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1. Mental health impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers: A large cross-sectional survey.

Author

Alonso J, Vilagut G, Mortier P, Ferrer M, Alayo I, Aragón-Peña A, Aragonès E, Campos M, Cura-González ID, Emparanza JI, Espuga M, Forjaz MJ, González-Pinto A, Haro JM, López-Fresneña N, Salázar ADM, Molina JD, Ortí-Lucas RM, Parellada M, Pelayo-Terán JM, Pérez-Zapata A, Pijoan JI, Plana N, Puig MT, Rius C, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Sanz F, Serra C, Kessler RC, Bruffaerts R, Vieta E, and Pérez-Solà V

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Spain epidemiology, Young Adult, COVID-19, Health Personnel psychology, Mental Disorders epidemiology, Occupational Diseases epidemiology
Abstract

Introduction: Healthcare workers are vulnerable to adverse mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors during the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare professionals in Spain., Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to web-based surveys assessing individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status (May 5 - September 7, 2020). We report: probable current mental disorders (Major Depressive Disorder-MDD- [PHQ-8≥10], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD- [GAD-7≥10], Panic attacks, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -PTSD- [PCL-5≥7]; and Substance Use Disorder -SUD-[CAGE-AID≥2]. Severe disability assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to identify probable "disabling" current mental disorders., Results: 9,138 healthcare workers participated. Prevalence of screen-positive disorder: 28.1% MDD; 22.5% GAD, 24.0% Panic; 22.2% PTSD; and 6.2% SUD. Overall 45.7% presented any current and 14.5% any disabling current mental disorder. Workers with pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders had almost twice the prevalence than those without. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95)., Conclusions: One in seven Spanish healthcare workers screened positive for a disabling mental disorder during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Workers reporting pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders, those frequently exposed to COVID-19 patients, infected or quarantined/isolated, female workers, and auxiliary nurses should be considered groups in need of mental health monitoring and support., (Copyright © 2020 The Author(s). Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Published
2021
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2. Traumatic stress symptoms among Spanish healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective study.

Author

Portillo-Van Diest, Ana, Vilagut, Gemma, Alayo, Itxaso, Ferrer, Montse, Amigo, Franco, Amann, Benedikt L., Aragón-Peña, Andrés, Aragonès, Enric, Asúnsolo Del Barco, Ángel, Campos, Mireia, Del Cura-González, Isabel, Espuga, Meritxell, González-Pinto, Ana, Haro, Josep M., Larrauri, Amparo, López-Fresneña, Nieves, Martínez de Salázar, Alma, Molina, Juan D., Ortí-Lucas, Rafael M., and Parellada, Mara

Subjects
COVID-19 pandemic, MEDICAL personnel, POST-traumatic stress, LONGITUDINAL method, POST-traumatic stress disorder
Abstract

Aim. To investigate the occurrence of traumatic stress symptoms (TSS) among healthcare workers active during the COVID-19 pandemic and to obtain insight as to which pandemic-related stressful experiences are associated with onset and persistence of traumatic stress. Methods. This is a multicenter prospective cohort study. Spanish healthcare workers (N = 4,809) participated at an initial assessment (i.e., just after the first wave of the Spain COVID-19 pandemic) and at a 4-month follow-up assessment using web-based surveys. Logistic regression investigated associations of 19 pandemic-related stressful experiences across four domains (infection-related, work-related, health-related and financial) with TSS prevalence, incidence and persistence, including simulations of population attributable risk proportions (PARP). Results. Thirty-day TSS prevalence at T1 was 22.1%. Four-month incidence and persistence were 11.6% and 54.2%, respectively. Auxiliary nurses had highest rates of TSS prevalence (35.1%) and incidence (16.1%). All 19 pandemic-related stressful experiences under study were associated with TSS prevalence or incidence, especially experiences from the domains of health-related (PARP range 88.4-95.6%) and work-related stressful experiences (PARP range 76.8-86.5%). Nine stressful experiences were also associated with TSS persistence, of which having patient(s) in care who died from COVID-19 had the strongest association. This association remained significant after adjusting for co-occurring depression and anxiety. Conclusions. TSSs among Spanish healthcare workers active during the COVID-19 pandemic are common and associated with various pandemic-related stressful experiences. Future research should investigate if these stressful experiences represent truly traumatic experiences and carry risk for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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3. Mental health impact of the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic on Spanish healthcare workers: A large cross-sectional survey

