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ObjectivePrior studies showed mixed results of the association between grandchild care and grandparents’ health. This research focused on the mechanisms behind the above link by studying how internet use served as a mediator through which grandchild care has impacted grandparents’ health. The study aimed to draw implications to improve health of grandparents who offer care to grandchildren.MethodsUsing a sample of 16,829 grandparents aged 50 through 80 from the 2018 wave of China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the study relied on the KHB method to conduct the analysis. Grandparental health was measured by self-rated health (SRH), instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), life satisfaction and depression.ResultsOverall, grandchild care had a positive effect on grandparental health. Those who engaged in grandchild care were more likely to use internet. In addition, internet use mediated the ways in which grandchild care impacted grandparents’ health. Interne use generally promoted the positive influence of grandparental caregiving on grandparents’ health. Specifically, the mediating effects of watching videos and chatting through the internet were most pronounced among urban grandmothers. The mediating effects of watching news were most noticeable among both urban grandmothers and grandfathers.ConclusionInternet use served as a mediator in the association between grandchild child care and grandparental health. Promoting internet usage may be an effective way reducing the negative impact of grandchild care on grandparents’ mental health. It could also increase the positive effect of caregiving on grandparents’ SRH and functional independence. The study also underscored the importance of taking rural–urban context and gender role into consideration when studying intergenerational caregiving and Chinese grandparents’ health.

Objective: Aging caused by a deficiency syndrome can be found in ancient and modern traditional Chinese medicine literature. Qi deficiency syndrome (QDS) is a vital factor in the aging process. This study aimed to establish a full-scale trial to evaluate the prevalence, symptom severity, frequency, and distribution of QDS in different age groups and varying health status to elucidate the role of qi deficiency in the aging process and deterioration of health. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in four hospitals in China, and data from 1220 participants were included. The participants, aged between 20 and 79 years, completed questionnaires that recorded prevalence of QDS and severity or frequency of relevant symptoms, then were interviewed by investigators. We used frequency analysis and chi-squared tests to perform comparative analysis of prevalence in different age and health groups; we used a rank-sum tests for quantitative analysis of symptoms severity and frequency scores; we performed a regression analysis of correlation between syndrome occurrence and potential factors using non-conditional binary logistic stepwise regression of numerical variables. P

HIV-1 seroconversion and subtype are evaluated and factors associated with cohort retention are analyzed for subjects' baseline sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics in a 12-month follow-up study of injection drug users (IDUs). No drug-using or sexual behaviors are found to be associated with retention and the results suggest that HIV is spreading rapidly to more geographic areas along drug trafficking routes in China.

Background: Smoking has been shown to reduce health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) undergoing percutanous coronary intervention (PCI) either by means of balloon angioplasty or with the use of bare-metal stents (BMS). Drug-eluting stents (DES) have now been widely used and are related to substantial reduction of restenosis and significantly improved HRQOL compared with BMS. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of smoking on HRQOL in patients after PCI in DES era.Methods: A cohort of 649 patients admitted for CAD and treated with drug-eluting stents were included in this prospective, observational study. Patients were classified as non-smokers (n = 351, 54.1%), quitters (n = 126, 19,4%), or persistent smokers (n = 172, 26.5%) according to their smoking status at the time they first admitted to hospital and during the first year of follow-up. Each patient was prospectively interviewed at baseline, 6 months and 1 year following PCI. HRQOL was assessed with the use of Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36).Results: For the overall population, HRQOL scores at 1-year follow-up were significantly higher than baseline for all 8 domains. At 1-year follow-up, the HRQOL scores in persistent smokers were still lower than that in non-smokers in 6 domains except for bodily pain and mental health, and than that in quitters in 5 domains except for bodily pain, role emotional and mental health. There were no significant differences with regard to the scores between non-smokers and quitters except role emotional for which non-smokers had higher scores. After adjustment, persistent smokers demonstrated significantly less improvements in HRQOL than non-smokers in 6 domains except for bodily pain and social functioning and significantly less improvement than quitters for general health. Improvements of quitters were comparable to that of non-smokers in all domains. