Search

Circadian disruption is pervasive and can occur at multiple organizational levels, contributing to poor health outcomes at individual and population levels. Evidence points to a bidirectional relationship, in that circadian disruption increases disease severity and many diseases can disrupt circadian rhythms. Importantly, circadian disruption can increase the risk for the expression and development of neurologic, psychiatric, cardiometabolic, and immune disorders. Thus, harnessing the rich findings from preclinical and translational research in circadian biology to enhance health via circadian-based approaches represents a unique opportunity for personalized/precision medicine and overall societal well-being. In this Review, we discuss the implications of circadian disruption for human health using a bench-to-bedside approach. Evidence from preclinical and translational science is applied to a clinical and population-based approach. Given the broad implications of circadian regulation for human health, this Review focuses its discussion on selected examples in neurologic, psychiatric, metabolic, cardiovascular, allergic, and immunologic disorders that highlight the interrelatedness between circadian disruption and human disease and the potential of circadian-based interventions, such as bright light therapy and exogenous melatonin, as well as chronotherapy to improve and/or modify disease outcomes., Circadian (circa, 'about,' and diem, 'day') rhythms are endogenous oscillations with an approximately 24-hour cycle. Circadian rhythms in physiology and behavior are organized by a central 'master' clock, the suprachiasmatic [...]

Objectives. We examined associations of race/ethnicity, gender, and sexual orientation with mental disorders among lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youths. Methods. We assessed mental disorders by administering a structured diagnostic interview to a community sample of 246 LGBT youths aged 16 to 20 years. Participants also completed the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI 18). Results. One third of participants met criteria for any mental disorder, 17% for conduct disorder, 15% for major depression, and 9% for posttraumatic stress disorder. Anorexia and bulimia were rare. Lifetime suicide attempts were frequent (31%) but less so in the prior 12 months (7%). Few racial/ethnic and gender differences were statistically significant. Bisexually identified youths had lower prevalences of every diagnosis. The BSI 18 had high negative predictive power (90%) and Iow positive predictive power (25%) for major depression. Conclusions. LGBT youths had higher prevalences of mental disorder diagnoses than youths in national samples, but were similar to representative samples of urban, racial/ethnic minority youths. Suicide behaviors were similar to those among representative youth samples in the same geographic area. Questionnaires measuring psychological distress may overestimate depression prevalence among this population. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:2426-2432. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.178319)

Objectives. We sought to describe the prevalence of mental health and illness, the stability of both diagnoses over time, and whether changes in mental health level predicted mental illness in a cohort group. Methods. In 2009, we analyzed data from the 1995 and 2005 Midlife in the United States cross-sectional surveys (n=1723), which measured positive mental health and 12-month mental disorders of major depressive episode, panic, and generalized anxiety disorders. Results. Population prevalence of any of 3 mental disorders and levels of mental health appeared stable but were dynamic at the individual level. Fifty-two percent of the 17.5% of respondents with any mental illness in 2005 were new cases; one half of those languishing in 1995 improved in 2005, and one half of those flourishing in 1995 declined in 2005. Change in mental health was strongly predictive of prevalence and incidence (operationalized as a new, not necessarily a first, episode) of mental illness in 2005. Conclusions. Gains in mental health predicted declines in mental illness, supporting the call for public mental health promotion; losses of mental health predicted increases in mental illness, supporting the call for public mental health protection. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:2366-2371. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2010.192245)

Objectives. We examined associations between perceived discrimination due to race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, or gender; responses to discrimination experiences; and psychiatric disorders. Methods. The sample included respondents in the 2004-2005 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (n=34653). We analyzed the associations between self-reported past-year discrimination and past-year psychiatric disorders as assessed with structured diagnostic interviews among Black (n=6587); Hispanic (n=6359); lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB; n=577); and female (n=20089) respondents. Results. Black respondents reported the highest levels of past-year discrimination, followed by LGB, Hispanic, and female respondents. Across groups, discrimination was associated with 12-month mood (odds ratio [ORs]=2.1-3.1), anxiety (ORs=1.8-3.3), and substance use (ORs=1.6-3.5) disorders. Respondents who reported not accepting discrimination and not discussing it with others had higher odds of psychiatric disorders (ORs=2.9-3.9) than did those who did not accept discrimination but did discuss it with others. Black respondents and women who accepted discrimination and did not talk about it with others had elevated rates of mood and anxiety disorders, respectively. Conclusions. Psychiatric disorders are more prevalent among individuals reporting past-year discrimination experiences. Certain responses to discrimination, particularly not disclosing it, are associated with psychiatric morbidity. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:1477-1484. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009. 181586>)