Author

Alonso, Jordi, Vilagut, Gemma, Mortier, Philippe, Ferrer, Montse, Alayo, Itxaso, Aragón-Peña, Andrés, Aragonès, Enric, Campos, Mireia, Cura-González, Isabel D, Emparanza, José I, Espuga, Meritxell, Forjaz, Maria Joao, González-Pinto, Ana, Haro, Josep M, López-Fresneña, Nieves, Salázar, Alma D Martínez de, Molina, Juan D, Ortí-Lucas, Rafael M, Parellada, Mara, Pelayo-Terán, José Maria, Pérez-Zapata, Aurora, Pijoan, José I, Plana, Nieves, Puig, Maria Teresa, Rius, Cristina, Rodriguez-Blazquez, Carmen, Sanz, Ferran, Serra, Consol, Kessler, Ronald C, Bruffaerts, Ronny, Vieta, Eduard, Pérez-Solà, Víctor, MINDCOVID Working Group, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Regional Development Fund, Government of Catalonia (España), and Ministerio de Universidades (España)

Subjects
Adult, Male, Necesidad de atención, Adolescent, Health Personnel, Adverse Mental Health, COVID-19 pandemic, Pandemia de COVID-19, Young Adult, Trabajadores de la salud, Prevalence, Humans, Need for Care, Disability, Salud mental adversa, Mental Disorders, Healthcare Workers, COVID-19, Middle Aged, Occupational Diseases, Mental Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Trastornos mentales, Spain, Discapacidad, Female
Abstract

[EN] Introduction: Healthcare workers are vulnerable to adverse mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. We assessed prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors during the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare professionals in Spain. Methods: All workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to web-based surveys assessing individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status (May 5 - September 7, 2020). We report: probable current mental disorders (Major Depressive Disorder-MDD- [PHQ-8≥10], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD- [GAD-7≥10], Panic attacks, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder -PTSD- [PCL-5≥7]; and Substance Use Disorder -SUD-[CAGE-AID≥2]. Severe disability assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to identify probable "disabling" current mental disorders. Results: 9,138 healthcare workers participated. Prevalence of screen-positive disorder: 28.1% MDD; 22.5% GAD, 24.0% Panic; 22.2% PTSD; and 6.2% SUD. Overall 45.7% presented any current and 14.5% any disabling current mental disorder. Workers with pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders had almost twice the prevalence than those without. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring "all of the time" for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95). Conclusions: One in seven Spanish healthcare workers screened positive for a disabling mental disorder during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Workers reporting pre-pandemic lifetime mental disorders, those frequently exposed to COVID-19 patients, infected or quarantined/isolated, female workers, and auxiliary nurses should be considered groups in need of mental health monitoring and support. [ES] Introducción: Los profesionales sanitarios son vulnerables al impacto negativo en salud mental de la pandemia COVID-19. Evaluamos la prevalencia de trastornos mentales y factores asociados durante la primera oleada de la pandemia en sanitarios españoles. Métodos: Se invitó a todos los trabajadores de 18 instituciones sanitarias españolas (6 CCAA) a encuestas en línea evaluando características individuales, estado de infección y exposición a COVID-19 y salud mental (5 Mayo – 7 Septiembre, 2020). Reportamos: probables trastornos mentales actuales (Trastorno depresivo mayor TDD [PHQ-8≥10], Trastorno de ansiedad generalizada TAG [GAD-7≥10], Ataques de pánico, Trastorno de estrés postraumático TEP [PCL-5≥7]; y Trastorno por uso de sustancias TUS [CAGE-AID≥2]. La interferencia funcional grave (Escala de Discapacidad de Sheehan) identificó los probables trastornos “discapacitantes”. Resultados: Participaron 9.138 sanitarios. Prevalencia de cribado positivo: 28,1% TDD; 22,5% TAG, 24,0% Pánico; 22,2% PTE; y 6,2% TUS. En general, el 45,7% presentó algún trastorno mental actual y el 14,5% algún trastorno discapacitante. Los sanitarios con trastornos mentales previos tuvieron el doble de prevalencia que aquellos sin patología mental previa. Ajustando por todas las variables, el trastorno mental incapacitante se asoció positivamente con: trastornos previos (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Ánimo: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Ansiedad: OR=3,03; IC 95%: 2,53-3,62); edad 18-29 años (OR=1,36; IC 95%: 1,02-1,82); atender “siempre” a pacientes COVID-19 (OR=5,19; IC 95%: 3,61-7,46), género femenino (OR=1,58; IC 95%: 1,27-1,96) y haber estado en cuarentena o aislado (OR=1,60; IC 95%: 1,31-1,95). Conclusiones: Uno de cada 7 sanitarios españoles presentaron un probable trastorno mental discapacitante durante la primera oleada de COVID-19. Aquéllos con trastornos mentales alguna vez antes de la pandemia, los que están expuestos con frecuencia a pacientes con COVID-19, los infectados o en cuarentena / aislados, las mujeres y las enfermeras auxiliares deben considerarse grupos que necesitan seguimiento y apoyo de su salud mental. This work was supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación)/FEDER (COV20/00711); ISCIII (Sara Borrell, CD18/00049) (PM); FPU (FPU15/05728)); ISCIII (PFIS, FI18/00012); Generalitat de Catalunya (2017SGR452). Sí

