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Objective: To determine 1) the indexes/indicators used for evaluating the "strengthening community actions" mechanism of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion and 2) to extract the characteristics and key components of the indexes/indicators using a scoping review. Data Source :In May 2020, the search was conducted across three databases: Medline (via PubMed), Embase, and Scopus. Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria : All primary studies relating to development, identification, and measurement of health promotion indices/indicators associated to the "strengthening community actions" were included. The review articles were excluded., Data Extraction: The data were extracted to a data-charting form that was developed by the research team. Two authors reviewed the extracted data., Data Synthesis: To summarize and report the data, a descriptive numerical analysis and a narrative descriptive synthesizing approach were used., Results: In total, 93 study articles were included. A majority of studies (82%) were conducted in developed countries. Different types of recognized indices were categorized into seven groups: social cohesion (n = 3), community capacity (n = 1), community participation (n = 7), social capital (n = 6), social network (n = 3), social support (n = 1), and others (n = 5)., Conclusions: Having a collection of "strengthening community actions" indices/indicators in hand, health policymakers and health promotion specialists might be able to do their best in considering, selecting, and applying the most appropriate indices/indicators while evaluating community health promotion interventions in different settings.

Background: This study evaluated the effect of an intervention for reducing excess weight gain in primary school-age children in Tehran., Methods: A cluster-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 12 primary schools in Tehran. Three hundred thirty-four pupils, 167 in the intervention and 167 in the comparison group, determined to be overweight or obese based on World Health Organization standards, were recruited for the study. The intervention included nutrition education and increased physical activity (PA) for the pupils, lifestyle modification for parents, and a change in food items sold at the schools' canteens. The entire intervention lasted approximately 18 weeks. Measures were taken before and immediately after the intervention., Results: The intervention significantly reduced body mass index Z-score and hip circumference (p = .003 and p < .001, respectively). Waist circumference increased in both groups, but the increase was higher in the comparison group (p = .001). No significant difference was seen in time spent on TV viewing between groups (p = .08). Vigorous PA increased in the intervention group (p < .001), while the comparison group showed an increase in moderate activity only (p < .001). Energy intake increased significantly in the intervention group (p < .001). Neither triceps skinfold thickness nor time spent on the computer changed in the intervention group (p = .51 and p = .1, respectively), while they increased in the comparison group (p < .001 and p = .004, respectively)., Conclusion: The study provides a successful model for the implementation of similar interventions throughout the country., (© The Author(s) 2016.)

Background & Objectives: Nursing students provide health services and their behavior may affect the clinical services that they provide to clients. In addition, Health-promoting behaviors among nursing students may affect the quality of patient education. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between health-promoting behaviors and certain demographic characteristics of nursing students in Tehran., Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 404 undergraduate nursing students (107 males and 297 females) of universities of Tehran who were selected through stratified random sampling procedure. The data collection tools were: demographic characteristics questionnaire and health-promoting lifestyle profile 2. This standard instrument has 6 subscales of nutrition, physical activity, spiritual growth, health responsibility, interpersonal relations, and stress management. In order to keep the weight of the expressions of the tool and subscale scores the mean were calculated. For this purpose, each expression was scored on a scale of 1 to 4. Internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha) of this tool was a=0.86. Data was analyzed by using statistical tests of Chi Square, Independent T and ANOVA., Results: According to the results, health-promoting behaviors among the students scored highly. The analysis of subscales of health-promoting lifestyle profile 2 showed that the highest mean belongs to the subscale of spiritual growth and the lowest mean belongs to the subscale of physical activity. The mean of health-promoting behaviors among married students was higher than among single students. Moreover, as students advanced through academic years, health responsibility increased and stress management reduced., Discussion: Undoubtedly, physical activity and stress management have a significant role in personal health and occupational satisfaction of students, which consequently help them provide better services to clients. Therefore, considering the low scores of students in these sections, nursing education managers, policymakers and planners should pay attention to these problems.