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed persistent smoking was an independent risk factor for PCS and MCS improvements.Conclusions: Persistent smoking substantially diminishes the potential quality-of-life benefits of DES. Efforts should be made to promote smoking cessation after DES implantation which could greatly improve the health quality outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a cause of chronic gastritis and maybe responsible for functional dyspepsia in a subset of patients. Many risk factors, such as alcohol consumption and smoking, may contribute to the colonization and infection of H. pylori in humans. However, studies on the relationship between H. pylori infection and drinking or smoking have produced conflicting results. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine whether consumption of alcohol or smoking is associated with active H. pylori infection in functional dyspepsia patients. Methods: H. pylori infection was confirmed by CLOtest and histology on at least two biopsies. Active chronic gastritis was diagnosed using the updated Sydney system. In addition to gender and age, information on drinking and smoking habits was collected using a standard questionnaire. Functional dyspepsia was diagnosed according to the Rome II diagnostic criteria. Results: H. pylori infection was positive in 27.3% of the 139 functional dyspepsia patients. Both age and gender were not significantly associated with H. pylori infection. A multiple logistic model found that alcohol consumption (OR = 9.05, 95% CI: 1.05–77.98) and pathology (active gastritis) (OR = 595.39, 95% CI: 81.43–4353.33) were associated with H. pylori infection. Active gastritis was associated with alcohol consumption (OR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.03–8.02), smoking (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.22–6.05) and age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 1.01–1.06). Conclusions: In patients with functional dyspepsia, there is no significant association between active H. pylori infection and smoking. However, alcohol consumption appears to be associated with H. pylori infection. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper discusses the conceptual framework of green design for multifunctional children's wear. There are still many problems with children's clothing on the market, which hinder environmental sustainability and threaten the physical and mental health of children. This topic is mainly devoted to the study of children's wear green design, combining environmental protection with health. This study will contribute to the development of the local economy and sustainable development of children's wear-related enterprises at home and abroad and will also enrich the research on the environmental protection of children's wear. The green design of children's wear is realized from the perspective of optimal design, environmental protection materials and user needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Journal of Social Work is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study investigates the effect of quick coherence technique (QCT) on commercial pilots' resilience to the unprecedented impact of a pandemic. Eighteen commercial pilots voluntarily participated in a 2-day training course on QCT followed by 2 months of self-regulated QCT practicing during controlled rest in the flight deck and day-to day life. There are subjective and objective assessments to evaluate the effects of QCT on commercial pilots' psychophysiological resilience. Results demonstrated that QCT training can significantly increase pilots' psychophysiological resilience thereby improving their mental/physical health, cognitive functions, emotional stability and wellness on both subjective (PSS & AWSA) and objective measures (coherence scores). Moreover, pilots who continued practicing self-regulated QCT gained the maximum benefits. Current research has identified great potential to enhance pilots' mental/physical health via QCT training. Operators can develop peer support programs for pilots to increase resilience and maintain mental and physical health using the QCT technique. Practitioner summary: QCT breathing has been proven to increase commercial pilots' resilience by moderating psychophysiological coherence, strengthening mental/physical capacity and sustaining positive emotions to deal with the challenges both on the flight deck and in everyday life. Pilots have suffered from the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic across many factors including social, economic, mental, physical, emotional, and operational issues Biofeedback training can increase commercial pilots' resilience by moderating psychophysiological coherence, strengthening mental and physical capacity Self-regulated practicing QCT to form a habitual behaviour is required to sustain the maximum benefits either in the flight or day-to-day life QCT is an effective intervention for aviation authorities and airline operators to develop peer support programs to increase pilots' fatigue resilience [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Aircraft noise is one of the most significant sources of environmental pollution in large cities. During the COVID-19 pandemic, strict lockdown in community might increase residents' discomfort with the noise, which could disrupt public activities and reduce subjective well-being. Most of the existing studies considered aircraft noise as a single sound source, which have ignored the influence of other sounds in the community. This paper applied field survey to identify the soundscape and non-acoustic factors related to aircraft noise evaluation. Methods: Paper questionnaires were delivered to select residents of three sample residential areas near Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport to investigate