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Many transgender young adults are unaware of the role of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in HIV prevention. Our aim was to understand where transgender and gender-diverse young adults receive health information about HIV and PrEP and their preferences for future learning. Semistructured, qualitative individual and group interviews were done with 14 transgender and gender-diverse young adults. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the interviews related to (1) making trustworthy education materials, (2) the importance of communities, (3) knowledge needed about PrEP, and (4) a lack of early and diverse classroom education. Transgender and genderdiverse persons are at higher risk for HIV than their cisgender peers, yet they have information gaps and hold misconceptions about preventative measures like PrEP. Such misconceptions may be addressed by early, inclusive conversations about HIV transmission and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of citizens in creating urban green spaces is a promising approach to promoting health and wellbeing while facilitating the development of equitable cities more prepared for the challenges of climate change. This systematic review provides an overview of the current state of knowledge by synthesizing and summarizing scholarly articles reporting studies on the health effects of participation in green space creation. A review protocol was preregistered on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42023454363). Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched six databases for studies published since 2003. After screening 2676 records, we found 133 studies matching our inclusion criteria and summarized the findings on health effects in qualitative and quantitative research, differentiating between study types, population types, and intervention types. In addition, we explored secondary outcomes mentioned in the included articles. The majority of studies reported positive impacts of participatory green space creation on general, mental, and physical health. Moreover, many studies reported other personal and social benefits. The results of this review indicate that the participatory creation of urban green spaces represents a promising approach to promoting health and wellbeing. Nevertheless, further high-quality, quantitative research is required to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the relationship between participatory green space activities and health, particularly with regard to the benefits of specific intervention types and subpopulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a prevalent and ever-expanding issue across the country which affects many aspects of the afflicted lives. Schools can help combat the spread of obesity through the frequency of contact with students and the implementation of physical activity via physical education. However, many districts understaff and underfund physical education. It is imperative for physical education teachers to be able to affect change with limited time and resources. A review of the literature shows a clear path for how physical education affects body composition. The primary focus of this review of the literature explores the effects of incorporating high-intensity interval training into the physical education environment. The review of the literature primarily utilized systematic reviews, random control trials, and quasi-experimental designs. Researchers across the vast majority of the literature reviewed concluded that physical education incorporating high-intensity interval training or high-intensity interval training for adolescents leads to improvements in varying measures of body composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescence is an important time for addressing health, including mental health, obesity, substance use, and food insecurity. As the myriad health and wellness needs of community members expands, it becomes increasingly difficult for one profession alone to address these needs. The park and recreation field was founded to address the health and wellness needs of people, and much of their programming is focused on youth. Thus, municipal park and recreation departments are becoming increasingly involved in collaborative partnerships with other health-serving agencies within their community. This study explored park and recreation directors' experiences in collaborating with health agencies to better address health and wellness factors that affect the youth in their communities. This phenomenological qualitative study employed in-depth interviews with park and recreation directors and used thematic analysis. Nine interviews were conducted from four of the six New England states. The most common health concern seen by the directors was mental health, primarily behavioral health challenges. Parks and recreation collaboration with public health organizations ranged from none to close collaborations; directors regularly spoke about wanting to strengthen their collaborations. Public health and park and recreation staff have similar challenges with staffing and resources; additionally, they have complimentary skills with regard to planning and implementing health-related programs. For that reason, creating purposeful collaborative partnerships between public health agencies and park and recreation departments, focused on measurable outcomes, may increase benefits