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Byline: Svenja Happe (1,2), Peter Anderer (3), Walter Pirker (1), Gerhard Klosch (1), Georg Gruber (3), Bernd Saletu (3), Josef Zeitlhofer (1) Keywords: K-complex; sleep spindle; Parkinson's disease; SPECT; dopamine Abstract: Abstract Objectives Along with spindles, K-complexes are well known hallmarks of stage 2 (S2) sleep. However, little is known about their quantity in S2 sleep of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Setting Sleep laboratory, Department of Neurology, University of Vienna, Austria. Patients and methods Whole-night polysomnography (PSG) was performed in twelve treated PD patients and ten healthy controls without history of sleep complaints. The quantity of spontaneous K-complexes, K-alpha-complexes, and sleep spindles in one hour S2 sleep, distributed in four epochs of 15 minutes all through the night, were visually selected and analysed. The quantity and the temporal course of these phasic events were compared with the quantity in age-matched healthy controls. Nine of the twelve PD patients underwent [[.sup.123]I][beta]-CIT SPECT for calculating dopamine transporter binding in the striatum and serotonin transporter density in the thalamus-hypothalamus region. Results There was no difference between the quantity of K-complexes, K-alpha-complexes, and sleep spindles in PD patients and in the healthy control group. K-complexes but not sleep spindles decreased over the night in both groups. The number of sleep spindles did not correlate with the dopamine transporter binding in the striatum or the serotonin binding in the thalamic/hypothalamic region. Conclusion K-complexes and sleep spindles are not reduced and do not seem to be related to the degree of dopaminergic degeneration in treated PD patients. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Neurology, University of Vienna, Austria (2) Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Gottingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37099, Gottingen, Germany (3) Department of Psychiatry, University of Vienna, Austria Article History: Registration Date: 01/01/2004 Received Date: 09/02/2004 Accepted Date: 27/05/2004 Article note: This research was supported in part by the European Commission, DG XII (Project Biomed-2 BMH4-CT97--2040 'SIESTA') and by the Austrian National Bank (Project 7870). Svenja Happe, MD, was recipient for a fellowship stipend of the European Neurological Society (ENS).

Byline: Svenja Happe (1), Josef Zeitlhofer (1) Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Clinical Neurology, Vienna General Hospital, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, AT (2) Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Gottingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Gottingen, Germany. shappe@gwdg.de, DE Article note: Received: 2 August 2002, Accepted: 7 October 2002 Correspondence to Svenja Happe, MD

Byline: Svenja Happe (1), Walter Pirker (2), Gerhard Klosch (2), Cornelia Sauter (2), Josef Zeitlhofer (2) Keywords: Key words [123I][beta]-CIT; Parkinson's disease (PD); periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS); polysomnography; SPECT Abstract: We used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to study striatal [[.sup.123]I][beta]-CIT binding and polysomnography to study periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMS) in eleven patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD). The reduced striatal [[.sup.123]I][beta]-CIT binding was significantly correlated with the number of PLMS. We propose that striatal dopaminergic nerve cell loss is involved in the increased number of PLMS in PD patients. Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany. shappe@gwdg.de, DE (2) Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Vienna, Austria, AT Article note: Received: 26 April 2002, Received in revised form: 21 August 2002, Accepted: 29 August 2002 Correspondence to Svenja Happe, MD

Byline: Svenja Happe (1), Walter Pirker (1), Cornelia Sauter (1), Gerhard Klosch (1), Josef Zeitlhofer (1) Author Affiliation: (1) Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Vienna, Austria, AT (2) Department of Neurology, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Strasse 33, 48129 Muenster, Germany Tel.: +49-2 51-8 34-81 93 Fax: +49-2 51-8 34-81 81 e-mail: happes@uni-muenster.de, DE Article note: Received: 27 October 2000 / Received in revised form: 29 December 2000 / Accepted: 23 February 2001

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