Objectives. We examined the determinants of mental health, as perceived by bisexual people, in order to begin understanding the disparities in the rates of mental health problems reported by bisexual people versus those reported by heterosexual people, and, in many studies, gay men and lesbians. Methods. Our community-based participatory action research project comprised focus groups and semistructured interviews with 55 bisexual people across the province of Ontario, Canada. Results. Perceived determinants of emotional well-being identified by participants could be classified as macrolevel (social structure), mesolevel (interpersonal), or microlevel (individual). In the context of this framework, monosexism and biphobia were perceived to exert a broad-reaching impact on participants' mental health. Conclusions. Like other marginalized populations, bisexual people perceive experiences of discrimination as important determinants of mental health problems. Additional research is required to examine the relationships between these perceived determinants of emotional well-being and specific mental health outcomes and to guide interventions, advocacy, and support for bisexual people. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:496-502. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.156307)

Objectives. We investigated whether there were gender differences in chronic medical, psychiatric, and substance-dependence disorders among jail inmates and whether substance dependence mediated any gender differences found. Methods. We analyzed data from a nationally representative survey of 6982 US jail inmates. Weighted estimates of disease prevalence were calculated by gender for chronic medical disorders (cancer, hypertension, diabetes, arthritis, asthma, hepatitis, and cirrhosis), psychiatric disorders (depressive, bipolar, psychotic, posttraumatic stress, anxiety, and personality), and substance-dependence disorders. We conducted logistic regression to examine the relationship between gender and these disorders. Results. Compared with men, women had a significantly higher prevalence of all medical and psychiatric conditions (P [less than or equal to] .01 for each) and drug dependence (P Conclusions. Women in jail had a higher burden of chronic medical disorders, psychiatric disorders, and drug dependence than men, including conditions found more commonly in men in the general population. Thus, there is a need for targeted attention to the chronic medical, psychiatric, and drug-treatment needs of women at risk for incarceration, both in jail and after release. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:476-482. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.149591)

Objectives. We examined the relation between living in states that instituted bans on same-sex marriage during the 2004 and 2005 elections and the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) populations. Methods. We used data from wave 1 (2001-2002) and wave 2 (2004-2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (N=34653), a longitudinal, nationally representative study of noninstitutionalized US adults. Results. Psychiatric disorders defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, increased significantly between waves 1 and 2 among LGB respondents living in states that banned gay marriage for the following outcomes: any mood disorder (36.6% increase), generalized anxiety disorder (248.2% increase), any alcohol use disorder (41.9% increase), and psychiatric comorbidity (36.3% increase). These psychiatric disorders did not increase significantly among LGB respondents living in states without constitutional amendments. Additionally, we found no evidence for increases of the same magnitude among heterosexuals living in states with constitutional amendments. Conclusions. Living in states with discriminatory policies may have pernicious consequences for the mental health of LGB populations. These findings lend scientific support to recent efforts to overturn these policies. (Am J Public Health. 2010;100:452-459. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2009.168815)