to the health of youth in a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the late 18th century, molecular hydrogen (H2) has been shown to be well tolerated, firstly in animals, and then in humans. However, although research into the beneficial effects of molecular hydrogen in both plant and mammalian physiology is gaining momentum, the idea of utilising this electrochemically neutral and non-polar diatomic compound for the benefit of health has yet to be widely accepted by regulatory bodies worldwide. Due to the precise mechanisms of H2 activity being as yet undefined, the lack of primary target identification, coupled with difficulties regarding administration methods (e.g., dosage and dosage frequencies, long-term effects of treatment, and the patient's innate antioxidant profile), there is a requirement for H2 research to evidence how it can reasonably and most effectively be incorporated into medical practice. This review collates and assesses the current information regarding the many routes of molecular hydrogen administration in animals and humans, whilst evaluating how targeted delivery methods could be integrated into a modern healthcare system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nowadays, more and more women are engaging in entrepreneurial activities. Meanwhile, female entrepreneurs' health problems have been increasingly reported worldwide. What factors would influence female entrepreneurs' health are the subject of this paper.Methods: This paper focuses on the effects of entrepreneurial experience and age of firm on female entrepreneurs' health through the analysis of 2 years of tracking data in the Bohai Economic Rim, which is one of the most developed areas for entrepreneurial activities in China.Results: Results from the samples of female entrepreneurs demonstrate that increasing entrepreneurial experience and growing firm age could help female entrepreneurs to activate multiple positive identities. These identities can help female entrepreneurs cope with gender stereotype threat and maintain good health.Conclusion: This paper contributes to entrepreneur health research in two aspects. First, this study focused on entrepreneurial history indexed by entrepreneurial experience and firm age, enriching the field of female entrepreneurship. Second, this study further explored the mechanism that women cope with stereotype threat in the context of entrepreneurship. At the same time, this paper addresses ways that policy-makers and social media are responsible to help female entrepreneurs stay healthy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and communication technology (ICT) can provide knowledge and clinical support to those working in residential aged care facilities (RACFs). This paper aims to: (1) review literature on ICT targeted at residents, staff and external providers in RACFs including general practitioners, dental and allied health professionals on improving residents' oral health; (2) identify barriers and enablers to using ICT in promoting oral health at RACFs; and (3) investigate evidence of effectiveness of these approaches in promoting oral health. Findings from this narrative literature review indicate that ICT is not widely used in RACFs, with barriers to usage identified as limited training for staff, difficulties accessing the Internet, limited computer literacy particularly in older staff, cost and competing work demands. Residents also faced barriers including impaired cognitive and psychosocial functioning, limited computer literacy and Internet use. Findings suggest that more education and training in ICT to upskill staff and residents is needed to effectively promote oral health through this medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the prevalence of a Brugada-type pattern on routine electrocardiogram (ECG) in an urban population served by a tertiary medical center in the United States. Methods: The investigators reviewed the ECG database at the Montefiore Medical Center, a tertiary teaching center in the Bronx, New York, over a 10-year period. During this time, 653,006 ECG records in 162,590 patients were identified. The database was queried by applying standard diagnostic criteria in an attempt to identify records with apparent conduction delay and ST abnormality in leads V1¿V3. Additional diagnostic criteria were then applied to identify records in an attempt to mimic Brugada-like changes. A cardiac electrophysiologist reviewed records meeting these criteria to confirm the presence of a Brugada-type pattern. Results: In total, 16,067 patients (9.8%) were identified as having ECGs with right bundle branch block, incomplete right bundle branch block, or RSR¿ in leads V1 and V2. After applying additional diagnostic criteria evaluating ST segment shift, 456 patients were identified as having a pattern potentially consistent with a Brugada-type ECG. The presence of a Brugada-type pattern was confirmed by physician overread in 20 patients (0.012%). Conclusion: The Brugada-type ECG pattern is infrequently seen in a large ethnically diverse urban US population. Further evaluation should be considered when this pattern is seen on routine ECG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Avanish. Saklani, Mufaddal. Kazi, Ashwin. Desouza, Ankit. Sharma, Reena. Engineer, Rahul. Krishnatry, Shivkumar. Gudi, Vikas. Ostwal, Anant. Ramaswamy, Aditya. Dhanwat, Prabhat. Bhargava, Shaesta. Mehta, Sridhar. Sundaram, Aditya. Kale, Mahesh. [...]