residents' general health, evaluation of aircraft noise, community activities, and attitudinal factors. The relationship between respondent's noise evaluations and subjective factors were investigated through statistical analyses controlling for measured aircraft noise levels and the existence of soundscape facilities. Results: The results indicated that the negative effects of aircraft noise were enhanced during the lock down, especially for frequent space users and those residents in poor health status. Under conditions of similar levels of aircraft noise exposure, communities with more birdsong and fountain sounds had lower proportion of highly annoyed respondents and higher level of soundscape ratings. This paper further indicated that personal factors including fear of air travel, noise sensitivity, and the frequency of outdoor activity had increased the level of annoyance to aircraft noise, while higher degree of annoyance to aircraft noise was associated with poor health status. Discussion: The findings implied the moderating effects of subjective factors and the restorative effects of natural sounds, which could inform aircraft noise control and community consultation strategies by protecting vulnerable populations and creating community soundscape facilities. Future research might conduct a preand post-experiment to estimate the potential causal impact of the soundscape intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective Endogenous adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), acetylcholine (ACh), and histamine (HA) are known to be important in bronchial contraction, but their clinical relevance to asthma is poorly understood. We aimed to quantify endogenous AMP, ACh, and HA in induced sputum samples and explore their relationships with asthma control and exacerbations. Methods 20 healthy subjects and 112 asthmatics underwent clinical assessment, sputum induction, and blood sampling. The level of asthma control was determined by the asthma control test (ACT) questionnaire. Asthma exacerbation was evaluated according to the criteria of the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society. Levels of AMP, ACh, and HA in sputum were measured by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. IL-[beta], IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-13, IL-17A, TNF-[alpha], IFN-[gamma], and macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC) were also measured. Results Compared to healthy controls, asthmatics had higher levels of HA, lower levels of ACh, and similar levels of AMP in induced sputum samples. Compared to controlled asthma (n = 54), uncontrolled asthma (n = 58) showed higher AMP levels (P = 0.002), but similar HA and ACh levels. AMP was negatively correlated with ACT scores (r = - 0.348) and asthma quality of life questionnaire scores (r = - 0.188) and positively correlated with blood monocytes percentage (r = 0.195), sputum MDC (r = 0.214), and IL-6 levels (r = 0.196). Furthermore, AMP was associated with an increased risk of exacerbations in the preceding year. Conclusion Endogenous AMP, but not ACh or HA, was associated with asthma control, quality of life, and exacerbations in the previous year, which indicates that AMP could be a clinically useful biomarker of asthma., Author(s): Xue Mei Fang [sup.1] [sup.2], Ying Liu [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Ji Wang [sup.1] [sup.2], Xin Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Lei Wang [sup.2] [sup.3], Li Zhang [sup.1] [sup.2] [sup.3], Hong [...]

People with high levels of intelligence are more aware of risk factors, therefore choosing a healthier lifestyle. This assumption seems reasonable, but is it true? Previous studies appear to agree and disagree. To cope with the uncertainty, we designed a mendelian randomization (MR) study to examine the causal effects of genetically proxied intelligence on alcohol-, smoking-, and physical activity (PA)-related behaviors. We obtained genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets concerning these variables from separate studies or biobanks and used inverse-variance weighted (IVW) or MR-Egger estimator to evaluate the causal effects according to an MR protocol. The MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO, and funnel plots were employed for horizontal pleiotropy diagnosis. The Steiger test (with reliability test), Cochran's Q test, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out method were employed for sensitivity analysis. We found significant or potential effects of intelligence on alcohol dependence (OR = 0.749, p = 0.003), mental and behavioral disorders due to alcohol (OR = 0.814, p = 0.009), smoking (OR = 0.585, p = 0.005), and smoking cessation (OR = 1.334, p = 0.001). Meanwhile, we found significant or potential effects on walking duration (B = −0.066, p < 0.001), walking frequency (B = −0.055, p = 0.031), moderate PA frequency (B = −0.131, p < 0.001), and vigorous PA frequency (B = −0.070, p = 0.001), but all in a negative direction. In conclusion, our findings reinforce some existing knowledge, indicate the complexity of the health impacts of human intelligence, and underline the value of smoking and alcohol prevention in less intelligent populations. Given the existing limitations in this study, particularly the potential reverse causality in some estimations, re-examinations are warranted in future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Byline: Bei. Zhang, Li. Zhang, Bingyang. Bian, Fang. Lin, Zining. Zhu, Jiping. Wang Background: Whole-body diffusion-weighted imaging (WB-DWI) is commonly used for the detection of multiple myeloma (MM). Comparative data [...]