The objective of this study was to assess the extent to which maternal prenatal mental illness is associated with mothers' health insurance status 12-18 months after giving birth. The sample consisted of 2,956 urban, mostly unwed, mothers who gave birth in 20 large U.S. cities between 1998 and 2000 and participated in the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing birth cohort study. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to assess associations between maternal prenatal mental illness and whether the mother had private, public, or no insurance one year after the birth. Covariates included the mother's and child's physical health status, the father's physical and mental health status, and numerous other maternal, paternal, and family characteristics. Potential mediating factors were explored. The results showed that mothers with prenatal diagnosed mental illness were almost half as likely as those without mental illness diagnoses to have private insurance (vs. no insurance) one year after the birth. Among mothers who did not have a subsequent pregnancy, those with prenatal mental illness were less likely than those without mental illness diagnoses to have public insurance than to be uninsured. Screening positive for depression or anxiety at one year decreased the likelihood that the mother had either type of insurance. Policies to improve private mental health care coverage and public mental health services among mothers with young children may yield both private and social benefits. Encounters with the health care and social service systems experienced by pregnant and postpartum women present opportunities for connecting mothers to needed mental health services and facilitating their maintenance of health insurance. Keywords Health insurance * Mental illness * Maternal health * Infant health * Medicaid, Virtually all women in the United States have health insurance when their children are born. However, many lose coverage shortly thereafter. For example, in the recent Fragile Families and Child [...]

Objectives. We investigated the modifying effect of state-level policies on the association between lesbian, gay, or bisexual status and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders. Methods. Data were from wave 2 of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a nationally representative study of noninstitutionalized US adults (N=34653). States were coded for policies extending protections against hate crimes and employment discrimination based on sexual orientation. Results. Compared with living in states with policies extending protections, living in states without these policies predicted a significantly stronger association between lesbian, gay, or bisexual status and psychiatric disorders in the past 12 months, including generalized anxiety disorder (F=3.87; dr=2; P=.02), post-traumatic stress disorder (F=3.42; dr=2; P=.04), and dysthymia (F=5.20; df=2; P=.02). Living in states with policies that did not extend protections also predicted a stronger relation between lesbian, gay, or bisexual status and psychiatric comorbidity (F=2.47; dr=2; P=.04). Conclusions. State-level protective policies modify the effect of lesbian, gay, or bisexual status on psychiatric disorders. Policies that reduce discrimination against gays and lesbians are urgently needed to protect the health and well-being of this population. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:2275-2281. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.153510)

Objectives. We examined potential pathways by which time in the United States may relate to differences in the predicted probability of past-year psychiatric disorder among Latino immigrants as compared with US-born Latinos. Methods. We estimated predicted probabilities of psychiatric disorder for US-born and immigrant groups with varying time in the United States, adjusting for different combinations of covariates. We examined 6 pathways by which time in the United States could be associated with psychiatric disorders. Results. Increased time in the United States is associated with higher risk of psychiatric disorders among Latino immigrants. After adjustment for covariates, differences in psychiatric disorder rates between US-born and immigrant Latinos disappear. Discrimination and family cultural conflict appear to play a significant role in the association between time in the United States and the likelihood of developing psychiatric disorders. Conclusions. Increased perceived discrimination and family cultural conflict are pathways by which acculturation might relate to deterioration of mental health for immigrants. Future studies assessing how these implicit pathways evolve as contact with US culture increases may help to identify strategies for ensuring maintenance of mental health for Latino immigrants. (Am J Public Health. 2009;99:2247-2254. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.137091)

Objectives. We sought to describe the prevalence, characteristics, and mental health problems of children who experience perceived racial/ethnic discrimination. Methods. We analyzed cross-sectional data from a study of 5147 fifth-grade students and their parents from public schools in 3 US metropolitan areas. We used multivariate logistic regression (overall and stratified by race/ethnicity) to examine the associations of sociodemographic factors and mental health problems with perceived racial/ethnic discrimination. Results. Fifteen percent of children reported perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, with 80% reporting that discrimination occurred at school. A greater percentage of Black (20%), Hispanic (15%), and other (16%) children reported perceived racial/ethnic discrimination compared with White (7%) children. Children who reported perceived racial/ethnic discrimination were more likely to have symptoms of each of the 4 mental health conditions included in the analysis: depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. An association between perceived racial/ ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms was found for Black, Hispanic, and other children but not for White children. Conclusions. Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination is not an uncommon experience among fifth-grade students and may be associated with a variety of mental health disorders. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.144329)