Byline: S. Somashekhar, Elroy. Saldanha, Kalyan. Pandey, Rohit. Kumar, K. Ashwin Background: Minimally invasive surgery in rectal cancer has gained prominence owing to its various advantages in surgical outcomes. Due [...]

Substance use, a significant public health issue, is well described in the adult chronic kidney disease (CKD) population. Knowledge about substance use in the adolescent and young adult (AYA) CKD population such as prevalence, impact on kidney function, medication adherence, and psychosocial well-being remain largely unknown. Awareness of and inquiring about substance use is paramount to providing evidence-based care and preparation to transition to adult-focused health services. The authors in this review identify commonly used substances (alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, etc.) and how they impact kidney function and care of the AYA with CKD or kidney failure. Recommendations for screening and intervention strategies are provided., Author(s): Nianzhou Xiao [sup.1] , Hua Chai [sup.2] , Abiodun Omoloja [sup.3] [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.414129.b, 0000 0004 0430 081X, Department of Nephrology, Valley Children's Healthcare, , Madera, CA, [...]

Byline: Hamza. Sekkat, Amine. Souadka, Leila. Alaoui, Ali. Rafik, Zakaria. Belkhadir, Laila. Amrani, Amine. Benkabbou, Raouf. Mohsine, Anass. Majbar Objective: This study aimed to analyse the learning curve (LC) in [...]

Introduction: Latino Americans tend to have a familismo cultural value, in which grandparents often live with grandchildren and are involved in grandchildren rearing. The purpose of this study was to examine how grandparent(s) coresidence is associated with Latino American children's physical activity and screen time. Methods: This study used 2009-2010 Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) Survey data that consisted of 2,608 Latino students from 5th to 10th grade. Associations between grandparent(s) coresidence and Latino children's physical activity /screen time were examined using logistic regression and generalized ordered logistic regression while controlling for children's sociodemographic variables, health-related variables, and family composition and relationship variables. Results: Grandparent(s) coresidence was associated with higher odds of being physically active for at least 60 min daily in the past 7 days but was not significantly associated with frequency/time of vigorous intensity physical activity. In addition, grandparent(s) coresidence was associated with higher odds of exceeding 2 hr of daily screen time during weekdays and weekend days. Discussion: Interventions aimed at promoting Latino children's physical activity should pay particular attention to use of screen-based media among children living with grandparents. In addition, it may be promising to involve Latino grandparents in promotion of Latino children's physical activity. Public Significance Statement Latino Americans tend to have a familismo cultural value, in which grandparents often live with grandchildren and are involved in grandchildren rearing. We examine how grandparent(s) coresidence is associated with Latino children's physical activity and screen time, and provide suggestions for developing family-based intervention/education programs to promote physical activity for Latino children. Keywords: children, grandparent, Latino/Hispanic, physical activity, screen time, Physical activity (PA) provides various health benefits to children and is particularly important to Latino American children who have a high obesity prevalence rate (Ogden et al., 2016; Skinner et [...]

Byline: Dong-ping. Hu, Xiao-long. Zhu, He. Wang, Wen-han. Liu, Yao-chun. Lv, Xin-long. Shi, Li-li. Feng, Wei-sheng. Zhang, Xiong-Fei. Yang Background: The robotic technique has been established as an alternative approach [...]

Byline: A. Shreedhara, Sruthi. Nair, Madathipat. Unnikrishnan, S. Sandhyamani, P. Sarma, Muralidharan. Nair, C. Sarada Background: Response to thymectomy in myasthenia gravis (MG) is influenced by various patient-, disease-, and [...]

Byline: Ajay. Hrishi P, Karen. Lionel We report a case of intracranial arteriovenous malformation (AVM) bleed which presented as an acute cardiac failure with delayed neurological symptoms in secondary to [...]

Byline: Mahesh. Kamate Treatment and outcome of children with acute encephalopathy depend on the cause, prompt treatment of the underlying cause, and use of adequate supportive measures. Many novel causes [...]

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, also known as prion diseases, are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that affect humans and animals. An atypical form of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) was recently identified in cattle [...]

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, or prion diseases, are a group of neurodegenerative disorders that include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats, and bovine spongiform encephalopaty (BSE) in [...]

