco Arnalich, García, Alejandra García, Gómez-Huelgas, Ricardo, Ramos-Rincón, José-Manuel, SEMI-COVID-19 Network, SEMI-COVID-19 Network, [Suárez-García,I] Infectious Diseases Group, Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, FIIB HUIS HHEN, Madrid, Spain. [Suárez-García,I, Perales-Fraile,I] Facultad de Ciencias Biomédicas y de la Salud, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain. [Perales-Fraile,I] Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, FIIB HUIS HHEN, Madrid, Spain. [González-García,A] Unidad de Enfermedades Sistémicas Autoinmunes y Minoritarias, Servicio de Medicina Interna, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. [Muñoz-Blanco,A] Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Madrid, Spain. [Manzano,L, and Fabregate,M] Servicio de Medicina Interna, IRYCIS, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain. [Díez-Manglano,J] Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Royo Vilanova, Zaragoza, Spain. [Fonseca Aizpuru,E] Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital de Cabueñes, Gijón, Asturias, Spain. [Arnalich Fernández,F] Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain. [García García,A] Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain. [Gómez-Huelgas,R] Internal Medicine Department, Regional University Hospital of Málaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga (IBIMA), University of Málaga (UMA), Málaga, Spain. [Ramos-Rincón,JM] Department of Clinical Medicine, Miguel Hernandez University of Elche, Alicante, Spain.
BackgroundWhether immunosuppressed (IS) patients have a worse prognosis of COVID-19 compared to non-IS patients is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcome of IS patients hospitalized with COVID-19 compared to non-IS patients.MethodsWe designed a retrospective cohort study. We included all patients hospitalized with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from the SEMI-COVID-19 Registry, a large multicentre national cohort in Spain, from March 27thuntil June 19th, 2020. We used multivariable logistic regression to assess the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) of in-hospital death among IS compared to non-IS patients.ResultsAmong 13 206 included patients, 2 111 (16.0%) were IS. A total of 166 (1.3%) patients had solid organ (SO) transplant, 1081 (8.2%) had SO neoplasia, 332 (2.5%) had hematologic neoplasia, and 570 (4.3%), 183 (1.4%) and 394 (3.0%) were receiving systemic steroids, biological treatments, and immunosuppressors, respectively. Compared to non-IS patients, the aOR (95% CI) for in-hospital death was 1.60 (1.43–1.79) for all IS patients, 1.39 (1.18–1.63) for patients with SO cancer, 2.31 (1.76–3.03) for patients with haematological cancer and 3.12 (2.23–4.36) for patients with SO transplant. The aOR (95% CI) for death for patients who were receiving systemic steroids, biological treatments and immunosuppressors compared to non-IS patients were 2.16 (1.80–2.61), 1.97 (1.33–2.91) and 2.06 (1.64–2.60), respectively. IS patients had a higher odds than non-IS patients of in-hospital acute respiratory distress syndrome, heart failure, myocarditis, thromboembolic disease and multiorgan failure.ConclusionsIS patients hospitalized with COVID-19 have a higher odds of in-hospital complications and death compared to non-IS patients.