Objectives. We examined the relationship between childhood abuse and adult health risk behaviors, and we explored whether adult health risk behaviors or mental health problems mediated the relationship between childhood abuse and adult health problems and health care utilization. Methods. We used logistic regression to analyze data from the Mental Health Supplement of the Ontario Health Survey, a representative population sample (N=8116) of respondents aged 15 to 64 years. Results. We found relationships between childhood sexual abuse and smoking (odds ratio [OR]=1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]=1.16, 1.99), alcohol problems (OR=2.44; 95% CI=1.74, 3.44), obesity (OR=1.61; 95% CI=1.14, 2.27), having more than 1 sexual partner in the previous year (OR=2.34; 95% CI=1.44, 3.80), and mental health problems (OR=2.26; 95% CI=1.78.2.87). We also found relationships between these factors (with the exception of obesity) and childhood physical abuse. Mediation analysis suggested that health risk behaviors and particularly mental health problems are partial mediators of the relationship between childhood abuse and adult health. Conclusions. Public health approaches that aim to decrease child abuse by supporting positive parent-child relationships, reducing the development of health risk behaviors, and addressing children's mental health are likely to improve long-term population health. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2007.122408)

Objectives. We analyzed the prevalence of chronic illnesses, including mental illness, and access to health care among US inmates. Methods. We used the 2002 Survey of Inmates in Local Jails and the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities to analyze disease prevalence and clinical measures of access to health care for inmates. Results. Among inmates in federal prisons, state prisons, and local jails, 38.5% (SE=2.2%), 42.8% (SE=1.1%), and 38.7% (SE=0.7%), respectively, suffered a chronic medical condition. Among inmates with a mental condition ever treated with a psychiatric medication, only 25.5% (SE=7.5%) of federal, 29.6% (SE=2.8%) of state, and 38.5% (SE=1.5%) of local jail inmates were taking a psychiatric medication at the time of arrest, whereas 69.1% (SE=4.8%), 68.6% (SE=1.9%), and 45.5% (SE=1.6%) were on a psychiatric medication after admission. Conclusions. Many inmates with a serious chronic physical illness fail to receive care while incarcerated. Among inmates with mental illness, most were off their treatments at the time of arrest. Improvements are needed both in correctional health care and in community mental health services that might prevent crime and incarceration. (doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.144279)

Objectives. We investigated mental disorders, suicidal ideation, self-perceived need for treatment, and mental health service utilization attributable to exposure to peacekeeping and combat operations among Canadian military personnel. Methods. With data from the Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 1.2 Canadian Forces Supplement, a cross-sectional population-based survey of active Canadian military personnel (N=8441), we estimated population attributable fractions (PAFs) of adverse mental health outcomes. Results. Exposure to either combat or peacekeeping operations was associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (men: PAF=46.6%; 95% confidence interval [CI]=27.3, 62.7; women: PAF=23.6%; 95% CI=9.2, 40.1), 1 or more mental disorder assessed in the survey (men: PAF=9.3%; 95% CI=0.4, 18.1; women: PAF=6.1%; 95% CI=0.0, 13.4), and a perceived need for information (men: PAF=12.3%; 95% CI=4.1, 20.6; women: PAF=7.9%; 95% CI=1.3, 15.5). Conclusions. A substantial proportion, but not the majority, of mental health-related outcomes were attributable to combat or peacekeeping deployment. Future studies should assess traumatic events and their association with physical injury during deployment, premilitary factors, and postdeployment psychosocial factors that may influence soldiers' mental health. doi:10.2105/AJPH.2008.134205