This paper uses SIDE theory and an information seeking lens to examine the types of information and support messages (N = 126,977 posts) veterans seek on the social networking site Reddit regarding medical marijuana use. A combination of automated text analysis strategies paired with thematic analysis produced eight themes: Doctor Patient Conversations, Drug Test, Legality, Legal Policy, Prescription Drug Use/Other Substance Use, Point of View, Reasons for Use, and V.A. Findings reveal that a large portion of veterans discuss how medical marijuana can be used to self-medicate for a number of issues, including PTSD, anxiety, and sleep deprivation. Results also highlighted missing topics within veterans' conversations about medical marijuana use. For instance, veterans rarely discuss the strategies they use to talk to their doctor about their medical marijuana use. Practical implications and directions for future research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To determine personal and organisational factors associated with work performance and illness outcomes during presenteeism in a cohort of nurses. Background: Presenteeism is prevalent in nursing populations. It is known to be associated with impaired health and performance loss. Knowledge about the factors associated with presenteeism may help foster better health and performance in this group. Methods: A survey (N = 270) was conducted in a population of nurses working with older adults. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to explore factors associated with performance loss and illness outcomes during presenteeism. Results: Work performance and illness outcomes were often reported as poor during presenteeism. Less negative illness perceptions and work engagement were associated with better work performance and illness outcomes. Older age and manager support were also associated with better work performance. Non‐organisational causes of illness were associated with better illness outcomes. Conclusion: Performance levels and illness outcomes during presenteeism are associated with a combination of illness‐related, individual, attitudinal and organisational factors. Implications for nursing management: Fostering engagement, support, good relationships and a hazard‐free environment may improve performance and health during presenteeism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental regulation has attracted a great deal of attention between air pollution and innovation, but rarely individual perspective. This study attempts to reveal the impact of air pollution on regional innovation through individual health. The methodology applies dynamic panel model and system GMM estimation dealing with endogeneity issue and using China's provincial panel data from 1998 to 2018. Empirical analysis shows that air pollution has significant negative effects on regional innovation. With every 1% increase in PM2.5 concentration, patent applications decrease by 0.186%. Correction and replacement of the dependent variable, classifying samples, and using subsamples all show that the results are robust. Parallel multiple mediator model is adopted to analyze the influence mechanism. It can be found that the physical and mental health of R&D personnel plays a significant mediator role. It can be constructive to regional innovation to reduce air pollution while maintaining innovation capital investment; and improve R&D personnel health while reducing their work pressure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is announced and it is very important to share our experience to the critical care community in the early stage. Urgent intubation team was organized by anesthesiologists and was dispatched upon request. We have retrospectively reviewed medical charts of 20 critically ill patients with Covid-19 pneumonia who required tracheal intubation from February 17 to March 19 in Wuhan No.1 hospital, China. We collected their demographics, vital signs, blood gas analysis before and after tracheal intubation, and 7-day outcome after tracheal intubation. Out of 20 patients, 90% were over 60 years old and 15 were with at least one comorbidity. All meet the indication for tracheal intubation announced by treatment expert group. We had successfully intubated all patients using personal protective equipment without circulatory collapse during tracheal intubation. During the observational period, none of 17 anesthesiologists were infected. Although intubation improved SPO.sub.2, reduced PaCO.sub.2 and blood lactate, seven of 20 patients died within 7-days after tracheal intubation. Non-survivors showed significantly lower SPO.sub.2 and higher PaCO.sub.2 and blood lactate compared to survivors. For those who are anticipated to deteriorate severe pneumonia with poor prognosis, earlier respiratory support with tracheal intubation may be advised to improve outcome., Author(s): Li Zhang [sup.1], Jiyong Li [sup.1], Mingxing Zhou [sup.1], Zhijun Chen [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.410609.a, Department of Anesthesiology, Wuhan No.1 Hospital, , Zhongshan Avenue 215#, 430022, Wuhan, Hubei, [...]

The current study examined eye movement control in autistic (ASD) children. Simple targets were presented in isolation, or with central, parafoveal, or peripheral distractors synchronously. Sixteen children with ASD (47-81 months) and nineteen age and IQ matched typically developing children were instructed to look to the target as accurately and quickly as possible. Both groups showed high proportions (40%) of saccadic errors towards parafoveal and peripheral distractors. For correctly executed eye movements to the targets, centrally presented distractors produced the longest latencies (time taken to initiate eye movements), followed by parafoveal and peripheral distractor conditions. Central distractors had a greater effect in the ASD group, indicating evidence for potential atypical voluntary attentional control in ASD children., Author(s): Li Zhang [sup.1] , Guoli Yan [sup.1] [sup.2] , Li Zhou [sup.1] , Zebo Lan [sup.1] , Valerie Benson [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.412735.6, 0000 0001 0193 3951, Academy [...]