Published
2021

4. Mental Health Impact of the First Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic on Spanish Healthcare Workers: a Large Cross-sectional Survey

Author

Alonso, Jordi, Vilagut, Gemma, Mortier, Philippe, Ferrer, Montse, Alayo, Itxaso, Aragón-Peña, Andrés, Aragonès, Enric, Campos, Mireia, Cura-González, Isabel D., Emparanza, José I., Espuga, Meritxell, Forjaz, M. Joao, González-Pinto, Ana, Haro Abad, Josep Maria, López-Fresneña, Nieves, Salázar, Alma D. Martínez de, Molina, Juan D., Ortí-Lucas, Rafael M., Parellada, Mara, Pelayo-Terán, José Maria, Pérez-Zapata, Aurora, Pijoan, José I., Plana, Nieves, Puig, Maria Teresa, Rius, Cristina, Rodríguez-Blázquez, Carmen, Sanz, Ferran, Serra, Consol, Kessler, Ronald, Bruffaerts, Ronny, Vieta, Eduard, Pérez-Solà, Víctor, and Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Necesidad de atención, MINDCOVID Working group, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Health Personnel, Adverse Mental Health, COVID-19 pandemic, Pandemia de COVID-19, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence of mental disorders, Trabajadores de la salud, Health care, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Need for Care, Psychiatry, Disability, Salud mental adversa, business.industry, Mental Disorders, Healthcare Workers, COVID-19, Panic, General Medicine, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Mental health, 030227 psychiatry, Occupational Diseases, Substance abuse, Psychiatry and Mental health, Mental Health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Mood, Trastornos mentales, Spain, Discapacidad, Anxiety, Original Article, Female, medicine.symptom, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

IntroductionHealthcare workers are vulnerable to adverse mental health impacts of COVID-19. We assessed prevalence of mental disorders and associated factors during the first wave of the pandemic among healthcare professionals in Spain.MethodsAll workers in 18 healthcare institutions (6 AACC) in Spain were invited to a series of online surveys assessing a wide range of individual characteristics, COVID-19 infection status and exposure, and mental health status. Here we report: current mental disorders (Major Depressive Disorder-MDD- [PHQ-8≥10], Generalized Anxiety Disorder-GAD- [GAD-7≥10], Panic attacks, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder –PTSD- [PCL-5≥7]; and Substance Use Disorder –SUD-[CAGE-AID≥2]. Severe disability assessed by the Sheehan Disability Scale was used to identify “disabling” current mental disorders.Results9,138 healthcare workers participated. Prevalence of screen-positive disorder: 28.1% MDD; 22.5% GAD, 24.0% Panic; 22.2% PTSD; and 6.2% SUD. Overall 45.7% presented any current and 14.5% any disabling current mental disorder. Healthcare workers with prior lifetime mental disorders had almost twice the prevalence of current disorders than those without. Adjusting for all other variables, odds of any disabling mental disorder were: prior lifetime disorders (TUS: OR=5.74; 95%CI 2.53-13.03; Mood: OR=3.23; 95%CI:2.27-4.60; Anxiety: OR=3.03; 95%CI:2.53-3.62); age category 18-29 years (OR=1.36; 95%CI:1.02-1.82), caring “all of the time” for COVID-19 patients (OR=5.19; 95%CI: 3.61-7.46), female gender (OR=1.58; 95%CI: 1.27-1.96) and having being in quarantine or isolated (OR= 1.60; 95CI:1.31-1.95).ConclusionsCurrent mental disorders were very frequent among Spanish healthcare workers during the first wave of COVID-19. As the pandemic enters its second wave, careful monitoring and support is needed for healthcare workers, especially those with previous mental disorders and those caring COVID-19 very often.

Published
2020
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