Byline: Mary R. Suchyta (1,2), Callie J. Beck (3), Colin W. Key (3), Al Jephson (1,2), Ramona O. Hopkins (1,2,3,4) Keywords: ICU; Critical care; Alcohol dependence; Drug dependence; Substance dependence; Psychiatric disorders Abstract: Objective Substance dependence disorders are common in hospitalized patients and are associated with poor recovery. We compared mortality and discharge disposition in critically ill patients with and without substance dependence and patients with and without psychiatric disorders. We also compared the prevalence of substance dependence and psychiatric disorders to population data. Methods All medical records of shock trauma intensive care unit (ICU) patients (mixed medical and surgical) at LDS Hospital were reviewed for pre-critical illness alcohol dependence, drug dependence, and psychiatric disorders. Results There were 742 critically ill patients of whom 54% were male, acute respiratory distress syndrome developed in 5.5% and hospital mortality was 21%. The mean acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II scores were 16.5 +- 7.9, sequential organ failure assessment scores were 6.7 +- 4.2, duration of mechanical ventilation was 5 +- 6.2 days, ICU length of stay (LOS) was 7.3 +- 10.1 days, hospital LOS was 12.3 +- 12.9 days. Multivariable regression analyses found psychiatric disorders predicted higher hospital mortality (Odds ratio = 1.50), but was not statistically significant (p = 0.08) substance dependence predicted shorter hospital LOS (R .sup.2 = 0.08, p = 0.01) after controlling for covariates. There was a higher prevalence of substance dependence compared to Utah (p < 0.001) and US population data (p < 0.001). The prevalence of psychiatric disorders was significantly lower in our patients compared to US population data (19 vs. 26%, p < 0.001). Conclusions Our data suggest that substance dependence increases hospital LOS and that patients with drug or alcohol dependence are at higher risk for ICU admission compared to the general population. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, LDS Hospital, Salt Lake City, UT, USA (2) Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Intermountain Medical Center, 5121 South Cotttonwood Street, Murray, UT, 84107, USA (3) Psychology Department, 1001 SWKT, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, 84602, USA (4) Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA Article History: Registration Date: 01/09/2008 Received Date: 25/01/2008 Accepted Date: 16/07/2008 Online Date: 18/09/2008 Article note: This article is discussed in the editorial available at: doi: 10.1007/s00134-008-1261-y.

Objectives. We assessed the detection of mental illness in an adult population of substance abuse patients and the rate of referral for mental health treatment. Methods. We obtained combined administrative records from 1994 to 1997 provided by the New Jersey substance abuse and mental health systems and estimated detection and referral rates of patients with co-occurring disorders (n = 47379). Mental illness was considered detected if a diagnosis was in the record and considered undetected if a diagnosis was not in the record but the patient was seen in both treatment systems within the same 12-month period. Predictors of detection and referral were identified. Results. The detection rate of co-occurring mental illness was 21.9% (n = 10364); 57.9% (n = 6001) of these individuals were referred for mental health treatment. Methadone maintenance clinics had the lowest detection rate but the highest referral rate. Male, Hispanic, and African American patients, as well as those who used heroin or were in the criminal justice system, had a higher risk of mental illness not being detected. Once detected, African American patients, heroin users, and patients in the criminal justice system were less likely to be referred for treatment. Conclusions. There is a need to improve the detection of mental illness among substance abuse patients and to provide integrated treatment.

Objectives. We examined the association between psychiatric disorders and tobacco use during pregnancy. Methods. Data were derived from a population-based cohort of 744 pregnant African American and White low-income women living in urban and rural areas. The Diagnostic Interview Schedule was used to assess women for 20 different psychiatric disorders. Results. In comparison with nonusers, persistent tobacco users (women who had used tobacco after confirmation of their pregnancy) and nonpersistent users (women who had used tobacco but not after pregnancy confirmation) were 2.5 and 2 times as likely to have a psychiatric disorder. Twenty-five percent of persistent users had at least 1 of the following diagnoses: generalized anxiety disorder, bipolar I disorder, oppositional disorder, drug abuse or dependence, and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. Conclusions. In this cohort study, 5 diagnoses were more prevalent among persistent tobacco users than among nonusers, suggesting that several psychiatric disorders contribute to difficulty discontinuing tobacco use during pregnancy. Smoking cessation efforts focusing on pregnant women may need to address co-occurring psychiatric disorders if they are to be successful.