Background: In this research, the factors that influence the self-precautionary behavior during the pandemic are explored with the combination of social support and a risk perception attitude framework.Methods: An online survey was conducted among 429 members to collect information on demographic data, social support, perceptions of outbreak risk, health self-efficacy, and self-precautionary behaviors with the guide of the Social Support Scale, the COVID-19 Risk Perception Scale, the Health Self-Efficacy Scale and the Self-precautionary Behavior Scale.Results: The research shows that among the three dimensions of social support, both objective support and support utilization negatively predict risk perception, while subjective support positively predicts health self-efficacy; health self-efficacy and risk perception significantly predict self-precautionary behavior; the relationship between risk perception and self-precautionary behavior is significantly moderated by health self-efficacy.Conclusions: The combined influence of social capital and risk perception attitudinal frameworks on self-precautionary behavior is highlighted in this study, with the relationship between the public's risk perception, health self-efficacy, and self-precautionary behavior intentions examined against the background of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). These findings contribute to understanding the impact of social capital factors on risk perception and health self-efficacy, which provides insight into the current status and influencing factors of the public's precautionary behavior and facilitates early intervention during a pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To provide an example of a tweet analysis for nurse researchers using Twitter in their research. Design: A content analysis using tweets about "heat illness + health." Methods: Tweets were pulled from Twitter's application programming interface with premium access using Postman and the key words "heat illness + health." All data cleaning and analysis was performed in R Version 3.5.2, and the tweet set was analyzed for term frequency, sentiment, and topic modeling. Principal R packages included LDAvis, tidytext, tm, and zyuzhet. Results: 6,317 tweets were analyzed with a date range of April 6, 2009, to December 30, 2019. The most common terms in the tweets were heat (n = 4,532), illness (n = 4,085), and health (n = 2,257). Sentiment analysis showed that the majority of tweets (55%) had a negative sentiment. Topic modeling showed that there were three topics within the tweet set: increasing impact, prevention and safety, and symptoms. Conclusions: Twitter can be a useful tool for nursing researchers, serving as a viable adjunct to current research methodologies. This practical example has facilitated a deeper understanding of the social media representation of heat illness and health that can be applied to other research. Clinical Relevance: Twitter serves as a tool for collecting health information for multiple groups, ranging from clinicians and researchers to patients. By utilizing the plethora of data that comes from the platform, we can work towards developing theories and interventions related to numerous health conditions and phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) makes up a large fraction of organic carbon, which has attracted considerable attention due to its light absorption properties and effects on human health. However, the poorly constrained sources and light absorption properties of WSOC give rise to large uncertainties in its effects on climate and health, especially in regions with high pollutant loading. Here, we investigated the sources and light absorption properties of WSOC in 10 cities across China by dual carbon isotope analysis and UV−visible spectrophotometry, respectively. Despite a dominant contribution of nonfossil sources, the fossil source contribution to WSOC was higher in China than in other regions of the world. The average mass absorption efficiency of WSOC at 365 nm (MAE365) the fossil source contribution of WSOC were 1.13 ± 0.37 m2/gC and 39.9 ± 9.4%, respectively; both values were higher in northern than southern China. The nonfossil source contribution and δ13C of WSOC exhibited significant seasonal variations, with higher values in cold seasons, likely in association with enhanced corn residue burning. In addition, higher MAE365 in the cold seasons (fall and winter) was strongly related to enhanced biomass burning emissions. However, the fossil source contribution of WSOC showed a positive relationship with MAE365 in the cold seasons. This may be because the primary fossil WSOC emitted directly by coal combustion and the secondary fossil WSOC generated under the high NOx conditions in the cold seasons would enhance the color of the entire WSOC. To limit the impacts of WSOC on regional climate and human health, it is suggested that mitigation strategies should consider spatiotemporal variation in WSOC sources, its light absorption properties, and the various formation pathways. Key Points: The fossil fuel contribution and corresponding MAE365 value of water‐soluble organic carbon (WSOC) were higher in northern than southern ChinaHigher 14C and 13C of WSOC in cold seasons may be related to corn residue burningPrimary coal combustion emissions and secondary fossil WSOC generated under high NOX conditions increase MAE365 of WSOC in cold seasons [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Few studies examine the network structure and function of older women's health discussion networks. We sought to assess the feasibility and acceptability of collecting social network data via telephone from 72 women from the Women's Health Initiative study and to describe structural and functional characteristics. Women were socially connected and had dense networks. Women were emotionally close to network members, but their networks were not used to facilitate communication with health-care providers. One-third of network members was not influential on health-related decision-making. Collecting social network data via telephone is feasible and an acceptable, though un-preferred, mode of data collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doubtless, China's long-term extensive development model has exacerbated environmental pollution, thus posing a great threat to the health of its residents. Against this background, the present paper constructs a comprehensive system for evaluating environmental pollution from the perspective of environmental pollution and natural purification, and then empirically analyzes the impact of environmental pollution on the "near-term health," "self-rated health", and "mental health" of Chinese residents via the Hierarchical Linear Model based on the data from China Family Panel Studies in 2016. This paper focuses on the impact of environmental pollution on physical health as well as on mental health. The results are as follows: (1) although environmental pollution in China has no significant negative impact on the "near-term health" of residents, it can reduce the levels of "self-rated health" and "mental health" of residents; (2) environmental pollution causes more health losses to the low-income group and residents in underdeveloped cities in central and