Recycling is a waste management process that has attracted a lot of attention for helping protect the environment. The current research aims to determine the effect of an intervention based on the Health Promoting Schools model (Albanian's HPSM) on the recycling behaviors of primary school students. In this study, 413 primary school students in Maragheh, Iran, were randomly divided into a test group (n = 207) and a control group (n = 206). The educational intervention consisted of seven 45-minute teaching sessions and eight promotion programs for the students, two discussion sessions for the parents and two group educational sessions for the teachers. The tools used included a researcher-made questionnaire with items on awareness, attitude, performance, and participation in source-separated recycling. The validity and reliability of this tool were also measured. The questionnaires were completed in two stages in both groups, including before and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. The significance level was considered to be P < 0.05. After the intervention, a significant difference was observed in the mean scores of awareness, attitude, performance, and participation in terms of recycling among the students in the test group compared to before the intervention (P < 0.05). The mean scores of knowledge, attitude, performance, and participation also differed significantly after the intervention between the teachers and parents in the test group and the control group (P < 0.05). The use of Albanian's Health-Promoting Schools (HPS) approach is effective in improving source-separated recycling behaviors in primary school students.

Background: Preschool children have a limit ability to take care of their teeth. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of an intervention based on Albanian's Health Promoting Schools Model (Albanian's HPSM) on the oral health behaviors among a group of Iranian female preschool (5-6 years old) children. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 120 children in seventh district of Tehran, Iran were randomly recruited and assigned to either the intervention or the control groups. A scale was designed and validated to assess the oral health behaviors among the children and knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy beliefs, perceived barriers and oral health behaviors among the parents and the schoolteachers. An expert panel approved the content validity of the scale (CVR = 0.89, CVI = 0.90). The reliability was also approved applying intraclass correlation coefficient (range, 0.83-0.92) and Cronbach alpha (range, 0.83-0.96). Based on the preliminary data, a 6-week intervention was designed and conducted to the intervention group. One month following the intervention, both groups were followed-up. The data were analyzed using covariance and paired t tests. Results: Following the intervention, significant differences were found in the oral health behaviors of the children in the intervention group (P < 0.05) and knowledge, attitude, oral health behaviors, self-efficacy, and perceived barriers of their parents and the schoolteachers (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Using Albanian's health-promoting schools (HPSs) approach was useful in improving the oral hygiene behaviors among the preschool children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objectives. Nurses, as behavioral models, play a key role in health promotion, and their attitudes towards health promotion highly influence their health and performance.The aim of this study is to explore nursing students' perception of studies in nursing discipline as a situational influence on health promotion.Materials and Methods.This study was conducted using directed content analysis, by means of 20 deep semistructured interviews with nursing students.The participants were selected on purposive sampling. Data was analyzed by the qualitative content analysis method. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and reviewed, and all codes were extracted and summarized.The codes were subcategorized on the basis of centralization and were categorized after review of subcategories, and finally, a theme was determined. Findings.The theme of nursing discipline's situational influence on nursing students' health promotion was revealed. This theme consisted of "choosing the field," "unfavorable environmental factors," "negative impacts of studies in nursing discipline on health," "positive effects of studies in nursing discipline on health", "needs," "attractiveness (aesthetics)," and "coping with negative situational influences in nursing discipline." Conclusion. The perception of studies in nursing discipline as a health-promoting behavior is under influence of social environment. Considering the importance of the students' positive perception of the existing situation, it is essential to pay attention to their attitudes and perceptions so that they can provide better services to patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: According to the health-promoting approach, people should be empowered such that they take responsibility for their health and follow a healthy lifestyle. Empowerment is a process in which people confront problems and tasks in their lives in order to better control them. This study was conducted to specify the relationship between individual empowerment and health-promoting lifestyle among women NGOs of northern Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 290 women NGOs of Guilan Province were selected randomly using multistage cluster sampling, and were examined using the questionnaire of health-promoting lifestyle profile II and individual empowerment inventory scale. Data were analyzed using STATA 11 software via one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate linear regression. Results: Both variables of individual empowerment and health-promoting lifestyle were of favorable status among the population under study. The highest score in individual empowerment belonged to the domain of social support and the highest score in lifestyle belonged to spiritual growth. A significant relationship was found between individual empowerment and health-promoting lifestyle (p<0.001). The highest correlation between individual empowerment and dimensions of health-promoting lifestyle was related to interpersonal relationships. In addition, it was specified that 21% of lifestyle variance could be explained by individual empowerment. Conclusion: There is a relation between individual empowerment and health-promoting lifestyle. Individual empowerment is a predictive variable to have a health-promoting lifestyle. Therefore, by increasing individuals' empowerment, their healthy lifestyle can be promoted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]