Objectives. We assessed the extent to which borderline mental retardation and mental retardation at preschool ages are related to emotional and behavioral problems in young adulthood. We also explored early risk factors for having mental health problems as a young adult that might be related to preschool differences in cognitive ability. Methods. We used data from a cohort of births studied in the Johns Hopkins Collaborative Perinatal Study and followed up in the Pathways to Adulthood Study. Preschool cognitive functioning was assessed at 4 years of age. Individual characteristics, psychosocial factors, and mental problems were prospectively evaluated from birth through young adulthood. Results. Children with subaverage cognitive abilities were more likely to develop mental health problems than their counterparts with IQs above 80. Inadequate family interactions were shown to increase 2- to 4-fold the risk of emotional or behavioral problems among children with borderline mental retardation. Conclusions. Subaverage cognitive functioning in early life increases later risk of mental health problems. Future research may help to delineate possible impediments faced at different developmental stages and guide changes in supportive services to better address the needs of children with borderline mental retardation.

Objectives. We examined the degree to which lay beliefs about the causes of disorders may predict beliefs about what constitutes appropriate treatment. Methods. We analyzed randomized vignette data from the MacArthur Mental Health Module of the 1996 General Social Survey (n = 1010). Results. Beliefs in biological causes (i.e., chemical imbalance, genes) were significantly associated with the endorsement of professional, biologically focused treatments (e.g., prescription medication, psychiatrists, and mental hospital admissions). Belief that the way a person was raised was the cause of a condition was the only nonbiologically based causal belief associated with any treatment recommendations (talking to a clergy member). Conclusions. Lay beliefs about the biological versus nonbiological causes of mental and substance abuse disorders are related to beliefs regarding appropriate treatment. We suggest areas for further research with regard to better understanding this relationship in an effort to construct effective messages promoting treatment for mental health and substance abuse disorders.

Objectives. We measured perceived discrimination and its association with common mental disorders among workers in the United Kingdom. Methods. We conducted a secondary analysis of a national sample of 6 ethnic groups (n=2054). Discrimination was measured as reports of insults; unfair treatment at work; or job denial stemming from race, religion, or language. The outcome assessed was presence of common mental disorders. Results. The risk of mental disorders was highest among ethnic minority individuals reporting unfair treatment (odds ratio [OR]=2.0; 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.2, 3.2) and racial insults (OR=2.3; 95% CI=1.4, 3.6). The overall greatest risks were observed among Black Caribbeans exposed to unfair treatment at work (OR=2.9; 95% CI=1.2, 7.3) and Indian (OR=3.1; 95% CI=1.4, 7.2), Bangladeshi (OR=32.9; 95% CI=2.5, 436.0), and Irish (OR=2.9; 95% CI=1.1, 7.6) individuals reporting insults. Conclusions. Racial/ethnic discrimination shows strong associations with common mental disorders.

Humans have always taken psychotropic substances of one kind or another, but the pattern and prevalence of British drug use has altered dramatically over the past decade. There is still [...]

Frequent house moves during childhood increase the risk of psychological distress and unhealthy behaviours in later life, suggests a study in the west of Scotland. Researchers assessed the health of [...]

A relatively low percentage of U.S. adults strongly agree that others are caring and sympathetic to people with mental illness, a finding that suggests negative attitudes may be hindering people [...]

Almost half of cancer survivors in Northern Ireland have physical and mental health problems years after treatment has finished. Research by Macmillan Cancer Support and Queen's University Belfast found that [...]

THE PRINCE'S Trust has warned that mental health problems among young people are rising because of increasing unemployment rates. A survey of more than 2,000 people aged 16 to 25 [...]

Exposure to second-hand smoke is associated with psychological distress and the risk of future mental illness in healthy adults. Second-hand smoke has been linked to various somatic health outcomes, although [...]

Babies born preterm carry some risk of developing psychiatric disorders requiring hospital admission in adolescence and young adulthood. Increasing numbers of infants born preterm survive into adulthood. Previous studies have [...]

Prisoners who do not know when they will be released because they are deemed to pose a danger to the public are particularly prone to having a mental health problem, [...]

Homeless children are up to four times more likely to develop mental health problems than their counterparts in mainstream society, according to a new report produced for Shelter. The charity [...]