western China. It is argued that perfecting public services is an important way to improve residents' physical and mental health in the process of urbanization in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to identify trajectories of effort-reward imbalance (ERI), to examine these with respect to demographic (age, gender, socio-economic position) and work-related (employment contract, work hours, shift work, sector) factors, and to investigate associations with different health indicators (self-rated health, depressive symptoms, migraine, sickness absence). The study used four waves of data (N = 6702), collected biennially within the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Using latent class growth modelling, we identified four trajectories: a stable low imbalance trajectory, which comprised 90% of all participants, and three change trajectories including a decreasing trajectory (4% of the participants), an inverted U-shaped trajectory and an increasing imbalance trajectory, both in 3% of the participants. Results indicate that a sizeable proportion of Swedish employees' experience imbalance between efforts and rewards at work. The most favourable trajectory comprised relatively more men and was characterised by better work-related characteristics than the less favourable ERI trajectories. All change trajectories were dominated by women and employees in the public sector. Health developments followed ERI trajectories, such that less favourable trajectories associated with impaired health and more favourable trajectories associated with better health. Sickness absence increased among all ERI trajectories, most so for the decreasing and increasing ERI trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to examine how adherence to the physical activity (PA), screen‐time (ST), and sleep duration guidelines differ between youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and youth with typical development (TD). A secondary objective was to assess how PA, ST, and sleep duration varied among youth with ASD by age and ASD severity. Utilizing the 2016 National Survey of Children's Health data, parental reports of time spent by youth in PA, ST, and sleep were used to determine adherence to the 24‐hr movement guidelines for 1008 youth with ASD and 34 489 youth with TD. Multivariate logistic regression analyses determined that children with ASD were less likely to meet the guidelines for PA, ST, and sleep duration, and adolescents with ASD were less likely to meet the guidelines for PA and ST than participants with TD. Furthermore, logistic regression analyses determined adolescents with severe ASD to be less likely to meet the sleep guideline compared to adolescents with mild ASD. Overall, youth with ASD were significantly less likely to adhere to all three guidelines. The findings highlight the breadth of health behaviors that require intervention to counteract the poorer health status among youth with ASD. Autism Res 2019, 12: 941–951. © 2019 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary: New health recommendations suggest children and adolescents should have at least 1 hr of physical activity, no more than 2 hr of screen‐time (e.g., television), and 9–11 hr of sleep (or 8–10 hr for children aged 14 or older) every day. This article looked at how children and adolescents with autism meet these new guidelines. The two main results were that: (a) children with autism were less likely to meet all three guidelines compared to children without autism, and (b) adolescents with autism were less likely to meet the guidelines for physical activity and screen‐time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate effects of dietary 1,8‐cineole (cineole) on common carp (Cyprinus carpio) health under ammonia toxicity. The fish were fed with four diets supplemented by 0 (control), 0.1 (0.1C), 0.5 (0.5C), and 1 (1C) percent cineole for 2 weeks, before a 24‐hr ammonia exposure. Blood samples were taken before and after ammonia exposure. The results showed that ammonia exposure significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum urea levels, and decreased serum alternative complement (ACH50) activity and serum total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels. Cineole significantly (p < 0.05) increased serum ACH50 activity (0.1% and 0.5% levels) and total Ig levels (0.5% levels). There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels among the treatments. Before ammonia exposure, there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), and lysozyme activities among the cineole treatments. The treatment 0.5C had the lowest lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and aspartate transaminase (AST) activities before ammonia exposure. After ammonia exposure, serum LDH and ALT activities increased in all treatments, but the treatment 0.5C had the lowest activities. Serum ALP activities increased after the ammonia exposure in the control and 1C groups. Serum AST and lysozyme activities increased after the challenge in all groups except for the 0.5C group. Overall, the results suggest that ammonia exposure causes increase in serum LDH, ALP, AST, and ALT activities and decreased immune responses, which are indicator of tissue damage and immunosuppression. 0.5% cineole is capable to suppress adverse effects of ammonia intoxication in carp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Some pregnant women avoid labor epidural analgesia because of their concerns about risk of cerebral palsy in children. Although it is believed that labor epidural does not contribute to cerebral palsy, to our knowledge no study has been published to specifically address this concern. We carried out a retrospective case-control study to investigate whether labor epidural analgesia is associated with cerebral palsy in children. Methods This study used data that were collected and entered into the Geisinger electronic health records between January 2004 and January 2013. During this period, 20,929 children were born at Geisinger hospitals. Among them, 50 children were diagnosed with cerebral palsy, and 20 of those were born vaginally. Each of these 20 cerebral palsy children was matched with up to 5 non-cerebral palsy children born at the same hospitals in the same timeframe using propensity scoring methods. Analgesia was classified as epidural (including epidural or combined spinal and epidural) or non-epidural. Conditional logistic regression was used to compare the percentages of deliveries with each analgesia type between the cerebral palsy and non-cerebral palsy groups. Results In the non-cerebral palsy group, the percentage of patients receiving labor epidural analgesia was 72 %, and in the cerebral palsy group the percentage was 45 %. There was no significant difference between non-cerebral palsy and cerebral palsy groups (odds ratio, 0.57; 95 % confidence interval, 0.14-2.24; p = 0.42). Conclusion We found no association between the use of labor epidural analgesia and the occurrence of cerebral palsy in children., Author(s): Li Zhang[sup.1] , Jove H. Graham[sup.2] , Wen Feng[sup.2] , Meredith W. Lewis[sup.2] , Xiaopeng Zhang[sup.1] , H. Lester Kirchner[sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) Division of Anesthesiology, Geisinger Health System, [...]