Byline: Laura Baty, BA (University of Missouri School of Medicine); Jeff Hollister, MD (Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri); Joseph D. Tobias, MD (Department of Anesthesiology, University of Missouri, Tobiasj@health.missouri.edu, [...]

Byline: Andeep. Kukkar, Harsha. Panchal, Asha. Anand Primary neuroendocrine tumors of the thymus are unusual anterior mediastinal tumors with a variable prognosis. A retrospective analysis of five patients with primary [...]

* Context.--Numerous histomorphologic and staging classifications of thymic epithelial tumors (TETs) have been proposed during the last century, suggesting that the classification of these tumors is challenging and controversial. Difficulties of classifying TETs include various combinations of epithelial cells and lymphocytes and the paucity of these tumors. The prognostic significance, specifically of the histomorphologic classifications, has been debated. Early classifications were also challenged by the uncertainty of the neoplastic component(s) of the tumor. Objective.--To discuss the evolution of the histomorphologic classification and the staging system of TET. Controversies and problems of some classifications and their importance for therapeutic management and prognosis will be reviewed. Classifications that incorporated new concepts and approaches at the time or outcome studies will be highlighted. Current classifications will be discussed and the staging system that was recently proposed for the upcoming eighth American Joint Committee on Cancer staging will be described. Data Sources.--Search of literature database (PubMed) and current (2015) World Health Organization classification. Conclusions.--Histomorphologic and staging classifications of TET have evolved during the last century and especially during the era of Thomas V. Colby, MD. Evidence supports that the staging system has prognostic implications independent of and superior to the histomorphologic classification. Histomorphology appears to be important for biologic features of TET. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2017;141:232-246; doi: 10.5858/arpa.2016-0057-RA), Thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), including thymomas, thymic carcinomas, and thymic neuroendocrine tumors, are neoplasms that in general occur in the prevascular (anterior) mediastinum. Although TETs represent the most common primary [...]

Byline: Arvind. Kumar, Vinay. Goyal, Belal. Asaf, Anjan. Trikha, Jayashree. Sood, C. Vijay Context (Background): We report our experience with robotic thymectomy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG)and provide data [...]

I. Introduction A. The Renin-angiotensin system B. Scope of this review II. Angiotensin II Structure-Activity Relationships A. Receptor binding and activation B. Antagonism by ANG II analogs C. Desensitization and [...]

Aims: To determine the levels of IgG class antibodies to recombinant heat shock protein 60 kDa of Yersinia enterocolitica (rHSP60Ye), Klebsiella pneumoniae (rHSP60Kp), Escherichia coli (rHSP60Ec), Shigella flexneri (rHSP60Sf), and [...]

I. INTRODUCTION: EVIDENCE OF CALCIUM SENSITIZATION AND DESENSITIZATION Recognition that calcium is the intracellular messenger that triggers muscle contraction (144) by binding, in striated muscles, to the Ca-binding protein troponin [...]

Aims: To investigate the physical status of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-1 6) in low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) as a means of determining the percentage of viral integration. Methods: [...]

Neurological signs have been described as 'false localising' if they reflect dysfunction distant or remote from the expected anatomical locus of pathology, hence challenging the traditional clinicoanatomical correlation paradigm on [...]

I. INTRODUCTION There is general agreement that the relatively high prevalence of hypertension ([approximately]15-20%) in most developed countries has a significant impact on the risk of cardiovascular, renal, and other [...]

Byline: Altug. Osken, Nizamettin. Yelgec, Regayip. Zehir, Tugba. Oz, Selcuk. Yaylaci, Ramazan. Akdemir, Huseyin. Gunduz Drug-induced torsades de pointes (TdP) is a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect of commonly [...]

I. INTRODUCTION Potassium channels play a central role in the maintenance and regulation of the cellular membrane potential in smooth muscle. In many types of smooth muscle cells, the membrane [...]

Wild or reared monkeys have been used as disease models in animal facilities worldwide. Because disease caused by hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonosis (7-4), monkeys might be infected. [...]