Campylobacter concisus is an emerging enteric pathogen that is associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Previous studies demonstrated that C. concisus is non-saccharolytic and hydrogen gas (H.sub.2) is a critical factor for C. concisus growth. In order to understand the molecular basis of the non-saccharolytic and H.sub.2-dependent nature of C. concisus growth, in this study we examined the pathways involving energy metabolism and oxidative stress defence in C. concisus. Bioinformatic analysis of C. concisus genomes in comparison with the well-studied enteric pathogen Campylobacter jejuni was performed. This study found that C. concisus lacks a number of key enzymes in glycolysis, including glucokinase and phosphofructokinase, and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway. C. concisus has an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle, with no identifiable succinyl-CoA synthase or fumarate hydratase. C. concisus was inferred to use fewer amino acids and have fewer candidate substrates as electron donors and acceptors compared to C. jejuni. The addition of DMSO or fumarate to media resulted in significantly increased growth of C. concisus in the presence of H.sub.2 as an electron donor, demonstrating that both can be used as electron acceptors. Catalase, an essential enzyme for oxidative stress defence in C. jejuni, and various nitrosative stress enzymes, were not found in the C. concisus genome. Overall, C. concisus is inferred to have a non-saccharolytic metabolism in which H.sub.2 is central to energy conservation, and a narrow selection of carboxylic acids and amino acids can be utilised as organic substrates. In conclusion, this study provides a molecular basis for the non-saccharolytic and hydrogen-dependent nature of C. concisus energy metabolism pathways, which provides insights into the growth requirements and pathogenicity of this species. Keywords: Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter, Hydrogen, Energy, Metabolism, Respiration, Author(s): Melissa Yeow[sup.1], Fang Liu[sup.1], Rena Ma[sup.1], Timothy J. Williams[sup.1], Stephen M. Riordan[sup.2] and Li Zhang[sup.1] Introduction Campylobacter species are fastidious Gram-negative, curved rod-shaped bacteria which require microaerobic to anaerobic [...]

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of enzymatic hydrolysates of defatted silkworm pupa (EHDSP) on growth performance, body composition and non-specific immunity of juvenile mirror carp (Cyprinus carpio var. specularis). The control diet (EHDSP0) was produced using fish meal (FM) as the main protein source and the other four diets were formulated by substitution of 25% (EHDSP25), 50% (EHDSP50), 75% (EHDSP75) and 100% (EHDSP100) FM with EHDSP. Five groups containing 270 juvenile mirror carp (14.51 ± 0.03 g) were fed to apparent satiation for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the special growth rate, weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and feed conversion rate of experimental fish in EHDSP25 and EHDSP50 groups were not significantly different from EHDSP0 group (p > .05). The spleen index of experimental fish in EHDSP25 group was significantly higher than that of EHDSP0 group (p < .05). The muscle protein content of experimental fish in EHDSP25 and EHDSP50 groups was significantly higher than that of EHDSP0 group (p < .05). Serum alanine aminotransferase and total cholesterol of experimental fish fed with the EHDSP were significantly lower than that of control (p < .05). The activity of serum superoxide dismutase of experimental fish in EHDSP25, EHDSP50 groups was significantly higher than that of EHDSP0 group (p < .05). Intestinal trypsin activity of EHDSP25 group was significantly higher than that of EHDSP0 (p < .05). In conclusion, EHDSP can be included into diet to replace 50% FM of juvenile mirror carp without negative effect on growth, furthermore, it can improve the non-specific immunity and function of intestinal tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the initial prophylactic antibiotic use and the subsequent NEC in high-risk premature infants.Methods: We performed a literature search of PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the Web of Science, and nine studies with a total of 5207 infants were selected for inclusion in this study.Results: The pooled estimate for the seven studies combined indicating that prophylactic antibiotic usage was associated with a non-significant trend toward increased incidence of NEC [odds ratio (OR) 0.75; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-2.17], and prolonged exposure to prophylactic antibiotics, compared with limited prophylactic antibiotic use, was associated with a significant trend toward the risk of increasing incidence of NEC (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.08-1.59).Conclusion: Current evidence does not support the use of prophylactic antibiotics to reduce the incidence of NEC for high-risk premature infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the associations of neighborhood characteristics and living arrangements with physical and mental health among older Chinese Americans. Method: A sample of 3,159 community-dwelling Chinese older adults in the Greater Chicago area provided reports of health, socio-demographic characteristics, living arrangements, social cohesion, and neighborhood disorder. We used multinomial logistic, Poisson, and negative binominal regression analyses. Results: Neighborhood disorder was consistently associated with negative health indicators, including poor self-reported health, more chronic conditions, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Findings about the relationships between social cohesion and health indicators were mixed. Social cohesion was more salient to mental health for those living with spouse, children, and/or grandchildren relative to those living with spouse only. Discussion: Policies and interventions are needed to improve the physical and social environments of neighborhoods and to promote healthy aging among Chinese older adults and in the general population as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial communities are called another "organ" for aquatic animals and their important influence on the health of host has drawn increasing attention. Thus, it is important to study the relationships between aquatic animals and bacterial communities. Here, bacterial communities associated with Litopenaeus vannamei larvae at different healthy statuses (diseased and healthy) and growth stages (i.e., zoea, mysis, and early postlarvae periods) were examined using 454-pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Bacterial communities with significant difference were observed between healthy and diseased rearing water, and several bacterial groups, such as genera Nautella and Kordiimonas could also distinguish healthy and diseased shrimp. Rhodobacteraceae was widely distributed in rearing water at all growth stages but there were several stage-specific groups, indicating that bacterial members in rearing water assembled into distinct communities throughout the larval development. However, Gammaproteobacteria, mainly family Enterobacteriaceae, was the most abundant group (accounting for more than 85%) in shrimp larvae at all growth stages. This study compared bacterial communities associated with healthy and diseased L. vannamei larvae and rearing water, and identified several health- and growth stage-specific bacterial groups, which might be provided as indicators for monitoring the healthy status of shrimp larvae in hatchery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study conducts an age, period, cohort analysis of how religious involvement affects adult health across the life course and over time in the USA. Cross-classified random-effect models are used to examine data drawn from the General Social Survey, 1972-2008. The research shows clear life course patterns, time trends and birth cohort changes in the religious involvement and health relationship with period effects surpassing cohort effects. For the most part, the results show a loss of advantage in health with age for those who are more involved in religion. Period effects are mainly demonstrated by an overall downward trend of self-rated health (SRH) attributable to religious denominational differences and various levels of social integration. Unlike the period effects, the health disparities associated with religious denominational differences fluctuated when cohort progressed. These findings suggest that in general, the positive effect of religious involvement on SRH decreases with age and periods, but its influence on individual SRH fluctuates by cohort. It is expected that a downward trend in SRH attributable to religious involvement will carry on in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: The increasing use of cesarean delivery is an emerging global health issue. Prior estimates of China's cesarean rate have been based on surveys with limited geographic coverage.Objective: To provide updated information about cesarean rates and geographic variation in cesarean use in China.Design, Setting, and Data Sources: Descriptive study, covering every county (n = 2865) in mainland China's 31 provinces, using county-level aggregated information on the number of live births, cesarean deliveries, maternal deaths, and perinatal deaths, collected by the Office for National Maternal & Child Health Statistics of China, from 2008 through 2014.Exposures: Live births.Main Outcomes and Measures: Annual rate of cesarean deliveries.Results: Over the study period, there were 100 873 051 live births, of which 32 947 229 (32.7%) were by cesarean delivery. In 2008, there were 13 160 634 live births, of which 3 788 029 (28.8%) were by cesarean delivery and in 2014 there were 15 123 276 live births, of which 5 280 124 (34.9%) were by cesarean delivery. Rates varied markedly by province, from 4.0% to 62.5% in 2014. Despite the overall increase, by 2014 rates of cesarean delieries in 14 of the nation's 17 "super cities" had declined by 4.1 to 17.5 percentage points from their earlier peak values (median, 11.4; interquartile range, 6.3-15.4). In 4 super cities with the largest decreases, there was no increase in maternal or perinatal mortality.Conclusions and Relevance: Between 2008 and 2014, the overall annual rate of cesarean deliveries increased in China, reaching 34.9%. There was major geographic variation in rates and trends over time, with rates declining in some of the largest urban areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]